CN102130877A - Pilot signal determination method and wireless communication system using the same - Google Patents
Pilot signal determination method and wireless communication system using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention disclose a pilot signal determination method for a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system utilizes a plurality of sub-carriers. The pilot signal determination method includes steps of generating at least one vector corresponding to at least one sub-channel; and determining a plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a pilot signal determining method and a wireless communication system thereof, and more particularly, to a pilot signal determining method and a wireless communication system thereof for determining the number of pilot signals, pilot positions, and pilot values.
Background
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Modulation is a "Multi-Carrier Modulation" transmission method, which basically divides a data stream with a high transmission rate into a plurality of parallel streams with lower transmission rates, and modulates each Sub-stream (also called Sub-stream) onto different Sub-carriers (also called Sub-carriers). In this case, the Symbol time becomes long enough, so the delay caused by the channel becomes only a small part of the Symbol time, thereby eliminating or reducing the Inter Symbol Interference (Inter Symbol Interference), effectively improving the spectrum utilization (spectrum Interference) and increasing the data transmission capacity of the system. Therefore, the ofdm modulation technique has been widely used in many Wireless communication systems, such as Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), which is one of them, and the related WLAN communication protocol standards include IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11 b, IEEE802.11 g, IEEE802.11n, etc., which all adopt the ofdm modulation technique. Unlike the IEEE802.11a/g standard, the IEEE802.11n standard uses a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology capable of supporting Multiple spatial time streams (spatial time streams) and other new functions, which greatly improves the data rate and the transmission Throughput (Throughput), and simultaneously increases the channel bandwidth from 20MHz to 40 MHz.
In order for the receiver to perform channel estimation to obtain the channel response, communication systems typically use pilot signals as reference signals to correct for frequency and timing errors. Specifically, a portion of the subcarriers are dedicated to transmitting pilot signals, i.e., pilot channels (pilot tones), which the receiver can distinguish. Therefore, the receiver can perform channel estimation on the part of subcarriers to obtain corresponding channel responses, and further determine the channel responses of other subcarriers by the inner difference.
In an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 20MHz, 64 subcarriers are used and the subcarriers are numbered-32, -31. Of these subcarriers, 4 subcarriers (sub-carriers) numbered-21, -7, 7 and 21 are dedicated to transmitting pilot signals, i.e., pilot channels. As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of pilot locations in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 20MHz, which has 4 pilot signals, and the pilot locations of the pilot signals are-21, -7, 7 and 21, respectively.
For a wireless system conforming to the ieee802.11a/g standard, i.e. using one stream for transmission, the pilot value for the pilot signal in each ofdm symbol may be denoted as p (k), where k is-7, -21, 7 and 21, and the pilot values are as follows:
p(-21)＝1、p(-7)＝1、p(7)＝1、p(21)＝-1。
for wireless systems conforming to the IEEE802.11N standard, N may be supportedSTSAnd (3) space time beams, wherein NSTS is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4. For N in an nth OFDM symbolSTSAn ith in each space-time beamSTSA pilot value of a pilot signal for a k-th subcarrier of each space-time beam may be represented as follows:
wherein
Indicating modulo operation, and psi is defined in fig. 2. fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pilot value table 20 of an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 20MHz and conforming to the ieee802.11n standard.
Taking the pilot value for the pilot signal on a 3 rd spatial-time beam of 4 spatial-time beams in a 3 rd ofdm symbol as an example, the pilot value can be obtained by referring to a row R9 in the pilot value table 20. Specifically, the symbol sequence is used for the-21 st, the-7 th, the 7 th and the 21 st spatial time beams in the 3 rd OFDM symbol on the 3 rd spatial time beam in the 4 th spatial time beamThe pilot values of the sub-carriers are respectively
I.e., 1, -1, 1, which may be represented by a dashed line in fig. 2, starting with the 4 th leading value of rank R9 and ending with the 3 rd leading value of rank R9. And so on, other guidance values can be obtained.
It is noted that, in order to make channel estimation more accurate for a receiver, the pilot sequences for subcarriers on a space-time beam in different ofdm symbols are preferably orthogonal to each other. Taking the pilot sequence for the pilot signal on the 3 rd space-time beam in the 4 th space-time beam in the 3 rd and 4 th OFDM symbols as an example, the pilot sequence for the 3 rd OFDM symbol is
And the pilot value sequence for the 4 th OFDM symbol is
Which are orthogonal to each other, i.e., 1-1-1+1 ═ 0, so that the channel estimation performed by the receiver has statistical diversity rather than re-estimating the same error in different ofdm symbols. Similarly, the pilot sequences for different subcarriers in a spatial time beam in an ofdm symbol are also preferably orthogonal to each other, and the pilot sequences for subcarriers in different spatial time beams in an ofdm symbol are also preferably orthogonal to each other.
