CN102123327B - Method for embedding and extracting digital watermark on basis of streaming media noncritical frame - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for embedding and extracting a digital watermark on the basis of a streaming media noncritical frame. The method comprises the steps of: firstly, generating a hidden data block on the basis of digital watermark content; secondly, analyzing an FLV (Flash Video) format file and determining additional information positions where watermarks are to be embedded; and finally, embedding the hidden data block into the additional information positions and generating an FLV format streaming media with the digital watermark. A receiving end extracts synthesis information from the FLV format file after reading the FLV format file and obtaining the watermark embedding positions; and finally, the digital watermark is separated from the synthesis information and then subjected to integrity comparison, so that the digital watermark is extracted. Under the condition of segmenting (more than 1min) a video, a micro watermark label is obtained and identified and has a certain attack resistance.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method of field of information security technology, specifically is the method that embeds and extract based on the digital watermarking of the non-key frame of Streaming Media of a kind of FLV of being used for (FLASH VIDEO) form.
Background technology
The fast development of the Internet with popularize to the streaming media service development provides powerful market forces, make its increased popularity, be widely used in the every aspect that internet informations such as multimedia news briefing, online live, the web advertisement, video request program are served.Popularizing of development of multimedia technology and apparatus for making a video recording also makes the ordinary people take the content of liking through equipment such as household video camera, camera, video mobile phones, and is published to video website.The network information interchange that is applied as of stream media technology has brought revolutionary variation, and people's work and life have been produced far-reaching influence.
The transmission means of Streaming Media is different from traditional multimedia file, it be with the whole multimedia file through particular processing, be collapsed into compressed package one by one, to subscriber computer continuously, transmit in real time by video server.In the system that adopts the stream transmission mode; The user needn't download the whole multimedia video file; And the startup time-delay that only need pass through seconds or tens of seconds can be accepted the streaming media video file dynamically, continuously, and after utilizing decompression apparatus to the multimedia file decompress(ion) on the subscriber computer, watches.
Yet at present video website lacks enough supervision and self-discipline, and is pirate, splice, distort video and can be found everywhere.In order to solve the copyright question at issue of Internet video, all kinds of patented technologies are arisen at the historic moment, and propose many solutions that are directed against the copyright ownership problem of Internet video segment.
The digital watermarking solution of Streaming Media need fully take into account the characteristics of the streaming propagation of Streaming Media, on the basis that keeps fidelity, improves download, playing efficiency as far as possible.But existing digital watermark technology is at Streaming Media application facet defectiveness still, so this field still has very big development space.
Retrieval through to prior art is found; Chinese patent document number CN101022550; A 2007-8-22 had put down in writing a kind of " digital watermark information embedding method of Streaming Media " in open day, and this technology adopts the mode of the frame of video that is modeled to video stream media of will hiding Info to hide Info; Chinese patent document number CN101198045; Open day 2008-6-11; Put down in writing a kind of " stream media digital watermarking system "; This technology adds digital watermarking in video coding process, adopt the mode that in real time the digital watermarking embedding is combined with the compression of video data coding to realize the concealing technology of information.2010 in the ICSPS meeting, publish an article " Robust DCT based Video Watermarking algorithms for Assorted Watermarks " such as Mrs Neeta Deshpande; Dct transform is applied to the real-time embedding and the detection method of Streaming Media watermark; This method is carried out dct transform respectively at the image rgb value with stream media video frame, and realizes the embedding of digital watermarking on the rgb value of the former video frame images that is added in proportion.
Above-mentioned prior art can realize Information hiding to a certain extent, but said method relate to the change Streaming Media video frame structure or carry out video coding, implementation efficiency and computation complexity are short of to some extent.To the handling characteristics of Streaming Media, the embedding and the extraction efficiency that improve digital watermarking when keeping fidelity are the challenges to the streaming media video Information Hiding Techniques.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists; A kind of method that embeds and extract based on the digital watermarking of the non-key frame of Streaming Media is provided; Non-key frame through before some specific key frame adds watermark, adopts little watermark label to realize video stream media plurality of positions embed watermark information, when video by the situation of cutting under (greater than 1 minute cutting); Still can accomplish obtaining and differentiating of little watermark label, have certain anti-attack ability.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The present invention relates to a kind of data waterprint embedded method based on the non-key frame of Streaming Media; At first generate the hiding data piece based on the digital watermarking content; To the extraneous information position that FLV formatted file structure is analyzed and definite watermark is to be embedded, at last the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position and generates the FLV format stream media with digital watermarking then.
