CN102128011A - 一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置及其控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种岩屑环空回注系统，选用注水井作为回注井，中间的注水管线(7)与9-5/8”套管(8)之间形成内环空(9)，9-5/8”套管(8)与13-3/8”套管(10)之间形成外环空(11)，其特点是在注水管线(7)的延长管(1)与内环空(9)的出口管线(6)之间安装注水管线隔离阀(2)、压力控制阀(3)、内环空隔离阀(4)、内环空压力表(5)，用于海上油田钻井的岩屑回注作业技术，在13-3/8”套管与9-5/8”套管之间的外环空进行岩屑回注时，调节压力控制阀的允许出口压力，对内环空进行加压，来保证岩屑回注浆液不到流入内环空，保护内环空空间，保护注水井的完整性。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及海上油田钻井技术领域，具体地讲是一种不用修补套管又能进行岩屑环空回注的装置及其控制方法，用于海上油田钻井的岩屑回注作业。
背景技术：
近十年来，随着公众环境保护意识的不断提高和法律法规的不断完善，石油天然气工业采取各种措施尽量将钻井产生的岩屑以及其它一些废弃物减至最低限度，以便更好地保护环境和公共安全。钻井、生产废物主要指钻井岩屑、钻井结束后的剩余泥浆、生产沙、油舱污泥等废物。
海上钻井废弃物的处理仅限于排放、回注或运回岸上处理。废弃物处理方式多种多样，但归纳起来，海上钻井和生产过程中产生的废弃物不外乎有三种处理方式：一是达标排放，二是运回岸上处理，三是回注到地层。
第一种方式中，因为在泥浆及岩屑外排前的处理过程中，要使用大量化学物品，很难被社会各界认同为处理彻底。于是，新的油田废弃物处理方案一般不考虑处理达标后排海。
第二种处理方法，也是目前常用的岩屑处理方法，是将岩屑运回陆地，经过焚烧，或其它无害化处理，对残余物进行掩埋，或加工成其它形式的材料。这种做法在一定程度上降低垃圾对环境的污染，但并不能实现废弃物处置的“零排放”，而且在处理过程中，常常伴生其它形式的新污染。例如，焚烧虽然可以发电或作为水泥添加料，但会产生二恶英，对人体有害；废弃物填埋虽然可以暂时看不到污物，但是，既占地又可能污染环境，处理不当，污水会渗入地下，影响地下水源的水质。另外，由于作业条件的限制，当作业在海上进行时，采用这种方法，给海上作业带来很大的影响，增加了作业成本。
第三种处理方法是将泥浆、岩屑以及其它废弃物在高压条件下回注到具有封闭结构的地层中，使废弃物“从哪里来，回哪里去”，是接近“零排放”的一种处理方式，已逐步获得社会的认同。
在采用第三种方法进行岩屑回注时，一般的做法是先钻一口回注井，其余的井在钻井过程中产生的岩屑再回注到回注井中。但对于已处于开发阶段的油田而言，往往没有专门的回注井。为了处理钻井产生的岩屑，同时避免对生产井造成影响，一般选用注水井作为回注井，岩屑从外环空回注入地层。注水井有其特点，因长期回注水，而水质容易腐蚀套管，容易造成套管刺漏。在回注时，回注浆液的压力较高，浆液从外环空将进入内环空。进入内环空的浆液长期滞留在内环空空间里面，随着时间的推移，浆液中的微米级岩屑颗粒将沉降，逐渐堆积到内环空的封隔器上，堵塞封隔器，滋生细菌，一方面由于形成滞留区域，加速内环空套管的腐蚀，另一方面，也为以后的修井作业带来重大问题。因而为了进行岩屑环空回注，必须要进行套管修补即修井作业，但这样的成本高，并停产，带来很大的经济损失。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是克服上述已有技术的不足，而提供一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于岩屑环空回注装置的控制方法。
本发明主要解决现有的岩屑环空回注技术易加速内环空套管的腐蚀及采用修补套管成本高、停产经济损失大等问题。
为了达到上述目的，本发明是这样实现的：一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置，选用注水井作为回注井，中间的注水管线与9-5/8”套管之间形成内环空，9-5/8”套管与13-3/8”套管之间形成外环空，其特殊之处在于在注水管线的延长管与内环空的出口管线之间安装注水管线隔离阀、压力控制阀、内环空隔离阀、内环空压力表。
本发明的一种用于岩屑环空回注装置的控制方法，其特殊之处在于它包括如下工艺步骤：