In an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 40MHz and compliant with the ieee802.11n standard,it uses 128 sub-carriers and 6 sub-carriers numbered-53, -25, -11, 25 and 53 are dedicated to transmitting pilot signals, i.e., pilot channels. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of pilot locations in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 40MHz, which has 6 pilot signals, and the pilot locations of the pilot signals are-53, -25, -11, 25, and 53, respectively. For N in an nth OFDM symbolSTSAn ith in each space-time beamSTSA pilot value of a pilot signal for a k-th subcarrier of each space-time beam may be represented as follows:
wherein
Indicating modulo operation, and psi is defined in fig. 4. fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a pilot value table 40 of an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 40MHz and conforming to the ieee802.11n standard. The guiding value table 40 is similar to the guiding value table 20, and the detailed description and the usage thereof can refer to the previous description.
To achieve high quality wlan transmission, the IEEE committee is developing next generation wlan systems, such as a multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system conforming to the IEEE802.11ac standard, which can increase the channel bandwidth from 40MHz to 80MHz or even 160MHz and can support more than 4 antennas, i.e. more than 4 spatial time beams.
Since the communication system uses the pilot signal as a reference signal to correct frequency and timing errors and thereby more accurately perform channel estimation, the pilot signal used in the next generation wlan system must be determined.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is a primary objective of the present invention to provide a pilot signal determining method and a wireless communication system thereof, which can determine the number, pilot position and pilot value of pilot signals.
The invention also discloses a signal decision method, which is used in a wireless communication system which utilizes a plurality of sub-carriers for transmission. The pilot signal determining method includes generating at least one vector corresponding to at least one subchannel; and determining a plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector.
The invention also discloses a wireless communication system which utilizes a plurality of subcarriers for transmission. The wireless communication system comprises a microprocessor; and a memory for storing a program for instructing the microprocessor to execute the method for determining the pilot signal.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of pilot locations in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 20 MHz.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a pilot value table of an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 20MHz and compliant with the ieee802.11n standard.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of pilot locations in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 40 MHz.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a pilot value table of an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 40MHz and compliant with the ieee802.11n standard.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pilot signal determination process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a vector table for even ofdm symbols and odd ofdm symbols in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 80MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a pilot value determination process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a pilot value determination process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a pilot value matrix for an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 80MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[ description of main element symbols ]
20. 40 guide value table
Rows R1-R9, R1' -R9
50. 70, 80 procedures
500 to 506, 700 to 708, 800 to 806
60 vector table
Q-boot value matrix
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pilot signal determination process 50 according to an embodiment of the invention. The pilot determination procedure 50 is used for determining pilot in a wireless communication system that utilizes multiple subcarriers for transmission. The pilot signal determination process 50 includes the following steps:
step 500: and starting.
Step 502: at least one vector corresponding to at least one sub-channel is generated.
Step 504: a plurality of pilot signals is determined according to the at least one vector.
Step 506: and (6) ending.
According to the pilot determination process 50, the present invention first generates at least one vector corresponding to at least one sub-channel, and then determines a plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector.
Taking a Wireless communication system conforming to IEEE802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard as an example, the invention generates at least one vector
Wherein s represents a s-th sub-channel of the at least one sub-channel, and i is 0, 1, 2, 3i (s)1, {0, 1 }. Of note is phii (s)Value of and at least one vector
The number of (A) is set according to IEEE802.11 wireless local area network standards, such as IEEE802.11a/g, IEEE802.11n or IEEE802.11 ac. Thus, the present invention can sum phii (s)As a quantity L of pilot signals on a spatial time beam, it can be expressed as:
furthermore, the present invention can further determine a plurality of guiding positions of the plurality of guiding signals according to the at least one vector and a predetermined vector. Specifically, the present invention determines the pilot positions of the pilot signals according to a formula, which can be expressed as:
wherein,
the at least one vector is represented by a vector,
the good indication element is multiplied by the element, N represents the number of the plurality of sub-carriers, and M represents the number of sub-carriers in a sub-channel and represents the predetermined vector.
For example, in a wireless communication system conforming to the IEEE802.11 WLAN standard, the default vector is preferably selected[11253953]. For a 20MHz system with 64 sub-carriers, 0 sub-channels, and 64 sub-carriers in one channel (N64, S0, M64), the present invention can generate at least one vector
Then sum phii (s)The value of (d) as the number of pilot signals on a spatial time beam can be expressed as:
1+1+1+1＝4。
then, the invention calculates the formula
To determine the pilot positions of the 4 pilot signals, which can be expressed as:
thus, the present invention can determine the pilot locations of-21, -7, 7 and 21 for a 20MHz bandwidth system, which is the same as the prior art.