Described generation hiding data piece is meant: at first utilize the hash function m that will wait to hide Info to generate hashed value H, this hashed value H is used to authentication to be hidden Info; Then H is added on m and generates composite signal M at the back; But before composite signal M, add identification label R again, but identification label length fix, comprise the tag head and the data total length that are used to discern; Generate at last and treat hiding data piece W.
Described FLV formatted file structure meets the standard of FLV standard, comprises File Header and File Body two parts.FileBody is made up of the Tag structure, and wherein: piece Tag comprises Tag Header and Tag Data structure.Tag Header structure can read information such as Tag type, Tag frame type, data field length easily, and Tag Data comprises the extraneous information position.
Described extraneous information position is meant: from File Body framework, read the Tag structure successively, judge according to Tag Header framework:
When this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag structure departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file;
When this Tag frame type is a key frame, then mark this position P
i
Calculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1, and read next Tag structure and repeat above-mentioned judgement, finish and obtain Tag position sequence { P until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file
1, P
2..., P
Max, max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file.Wherein, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
l∈ [0, max], and K
i＜K
I+1Common K
1=1, therefore remove P
K1-1, then obtain the corresponding frame sequence L{P in extraneous information position
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1.
Describedly the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position be meant: read the FLV formatted file and find successively and treat embedded location P
n, n=K
l-1, implement to embed:, will treat that then hiding data piece W directly embeds if the extraneous information position of this Tag structure Tag Data part does not have content; Otherwise, original extraneous information content is attached to treats whole again embedding the behind the hiding data piece W.Repeat this operation and finish, obtain to contain the FLV formatted file that hides Info, accomplish embedding step until the embedding of remaining embedded location
The present invention relates to the digital watermarking method for distilling of above-mentioned FLV format stream media; After reading the FLV formatted file and obtaining the watermark embedded location; From the FLV formatted file, extract and obtain composite signal, obtain carrying out integrality relatively after the digital watermarking with separating in the composite signal at last, realize extracting.
Described acquisition watermark embedded location is meant: the File Header framework of analyzing the FLV formatted file; Obtain the beginning byte number of File Body framework; Read the Tag structure successively: the Tag Header framework of analyzing current Tag; If this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, if this Tag frame type is a key frame, then marks this position P
iCalculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1, and read next Tag structure and finish until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file; Traversal Tag position sequence { P
1, P
2..., P
Max, max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file.Wherein, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
l∈ [0, max], and K
l＜K
L+1Common K
1=1, therefore remove P
K1-1, then the frame sequence of watermark embedded location is L{P
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1.
Described extraction obtains composite signal and is meant: the frame number P that reads the watermark embedded location in the FLV formatted file
n, n=K
l-1, n representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, and is meaningful when the watermark embedded location, then reads this content X
nSearch this content X then
nBut whether the text starting position is identification label R, if, but but then according to the composite signal M behind the taking-up of the data total length among the identification label R identification label R
n
Described separation obtains digital watermarking and is meant: from composite signal M
nThe digital watermark content m of middle separation
nWith hashed value H
n, to digital watermark content m
nCarry out hash operations and obtain hashed value H '
n
Described integrality relatively is meant: with the digital watermarking content m in the FLV formatted file
nHashed value H '
nWith H
nCompare, when the pairing video segment of the then current composite signal of both unanimities is not modified, when all composite signals all through integrality relatively the time, judge that then this FLV formatted file does not wreck or changes.
