CN102127509A - Method, device and system for separating microalgae - Google Patents

Method, device and system for separating microalgae Download PDF

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CN102127509A
CN102127509A CN2010100008664A CN201010000866A CN102127509A CN 102127509 A CN102127509 A CN 102127509A CN 2010100008664 A CN2010100008664 A CN 2010100008664A CN 201010000866 A CN201010000866 A CN 201010000866A CN 102127509 A CN102127509 A CN 102127509A
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little algae
suspension
algae
alkyl
tensio
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CN102127509B (en
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王琳
朱振旗
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ENN Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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ENN Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method, a device and a system for separating microalgae, in particular to a method for separating the microalgae from microalgae suspension. The method comprises the following steps of: a) providing algae-containing suspension; b) adding a surfactant or solution of the surfactant into the suspension to dissolve or disperse the surfactant; c) filling bubbles from the bottom of the suspension in which the surfactant is dissolved to ensure that the bubbles are contacted with the microalgae in the rising process; d) ensuring that the microalgae are adsorbed on the bubbles to form aggregate which comprises the bubbles and the algae; e) floating the aggregate to the surface of the suspension to form a foam layer; and f) collecting the foam layer formed by the aggregate. The method, the device and the system have low equipment requirements, are economic and are favorable for scale-up production and industrial application.

Description

The methods, devices and systems that separate little algae
Technical field:
The present invention relates to little algae isolation technique, particularly a kind of technology that adopts tensio-active agent to separate little algae.
Background technology:
Little algae is individual small photoautotrophy and/or a heterotroph unicellular organism of a class, has characteristics such as widely distributed, of a great variety, that photosynthetic efficiency is high, fast growth, adaptability are strong.The annual fixed CO of little algae 2Account for 40% of global net photosynthesis output, add it and be rich in ester class, hydro carbons, albumen, soluble polysaccharide, and high value natural pigments such as astaxanthin, β-Hu Luobusu, therefore in today that problems such as environmental protection, the energy and health attract tremendous attention, little algae more and more is subjected to people's attention.
The problem that exists in little algae separation and the collection is the bottleneck of the little algae industry development of restriction always.Because little phycobiont is small, biomass concentration is lower usually, and cell density is suitable with water body, so utilize traditional solid-liquid separation means (centrifugal, filtration, flocculation sediment etc.) ubiquity problems such as energy consumption height, efficient are low.
Chinese patent application (application number: 97180873.2, open day: 2000.01.12, publication number: CN1241209A) disclose the method for microalgae cell in a kind of aqueous suspensions that breaks, an one embodiment is that aqueous suspensions is being enough under the pressure of ruptured cell, compressed portion enters liquid phase: make aqueous suspensions under pressure that is enough to ruptured cell and recirculation percentage ratio, cycle through the compression unit in the pump loop, by means of this method, can make Dunaliella salina (Dunaliella salina) cell rupture, thereby promote in order to reclaim the pneumatic flotation and the mechanical filter effect of carotenoid that mix to this cell.Chinese patent application (application number: 97180868.6, open day: 2000.01.12, publication number: CN1241149A) disclose the method and system that from Dunaliella salina, reclaims the mixing carotenoids, it adopts and under high pressure makes algae suspension destroy the cell of being gathered in the crops by the pump looped cycle, utilize the bubble absorption isolation technique to make cell dehydration then, this technology comprises having the pneumatic flotation loop of roughly selecting district and selected district; Also disclose and from algae, extracted the whole bag of tricks that mixes carotenoid and other composition, extracted and adopted natural extracting with synthetic flavouring agent and edible oil comprising high density gas.Chinese patent application (application number: 97180839.2, open day: 2000.01.12, publication number: CN1241148A) disclose a kind of dewatering of little algae aqeous suspension, little algae aqeous suspension is fed the bubble column of bubble column or transformation, the algae cell that produces foam and be adsorbed, algae is separated from aqeous suspension, an one embodiment is, bubble column is the multi-stage circulating-flow flotation tower, have 3 cycling stream zones, each zone is limited by the drainage tube that is installed in tower central authorities, and each cycling stream zone is divided into upper reaches pipe and downspout conductor, gas rill and salt solution are in the pipe of upper reaches and flow the upper reaches, in downspout conductor and flow down stream, in downspout conductor salt solution in cycling stream downwards in the pipe of circulation upper reaches gas hold up than gas hold up height in the downspout conductor, salt solution circulates in cycling stream, upwards manage by the upper reaches, pass through downspout conductor downwards, the liquid in adjacent two cycling stream zones exchanges and can avoid substantially, form the foam of enrichment algae, algae has realized separating with salt solution, and this method can be used for extracting mixing carotenoid from Dunaliella salina.Yet the method for carotenoid exists that specificity is strong, the shortcoming of broad applicability difference in the above-mentioned collection microalgae cell.Cytoclasis will be made the stripping of the purpose extract materials such as (for example carotenoid) of cell the inside earlier before collecting, the foam separation that is beneficial to carotenoid extracts.But on the one hand, the microalgae cell wall thickness that has is real, it is broken to be difficult for, and intends the microballoon algae as eyelid and utilizes the high pressure homogenizer still can not broken wall under 2000bar; On the other hand, if the easy oxidation of target extract in little algae, the gas that then is used for bubbling can not contain oxygen, and whole sepn process should be avoided contacting with oxygen/air as far as possible.Therefore, above-mentioned disclosed method has significant limitation.
Chinese patent application (application number: 200910202971.3, open day: 2009.10.14, publication number: CN101555455A) disclose the air supporting method that the pH value makes the microalgae cell flocculation of regulating of utilizing, they have all adopted the pH value of regulating algae liquid to make the microalgae cell flocculation be cellulous aggregate, feed microbubble then, and combine with the frustule flocs unit, thereby reduce cell flocs unit global density, make the cell flocs unit rise to liquid phase (algae liquid) surface, finally utilize modes such as overflow and scraper plate to collect the cell flocs unit on liquid phase surface with the come-up microbubble.Above-mentioned frustule collecting method exists application limitation equally, can not utilize the method for regulating algae liquid pH value to realize that frustule flocculates or flocculating effect is not good for most of algaes, so that can not carry out air supporting and collect; In addition, the end product that adopts the air supporting method to collect is that the aqueous solution of frustule flocs unit is (promptly with initial algae liquid phase ratio, finally obtain the higher algae liquid of frustule concentration), water content height, good fluidity, later stage also need be carried out the dehydration and the drying treatment in a nearlyer step, and because frustule flocs unit water content height, this process energy consumption is very high.
U.S. Pat 6524486B2 discloses a kind of method of separating microalgae cell from water.This method utilizes flocculation agent to make the microalgae cell in the water form the many cells flocs unit earlier; Then it is all squeezed into flotation tower, feed dissolved air water in the flotation tower bottom, to produce extremely small bubble, and combine with frustule flocs unit in the water, thereby reduce cell flocs unit global density, make the cell flocs unit rise to liquid phase (algae liquid) surface, form the flocs unit layer with the come-up microbubble; The outlet (being overflow port) of then regulating flotation tower highly makes it mutually neat with the water surface, thereby the flocs unit layer is overflowed along outlet; Utilize a nearly step of filter cloth to concentrate the frustule flocs unit of collecting at last, and carry out drying treatment, finally obtain exsiccant algae powder.Above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) is essentially the more general dissolved air flotation of application in the solid-liquid separation: principal character makes little algae flocculation (3～6 row of making a summary among the US6524486B2) for (1) has at first added flocculation agent in algae liquid; (2) feed dissolved air water to produce microbubble (page 4 17～18 among the US6524486B2, page 5 20～21 row); (3) bubble (seeing Fig. 2 c of the present invention, 16) in algae liquid with throw out (seeing Fig. 2 c of the present invention, 17) combination, thereby reduce foam-throw out global density, make throw out arrive liquid level (page 5 25～32 row among the US6524486B2) with the bubble of come-up; (4) float to the foam that contains little algae on the liquid level, promptly bubble-throw out is skimmed (8～11 row of making a summary among the US6524486B2) along overflow port.More than 4 features all identical with the dissolved air flotation feature: dissolved air air supporting method is to make air at suitable pressures, is dissolved in the water, suddenly decompression then, make the suspended particle of flocculation, be attached on the tiny bubble, with bubble float to the water surface on together and blown off (referring to, the horse green hill, Deng, flocculation chemistry and flocculation agent, China Environmental Science Press, 1988, the 161st page).Above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) exists following deficiency: at first, the preparation of dissolved air water needs air dissolved pump or withstand voltage storage tank, and the bubble that present homemade air dissolved pump produces is bigger, the air flotation effect that can not realize ideal, though satisfy the air supporting requirement and import equipment can form minimum microbubble, but cost is higher, and is so method is higher to the specification of quality of microbubble, also higher to equipment requirements; Secondly, the end product of air-dissolving air-float is that above-mentioned foam layer (being bubble-throw out) (Fig. 2 d, the 18) total height that contains little algae is low, is unfavorable for that the moisture content in the throw out flows out, make throw out water content height, become liquid, final foam is skimmed along overflow port has just confirmed this point; Once more, the throw out water content height that obtains still needs a nearlyer step processed.At last, because throw out water content height flows out along overflow port,, need adjusting overflow port and algae liquid liquid level to be consistent, thereby make the complex structure of foam column therefore for throw out is fully flowed out.