For a 40MHz system with 128 subcarriers, 2 subchannels, and 64 subcarriers in a subchannel (N128, S0, 1, M64), the present invention can generate at least one vector
Then sum phii (s)The value of (d) as the number of pilot signals on a spatial time beam can be expressed as:
(1+0+1+1)+(1+1+0+1)＝6。
then, the invention calculates the formula
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding positions of subchannel 0, which can be expressed as:
and the invention can calculate the formula additionally
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding positions of the sub-channel 1, which can be expressed as:
thus, the present invention can determine the pilot positions of-53, -25, -11, 25 and 53 for a 40MHz bandwidth system, which is the same as the prior art. As can be seen from the above, the pilot signal pilot location for the system with 20MHz or 40MHz bandwidth determined by the present invention is the same as the known technology, so the present invention can be backward-compatible with the IEEE802.11a/g/n standard.
Furthermore, for a system with a bandwidth of 80MHz, which has 256 subcarriers, 4 subchannels, and 64 subcarriers in a subchannel (N128, S0, 1, 2, 3, M64), the present invention can generate at least one vector
Then sum phii (s)The value of (d) as the number of pilot signals on a spatial time beam can be expressed as:
(0+1+0+1)+(0+1+0+1)+(1+0+1+0)+(1+0+1+0)＝8。
then, the invention calculates the calculation formula
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding positions of subchannel 0, which can be expressed as:
formula for calculation
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding positions of the sub-channel 1, which can be expressed as:
formula for calculation
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding position of the sub-channel 2,it can be expressed as:
and a calculation formula
And uses non-zero elements as the guiding positions of the sub-channels 3, which can be expressed as:
thus, the present invention can determine the pilot locations of the pilots for a system with a bandwidth of 80MHz as-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75 and 103.
It is noted that the at least one vector for one Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol may be different from the other at least one vector for another OFDM symbol. In other words, different ofdm symbols may define different vectors, i.e., the pilot locations may be fixed or vary over time.
For example, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a vector table 60 for even ofdm symbols and odd ofdm symbols in an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 80MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 6, for odd numbered ofdm symbols, subcarriers-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75, and 103 are dedicated to transmitting pilot signals, i.e., pilot channels (pilot tones); similarly, for even numbered OFDM symbols, subcarriers-117, -89, -53, -25, 53, 89, and 117 are dedicated for transmitting pilot signals. In other words, pilot positions-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75 and 103 are for odd ofdm symbols, and pilot positions-117, -89, -53, -25, 53, 89 and 117 are for even ofdm symbols. In this way, since the pilot positions for the even ofdm symbols and the odd ofdm symbols are different, the present invention can perform channel estimation by using only 8 pilot signals in each ofdm symbol, and can achieve the effect of performing channel estimation by using 16 pilot signals.
On the other hand, for the receiver to perform channel estimation more accurately, the sequences of pilot values for subcarriers in a space-time beam in different ofdm symbols are preferably orthogonal to each other, the sequences of pilot values for different subcarriers in a space-time beam in ofdm symbols are preferably orthogonal to each other, and the sequences of pilot values for subcarriers in different space-time beams in ofdm symbols are preferably orthogonal to each other.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a guiding value determining process 70 according to an embodiment of the invention. The pilot value determination process 70 is used to determine a pilot value of a pilot signal in a wireless communication system. The guiding value determining process 70 comprises the following steps:
step 700: and starting.
Step 702: a plurality of mutually orthogonal sequences are generated, each sequence comprising a plurality of elements.
Step 704: a different one of the plurality of sequences is assigned to each of the plurality of pilot signals, respectively.
Step 706: the elements of the different sequence are assigned in a first specific order as pilot values for each of the plurality of pilot signals.
Step 708: and (6) ending.
Since there are L pilot signals in a space-time beam, the process 70 is determined based on the pilot values, and the present invention generates LxNSTSAnd sequences orthogonal to each other, wherein each sequence comprises U elements. Next, the present invention allocates L × N separatelySTSA different one of the plurality of sequences is assigned to each of the plurality of pilot signals. Finally, the present invention assigns the U elements of the different sequence as the pilot values of the pilot signals in a first specific order, such as assigning a first element of the different sequence
Each element is used as a pilot value for each of the plurality of pilots in an nth ofdm symbol, and U is the number of the plurality of elements included in each sequence. In this way, the pilot sequences for the subcarriers in different spatial time beams in the ofdm symbol are orthogonal to each other, and the pilot sequences for the different subcarriers in a spatial time beam in the ofdm symbol are also orthogonal to each other, so that the present invention can perform channel estimation more accurately.
Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a pilot value determination process 80 according to an embodiment of the present inventionIntention is. The difference between the pilot value determination process 80 and the pilot value determination process 70 is that the pilot value determination process 80 can reduce the number of sequences generated in step 702, all of which are L N in step 702STSXU elements. The guiding value determining process 80 comprises the following steps:
step 800: and starting.
Step 802: generate an NSTSMultiplying by L matrix Q, where QQT＝INSTS。
Step 804: allocating N in a second specific orderSTSMultiplying the element in the L matrix Q as the pilot value of the pilot signal.
Step 808: and (6) ending.
According to the pilot value determination process 80, the present invention generates an NSTSMultiplying by L matrix Q, where QQT＝INSTSThus N isSTSThe columns of the by-L matrix Q are orthogonal to each other. In other words, the pilot value determination process 80 only generates NSTSOrthogonal sequences, wherein each sequence contains L elements, i.e. all NSTSX L elements instead of all L x N in step 702STSXU elements. Next, the present invention assigns N in a second specific orderSTSMultiplying the elements of the L-matrix Q as the pilot value of the pilot signal, e.g. assigning NSTSMultiply by one (i) in the L matrix QSTS1) elements are used in an nth OFDM symbol in an ith symbolSTSA first in a space time beam
Pilot values in the pilot signal. In this way, the pilot sequences for the subcarriers in different spatial time beams in the ofdm symbol are orthogonal to each other, and the pilot sequences for the different subcarriers in a spatial time beam in the ofdm symbol are also orthogonal to each other, so that the present invention can perform channel estimation more accurately.
For example, referring to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention applied to a display panelA schematic diagram of a pilot value matrix Q of an ofdm system with a bandwidth of 80 MHz. The pilot matrix Q is based on an 8 by 8 matrix generated in step 802, i.e., the pilot matrix Q is used for NSTSIn the case of ≦ 8 and 8 pilot subcarriers, and the columns of the pilot value matrix Q are orthogonal to each other. For the OFDM system using the vector table 60 and having a bandwidth of 80MHz, the symbol is used for an ith OFDM symbol in an nth OFDM symbolSTSThe pilot value of the pilot signal for the k-th subcarrier in each space-time beam may be expressed as follows:
an even numbered ofdm symbol n:
the OFDM symbols n numbered as odd numbers:
wherein,
indicating a floor or cut-off operation, e.g.
Representing a modulo operation and Q is defined by a matrix of pilot values Q. In this way, the pilot sequences for the subcarriers in different spatial time beams in the ofdm symbol are orthogonal to each other, and the pilot sequences for the different subcarriers in a spatial time beam in the ofdm symbol are also orthogonal to each other, so that the present invention can perform channel estimation more accurately.
Taking the pilot for a 3 rd spatial time beam in a 3 rd ofdm symbol as an example, the pilot can be obtained by referring to a row R3' of the pilot matrix Q. Specifically, since the 3 rd ofdm symbol is an odd symbol, the pilot positions of the pilot signals are-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75 and 103, and the pilot values for the 3 rd spatial time beams in the 3 rd ofdm symbol are-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75 and 103 th subcarriers, respectively
I.e., -1, -1, which may be represented by a dashed line in FIG. 9 starting from the 4 th element of column R3The 3 rd element of the column R3' ends. And so on, other guidance values can be obtained.
It is noted that the main spirit of the present invention is to generate at least one vector corresponding to at least one sub-channel, and accordingly determine the number of pilot signals, pilot locations, and pilot values. Those skilled in the art can make modifications or changes according to the above-described embodiments without limitation thereto. For example, the wireless communication system preferably conforms to the IEEE802.11 wlan standard, but may be other wireless communication systems using pilot signals. The values of the elements of the default vector are preferably spaced apart by a specific value, such as the intervals 14 of the default vector [ 11253953 ] for wireless communication systems conforming to the IEEE802.11 wlan standard, so that the pilot locations are more evenly distributed among the subcarriers, thereby allowing more accurate channel estimation and reducing circuit complexity. In addition, the guiding positions may be fixed or may vary with time as shown in fig. 6, and the guiding positions for the even ofdm symbols and the odd ofdm symbols in fig. 6 are different, but other mechanisms varying with time may be used without being limited thereto.