Embedding grammar of the present invention is exactly to contain the non-key frame that hides Info at the key frame front construction.According to the embedding data of above-mentioned standard structure compliant standard, digital watermarking is written to the extraneous information position of the previous non-key frame of specific key frame, to reach the purpose that hides Info; The information of digital watermarking is contained at the previous non-key frame of a plurality of key frames place hereof, can prevent that like this video from suffering attacks such as frame scramble, LOF, frame replacement, strengthens robustness; Because digital watermarking is added in the previous non-key frame of specific key frame, key frame can be offset the influence of digital watermarking to non-key frame quality to refreshing again of picture, and the video fidelity is high; Because what use is the compression domain embedding grammar, under the prerequisite of not decoding, adds watermark, therefore embedding and extraction efficiency are high, can realize the real-time operation to video information hiding; Generally, lack (less than 1 minute) blanking time between adjacent two key frames of video stream media, so this algorithm possesses obtaining and the discriminating characteristics of little watermark label; The digital watermarking coded system is more flexible, is beneficial to the improvement of later stage algorithm and data, has transplantability and autgmentability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention embeds flow chart of steps.
Fig. 2 is an extraction step flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed execution mode and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
Present embodiment is implemented based on the FLV video stream media of H.263 encoding; Relate to a kind of data waterprint embedded method based on the non-key frame of Streaming Media; At first generate the hiding data piece according to coding structure characteristics H.263 based on the digital watermarking content; To the extraneous information position that FLV formatted file structure is analyzed and definite watermark is to be embedded, at last the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position and generates the FLV format stream media with digital watermarking then.
Described H.263 coding meets the H.263 standard of standard, and its extraneous information position is by the PSUPP structure and the PEI structure of determined number are not formed.The PSUPP structure comprises the data bit of the function digit and 4 bits of 4 bits, and the follow-up whether more extraneous information of existence of PEI indication.And the function digit of PSUPP structure 4 bits can be formed 16 function keywords altogether, and wherein 4 keywords keep.
Described generation hiding data piece is meant: at first utilize the hash function m that will wait to hide Info to generate hashed value H, this hashed value H is used to authentication to be hidden Info; Then H is added on m and generates composite signal M at the back; Form and treat hiding data piece W ' before the coding but before composite signal M, add identification label R again, but the form of identification label tag head comprises label beginning flag (01111110) and composite signal length; Treat the position zero padding of the hiding data piece W ' end of text before then will encoding, making total amount of byte after the zero padding is 4 multiple, and the preceding hiding data piece W ' that treats that will encode again is divided into the data sheet tuple { D of 4 bit lengths
1, D
2... D
k, D
iBe four bytes, k=total amount of byte/4 increase specific reservation function keyword F (0001) and PEI (last position is 0, and all the other positions are 1), the data sheet tuple { F+D behind the formation coding before every blocks of data unit
1+ PEI, F+D
2+ PEI......F+D
k+ PEI}, the data sheet tuple after will encoding at last is in turn connected to form treats hiding data piece W behind the coding.
Described FLV formatted file structure meets the standard of FLV standard, comprises File Header and File Body two parts.FileBody is made up of the Tag structure, and wherein: piece Tag comprises Tag Header and Tag Data structure.Tag Header structure can read information such as Tag type, Tag frame type, data field length easily, and Tag Data comprises the extraneous information position.
Described extraneous information position is meant: from File Body framework, read the Tag structure successively, judge according to Tag Header framework:
When this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag structure departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file;
When this Tag frame type is a key frame, then mark this position P
i
Calculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1, and read next Tag structure and repeat above-mentioned judgement, finish and obtain Tag position sequence { P until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file
1, P
2..., P
Max, max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file.Wherein, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
l∈ [0, max], and K
l＜K
L+1Common K
1=1, therefore remove P
K1-1, then obtain the corresponding frame sequence L{P in extraneous information position
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1.
Describedly the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position be meant: read the FLV formatted file and find successively and treat embedded location P
n, n=K
l-1, implement to embed: if the extraneous information position of this Tag structure Tag Data part does not have content, the hiding data piece W that treats after then will encoding directly embeds; Otherwise, original extraneous information content is attached to whole again embedding the behind the hiding data piece W of treating behind the coding.Repeat this operation and finish, obtain to contain the FLV formatted file that hides Info, accomplish embedding step until the embedding of remaining embedded location.
Present embodiment relates to the digital watermarking method for distilling of above-mentioned FLV format stream media; After reading the FLV formatted file and obtaining the watermark embedded location; From the FLV formatted file, extract and obtain composite signal; H.263, last basis is encoded and is obtained carrying out integrality relatively after the digital watermarking with separating in the composite signal, realizes extracting.