Summary of the invention:
Problem to be solved by this invention provide a kind of simple, efficient, energy consumption is low can be used for autotrophy and/or the isolating method of heterotroph microalgae cell.
The inventor is surprisingly found out that, by in little algae suspension, adding special tensio-active agent, in this suspension, charge into bubble then, tiny little algae is accumulated in around the bubble, and the little algae of accumulative floats by means of the low relatively density of bubble, thereby little algae is separated from suspension.The present invention is based on above-mentioned discovery and be accomplished.
Put it briefly, the present invention mainly provides the more specifically item of the following aspects and all respects:
First aspect present invention provides a kind of method of separating little algae from little algae suspension, and it may further comprise the steps:
A) provide the suspension that contains algae;
B) solution of adding tensio-active agent or tensio-active agent in described suspension makes described surfactant dissolves or dispersion;
C) bottom from the suspension of described dissolving tensio-active agent charges into bubble, and bubble is contacted with little algae in uphill process;
D) described little algae is adsorbed on the bubble, comprises the aggregation of bubble and algae with formation;
E) make on the liquid level that floats to this suspension on the described aggregation, form foam layer;
F) collect the foam layer that described aggregation constitutes; With optional
G1) make lather collapse, obtain the algae mud of paste-like;
G2) make the algae mud drying that contains wet part, and/or
G3) remove described wet part algae mud or the tensio-active agent in the exsiccant algae mud of containing.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said step c)～f) is to carry out in little algae tripping device.In one embodiment, described little algae tripping device has each described feature of second aspect present invention.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, the wherein said suspension that contains algae is waterborne suspension.In one embodiment, the described suspension that contains algae is selected from: comprise the suspension, algae culture liquid of algae, have from the culture suspension in little algae pond, from the culture suspension of little algae reactor, from natural length little algae streams water, lake water, ocean water etc., from little algae sepn process handle (for example centrifugal treating, filtration treatment, solvent for example organic solvent handle, or the like) afterwards suspension, and their enriched material or arbitrary composition.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is an ionogenic surfactant.In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is cats product or zwitterionics.In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is a cats product, and it is selected from: C 6-26Alkyl-NH 2, C 6-26Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-NH, C 6-26Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 6-26Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt.In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is a cats product, and it is selected from: C 10-20Alkyl-NH 2, C 10-20Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-NH, C 10-20Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 10-20Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt.In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is a cats product, and it is selected from: C 10-18Alkyl-NH 2, C 10-18Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-NH, C 10-18Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 10-18Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt.In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is a cats product, and it has with following formula I or formula II structure:
Figure G2010100008664D00051
Or R wherein 1Be C independently of one another 6-26Alkyl chain or C 6-26Alkenylene chain (C for example 10-22Alkyl chain or C 10-22Alkenylene chain, for example C 10-20Alkyl chain, for example C 10-18Alkyl chain, for example C 12-18Alkyl chain), R 2, R 3And R4 EachFrom being C independently 1-4Alkyl chain (C for example 1-3Alkyl chain, for example C 1-2Alkyl chain, for example methyl, ethyl), X -It is compatible negatively charged ion (for example fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine ion).In one embodiment, described ionogenic surfactant is a cats product, it is selected from: lauryl amine, tridecyl amine, tetradecylamine, pentadecyl amine, hexadecylamine, heptadecyl amine, octadecylamine, the salt of eicosyl amine, two lauryl amines, di(tridecyl)amine, two tetradecylamines, two pentadecyl amine, double hexadecyl amine, two heptadecyl amine, dioctadecylamine, two eicosyl amine, dodecyl diformazan tertiary amine, dimethyl 12,14 fatty alkyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, bromogeramine, Benzene Chloride is pricked ammonium, CETRIMIDE POWDER, the dodecyl QAE, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and their salt.In one embodiment, described cats product is: an alkali metal salt is sodium salt, sylvite, lithium salts for example, alkaline earth salt is calcium salt, magnesium salts, aluminium salt for example, the salt that the salt that perhaps halid salt for example becomes with fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine particularly becomes with chlorine or bromine.In one embodiment, described cats product is a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.In one embodiment, described tensio-active agent is the dual character ionogenic surfactant, and it is such as but not limited to amino acid type surfactant and betaine type amphoteric surfactant.In one embodiment, described amino acid type surfactant is such as but not limited to: dodecyl amino propionic acid methyl esters, sodium dodecyl aminopropionitrile, the amino sodium diacelate of dodecyl, octadecyl alanine sodium.In one embodiment, described betaine type amphoteric surfactant is such as but not limited to octadecyl dimethyl betaine, dodecyl dihydroxy ethyl trimethyl-glycine, dimethyl empgen BB, dimethyl coco group trimethyl-glycine.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is a bio-surfactant.In one embodiment, described bio-surfactant is to comprise hydrophilic radical and the C that is selected from monose, glycan, amino acid and oligopolymer thereof, carboxyl, phosphate etc. 6-26Fatty acyl chain (C for example 8-22Fatty acyl chain, C 10-20Fatty acyl chain, C 12-20The bio-surfactant of hydrophobic grouping fatty acyl chain).In one embodiment, described bio-surfactant is selected from rhamnolipid, ethylene glycol fat, sophorolipid, marine alga glycolipid.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is that the form with solution joins in little algae suspension, promptly be that tensio-active agent is mixed with concentrated solution, help the operation of each side like this, for example Jia Liao convenience, accuracy, operation convenience etc.In one embodiment, described tensio-active agent is that form with its aqueous solution joins in little algae suspension.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is that the amount with 0.001～100mmol/L adds in the described suspension that contains algae; Preferred add-on is 0.001～10mmol/L or is 0.001～1mmol/L, or be 0.01～100mmol/L or be 0.1～100mmol/L, or be 0.01～10mmol/L or be 0.1～1mmol/L, or be 0.001～0.01mmol/L or be 0.01～0.1mmol/L or be 0.1～1mmol/L or be 1～10mmol/L or be 10～100mmol/L.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, and it is that amount with 0.01～10mmol/L adds in the described suspension that contains algae; Preferred add-on is 0.1～1mmol/L.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein the bubble that charges into from the bottom of the suspension of described dissolving tensio-active agent is to be selected from following gas: air, carbonic acid gas, nitrogen, oxygen, plant gas (for example factory's exhaust gas discharged such as power plant, cement mill, chemical plant) are preferably air.In one embodiment, the diameter of the bubble that the bottom of described suspension from described dissolving tensio-active agent charges into is about 0.01～10mm, be preferably about 0.1～5mm, being preferably about 0.5～3mm, for example is about 0.01～0.1mm, about 0.1～1mm, about 1～2mm, about 2～4mm, about 4～6mm.The speed (or being called aeration quantity) that described bubble fills in little algae suspension can be unrestricted, but can adjust widely according to concrete working condition.Described working condition for example, but be not limited to, the shape and size of kind of the concentration of algae, algae and ratio, used surfactant types and consumption, little algae tripping device and suspension horizontal direction and vertical direction the size for example degree of depth etc., the speed that the treatment time and the suspension of suspension are discharged from little algae tripping device of suspension in described little algae tripping device in the suspension, or the like.In one embodiment, the speed (or being called aeration quantity) that described bubble fills in little algae suspension can be that 1～1000ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 10～100ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 20～80ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 1～10ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 10～50ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 50～100ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 100～200ml/ rises suspension/min, for example be that 200～300ml/ rises suspension/min, for example being that 300～500ml/ rises suspension/min, for example is that 500～1000ml/ rises suspension/min.