CN102127640B - Method for producing moderate ferrovanadium - Google Patents
Method for producing moderate ferrovanadium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102127640B CN102127640B CN201110099473A CN201110099473A CN102127640B CN 102127640 B CN102127640 B CN 102127640B CN 201110099473 A CN201110099473 A CN 201110099473A CN 201110099473 A CN201110099473 A CN 201110099473A CN 102127640 B CN102127640 B CN 102127640B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing moderate ferrovanadium, in particular to a method for producing moderate ferrovanadium with lower production cost, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps of: (a) proportioning: mixing a vanadium-bearing raw material, an iron-bearing raw material, aluminum powder and CaO to obtain a mixture, wherein the vanadium-bearing raw material is at least one of ammonium poly-vanadate and ammonium metavanadate, the iron-bearing raw material is at least one of iron, iron red powder, in the vanadium-bearing raw material, the weight ratio of vanadium juice to the iron-bearing raw material is 1 to (0.73-0.75), an aluminum-proportioning coefficient is 1.15-1.18, and a CaO-proportioning coefficient is 0.46-0.48; (b) pelletizing: pelletizing the mixture and drying pellets; (c) conveying the dried pellets into a furnace and smelting: conveying the dried pellets into the furnace and smelting until the mixture is fully reacted; and (d) discharging from the furnace to obtain the moderate ferrovanadium.
Description
Technical field
The method of vanadium iron belongs to metallurgical technology field in the present invention relates to produce.
Background technology
Ferro-vanadium is the important alloy addition of Iron And Steel Industry, and the method for producing ferro-vanadium at present mainly contains electro-silicothermic process, thermite process and electro-aluminothermic process.Electro-silicothermic process is mainly with V
2O
5(or V
2O
3) to add lime, steel cuttings (or iron powder), ferrosilicon and aluminum shot be that raw material is smelted, thermite process and electro-aluminothermic process are mainly with V
2O
5(or V
2O
3) to add lime, steel cuttings (or iron powder) and aluminum shot be that raw material is smelted, it all is with V
2O
5Or V
2O
3For containing vanadium raw materials, as: " iron alloy ", 2002, No.3,10～13 document " V
2O
5And V
2O
3Produce the vanadium iron craft discussion " disclosed method is: use V
2O
5Or V
2O
3Be raw material, make reductive agent, adopt thermite process and electrit heat to smelt with aluminium.And for example: " iron alloy ", 2008, No.5, the disclosed method of 18～23 document " electro-silicothermic process smelting low-phosphorous ferrovanadium " is: use V
2O
5Be raw material, make reductive agent, adopt electric silicon heat to smelt the FeV50 vanadium iron with ferrosilicon and ferrosilicoaluminum.For another example: " vanadium titanium material ", August in 2007 the 1st edition, Beijing, metallurgical industry press, the disclosed method of 113～114,127～129 document is: with ammonium poly-vanadate at the temperature lower calcination that is not higher than 900 ℃, with crystal water and ammonia removal wherein, V
2O
5And under reducing atmosphere, 500 ℃～1000 ℃ following ammonium poly-vanadate or the ammonium meta-vanadates of reducing obtain V
2O
3Think V then
2O
5Or V
2O
3For vanadium raw materials is produced vanadium iron.
Because V
2O
5Production be ammonium poly-vanadate to be placed in the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus calcine, remove crystal water and ammonia and then fusing wherein and get; V
2O
3Production be with ammonium poly-vanadate or V
2O
5Place in the high temperature reduction stove, under reducing atmosphere, the pentavalent vanadium is reduced into trivalent vanadium and gets.Therefore, no matter be with V
2O
5For vanadium raw materials is produced vanadium iron, still with V
2O
3Produce vanadium iron for vanadium raw materials, the cost of its raw material is all higher.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the method for vanadium iron in a kind of the production, and the production cost of this method is lower.