a安装用于岩屑环空回注的装置，用注水井作为回注井，中间的注水管线与9-5/8”套管之间形成内环空，9-5/8”套管与13-3/8”套管之间形成外环空，在注水管线的延长管与内环空的出口管线之间安装注水管线隔离阀、压力控制阀、内环空隔离阀、内环空压力表；
b预测外环空的回注压力，可通过估算地层压力梯度来预测外环空的回注压力；
c打开注水管线隔离阀；
d打开内环空隔离阀；
e调整压力控制阀，使内环空压力表的读数与外环空回注压力平衡，即保证内环空压力为正压；
f开始往外环空回注岩屑浆液，即在13-3/8”套管与9-5/8”套管之间的外环空进行岩屑回注，同时可调节压力控制阀的允许出口压力，对内环空进行加压，来保证岩屑回注浆液不到流入内环空，保护内环空空间，保护注水井的完整性。
本发明所述的一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置及其控制方法与已有技术相比具有突出的实质性特点和显著进步：1、采用本发明的装置，通过调整压力控制阀的出口压力，采用压力平衡原理，保持了内环空的正压，避免正在外环空回注的浆液进入内环空，避免浆液中的微米级岩屑颗粒将沉降堵塞封隔器，减慢内环空套管的腐蚀；2、保证以后的修井作业的顺利进行；3、不需修补套管即可顺利进行岩屑环空回注，从而降低成本，减少经济损失。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的注水井环空回注结构示意图；
图2是本发明的控制部分连接示意图。
具体实施方式：
为了更好地理解与实施，下面结合附图给出具体实施例详细说明本发明一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置及其控制方法。
实施例1，参见图1、2，选用注水井作为岩屑回注井，中间是注水管线7，中间的注水管线7与9-5/8”套管8之间形成内环空9，9-5/8”套管8与13-3/8”套管10之间形成外环空11，在注水管线7的延长管1与内环空9的出口管线6之间依次安装注水管线隔离阀2、压力控制阀3、内环空隔离阀4、内环空压力表5，形成一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置，通过调节压力控制阀实现内、外环空压力平衡。
本发明的一种用于岩屑环空回注装置的控制方法，在作业时，按下列步骤控制岩屑回注浆液不进入内环空：采用上述安装的用于岩屑环空回注的装置；预测外环空的回注压力，可采用计算的方式，也可根据外环空的压力表的读数获得；打开注水管线隔离阀；打开内环空隔离阀；调整压力控制阀，使内环空压力表的读数与外环空回注压力平衡，即保证内环空压力为正压；开始往外环空回注岩屑浆液，即在13-3/8”套管与9-5/8”套管之间的外环空进行岩屑回注，同时可调节压力控制阀的允许出口压力，对内环空进行加压，来保证岩屑回注浆液不到流入内环空，保护内环空空间，保护注水井的完整性。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于岩屑环空回注的装置，选用注水井作为回注井，中间的注水管线(7)与9-5/8”套管(8)之间形成内环空(9)，9-5/8”套管(8)与13-3/8”套管(10)之间形成外环空(11)，其特征在于在注水管线(7)的延长管(1)与内环空(9)的出口管线(6)之间安装注水管线隔离阀(2)、压力控制阀(3)、内环空隔离阀(4)、内环空压力表(5)。
2.权利要求1所述的一种用于岩屑环空回注装置的控制方法，其特征在于它包括如下工艺步骤：
a安装用于岩屑环空回注的装置，用注水井作为回注井，中间的注水管线(7)与9-5/8”套管(8)之间形成内环空(9)，9-5/8”套管(8)与13-3/8”套管(10)之间形成外环空(11)，在注水管线(7)的延长管(1)与内环空(9)的出口管线(6)之间安装注水管线隔离阀(2)、压力控制阀(3)、内环空隔离阀(4)、内环空压力表(5)；
b预测外环空(11)的回注压力；
c打开注水管线隔离阀(2)；
d打开内环空隔离阀(4)；
e调整压力控制阀(3)，使内环空压力表(5)的读数与外环空回注压力平衡，即保证内环空压力为正压；
f开始往外环空回注岩屑浆液，即在13-3/8”套管与9-5/8”套管之间的外环空进行岩屑回注，同时可调节压力控制阀的允许出口压力，对内环空进行加压，来保证岩屑回注浆液不到流入内环空。
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