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein step c) can be unrestricted to suspension inflation and time that bubble is contacted with little algae, but can adjust widely according to concrete working condition.Described working condition for example, but be not limited to, the shape and size of kind of the concentration of algae, algae and ratio, used surfactant types and consumption, little algae tripping device and suspension horizontal direction and vertical direction the size for example degree of depth etc., the speed that the treatment time and the suspension of suspension are discharged from little algae tripping device of suspension in described little algae tripping device in the suspension, or the like.In one embodiment, described step c) can be 10 minutes to 10 days to suspension inflation and time that bubble is contacted with little algae, for example 1 hour to 5 days, for example 2 hours to 2.5 days, for example 3 hours to 2 days, for example 3 hours to 24 hours, for example 5 hours to 12 hours.In one embodiment, described step c) to suspension inflation and time that bubble contact with little algae can be make collecting established foam layer after, newly the foam layer redgreen and/or the suspension layers redgreen of formation.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, the foam layer that constitutes of aggregation described in the step e) wherein, its height is unrestricted with the suspension layers height, but can adjust widely according to concrete working condition.Described working condition for example, but be not limited to, the shape and size of kind of the concentration of algae, algae and ratio, used surfactant types and consumption, little algae tripping device and suspension horizontal direction and vertical direction the size for example degree of depth etc., the speed that the treatment time and the suspension of suspension are discharged from little algae tripping device of suspension in described little algae tripping device in the suspension, or the like.In one embodiment, the foam layer that aggregation described in the described step e) constitutes, its height can be 0.1: 1 to 10: 1 with the suspension layers aspect ratio, for example 0.5: 1 to 10: 1, for example 1: 1 to 10: 1, for example 2: 1 to 10: 1, for example 3: 1 to 10: 1, for example 5: 1 to 10: 1, perhaps for example 0.5: 1 to 7.5: 1, for example 0.5: 1 to 5: 1, for example 0.5: 1 to 2.5: 1, perhaps about 0.5: 1, about 0.75: 1, about 1: 1, about 1.25: 1, about 1.5: 1, about 2: 1, about 2.5: 1, about 3: 1.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, the step f) foam layer and/or the step g 1 of collecting wherein) water content between the frustule that obtains is no more than 20% (wt/wt), preferably be no more than 15% (wt/wt), preferably be no more than 12% (wt/wt), preferably be no more than 10% (wt/wt), preferably be no more than 8% (wt/wt), for example be no more than 10% (wt/wt), be no more than 9% (wt/wt), be no more than 8% (wt/wt), be no more than 7% (wt/wt), be no more than 6% (wt/wt), be no more than 5% (wt/wt), for example about 10% (wt/wt), about 9% (wt/wt), about 8% (wt/wt), about 7% (wt/wt), about 6% (wt/wt), about 5% (wt/wt).
According to each method of first aspect present invention, wherein said little algae or frustule can be autotrophic type frustule, heterotroph frustule or its arbitrary combination.
According to each method of first aspect present invention, it can be to separate little algae incessantly, continuously from little algae suspension, can also be to separate little algae discontinuously, in batch from little algae suspension.According to each method of first aspect present invention, the suspension of wherein having finished lock out operation can be recycled and reused for operating procedures such as little algae cultivation.
Each feature of the above-mentioned first aspect of the present invention is applicable to each of any others of the present invention and any others.
Second aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae tripping device, and it can be used for the described method of separating little algae from little algae suspension of first aspect present invention, also can be used as a cell arrangement and is used for the described little algae separation system of third aspect present invention.
For this reason, second aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae tripping device, and it comprises:
I) separation vessel, its can be used for holding little algae suspension and with the isolating foam layer of this suspension;
Ii) fluid inlet, the top that it is arranged at described separation vessel is used for little algae suspension is imported described separation vessel;
Iii) leakage fluid dram, bottom and/or bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel are used for the little algae suspension through separating treatment is derived from described separation vessel;
Iv) aeration element, bottom and/or bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel are used for carrying bubble to described little algae suspension; With
V) foam is derived parts, is used for discharging from described separation vessel through the foam layer that separating treatment forms from little algae suspension.
Little algae tripping device that each provides according to second aspect present invention, wherein said separation vessel can be the container of Any shape.In one embodiment, described separation vessel is a cylinder bulk containers.Further, this cylindrical container comprise push up, go to the bottom and be arranged at push up and go to the bottom between the bucket wall.In one embodiment, described fluid inlet is arranged at the top of described bucket wall; Preferably, the upwards meter of going to the bottom from the cylinder bulk containers, described fluid inlet be arranged at barrel wall height about 4/8 to less than 8/8 place, be preferably disposed on barrel wall height about 5/8 to less than 8/8 place, be preferably disposed on barrel wall height about 6/8 to less than 8/8 place or about 6/8 to less than 7/8 place or about 7/8 to less than 8/8 place.In one embodiment, described fluid inlet is arranged at more than the liquid level of suspension of conventional lock out operation.In one embodiment, described leakage fluid dram is arranged at the bottom of described bucket wall; Preferably, from the upwards meter of going to the bottom of cylinder bulk containers, described leakage fluid dram is arranged at the about below 2/8 of barrel wall height, is preferably disposed on the about below 1/8 of barrel wall height, or about below 0.5/8.In one embodiment, described leakage fluid dram is arranged at the bottom of described separation vessel.In one embodiment, optional valve and the flow regulator of comprising of described fluid inlet and/or leakage fluid dram is with controlled liq turnover separation vessel or turnover speed.
Little algae tripping device that each provides according to second aspect present invention, the diameter of the bubble that wherein said aeration element charges in little algae suspension is about 0.01～10mm, be preferably about 0.1～5mm, being preferably about 0.5～3mm, for example is about 0.01～0.1mm, about 0.1～1mm, about 1～2mm, about 2～4mm, about 4～6mm.Its aeration speed is applicable to the described feature of first aspect present invention.In one embodiment, described aeration element be arranged at described separation vessel the bottom and preferred near or be resisted against the bottom surface of separation vessel; In the present embodiment, further subscheme is, described aeration element can be aeration tube, aeration post, aeration ball etc., and its material includes but not limited to: metal, plastics, incipient fusion glass, porous ceramics, incipient fusion sand-bed filter, fiber, PVC, PVDF, PE, resin, rubber or the like; In the present embodiment, can be communicated with described aeration element by airway, so that to this aeration element supply gas.In one embodiment, described aeration element is arranged at the bottom of described separation vessel, promptly as this separation vessel go to the bottom or as a part of going to the bottom; In the present embodiment, further subscheme is, described aeration element can be aeration board, aerator disk etc., and its material includes but not limited to: metal, plastics, incipient fusion glass, porous ceramics, incipient fusion sand-bed filter, fiber, PVC, PVDF, PE, resin, rubber, inorganic filter membrane or organic filter membrane or the like; In the present embodiment, because this aeration element is arranged at the bottom of described separation vessel, as this separation vessel go to the bottom or as a part of going to the bottom, thereby a cavity can be set below the bottom surface of described separation vessel, directly supply gas in described this cavity makes gas to enter in the little algae suspension that holds in the separation vessel via the aeration element of this cavity by aeration board, aerator disk.
It is to can be used for the foam layer that forms through separating treatment from little algae suspension is discharged from described separation vessel that little algae tripping device that each provides according to second aspect present invention, wherein said foam are derived parts.In one embodiment, described foam derivation parts are foam delivery lines.In one embodiment, it is foam delivery lines that described foam is derived parts, and it is arranged at the top of described separation vessel, can also be arranged to be similar to above at the described height of fluid inlet.In the present invention, described foam derive parts for example the foam delivery line to be arranged at the separation vessel top be preferred.Along with bubble constantly forms, the bubble layer thickness that forms on suspension layers increases gradually, thus make bubble layer can be automatically from foam derive parts for example the foam delivery line overflow.
Each feature of the above-mentioned second aspect of the present invention is applicable to each of any others of the present invention and any others.
Third aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae separation system, and it can be used for the described method of separating little algae from little algae suspension of first aspect present invention, and it can use as the described little algae tripping device of the second aspect present invention of a cell arrangement.