The method of vanadium iron comprised the steps: during the present invention produced
A, batching: will contain vanadium raw materials, iron-bearing material, aluminium powder, CaO mixing and obtain mixture; Wherein, the described vanadium raw materials that contains is at least a in ammonium poly-vanadate, the ammonium meta-vanadate; Described iron-bearing material is at least a in iron powder, the iron oxide red powder (iron oxide red is red oxide of iron); Containing vanadium raw materials is 1: 0.73～0.75 in vanadium, iron-bearing material in the weight proportion of iron; Joining the aluminium coefficient is 1.15～1.18, described ratio of joining the fine aluminium weight that the aluminium coefficient need add for the actual fine aluminium weight that adds and Theoretical Calculation; Joining the CaO coefficient is 0.46～0.48, and the described CaO of joining coefficient is the ratio of the CaO weight and the fine aluminium weight that Theoretical Calculation need add of actual adding;
B, make ball: the gained mixture is made ball, pelletizing dry (drying mode of pelletizing can be for drying naturally, as: Exposure to Sunlight 12～72 hours also can be incubated oven dry in 2 hours～42 hours under 50～250 ℃ temperature);
C, go into stove and smelt: dried pelletizing is gone into stove and is smelted to mixture react completely (i.e. heating makes the mixture fusion and keeps fusion that mixture is reacted completely and gets final product);
D, come out of the stove, obtain middle vanadium iron.
Further,, then can influence reduction reaction speed, prolong the reaction times, also possibly make reaction insufficient, reduce the dynamic conditions of reaction if raw material granularity is excessive; If raw material granularity is too small, then raw material powder is prone to fly upward in the smelting process, also can increase broken cost.The preferred following granularity (granularity of raw material all refers to diameter among the present invention) of raw material among the present invention: the said granularity that contains vanadium raw materials is 0.040～0.300mm; The granularity of said iron-bearing material is 0.040～0.250mm; The granularity of said aluminium powder is 0.063～0.250mm, and the granularity of said CaO is 0.09～10.00mm.
Wherein, because the relative ammonium poly-vanadate of ammonium meta-vanadate cost is higher, therefore, in order to reduce cost the described preferred ammonium poly-vanadate of vanadium raw materials that contains.Owing to when iron-bearing material is the iron oxide red powder, can increase the aluminium powder add-on with reduced iron powder, increase cost, therefore, in order to reduce cost the preferred iron powder of described iron-bearing material.
Wherein, the purity that contains vanadium raw materials, iron oxide red powder, aluminium powder, CaO in the above-mentioned a step is high more, and the vanadium iron quality of then producing is good more.The V of the described ammonium poly-vanadate of a step
2O
5Content is preferably 80.00～91.00wt%, and the iron oxide red powder is with Fe
2O
3Count its Fe
2O
3Content is preferred>=97.0wt%, and the Fe powder is in metal Ferrum content, and its content is preferably TFe>=95.0wt%, MFe>=89.0wt%; Aluminium powder Al content is preferred>=99.0wt%.Certainly,, can suitably reduce the purity of each material as the case may be in order to reduce cost, as: it is unslaked lime or the white lime replacement of 66.45～90.00wt% that the CaO in the above-mentioned a step can use CaO content.
Wherein, the b step is made ball by ordinary method and is got final product, the institute's ball of making size and conventional pelletizing size identical getting final product (being generally about diameter 5cm).For the ease of making ball, when making ball, b mixed in step material also can add sticker, and sticker can adopt ordinary method to make the used sticker of ball, and the consumption of sticker makes made pelletizing can satisfy requirement of strength and gets final product.The consumption of sticker is generally 2～7% of mixture weight.Further, make the ball effect in order to improve, described sticker is preferably polyvinyl alcohol water solution.Described sticker more preferably concentration is the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 1～5g/L.
The used stove of the inventive method can be a metallurgy industry stove commonly used, preferred electric arc furnace (single-phase arc funace, three-phawse arc furnace etc. all can).