Described acquisition watermark embedded location is meant: the File Header framework of analyzing the FLV formatted file; Obtain the beginning byte number of File Body framework; Read the Tag structure successively: the Tag Header framework of analyzing current Tag; If this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, if this Tag frame type is a key frame, then marks this position P
iCalculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1, and read next Tag structure and finish until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file; Traversal Tag position sequence { P
1, P
2..., P
Max, max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file.Wherein, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
l∈ [0, max], and K
l＜K
L+1Common K
1=1, therefore remove P
K1-1, then the frame sequence of watermark embedded location is L{P
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1.
Described extraction obtains composite signal and is meant: the frame number P that reads the watermark embedded location in the FLV formatted file
n, n=K
l-1, n representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, and is meaningful when the watermark embedded location, then reads this content X
n, according to H.263 encoding, this content can be divided into data sheet tuple { F+D successively
1+ PEI, F+D
2+ PEI......F+D
k+ PEI}, wherein F is reservation function keyword (0001), and last position of PEI is 0, and all the other positions are 1, D
iBe four bytes, k=total amount of byte/9; Remove the data sheet tuple { D that reservation function keyword F and PEI can obtain 4 bit lengths
1, D
2... D
n, content X ' before connection data cell group can be encoded
n, search this content X ' then
nBut whether the text starting position is identification label R, if, but but then according to the composite signal M behind the taking-up of the data total length among the identification label R identification label R
n
Described separation obtains digital watermarking and is meant: from composite signal M
nThe digital watermark content m of middle separation
nWith hashed value H
n, to digital watermark content m
nCarry out hash operations and obtain hashed value H '
n
Described integrality relatively is meant: with the digital watermarking content m in the FLV formatted file
nHashed value H '
nWith H
nCompare, when the pairing video segment of the then current composite signal of both unanimities is not modified, when all composite signals all through integrality relatively the time, judge that then this FLV formatted file does not wreck or changes.
The method based on embedding before the digital watermarking key frame of FLV Streaming Media and extracting that adopts among this embodiment mainly is the FLV format video of encoding to H.263.The specific structure that contains in this format video, comprise the Tag data block of FLV form and H.263 the special construction etc. of the filling position of coding image layer all be the key factor that this method proposes.
When the embedding of adopting said method to hide Info and extraction; Need not transform coding; Real-time is very high, the embedding work that hides Info when can realize foradownloaded video, the testing that hides Info when also can be implemented in displaying video.
Because the position in that the present embodiment embedding hides Info is special, the interpolation that hides Info can influence video actual image quality and audio frequency effect.But be positioned at before the key frame of video because this method embeds the position hide Info, so the meeting that influences that hides Info to video is remedied by refreshing of key frame.Prove that through embodiment fidelity is high.
In the method that the above-mentioned embedding of mentioning hides Info, hiding Info has redundancy at a plurality of embedded locations, helps to suffer montage, replacement, modification etc. to have a mind to or read under the attack condition unintentionally hide Info in data, has certain robustness.Generally, lack (less than 1 minute) blanking time between adjacent two key frames, therefore suffers that in data this method also can detect and hide Info under the situation of small cutting (greater than 1 minute).
When constructing to hiding Info, original hiding data has been carried out hash operations, transmit the data after the hash simultaneously, help the information reciever that the integrality that hides Info is detected.
Because the embedded location that hides Info does not have special space requirement, this method extensibility is stronger, can adopt different coding according to concrete needs.
The embedding that the method for employing present embodiment hides Info, the video that newly-generated containing hides Info does not have the distortion of image quality and tonequality, on vision and auditory effect, can't distinguish the otherness that embeds before and after hiding Info; It is high that this embodiment embeds efficient, can realize that the file synchronization transmitting synchronous embeds; The embedding adopted among this embodiment is extracted the method that hides Info and can under video suffers the situation of small cutting, be extracted and hide Info.