For this reason, third aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae separation system, and it comprises:
1. little algae suspension supply reservoir is used to supply the little algae suspension that comprises algae and little algae to be separated;
2. tensio-active agent storage tank, it is used for solution from tensio-active agent to described system that preserve and tensio-active agent is provided or is dissolved with;
3. each described little algae tripping device of second aspect present invention is used for making little algae to separate from its suspension;
4. material input block, it is used for pending little algae suspension and tensio-active agent or its solution are input to described little algae tripping device (randomly and/or preferably, before being input to described little algae suspension and tensio-active agent or its solution in little algae tripping device, this material input block can also make little algae suspension and tensio-active agent or its solution mix);
5. gas supply unit, it is used for to described little algae tripping device supply gas, the bubble that gas is charged in little algae suspension via described aeration element;
6. foam holding tank, it is used to collect from the foam of described little algae tripping device derives the foam that parts discharge (randomly and/or preferably, described foam holding tank can also become the place of algae mud for foam provides lather collapse).
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein said little algae suspension supply reservoir includes but not limited to: little algae pond, little algae reactor, little algae cultivation pool, natural streams, lake or ocean etc.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein said tensio-active agent is that the form with solution provides, join little algae suspension or mix being used for little algae suspension, promptly be that tensio-active agent is mixed with concentrated solution, help the operation of each side like this, for example Jia Liao convenience, accuracy, operation convenience etc.In one embodiment, described tensio-active agent is that the form with its aqueous solution provides, and joins little algae suspension or mixes with little algae suspension being used for.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein said material input block is used for pending little algae suspension and tensio-active agent or its solution are input to the fluid inlet of described little algae tripping device.A kind of embodiment of described material input block is to adopt water pump (for example peristaltic pump, piston pump, ram pump, toothed gear pump, spiral pump, vane pump, water-ring pump, impeller pump, propeller pump, mixed, Vortex pump, jet pump are arranged) or utilize potential energy difference etc. to carry various solution or material, can also adopt mixed or add mixing tank that whipping appts is housed etc. with various mixing of materials.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, a kind of embodiment of wherein said gas supply unit is to adopt air pump, air compressor, gas blower etc., for example air, the further bubble that in little algae suspension, charges into via this aeration element of delivering gas in described aeration element.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein also comprise first surface promoting agent removal device.This first surface promoting agent removal device is connected with the leakage fluid dram of described little algae tripping device, the solution that acceptance is discharged from leakage fluid dram after little algae separating treatment, tensio-active agent in this solution is removed, the solution of removing tensio-active agent also can further turn back to little algae suspension supply reservoir, and circulation is used for the cultivation of little algae.In described first surface promoting agent removal device, the method for removing tensio-active agent is well known to a person skilled in the art, its method includes but not limited to: washing, organic solvent wash-out (extraction), bake and bank up with earth or the like.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein also comprise little algae drying plant.This little algae drying plant is accepted from foam in the described foam holding tank or the algae mud after the lather collapse, and with described foam or algae mud drying.Described algae mud or its dry product can be used for follow-up application, for example are used to prepare biofuel or are used for extracting effective components or are used for the deep processing of derived product.
According to each little algae separation system of third aspect present invention, wherein also comprise second surface promoting agent removal device.This second surface promoting agent removal device is connected with described foam holding tank, perhaps be connected with described little algae drying plant, accept the little algae after foam in the foam holding tank or algae mud or drying are handled, the tensio-active agent in this foam or algae mud or the dry little algae is removed.In described second surface promoting agent removal device, the method for removing tensio-active agent is well known to a person skilled in the art, its method includes but not limited to: washing, organic solvent wash-out (extraction), bake and bank up with earth or the like.
Each feature of the above-mentioned third aspect of the present invention is applicable to each of any others of the present invention and any others.
Further, the present invention also can be according to the method for first aspect present invention, the device of second aspect and little algae that system obtained or little algae derived prods of the third aspect.
For this reason, fourth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae, and it is obtained by each described method of first aspect present invention.Perhaps, fourth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae, wherein contains the tensio-active agent of the acceptable amount of industrial application, and described tensio-active agent is as first aspect present invention definition as described in each.Perhaps, fourth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae, it is obtained by each described method of first aspect present invention, and contains the tensio-active agent of the acceptable amount of industrial application in this little algae, and described tensio-active agent is as first aspect present invention definition as described in each.
Fifth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae derived prods, and it is made by little algae that each described method of first aspect present invention obtains.Perhaps, fifth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae derived prods, wherein contains the tensio-active agent of the acceptable amount of industrial application, and described tensio-active agent is as first aspect present invention definition as described in each.Perhaps, fifth aspect present invention provides a kind of little algae derived prods, it is made by little algae that each described method of first aspect present invention obtains, and the tensio-active agent that contains the acceptable amount of industrial application in this little algae derived prods, described tensio-active agent is as first aspect present invention definition as described in each.Further, described little algae derived prods is such as but not limited to biofuel, aviation kerosene, little algae oil, ethanol, biogas, microalgae extract, food, foodstuff additive, feed, fodder additives etc.
The present invention adopts foamet to collect microalgae cell, and its suitability is wide, and all kinds of microalgae cells generally are suitable for.Especially small for cell, cell walls is abundant, the settleability extreme difference, and all the eyelid of its efficient recovery can not be intended the microballoon algae with the foamet that directly reclaims composition in the born of the same parents behind traditional filtration, centrifugal, sedimentation and the smudge cells.Owing to do not destroy the microalgae cell wall, the microalgae cell of collecting is complete, and composition does not flow out in the born of the same parents.The gas that feeds can be air, does not exist to prevent problem of oxidation.Lower in the foamet to the bubble size requirements that blasts, about general 2mm all can, all can realize with the general sand filtration sheet or the sieve plate that punches.
Be further described with characteristics to various aspects of the present invention below.
All documents that the present invention quoted from, their full content is incorporated this paper by reference into, and if the expressed implication of these documents and the present invention when inconsistent, be as the criterion with statement of the present invention.In addition, various terms and phrase that the present invention uses have the general sense of well known to a person skilled in the art, nonetheless, the present invention still wishes at this more detailed description and interpretation to be made in these terms and phrase, term of mentioning and phrase are as the criterion with the implication that the present invention was explained if any inconsistent with known implication.
As used herein, term " algae ", " little algae ", " frustule " and " microalgae cell " etc. do not indicate in addition as having, and their implication is identical, and promptly they can exchange use.
As used herein, term " C 6-26Alkyl " be meant to have the alkyl that specifies number carbon atom, it can be the alkyl of straight or branched, preferably straight chained alkyl.Term " C 6-26Alkyl chain ", " C 6-26Alkenylene chain " or " C 1-4Alkyl chain " also have an implication similarly.
As used herein, term " compatible negatively charged ion " be meant with can with any negatively charged ion of described quaternary ammonium ion group paired, for example halide-ions enumerated of this paper.
As used herein, term " bio-surfactant " is meant by microorganism under certain culture condition, oozy in its metabolic process have an active meta-bolites of certain surface, their molecular structure mainly is made up of two portions: a part is the hydrophilic polar group of oleophobic, as monose, glycan, phosphate etc.; The non-polar group that another part is made up of hydrophobic lipophilic hydrocarbon chain is as saturated or unsaturated Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18) and lipid acid etc.Hydrophobic group is generally fatty acyl chain, and the polarity hydrophilic group then has various ways, as the ester or the alcohol functional group of neutral fat.Can be divided into following five big classes according to its constructional feature: (1) is the glycolipid of hydrophilic group with sugar; (2) with low-shrinkage amino acid be hydrophilic group contain the amino acid lipoid; (3) with the phosphate be the phosphatide of hydrophilic group; (4) with the carboxyl be the lipid acid of hydrophilic group; (5) in conjunction with the polymkeric substance of polysaccharide, protein and fat.According to a preferred version of the present invention.Described bio-surfactant is to comprise hydrophilic radical and the C that is selected from monose, glycan, amino acid and oligopolymer thereof, carboxyl, phosphate etc. 6-26Fatty acyl chain (C for example 8-22Fatty acyl chain, C 10-20Fatty acyl chain, C 12-20The bio-surfactant of hydrophobic grouping fatty acyl chain).For example use always: rhamnolipid, ethylene glycol fat, sophorolipid, marine alga glycolipid etc., they are preferred for the present invention.The present invention adopts the bio-surfactant that can degrade voluntarily, can help the following process and the utilization of microalgae cell.The further information of bio-surfactant can be referring to " Zhang Tiansheng, etc., bio-surfactant and application thereof, Chemical Industry Press, in March, 2005 ", and its full content is incorporated this paper by reference into.
As used herein, phrase " tensio-active agent is that the amount with 0.001～100mmol/L adds in the described suspension that contains algae " be point to add tensio-active agent in the described suspension that contains algae and make this surfactant dissolves or be mixed after, the concentration of tensio-active agent in this suspension is 0.001～100mmol/L.