Wherein, when the used stove of the inventive method was electric arc furnaces, electric arc furnaces operational procedure operation routinely got final product, and promptly threw an a small amount of pelletizing or a last stove earlier and remained slag on a small quantity, after the insertion electrode starting the arc (energising), fed intake.Smelt while feeding intake.After pelletizing adds electric arc furnace and fusion fully, continue energising and keep fusion 2～4min, mixture promptly reacts completely.Feed intake finish after; Also need switch on heating and maintenance molten state for some time; This is because after the end that feeds intake, melt cools off very soon, in melt, also has vanadium and the iron that does not partly have enough time to be deposited to the metallic state in the metallographic phase; The vanadium and the iron of this part metallic state will be stayed in the slag, thereby cause the yield of alloy to reduce.Also have the MOX that has not partly reduced to remain in the slag in addition; Continue the energising heating; Keep molten state for some time, the vanadium of as-reduced metallic state and iron are precipitated in the metallographic phase, the part MOX that has not reduced continues to sink in the metallographic phase after reduction finishes.
The content of vanadium of the middle vanadium iron of the said production of the inventive method is 48.00～55.49wt%, and iron level is 41.00～49.00wt%.
Contriver of the present invention finds through lot of experiments, if directly adopt ammonium poly-vanadate or ammonium meta-vanadate for containing vanadium raw materials, adopts the technology (promptly do not make ball, production directly feeds intake) of existing production vanadium iron, can not produce to obtain satisfactory middle vanadium iron.And employing the inventive method is made the production that feeds intake again behind the ball with mixture, not only can obtain satisfactory in vanadium iron, and the recovery of vanadium is higher, can reach more than 98%.
The inventive method is compared with existing ferro-vanadium working method, and the inventive method directly uses ammonium poly-vanadate or ammonium meta-vanadate to smelt ferro-vanadium for containing vanadium raw materials, does not produce V through calcining
2O
5Or V is produced in reduction
2O
3Operation has shortened technical process, has reduced the amount of labour used, labour intensity and energy consumption, has reduced the production floor space, thereby has significantly reduced production cost.The present invention has broad application prospects for ferro-vanadium production provides a kind of new method.
Embodiment
The method of vanadium iron comprised the steps: during the present invention produced
A, batching: will contain vanadium raw materials, iron-bearing material, aluminium powder, CaO mixing and obtain mixture; Wherein, the described vanadium raw materials that contains is at least a in ammonium poly-vanadate, the ammonium meta-vanadate; Described iron-bearing material is at least a in iron powder, the iron oxide red powder (iron oxide red is red oxide of iron); Containing vanadium raw materials is 1: 0.73～0.75 in vanadium, iron-bearing material in the weight proportion of iron; Joining the aluminium coefficient is 1.15～1.18, described ratio of joining the fine aluminium weight that the aluminium coefficient need add for the actual fine aluminium weight that adds and Theoretical Calculation; Joining the CaO coefficient is 0.46～0.48, and the described CaO of joining coefficient is the ratio of the CaO weight and the fine aluminium weight that Theoretical Calculation need add of actual adding;
B, make ball: the gained mixture is made ball, pelletizing dry (drying mode of pelletizing can be for drying naturally, as: Exposure to Sunlight 12～72 hours also can be incubated oven dry in 2 hours～42 hours under 50～250 ℃ temperature);
C, go into stove and smelt: dried pelletizing is gone into stove and is smelted to mixture react completely (i.e. heating makes the mixture fusion and keeps fusion that mixture is reacted completely and gets final product);
D, come out of the stove, obtain middle vanadium iron.
Further,, then can influence reduction reaction speed, prolong the reaction times, also possibly make reaction insufficient, reduce the dynamic conditions of reaction if raw material granularity is excessive; If raw material granularity is too small, then raw material powder is prone to fly upward in the smelting process, also can increase broken cost.The preferred following granularity (granularity of raw material all refers to diameter among the present invention) of raw material among the present invention: the said granularity that contains vanadium raw materials is 0.040～0.300mm; The granularity of said iron-bearing material is 0.040～0.250mm; The granularity of said aluminium powder is 0.063～0.250mm, and the granularity of said CaO is 0.09～10.00mm.