On the other hand, in terms of hardware implementation, the pilot signal determination procedure 50 and the pilot value determination procedures 70 and 80 can be converted into a program in software, firmware, etc. and stored in a memory of the wireless communication device to instruct the microprocessor to execute the steps of the pilot signal determination procedure 50 and the pilot value determination procedures 70 and 80. These conversion of the pilot signal determination 50 and pilot value determination 70, 80 into appropriate programs to implement the corresponding setup means should be well known to those skilled in the art.
As mentioned above, for the next generation wireless lan system (e.g. the wireless communication system conforming to ieee802.11ac standard, which can increase the channel bandwidth from 40MHz to 80MHz or even 160MHz and can support more than 4 antennas, i.e. more than 4 spatial time beams), the known technology does not provide a method for determining its pilot signal. In contrast, the present invention is compatible with the ieee802.11a/g/n standard in the forward direction, in addition to determining the number, location and value of pilots used in the next generation wlan system. Moreover, since the pilot positions for odd ofdm symbols and even ofdm symbols may be different, the present invention can use less pilot signals in each ofdm symbol while achieving the effect of using more pilot signals when performing channel estimation.
In summary, the present invention can determine the number, pilot locations and pilot values of pilot signals used in the next generation of wlan systems, and can also use different pilot locations for odd ofdm symbols and even ofdm symbols to achieve higher performance.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made by the claims of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (22)
1. A pilot determination method for a wireless communication system utilizing multiple sub-carriers for transmission, the pilot determination method comprising:
generating at least one vector corresponding to at least one subchannel; and
a plurality of pilot signals is determined according to the at least one vector.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one vector is expressed as:
wherein s represents a s-th sub-channel of the at least one sub-channel, and i is 0, 1, 2, 3i (s)＝{0，1}。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of generating the at least one vector corresponding to the at least one subchannel comprises:
setting a plurality of values of the at least one vector.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector comprises:
summing the values of the at least one vector as a number of pilots in a space-time beam, which can be expressed as:
5. the method of claim 2, wherein the step of determining the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector comprises:
and determining a plurality of pilot positions of the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector and a preset vector.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the predetermined vector comprises a plurality of elements, and each of the plurality of values of the plurality of elements is separated by a specific value.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of determining the pilot positions of the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector and the predetermined vector comprises:
determining the plurality of pilot locations of the plurality of pilot signals according to an equation, which can be expressed as:
wherein,
the at least one vector is represented by a vector,
represents element-to-element multiplication, N represents the number of the plurality of subcarriers, and M represents the number of subcarriers in a subchannel and represents the predetermined vector.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined vector is [ 11253953 ].
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication system is a 20MHz system and the at least one vector is
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication system is a 40MHz system and the at least one vector is
11. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication system is an 80MHz system and the at least one vector is
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of guiding positions are-103, -75, -39, -11, 39, 75, and 103.
13. The method of claim 8, wherein the wireless communication system is an 80MHz system and the at least one vector is
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of guiding positions are-117, -89, -53, -25, 53, 89 and 117.
15. The method of claim 1 wherein the at least one vector for one OFDM symbol is different from at least one other vector for another OFDM symbol.
16. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one vector is used for even OFDM symbols and is different from at least one other vector used for odd OFDM symbols.
17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector comprises:
a plurality of pilot values of the plurality of pilot signals are determined.
18. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of determining the plurality of pilot signals according to the at least one vector comprises:
generating a plurality of mutually orthogonal sequences, each sequence comprising a plurality of elements;
assigning a different one of the plurality of sequences to each of the plurality of pilot signals, respectively; and
the elements of the different sequence are assigned in a first specific order as pilot values for each of the plurality of pilot signals.
19. The method of claim 17, wherein the first specific order is assigned to a first of the different sequences
Each element is used as a pilot value for each of the plurality of pilots in an nth ofdm symbol, and U is the number of the plurality of elements included in each sequence.
20. The method of claim 17, wherein the step of determining the pilot values of the plurality of pilot signals comprises:
generate an NSTSMultiplying by an L matrix; and
allocating the N in a second specific orderSTSMultiplying a plurality of elements in the L matrix to be used as leading values of the plurality of leading signals;
wherein N isSTSRepresenting the number of multiple space-time beams, L representing the number of multiple pilot signals used in a space-time beam, and QQT＝INSTSQ represents the number NSTSMultiplying by the L matrix.
21. The method of claim 17, wherein the second specific order is assigning the NSTSMultiply by one (i) in L matrixSTS1) elements are used in an nth OFDM symbol in an ith symbolSTSA first in a space time beam
Pilot values in the pilot signal.
22. A wireless communication system utilizing a plurality of subcarriers for transmission, comprising:
a microprocessor; and
a memory for storing a program for instructing the microprocessor to execute the pilot signal determining method according to claim 1.
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