As used herein; phrase " diameter of the bubble that the bottom of described suspension from described dissolving tensio-active agent charges into is about 0.01～10mm " is meant the bubble size that characterizes with diameter; because in the process that bubble rises in liquid; it is big that its diameter can become usually to some extent; therefore; in this article; described diameter preferably finger to be bordering on suspension bottom be the bubble size at bubble generation place; the size of bubble can be passed through appearance method; or microscopic observation method; the method of taking pictures; infra-red method; NMR imaging methods etc. obtain, and perhaps measure according to other method well known by persons skilled in the art to obtain.
As used herein, term " separation vessel " in this article, also can be described as foam separating tower, foam column, foam column main body etc.
As used herein, term " tensio-active agent of the acceptable amount of industrial application " is meant the amount of tensio-active agent, it retains in described little algae or the little algae derived prods, and its amount retained is industrial acceptable, for example trace, residual volume, residual quantity, trace or the like.This amount is acceptable and can not cause disadvantageous effect to subsequent applications or product in subsequent applications or product.For example described little algae is during as foodstuff additive, the amount of tensio-active agent wherein unlikely to animal for example the people produce adverse influence or rational interests/risk ratio arranged.
As used herein, term " water content between frustule " is meant formed algae mud after the foam separated or the lather collapse, the moisture content between its frustule, the i.e. water content the moisture content in cell from the inventive method.
As used herein, phrase " combination of bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae triplicity " is meant the aggregation that bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae three forms, and perhaps is meant the bubble that is carrying frustule.
The present invention adopts foam separating technology, it is according to the surface adsorption principle, by bubbling solute optionally is adsorbed on the liquid-gas interface, and rises to the foam layer that solute is rich in the formation of liquid phase main body top, finally collect the separation and Extraction that foam can be realized solute with bubble.This method is used for the flotation of mineral the earliest, is used for the glairy recovery of surfactant more, is particularly useful for the extraction of trace substance in the solution.Because the microalgae cell surface generally has negative charge, and after the water-soluble generation ionization of its molecule of cats product, the hydrophilic group that links to each other with hydrophobic group is positively charged.When bubble formation, the hydrophobic group of tensio-active agent is exposed in the interior gas of bubble, and hydrophilic group is distributed in bubble surface and be exposed to the liquid phase main body, can combine with electronegative microalgae cell.Therefore, can in the foam separation process, utilize the characteristic of cats product, collect the microalgae cell in the solution.
The method that the present invention collects little algae by foam separation has tangible advantage, it need not broken microalgae cell, in microalgae cell suspension, add tensio-active agent (for example cationic), employing by tower at the bottom of the ventilation bubbling, collection is entrained with the foam of microalgae cell, and then obtain microalgae cell, generally suitable for the collection of most microalgae cells.Separation efficiency height and the frustule intercellular water content that obtains can reach about below 6%.Do not destroy the microalgae cell wall, the microalgae cell of collecting is complete, and composition does not flow out in the born of the same parents.Lower in the foamet to the bubble size requirements that blasts, all can realize about general 2mm, all can realize with the general sand filtration sheet or the sieve plate that punches.Foam layer height and height of liquid layer can be greater than 1: 1, and the bubble that is adsorbed with little algae in the process that foam layer rises coalescence takes place, and sufficient drain time is arranged, thereby make between the microalgae cell of finally collecting water content extremely low, become the mud shape.End product becomes the mud shape, thus do not need a nearly step dehydration, but convection drying.Be loaded with in the foam layer of frustule foam and all can pour out pipe along foam and flow out, do not need to regulate and pour out the pipe height, foam column is simple in structure, is convenient to amplify, and is easy to be implemented in the industrialization and uses.The whole process power consumption of the inventive method is few, only needs the gas transmission bubbling.In a word, compare with existing little algae collection method, the microalgae cell iuntercellular liquid content of have the organic efficiency height simultaneously concurrently, energy consumption is low, equipment is simple, be easy to the industrialization amplification, collecting is low, but convection drying, for the blanket advantage of various little algaes.As seen, the inventive method lower, economical to equipment requirements, be beneficial to and amplify produce and commercial application.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 shows foam separation device synoptic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows the synoptic diagram of foam separation device when carrying out foam separation according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 (a) shows the synoptic diagram of bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae triplicity.
Fig. 2 (b) shows tensio-active agent and microalgae cell bonded synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 c separates the synoptic diagram of the method for microalgae cell with the air supporting method that Fig. 2 d shows prior art from water.
Fig. 3 has illustrated the inventive method in the mode of schema and the working process of little algae tripping device of being adopted.
Fig. 4 shows each necessary unit or option unit of the little algae separation system of the present invention, and annexation between each unit and workflow.
The main Reference numeral that the present invention uses is summarized as follows:
1, foam delivery line 18, throw out layer
2, foam column top cover 19, liquid layer
3, foam column main body 20, little algae suspension supply reservoir
4, leakage fluid dram 21, tensio-active agent storage tank
5, core sheet 22, foam separating tower
6, at the bottom of the foam Tata 23, foam holding tank
7, ventage 24, drying plant
8, fluid inlet 25, removal of surfactant jar
9, liquid level 26, air pump
10, foam layer 27, water pump
11, liquid layer 28, feed supplement jar
12, bubble 29,30, and 31,33,37,38, valve
13, microalgae cell 32, gas meter
14, the hydrophilic group 34 of tensio-active agent, in/the end product storage tank
15, the hydrophobic group 35 of tensio-active agent, biodiesel manufacture technology
16, microbubble 36, extracts active ingredients process for refining
17, frustule throw out
Embodiment:
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing detailed description and embodiment/test example, but, should be understood to, these accompanying drawings describe in detail and embodiment/test example is only used for the more detailed usefulness that specifically describes, and are used for limiting in any form the present invention and should not be construed as.
The present invention carries out generality and/or concrete description to the material and the test method that are used in the test.Though for realizing that employed many materials of the object of the invention and working method are well known in the art, the present invention still does to describe in detail as far as possible at this.It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that hereinafter, if do not specify that material therefor of the present invention and working method are well known in the art.
1, method of the present invention, device and principle of work
Referring to Fig. 1, wherein show foam separation device synoptic diagram according to an embodiment of the invention, it comprises i) separation vessel, also can be described as foam column main body (3) in this article, its can be used for holding little algae suspension and with the isolating foam layer of this suspension; Ii) fluid inlet (8), the top that it is arranged at described separation vessel is used for little algae suspension is imported described separation vessel; Iii) leakage fluid dram (4), bottom and/or bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel are used for the little algae suspension through separating treatment is derived from described separation vessel; Iv) the aeration element is core sheet (5) in the present embodiment, and the bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel is used for carrying bubble to described little algae suspension; V) foam delivery line (1), the top that it is arranged at described separation vessel is used for and will discharges from described separation vessel through the foam layer that separating treatment forms from little algae suspension.In the present embodiment, adopt the bottom surface of core sheet (5) as foam column main body (3), at the bottom of below this core sheet (5), can also being provided with the foam Tata (6), a kind of simple and effectively to be provided be that core sheet (5) is clamped at the bottom of foam column main body (3) and the foam Tata between (6), the bottom of (6) also can be provided with a ventage (7) at the bottom of this foam Tata, gas enters (6) at the bottom of the foam Tata from ventage (7), by described core sheet (5), and then realize aeration in little algae suspension.
Further referring to Fig. 2, wherein show the synoptic diagram of foam separation device when carrying out foam separation according to an embodiment of the invention, the liquid layer of wherein little algae suspension (11) occupies about 5/8 volume of foam column main body, more than the liquid level (9) foam layer (10), along with inflation continues to carry out, the tensio-active agent tendency is gathered in bubble surface, and make bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae three form aggregation by the interaction of tensio-active agent and little algae, described aggregation is floated to more than the liquid level of suspension on by means of the low density of bubble, the foam layer that described aggregation constitutes, along with the increase gradually of foam layer, foam can be discharged from foam delivery line (1).