Wherein, because the relative ammonium poly-vanadate of ammonium meta-vanadate cost is higher, therefore, in order to reduce cost the described preferred ammonium poly-vanadate of vanadium raw materials that contains.Owing to when iron-bearing material is the iron oxide red powder, can increase the aluminium powder add-on with reduced iron powder, increase cost, therefore, in order to reduce cost the preferred iron powder of described iron-bearing material.
Wherein, the purity that contains vanadium raw materials, iron oxide red powder, aluminium powder, CaO in the above-mentioned a step is high more, and the vanadium iron quality of then producing is good more.The V of the described ammonium poly-vanadate of a step
2O
5Content is preferably 80.00～91.00wt%, and the iron oxide red powder is with Fe
2O
3Count its Fe
2O
3Content is preferred>=97.0wt%, and the Fe powder is in metal Ferrum content, and its content is preferably TFe>=95.0wt%, MFe>=89.0wt%; Aluminium powder Al content is preferred>=99.0wt%.Certainly,, can suitably reduce the purity of each material as the case may be in order to reduce cost, as: it is unslaked lime or the white lime replacement of 66.45～90.00wt% that the CaO in the above-mentioned a step can use CaO content.
Wherein, the b step is made ball by ordinary method and is got final product, the institute's ball of making size and conventional pelletizing size identical getting final product (being generally about diameter 5cm).For the ease of making ball, when making ball, b mixed in step material also can add sticker, and sticker can adopt ordinary method to make the used sticker of ball, and the consumption of sticker makes made pelletizing can satisfy requirement of strength and gets final product.The consumption of sticker is generally 2～7% of mixture weight.Further, make the ball effect in order to improve, described sticker is preferably polyvinyl alcohol water solution.Described sticker more preferably concentration is the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 1～5g/L.
The used stove of the inventive method can be a metallurgy industry stove commonly used, preferred electric arc furnace (single-phase arc funace, three-phawse arc furnace etc. all can).
Wherein, when the used stove of the inventive method was electric arc furnaces, electric arc furnaces operational procedure operation routinely got final product, and promptly threw an a small amount of pelletizing or a last stove earlier and remained slag on a small quantity, after the insertion electrode starting the arc (energising), fed intake.Smelt while feeding intake.After pelletizing adds electric arc furnace and fusion fully, continue energising and keep fusion 2～4min, mixture promptly reacts completely.Feed intake finish after; Also need switch on heating and maintenance molten state for some time; This is because after the end that feeds intake, melt cools off very soon, in melt, also has vanadium and the iron that does not partly have enough time to be deposited to the metallic state in the metallographic phase; The vanadium and the iron of this part metallic state will be stayed in the slag, thereby cause the yield of alloy to reduce.Also have the MOX that has not partly reduced to remain in the slag in addition; Continue the energising heating; Keep molten state for some time, the vanadium of as-reduced metallic state and iron are precipitated in the metallographic phase, the part MOX that has not reduced continues to sink in the metallographic phase after reduction finishes.
The content of vanadium of the middle vanadium iron of the said production of the inventive method is 48.00～55.49wt%, and iron level is 41.00～49.00wt%.
Contriver of the present invention finds through lot of experiments, if directly adopt ammonium poly-vanadate or ammonium meta-vanadate for containing vanadium raw materials, adopts the technology (promptly do not make ball, production directly feeds intake) of existing production vanadium iron, can not produce to obtain satisfactory middle vanadium iron.And employing the inventive method is made the production that feeds intake again behind the ball with mixture, not only can obtain satisfactory in vanadium iron, and the recovery of vanadium is higher, can reach more than 98%.
Do further description below in conjunction with the embodiment specific embodiments of the invention, therefore do not limit the present invention among the described scope of embodiments.