Claims (2)
1. data waterprint embedded method based on the non-key frame of Streaming Media; It is characterized in that; At first generate the hiding data piece based on the digital watermarking content; To the extraneous information position that the FLV formatted file is analyzed and definite watermark is to be embedded, at last the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position and generates the FLV format stream media with digital watermarking then;
Described generation hiding data piece is meant: at first utilize the hash function m that will wait to hide Info to generate hashed value H, this hashed value H is used to authentication to be hidden Info; Then H is added on m and generates composite signal M at the back; But before composite signal M, add identification label R again, but identification label length fix, comprise the tag head and the data total length that are used to discern; Generate at last and treat hiding data piece W;
Described FLV formatted file structure meets the standard of FLV standard; Comprise File Header and File Body two parts; File Body is made up of the Tag structure; Wherein: piece Tag comprises Tag Header and Tag Data structure, and Tag Header structure can read Tag type, Tag frame type, data field length information easily, and Tag Data comprises the extraneous information position;
Described extraneous information position is meant: from File Body framework, read the Tag structure successively, judge according to the TagHeader framework: when this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag structure departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file;
When this Tag frame type is a key frame, then mark this position P
i
Calculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1,, and read next Tag structure and repeat above-mentioned judgement, finish and obtain Tag position sequence { P until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file
1, P
2..., P
Max, wherein: max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1,, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
1∈ [0, max], and K
1＜K
1+1, K
1=1, remove P
K1-1, obtain the corresponding frame sequence L{P in extraneous information position
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1;
Describedly the hiding data piece is embedded the extraneous information position be meant: read the FLV formatted file and find successively and treat embedded location P
n, n=K
1-1, implement to embed:, will treat that then hiding data piece W directly embeds if the extraneous information position of this Tag structure Tag Data part does not have content; Otherwise, original extraneous information content is attached to treats whole again embedding the behind the hiding data piece W, repeat this operation and embed until remaining embedded location and finish, obtain to contain the FLV formatted file that hides Info, accomplish embedding step.
2. digital watermarking method for distilling according to the said FLV format stream media of above-mentioned arbitrary claim; It is characterized in that; After reading the FLV formatted file and obtaining the watermark embedded location; From the FLV formatted file, extract and obtain composite signal, obtain carrying out integrality relatively after the digital watermarking with separating in the composite signal at last, realize extracting;
Described acquisition watermark embedded location is meant: the File Header framework of analyzing the FLV formatted file; Obtain the beginning byte number of File Body framework; Read the Tag structure successively: the Tag Header framework of analyzing current Tag; If this Tag type is a video data, then write down the total amount of byte P that this Tag departs from File Body framework starting position
i, i representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, if this Tag frame type is a key frame, then marks this position P
iCalculate the position P that next Tag begins according to this Tag data field length
I+1, and read next Tag structure and finish until the analysis of whole FLV formatted file; Traversal Tag position sequence { P
1, P
2..., P
Max, wherein: max is the total number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, the key frame sequence of record mark is { P
K1, P
K2..., P
Kn, K
1∈ [0, max], and K
1＜K
1+1, K
1=1, remove P
K1-1, then the frame sequence of watermark embedded location is L{P
K2-1, P
K3-1..., P
Kn-1;
Described extraction obtains composite signal and is meant: the frame number P that reads the watermark embedded location in the FLV formatted file
n, n=K
1-1, n representes the serial number of video data Tag in the FLV formatted file, and is meaningful when the watermark embedded location, then reads this content X
nSearch this content X then
nBut whether the text starting position is identification label R, if, but but then according to the composite signal M behind the taking-up of the data total length among the identification label R identification label R
n
Described separation obtains digital watermarking and is meant: from composite signal M
nThe digital watermark content m of middle separation
nWith hashed value H
n, to digital watermark content m
nCarry out hash operations and obtain hashed value H '
n
Described integrality relatively is meant: with the digital watermarking content m in the FLV formatted file
nHashed value H '
nWith H
nCompare, when the pairing video segment of the then current composite signal of both unanimities is not modified, when all composite signals all through integrality relatively the time, judge that then this FLV formatted file does not wreck or changes.
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| CN1440196A (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2003-09-03 | 上海交通大学 | Digital watermark implanting and extracting method based on parth search |
| EP1898396A1 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-12 | Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh | Method and apparatus for encoding/decoding symbols carrying payload data for watermarking of an audio or video signal |
| CN101022550A (en) * | 2006-12-26 | 2007-08-22 | 北京闪动科技有限公司 | Flow media digital watermark information embedding method |
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