Further from microcosmic and by explaining principle of the present invention against existing technologies.Referring to Fig. 2 (a), it shows the synoptic diagram of bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae triplicity, wherein around bubble (12), because capillary effect, make the tensio-active agent comprise water-wet side and hydrophobic side be looped around bubble (12) around, the hydrophobic side of tensio-active agent is towards bubble (12) (being gas phase, discontinuous phase), the water-wet side of tensio-active agent is outwards towards little algae suspension (being water, external phase); Be surrounded by outside the bubble of tensio-active agent, because the water-wet side lotus positive electricity of tensio-active agent, the water-wet side of this lotus positive electricity can further combine with the microalgae cell of common bear electricity, thus form bubble-tensio-active agent-little algae triplicity combination.In more detail, Fig. 2 (b) shows tensio-active agent and microalgae cell bonded synoptic diagram, wherein tensio-active agent comprises positively charged hydrophilic group (14) one ends and hydrophobic group (15) one ends, and positively charged hydrophilic group (14) one ends of tensio-active agent combine with general electronegative microalgae cell (13).
By contrast, Fig. 2 c and Fig. 2 d show prior art for example the disclosed air supporting method of U.S. Pat 6 524486 B2 from water, separate the synoptic diagram of the method for microalgae cell.Among the figure, in little algae suspension, tiny microbubble (16) combines with the frustule throw out (17) that little algae flocculation is obtained, thereby reduce foam-throw out global density, make this throw out (17) in the liquid layer (19) of little algae suspension, arrive liquid level with bubble floating, form throw out layer (18) at liquid level, this throw out layer (18) overflows along the outlet (being overflow port) of flotation tower.From above-mentioned principle schematic as seen, the frustule throw out that the method for prior art obtains will contain a large amount of moisture, need further carry out can carrying out drying after the processed.This hereinafter among the result of contrast experiment's example also as can be seen.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b), in an exemplary fashion the inventive method and apparatus of the present invention are further described.A kind of method of collecting microalgae cell from the suspension of microalgae cell provided by the invention, its implementation procedure is as follows: add tensio-active agent in microalgae cell suspension, fully stir and leave standstill.Via (6) ventage (7) bubbling air in tower at the bottom of foam column (Fig. 1) tower.Again microalgae cell suspension and the surfactant mixtures fluid inlet (8) by foam column (Fig. 1) is injected in the foam column, liquid level is lower than foam column (Fig. 1) fluid inlet (8), and liquid level (9) is with foam column main body (3) separated into two parts: epimere is that foam layer (10), hypomere are liquid layer (11).Regulate and feed gas flow, along with the continuous feeding bubble of gas passes liquid layer (11), tensio-active agent hydrophobic group (15) stretches into bubble inside, hydrophilic group (14) is distributed in the bubble outside surface and is exposed in the liquid phase and combines with frustule (13) by electrostatic effect that (Fig. 2 a) is finally carrying the bubble (12) of frustule (13) and assembling at foam layer (10).Bubble is in foam column foam layer (10) uphill process, and the continuous coalescence of small bubbles forms air pocket, and the interstitial fluid between bubble is along under the bubble flow simultaneously, thereby has reduced the water content between the frustule of finally collecting.And this process provides chance for frustule (13) with the combining of tensio-active agent hydrophilic group (14) of bubble surface once more, thereby improves the frustule rate of recovery (especially in the sepn process later stage, under the situation that frustule concentration is extremely low in the liquid layer (11)).The foam layer foam top is green in the tower, and liquid content is few between foam.The top layer foam flows into specified containers along foam delivery line (1).If under (for example preferable range or optimum range) tensio-active agent add-on of OK range, foam can break after flowing into specified containers automatically.If the amount of the tensio-active agent that adds is greater or less than (for example preferable range or optimum range) addition of OK range, effusive foam can be more stable, be not easy to break voluntarily, then can adopt mechanical stirring or adding minute quantity defoamer and/or bubble be broken in conjunction with stirring, finally obtain the microalgae cell of liquid content few (mud shape), i.e. the present invention is the algae mud of paste-like.In the present embodiment, foam layer (10) height can be greater than 1: 2 with the ratio of liquid layer (11) height, and the bubble that is adsorbed with little algae in the process that foam layer rises polymerization takes place, and sufficient drain time is arranged, thereby make between the microalgae cell of finally collecting water content extremely low, become the mud shape.Because this process end product becomes the mud shape, thus do not need a nearly step dehydration, but convection drying has been simplified technology.In addition, the middle foam of foam layer (10) that is loaded with frustule all can flow out along foam delivery line (1), do not need as prior art (for example shown in US 6 524 486 B2), to regulate the delivery line height, foam column is simple in structure, be convenient to realize amplifying produce, be easy to be implemented in the industrialization and use.In addition, the whole process power consumption of the inventive method is few, and major impetus consumption is the gas transmission bubbling.In a word, compare with existing little algae collection method, the microalgae cell iuntercellular liquid content of have the organic efficiency height simultaneously concurrently, energy consumption is low, equipment is simple, be easy to the industrialization amplification, collecting is low, but convection drying has blanket advantage for various little algaes.
In addition, in Fig. 3, illustrated the inventive method and the working process of little algae tripping device of being adopted in the mode of schema.Wherein, at first provide microalgae cell suspension (nutrient solution or collect from occurring in nature; Can be autotrophic type or heterotroph); Microalgae cell suspension is mixed with tensio-active agent; In foam column, ventilate again, and above-mentioned mixed solution is injected foam column, the beginning foam separation; Collection is derived the foam layer (being thick mud shape) that parts (being the foam delivery line) are discharged from foam.Can easily realize the present invention by above simple process.
2, little algae separation system of the present invention
Referring to Fig. 4, wherein show each necessary unit or option unit of the little algae separation system of the present invention, and annexation between each unit and workflow.
As shown in the figure, little algae suspension supply reservoir (20, it can be little algae pond, little algae reactor etc.) in little algae suspension carry to foam separating tower (22) by water pump (27), tensio-active agent storage tank (21) valve (29) of flowing through is also carried to foam separating tower (22), described tensio-active agent and little algae suspension are entering foam separating tower (22) in advance through mixing, and enter foam separating tower (22) at tensio-active agent and little algae suspension and can control operation or conditions such as its flow, flow velocity, beginning with valve (37) before.In addition, one feed supplement jar (28) can also be set, so that under the situation of circulation operate continuously, can replenish material to little algae suspension supply reservoir (20), can be provided with between feed supplement jar (28) and the little algae suspension supply reservoir (20) valve for example valve (38) with the red-tape operati flow process.Air charges into foam separating tower (22) through air pump (26), the bubble (not shown) that charges in little algae suspension by the aeration element in the foam separating tower (22).Can be connected valve (30) and gas meter (32) between air pump (26) and the foam separating tower (22) (or its aeration element), so that pilot-gas enters operation or conditions such as the flow, flow velocity, beginning of foam separating tower (22).Treated liquid is discharged by leakage fluid dram in foam separating tower (22), directly imports little algae suspension supply reservoir (20) for recycling.Perhaps, treated liquid imports to removal of surfactant jar (25) after discharging by leakage fluid dram, in this jar, remove the tensio-active agent in the liquid, and then the solution through removing tensio-active agent is drained into little algae suspension supply reservoir (20) for recycling.Perhaps above-mentioned process or the liquid of handling without removal of surfactant can directly be discharged to other water drain, for example directly are drained in the environment under satisfying the situation of environmental safety.Treated liquid is discharged and optional removing in the tensio-active agent treating processes in foam separating tower (22), valve for example valve (31), valve (33) can be set, with the red-tape operati flow process.The accumulative foam is discharged by the foam export mouth after treatment in foam separating tower (22), enters foam holding tank (23), and the algae mud of collecting in this foam holding tank (23) can be chosen wantonly and enter drying plant (24), makes algae mud drying.During dry little algae or undried algae mud can be kept at temporarily/end product storage tank (24), so that supply raw materials for follow-up other deep processing or utilization, for example should the little algae of drying or undried algae mud enter biodiesel manufacture technology (35) or extracts active ingredients process for refining (36), perhaps prepare for example food of other derived prods.