Embodiment 1 adopts ferro-vanadium in the inventive method production
Get ammonium poly-vanadate (V
2O
5=80.23wt%; Granularity is 0.05～0.20mm) 1000 gram, iron powder (TFe=96.12wt%; MFe=89.01wt%) (the Al=99.97wt% granularity is 0.075～0.200mm) 464.2 gram, lime (CaO=66.40wt% for 373.6 grams, aluminium powder; Granularity is 1.00～5.15mm) 283.5 grams, and they are mixed.The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 3g/L, gets polyvinyl alcohol water solution 84.8g, with its with the compound mixing after be pressed into pelletizing, place baking oven to become dried pelletizing in 12 hours pelletizing 100 ℃ of insulations.Throw a small amount of this pelletizing and go in the single-phase arc funace, after the starting the arc, under the situation of not cutting off the power supply, will remain pelletizing gradually and drop into smelting in the electric arc furnace, after pelletizing has been thrown also fusion, continue energising and smelted 2.4 minutes, treat to come out of the stove after stove cools off, obtain middle ferro-vanadium.Through detecting, the quality percentage composition of V, Fe is respectively 55.43wt%, 42.57wt% in the gained ferro-vanadium, and the quality percentage composition of impurity A l is 0.44wt%, and the vanadium yield is 98.2%.
Embodiment 2 adopts ferro-vanadium in the inventive method production
Get ammonium poly-vanadate (V
2O
5=80.23wt%; Granularity is 0.05～0.20mm) 1100 gram, iron powder (TFe=96.12wt%; MFe=89.01wt%) (the Al=99.97wt% granularity is 0.075～0.200mm) 510.6 gram, lime (CaO=66.40wt% for 411.0 grams, aluminium powder; Granularity is 1.00～5.15mm) 311.8 grams, and they are mixed.The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 3g/L, gets polyvinyl alcohol water solution 93.3g, with its with the compound mixing after be pressed into pelletizing, place baking oven to become dried pelletizing in 12 hours pelletizing 100 ℃ of insulations.Throw a small amount of this pelletizing and go in the single-phase arc funace, after the starting the arc, under the situation of not cutting off the power supply, will remain pelletizing gradually and drop into smelting in the electric arc furnace, after pelletizing has been thrown also fusion, continue energising and smelted 3.0 minutes, treat to come out of the stove after stove cools off, obtain middle ferro-vanadium.Through detecting, the quality percentage composition of V, Fe is respectively 52.77wt%, 44.32wt% in the gained ferro-vanadium, and the quality percentage composition of impurity A l is 0.60wt%, and the vanadium yield is 97.0%.
Embodiment 3 adopts ferro-vanadium in the inventive method production
Get ammonium poly-vanadate (V
2O
5=90.23wt%; Granularity is 0.04～0.18mm) 892 gram, iron powder (TFe=96.12wt%; MFe=89.01wt%) (the Al=99.97wt% granularity is 0.075～0.200mm) 463.8 gram, lime (CaO=66.60wt% for 375.4 grams, aluminium powder; Granularity is 1.00～5.15mm) 285.0 grams, and they are mixed.The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol water solution is 5g/L, gets polyvinyl alcohol water solution 100.6g, with its with the compound mixing after be pressed into pelletizing, place sunlight under solarization to become dried pelletizing in 48 hours pelletizing.Throw a small amount of this pelletizing and go in the single-phase arc funace, after the starting the arc, under the situation of not cutting off the power supply, will remain pelletizing gradually and drop into smelting in the electric arc furnace, after pelletizing has been thrown also fusion, continue energising and smelted 3.0 minutes, treat to come out of the stove after stove cools off, obtain middle ferro-vanadium.Through detecting, the quality percentage composition of V, Fe is respectively 54.08wt%, 43.29wt% in the gained ferro-vanadium, and the quality percentage composition of impurity A l is 0.47wt%, and the vanadium yield is 98.8%.
Claims (8)
1. the method for vanadium iron is characterized in that comprising the steps: in producing
A, batching: will contain vanadium raw materials, iron-bearing material, aluminium powder, CaO mixing and obtain mixture; Wherein, the described vanadium raw materials that contains is at least a in ammonium poly-vanadate, the ammonium meta-vanadate; The said granularity that contains vanadium raw materials is 0.040～0.300mm, and the granularity of said iron-bearing material is 0.040～0.250mm, and the granularity of said aluminium powder is 0.063～0.250mm, and the granularity of said CaO is 0.09～10.00mm; Described iron-bearing material is at least a in iron powder, the iron oxide red powder; Containing vanadium raw materials is 1: 0.73～0.75 in vanadium, iron-bearing material in the weight proportion of iron; Joining the aluminium coefficient is 1.15～1.18, described ratio of joining the fine aluminium weight that the aluminium coefficient need add for the actual fine aluminium weight that adds and Theoretical Calculation; Joining the CaO coefficient is 0.46～0.48, and the described CaO of joining coefficient is the ratio of the CaO weight and the fine aluminium weight that Theoretical Calculation need add of actual adding; The V of described ammonium poly-vanadate
2O
5Content is 80.00～91.00wt%; The iron oxide red powder is with Fe
2O
3Count its Fe
2O
3Content>=97.0wt%; The Fe powder is in metal Ferrum content, and its content is TFe>=95.0wt%, MFe>=89.0wt%; Al>=the 99.0wt% of aluminium powder; Described CaO is unslaked lime or the white lime of 66.45～90.00wt% for CaO content;
B, make ball: the gained mixture is made ball, and pelletizing is dry;
C, go into stove and smelt: dried pelletizing is gone into stove and is smelted to mixture and react completely;
D, come out of the stove, obtain middle vanadium iron.
2. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described vanadium raw materials that contains is an ammonium poly-vanadate, and described iron-bearing material is an iron powder.
3. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: b mixed in step material also adds sticker when making ball, the consumption of sticker is 2～7% of a mixture weight.
4. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described sticker is a polyvinyl alcohol water solution.
5. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described sticker is that concentration is the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 1～5g/L.
6. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the c step is gone into stove, and to smelt used stove be electric arc furnace.
7. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 6 is characterized in that: after pelletizing adds electric arc furnace and fusion fully, continue energising and keep fusion 2～4min, mixture promptly reacts completely.
8. the method for vanadium iron in the production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the content of vanadium of the middle vanadium iron of d step gained is 48.00～55.49wt%, and iron level is 41.00～49.00wt%.
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| CN103031484B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2015-05-06 | 攀钢集团有限公司 | Method for smelting vanadium iron |
| CN103993165A (en) * | 2014-06-04 | 2014-08-20 | 湖南创大钒钨有限公司 | Method for producing ferrovanadium by using ammonium metavanadate granulation to substitute flaky vanadium pentoxide |
| CN106854699A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-16 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The method for preparing vanadium iron |
| CN106854700A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-06-16 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | The method for preparing vanadium iron |
| GB201706116D0 (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-05-31 | Legacy Hill Resources Ltd | Iron ore pellets |
| CN106967917B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-03-19 | 攀钢集团研究院有限公司 | The control method of FeV80 alloy carbon content |
| CN108300880B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-07-07 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of ferrovanadium alloy |
| CN108193114B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2020-06-02 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Preparation method of vanadium-aluminum alloy |
| CN109750158A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-14 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | Vanadium-containing material is rolled to the method for being granulated and melt down smelting |
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| CN101265545A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2008-09-17 | 攀枝花新钢钒股份有限公司 | Method for smelting middle-vanadium iron |
| CN101519721A (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2009-09-02 | 攀枝花学院 | Method for smelting vanadium-titanium-iron ore concentrate |
| CN101724752A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-09 | 四川省川威集团有限公司 | Method for smelting medium ferrovanadium |
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| US7329381B2 (en) * | 2002-06-14 | 2008-02-12 | General Electric Company | Method for fabricating a metallic article without any melting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101265545A (en) * | 2008-05-08 | 2008-09-17 | 攀枝花新钢钒股份有限公司 | Method for smelting middle-vanadium iron |
| CN101519721A (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2009-09-02 | 攀枝花学院 | Method for smelting vanadium-titanium-iron ore concentrate |
| CN101724752A (en) * | 2009-12-29 | 2010-06-09 | 四川省川威集团有限公司 | Method for smelting medium ferrovanadium |
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