Further specify the principle of operation of the little algae separation system of the present invention with reference to figure 4.At first, open air pump (26) to foam column knockout tower (22) bubbling air, via gas meter (32) adjustments of gas flow velocity; Then, utilize water pump (27) with little algae suspension supply reservoir (for example little algae pond/little algae reactor, 20) the algae liquid of certain volume is squeezed into foam separating tower (22) in, by valve (37) control algae liquid inflow velocity in foam column, open valve (29) simultaneously, make the middle certain volume tensio-active agent of tensio-active agent storage tank (21) slowly flow into foam column (22), with algae liquid thorough mixing; Adjustments of gas under meter (32) makes the foam mat drying that arrives cat head stable; The foam that is loaded with microalgae cell enters foam holding tank (23), if foam can not break voluntarily and can add a small amount of defoamer froth breaking, the mixture of organic solvent or itself and an amount of (for example a small amount of) water can be housed in the foam holding tank (23), (organic solvent is an ethanol in the present embodiment for organic solvent or water-containing organic solvent, decyl alcohol, the method of removing tensio-active agent with organic solvent can remove the treated liquid of discharging from the leakage fluid dram of little algae tripping device by those skilled in the art's existing knowledge and experience herein) can be used for extracting the tensio-active agent that is wrapped in the frustule surface, the frustule that removes tensio-active agent is stayed water, can obtain exsiccant algae powder after the frustule drying equipment (24) that removes tensio-active agent is handled, place/end product storage tank (34); The algae powder can be directly as the finished product, or according to the composition characteristics of algae powder own, prepare nutritious prod etc. through biodiesel manufacture technology (35) preparation biofuel or through the effective ingredient extraction and purification process.When treating that algae liquid is colourless in the foam column, Open valve (31) enters removal of surfactant jar (25) with waste liquid (containing micro-tensio-active agent) in the foam column (22), in the removal of surfactant jar (25) a small amount of organic solvent is housed and is used for removing the waste liquid residual surfactant; The waste water that Open valve (33) will remove tensio-active agent enters in little algae pond/little algae reactor (20) with recycle, opens feed supplement tank valve (38) simultaneously and mend the required nutritive substance of algae growth in a subtle way in little algae pond/little algae reactor (20).But this technology is batchwise operation both, but also operate continuously.According to system of the present invention, in can removing/tensio-active agent in end product and the foam column waste liquid, avoided the tensio-active agent that adds disadvantageous effect to product and waste water recycling.
In addition, can also use to have no side effect/food grade/bio-surfactant/tensio-active agent that can degrade voluntarily, avoid the tensio-active agent that adds disadvantageous effect product and waste water recycling.It also can be described specific operation process with reference to figure 4.The tensio-active agent that has no side effect as if using/food grade/bio-surfactant/can degrade voluntarily then can omit and install 26 among Fig. 4, and needn't refill organic solvent or water-containing organic solvent in the foam holding tank (23).At first, open air pump (26) to foam column knockout tower (22) bubbling air, via gas meter (32) adjustments of gas flow velocity; Then, utilize water pump (27) that the algae liquid of certain volume in little algae pond/little algae reactor (20) is squeezed into foam separating tower (22), control the speed that algae liquid flows into by valve (37) in foam column, open valve (29) simultaneously, make the tensio-active agent of certain volume in the tensio-active agent storage tank (21)/amount slowly flow into foam column (22), with algae liquid thorough mixing; Adjustments of gas under meter (32) makes the foam mat drying that arrives cat head stable; The foam that is loaded with microalgae cell enters foam holding tank (23), if foam can not break voluntarily, then can add a small amount of defoamer froth breaking, mud shape that obtains or muddy frustule drying equipment (24) can obtain exsiccant algae powder after handling, and place/end product storage tank (34); The algae powder can be directly as the finished product, or according to the composition characteristics of algae powder own, prepare nutritious prod etc. through biodiesel manufacture technology (35) preparation biofuel or through the effective ingredient extraction and purification process.When treating that algae liquid is colourless in the foam column, Open valve (31) (contains micro-tensio-active agent with waste liquid in the foam column (22), but toxicological harmless) directly enter in little algae pond/little algae reactor (20), open feed supplement tank valve (38) simultaneously and in little algae pond/little algae reactor (20), mend the required nutritive substance of algae growth in a subtle way with recycle.But this technology is batchwise operation both, but also operate continuously.
3, little algae lock out operation test of the present invention
In one embodiment of the invention, implement the inventive method with breadboard scale and verify the practicality of the little algae tripping device of the present invention.Testing used foam column is that synthetic glass processes.External diameter 5cm, internal diameter 4cm, high 60cm.Adopt the electromagnetic air pump to foam column bottom bubbling air, insert switch, the agent of rotor flow and air filter (it is nonessential, can be determined on a case-by-case basis) between pneumatic pump and the foam column successively.
Get 0.5 liter of eyelid and intend microballoon frustule suspension, wherein cell concn is 2.225*10 after the blood counting plate is measured 7Individual/milliliter.To wherein adding 68 milligrams of CTAB (cetyl trimethylammonium bromide), be stirred well to CTAB and fully dissolve, left standstill 15 minutes.Open valve between electromagnetic air pump and foam column and pneumatic pump via foam column (Fig. 1) tower at the bottom of (6) ventage (7) bubbling air in tower, regulating and being serially connected at the bottom of electromagnetic air pump and the tower spinner-type flowmeter to the ventilation flow rate between ventage is 5ml/min (infiltrating (6) at the bottom of the foam Tata along core sheet (5) to prevent microalgae cell suspension).Again the above-mentioned microalgae cell suspension of part and surfactant mixtures are injected foam column (Fig. 1) by the fluid inlet (8) of foam column (Fig. 1), liquid is high 35 centimetres, and promptly foam layer (10) highly is that 25 centimetres, liquid layer (11) degree of depth are 35 centimetres.Regulate spinner-type flowmeter, keep feeding that gas speed be 30ml/min in the tower, the foam at foam layer top is green and drying (water content is low), breaks automatically after the effusive foam of cat head foam delivery line (1) is to the beaker.Treat that sepn process stops by effusive foam redgreen in the foam delivery line (1) and liquid layer (11) clarification redgreen.Little algae in the beaker after the enrichment is the mud shape, intercellular water content about 6%.The whole process frustule rate of recovery reaches 97.6%.
4, other test of little algae lock out operation
With reference to this paper " 3, little algae lock out operation of the present invention test " experimental installation and algae liquid and the method that wherein provides, the listed condition of according to the form below is tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
The experiment sequence number Tensio-active agent Dosage of surfactant (mmol/L) Foam layer height/height of liquid layer Bubble size (mm) Gas speed ＊ The iuntercellular water content The frustule yield
1 Brocide (CPB) 0.5 1∶1 1 70 5％ 98.6％
2 Bromotetradecane yl pyridines (TPB) 0.3 1∶2 2 100 9％ 94.1％
*Gas speed, unit is: ml/ rises suspension/min.
With reference to above " the horse green hill; etc.; flocculation chemistry and flocculation agent; China Environmental Science Press; 1988, the 161st page " the air supporting method that provides, experiment algae liquid and this paper " 3, little algae lock out operation of the present invention test " are identical, the listed condition of according to the form below is tested, and the results are shown in Table 2 with gained simultaneously:
Table 2
The experiment sequence number Flocculation agent The flocculation agent consumption The bubble size Gas speed ＊ The iuntercellular water content The frustule yield
1 Aluminum chloride 0.2mmol/L 2mm 100 45％ 90％
*Gas speed, unit is: ml/ rises suspension/min.
The advantage of little algae lock out operation of the present invention according to the present invention above example describe in detail and become obvious.Specifically, need not smudge cells in the whole collection process, intracellular grease, nutritive substance remain in the cell, can be not oxidized in sepn process, and cell rate of recovery height, thereby improved the intracellular organic matter rate of recovery.The mode suitability that the present invention collects little algae is wide, and most microalgae cells generally are suitable for.Especially eyelid intends that the microballoon phycobiont is extremely small for being similar to, density and water like, utilize traditional centrifugal/the little algae of several classes that modes such as filtration still can not effectively be collected, this kind collection mode more can show advantage.In addition, the inventive method is lower to the bubble size requirements that blasts, and bubble diameter is about 1～2mm in the present embodiment, is achieved with general core sheet, so method is lower to equipment requirements, economy is easy to amplify, and mass-producing is used.In implementing process of the present invention, foam layer height and height of liquid layer can be adsorbed with bubble coalescence in the process that foam layer rises of little algae greater than 5: 7, and sufficient drain time is arranged, thereby make between the microalgae cell of finally collecting water content about 6%, one-tenth mud shape.Because this process end product becomes mud shape (iuntercellular water content about 6%), thus do not need further dehydration, but convection drying has been simplified technology.Be loaded with that foam all can flow out along the foam delivery line in the foam layer of frustule, delivery line is fixed in cat head, need not regulate height, and foam column is simple in structure, is convenient to amplify, and is easy to be implemented in the industrialization and uses.The equipment of realizing the inventive method is simple, and energy consumption is low, is easy to industrialization and amplifies.And the frustule intercellular water content that is separated to is extremely low, has reduced follow-up drying process treatment capacity.In addition, if necessary, can utilize the difference of tensio-active agent solubleness in different solvents of adding, or the characteristic of tensio-active agent itself (as decomposition temperature), remove the tensio-active agent that iuntercellular is carried secretly.In addition,, also the bio-surfactant that to degrade voluntarily be can adopt, the following process and the utilization of microalgae cell are beneficial to according to the present invention.It is obvious adopting the advantage of the bio-surfactant that can degrade voluntarily in the present invention, the microalgae cell of for example separating can be directly used in follow-up processing without the process of removing tensio-active agent, and the liquid of (not the containing microalgae cell) after separating treatment of being discharged by tripping device does not need directly to enter little algae suspension supply reservoir with recycle through removing the tensio-active agent process yet.

Claims (14)

1. separate the method for little algae from little algae suspension, it may further comprise the steps:
A) provide the suspension that contains algae;
B) solution of adding tensio-active agent or tensio-active agent in described suspension makes described surfactant dissolves or dispersion;
C) bottom from the suspension of described dissolving tensio-active agent charges into bubble, and bubble is contacted with little algae in uphill process;
D) described little algae is adsorbed on the bubble, comprises the aggregation of bubble and algae with formation;
E) make on the liquid level that floats to this suspension on the described aggregation, form foam layer;
F) collect the foam layer that described aggregation constitutes; With optional
G1) make lather collapse, obtain the algae mud of paste-like;
G2) make the algae mud drying that contains wet part, and/or
G3) remove described wet part algae mud or the tensio-active agent in the exsiccant algae mud of containing.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the described suspension that contains algae is waterborne suspension.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described tensio-active agent is an ionogenic surfactant, preferably cats product or zwitterionics.
4. according to the method for claim 3, wherein said tensio-active agent is selected from:
C 6-26Alkyl-NH 2, C 6-26Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-NH, C 6-26Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 6-26Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 6-26Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt;
C 10-20Alkyl-NH 2, C 10-20Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-NH, C 10-20Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 10-20Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 10-20Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt;
C 10-18Alkyl-NH 2, C 10-18Alkyl-NH (CH 3), (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-NH, C 10-18Alkyl-N (CH 3) 2, (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-N (CH 3), C 10-18Alkyl-N +(CH 3) 3, and (C 10-18Alkyl) 2-N +(CH 3) 2And their salt;
Have compound with following formula I or formula II structure:
Figure F2010100008664C00021
Or
Figure F2010100008664C00022
R wherein 1Be C independently of one another 6-26Alkyl chain or C 6-26Alkenylene chain (C for example 10-22Alkyl chain or C 10-22Alkenylene chain, for example C 10-20Alkyl chain, for example C 10-18Alkyl chain, for example C 12-18Alkyl chain), R 2, R 3And R 4Be C independently of one another 1-4Alkyl chain (C for example 1-3Alkyl chain, for example C 1-2Alkyl chain, for example methyl, ethyl), X -It is compatible negatively charged ion (for example fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine ion); Or
Lauryl amine, tridecyl amine, tetradecylamine, pentadecyl amine, hexadecylamine, heptadecyl amine, octadecylamine, the salt of eicosyl amine, two lauryl amines, di(tridecyl)amine, two tetradecylamines, two pentadecyl amine, double hexadecyl amine, two heptadecyl amine, dioctadecylamine, two eicosyl amine, dodecyl diformazan tertiary amine, dimethyl 12,14 fatty alkyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, bromogeramine, Benzene Chloride is pricked ammonium, CETRIMIDE POWDER, the dodecyl QAE, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and their salt.
5. according to the method for claim 3, wherein said tensio-active agent is a bio-surfactant; For example be to comprise hydrophilic radical and the C that is selected from monose, glycan, amino acid and oligopolymer thereof, carboxyl, phosphate etc. 6-26Fatty acyl chain (C for example 8-22Fatty acyl chain, C 10-20Fatty acyl chain, C 12-20The bio-surfactant of hydrophobic grouping fatty acyl chain); For example described bio-surfactant is selected from rhamnolipid, ethylene glycol fat, sophorolipid, marine alga glycolipid.
6. according to each method of claim 1 to 5, wherein said tensio-active agent is that the amount with 0.001～100mmol/L adds in the described suspension that contains algae.
7. according to each method of claim 1 to 6, wherein said tensio-active agent is a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, and it is that amount with 0.01～10mmol/L adds in the described suspension that contains algae; Preferred add-on is 0.1～1mmol/L.
8. according to each method of claim 1 to 7, the diameter of the bubble that the bottom of described suspension from described dissolving tensio-active agent charges into is about 0.01～10mm, about 0.1～5mm, about 0.5～3mm, about 0.01～0.1mm, about 0.1～1mm, about 1～2mm, about 2～4mm or about 4～6mm.
9. according to each method of claim 1 to 8, the foam layer that aggregation described in the described step e) constitutes, its height can be 0.1: 1 to 10: 1 or 0.5: 1 to 10: 1 or 1: 1 to 10: 1 or 2: 1 to 10: 1 or 3: 1 to 10: 1 or 5: 1 to 10: 1 with the suspension layers aspect ratio, perhaps 0.5: 1 to 7.5: 1 or 0.5: 1 to 5: 1 or 0.5: 1 to 2.5: 1.
10. according to each method of claim 1 to 9, the step f) foam layer and/or the step g 1 of collecting wherein) water content between the frustule that obtains is no more than 20% (wt/wt) or is no more than 15% (wt/wt) or is no more than 12% (wt/wt) or is no more than 10% (wt/wt) or is no more than 8% (wt/wt) or is no more than 6% (wt/wt).
11. a little algae tripping device, it comprises:
I) separation vessel, its can be used for holding little algae suspension and with the isolating foam layer of this suspension;
Ii) fluid inlet, the top that it is arranged at described separation vessel is used for little algae suspension is imported described separation vessel;
Iii) leakage fluid dram, bottom and/or bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel are used for the little algae suspension through separating treatment is derived from described separation vessel;
Iv) aeration element, bottom and/or bottom that it is arranged at described separation vessel are used for carrying bubble to described little algae suspension; With
V) foam is derived parts, is used for discharging from described separation vessel through the foam layer that separating treatment forms from little algae suspension.
12., it is characterized in that with the next item down or multinomial according to little algae tripping device of claim 11:
Described separation vessel is a cylinder bulk containers;
This cylindrical container comprise push up, go to the bottom and be arranged at push up and go to the bottom between the bucket wall;
Described fluid inlet is arranged at the top of described bucket wall;
Described leakage fluid dram is arranged at the bottom of described bucket wall;
Described leakage fluid dram is arranged at the bottom of described separation vessel;
The diameter of the bubble that described aeration element charges in little algae suspension is about 0.01～10mm;
Described aeration element be arranged at described separation vessel the bottom and preferred near or be resisted against the bottom surface of separation vessel;
Described aeration element is arranged at the bottom of described separation vessel, promptly as this separation vessel go to the bottom or as a part of going to the bottom;
Described aeration element can be aeration board, aerator disk etc., and its material includes but not limited to: metal, plastics, incipient fusion glass, porous ceramics, incipient fusion sand-bed filter, fiber, PVC, PVDF, PE, resin, rubber, cellulose membrane or organic membrane or the like; With
It is foam delivery lines that described foam is derived parts, and it is arranged at the top of described separation vessel.
13. a little algae separation system, it comprises:
1. little algae suspension supply reservoir is used to supply the little algae suspension that comprises algae and little algae to be separated;
2. tensio-active agent storage tank, it is used for solution from tensio-active agent to described system that preserve and tensio-active agent is provided or is dissolved with;
3. each described little algae tripping device of claim 11 to 12 is used for making little algae to separate from its suspension;
4. material input block, it is used for pending little algae suspension and tensio-active agent or its solution are input to described little algae tripping device;
5. gas supply unit, it is used for to described little algae tripping device supply gas, the bubble that gas is charged in little algae suspension via described aeration element;
6. foam holding tank, its foam that is used to collect from described little algae tripping device is derived the foam that parts are discharged.
14. a little algae or little algae derived prods, it is obtained by each described method of claim 1 to 10, and perhaps it is obtained by each described little algae tripping device of claim 11 to 12, and perhaps it is obtained by the described little algae separation system of claim 13; Further, described little algae or little algae derived prods contain the tensio-active agent of the acceptable amount of industrial application, and described tensio-active agent is as claim 1 to 10 definition as described in each.
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