CN102118063B - Solar energy power storage system and method - Google Patents

Solar energy power storage system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102118063B
CN102118063B CN200910239649.8A CN200910239649A CN102118063B CN 102118063 B CN102118063 B CN 102118063B CN 200910239649 A CN200910239649 A CN 200910239649A CN 102118063 B CN102118063 B CN 102118063B
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capacitor
energy
converter
electric energy
electricity price
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CN102118063A (en
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吴闻婧
李磊
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Zhuhai Institute Of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy Of Sciences Co ltd
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

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Abstract

The invention relates to a solar energy power generation and storage system and a method. The solar energy power generation and storage system comprises a solar panel, a first capacitor, a direct-current/direct-current converter, a controller and a second capacitor, wherein the first capacitor is used for receiving the output electric energy of the solar panel and outputting the electric energy to the direct-current/direct-current converter, the direct-current/direct-current converter is used for adjusting the output voltage of the solar panel and the first capacitor, the controller is used for adjusting the work cycle value of the direct-current/direct-current converter, and the second capacitor is connected with the direct-current/direct-current converter and the controller and used for storing the electric energy generated by the solar panel. The solar energy power generation and storage method comprises the steps as follows: converting the solar energy into electric energy, providing the first capacitor for storing the electric energy converted from the solar energy temporarily, adjusting the voltage of two ends of the first capacitor by the direct-current/direct-current converter, providing the controller for adjusting the work cycle of the direct-current/direct-current converter, and providing the second capacitor for storing the electric power output by the direct-current/direct-current converter.

Description

Solar power generation energy-storage system and method
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of solar power system, particularly a kind of solar power generation energy-storage system and method.
[background technology]
Solar energy is the most general and can the be miniaturized energy, but the voltage of solar panel and electric current are not linearly, belong to the renewable energy resources of imperfection, along with sunshine environment, angle and temperature and the electric power that produces has significantly different.In order to obtain maximum power efficiency, maximum power tracing method is adopted to realize detecting in real time the power of solar panel output, current maximum power tracing is all voltage and the electric current of inspecting sunny energy system, power is compared through product or in process calculation, confirm maximum power adjustment direction, its process is too complicated time-consuming, and solar illuminance or temperature Rapid Variable Design and system difficulty completes real-time strain, causing maximum power to judge probability by accident increases.Moreover solar energy has very large exploitation potential, but its energy density is low, unstable.Need solar energy as other energy, become continuous, even, the stable energy.But the energy storage device of current employing majority is storage battery, as lead acid accumulator, cadmium-nickel storage cell contain heavy metal, seriously polluted, and the service life cycle of storage battery is not long.
[summary of the invention]
Based on this, be necessary to provide a kind of real-time tracking maximum power and effectively energy storage can reduce the solar power generation energy-storage system polluting, increase useful life.
In addition, there is a need to provide a kind of real-time tracking maximum power and effectively energy storage can reduce the solar power generation energy storage method polluting, increase useful life.
A kind of solar power generation energy-storage system, comprising:
Solar panel is luminous energy and electric energy transition components, in parallel or be in series;
First capacitor is the instantaneous power type ultracapacitor of a kind of low internal resistance, high power capacity, exports electric energy, and export electric energy to DC-DC converter for accepting solar panel;
DC-DC converter, for adjusting output voltage and the power of solar panel and the first capacitor;
Controller, for adjusting the working period values of DC-DC converter;
Second capacitor is energy releasing type ultracapacitor, connects DC-DC converter and controller, as energy storage device, for storing the electric energy that solar panel produces.
Preferably, described system also comprises inverter, and described inverter connects described second capacitor, is alternating current for the DC inverter exported by described second capacitor.
Preferably, described second capacitor access electrical network, presets electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling described second capacitor storage of electrical energy during described default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling described second capacitor during described default electricity price value to customer power supply.
Preferably, described first capacitor is metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity or alminium electrolytic condenser; Described controller is single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor; Described DC-DC converter is boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter.
Preferably, described second capacitor working temperature is-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.
A kind of solar power generation energy storage method, comprising:
Solar energy is converted to electric energy;
There is provided the first capacitor, for the electric energy that temporary solar energy transforms;
There is provided a DC-DC converter be connected with the first capacitor, described DC-DC converter is for adjusting the voltage at described first capacitor two ends;
There is provided a controller, described controller adjusts the work period of described DC-DC converter and described first capacitor voltage at both ends of real-time measurement draws peak power output;
There is provided the second capacitor, described second capacitor is connected with described DC-DC converter, for storing the electric energy that described DC-DC converter exports.
Preferably, the electric energy that described method also comprises described second capacitor stores is converted to alternating current.
Preferably, described method also comprises described second capacitor access electrical network, preset electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling described second capacitor storage of electrical energy during described default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling described second capacitor during described default electricity price value to customer power supply.
Preferably, described DC-DC converter is boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter.
Preferably, described first capacitor is metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity or alminium electrolytic condenser; Described controller is single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor; Described second capacitor working temperature is-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.
Above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system and method, by solar energy being converted to electric energy and electric energy being outputted to DC-DC converter through the first capacitor, by the work period of controller adjustment DC-DC converter, repeatedly regulate and measure the voltage of the first electric capacity, show that solar energy is converted to the real-time peak power output of electric energy, so only need measuring voltage value, without the need for electric current and calculation process, significantly improve the tracking response speed of solar power system and determine the accuracy of peak power output point; Adopt the second capacitor as energy storage device, do not need special charging circuit and controlled discharge circuit, circuit is simple, and charging rapidly, save a large amount of charging interval, do not need anti-overcharge and anti-overdischarge road, reliability be high, long service life, superpower charge maintenance capability, pollution-free, welding is firmly simple, easy to maintenance, reduces the cost of whole system.
In addition, in being connected to the grid by the second capacitor, and preset electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling the second capacitor energy storage during default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling the second capacitor during default electricity price value to customer power supply, achieving and effectively instructing user's rational utilization of electricity, improve electrical network efficiency.
Moreover the second condenser leakage current is very little, after charging, power-on time is long, can charge, normally can use, have excellent temperature performance in the ambient temperature of-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C at the cloudy day; The electric energy that second capacitor stores is converted to alternating current, realizes being powered at ac electric apparatus.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is solar power generation energy-storage system structural representation in an execution mode;
Fig. 2 is solar power generation energy storage method flow chart in an execution mode.
[embodiment]
Fig. 1 is solar power generation energy-storage system structural representation.In an embodiment, this system comprises solar panel 10, first capacitor 20, DC-DC converter 30, logic controller 40, second capacitor 50.
Solar panel 10 is luminous energy and electric energy transition components, can be in parallel or be in series according to demand.
First capacitor 20 one end is electrically connected with solar panel 10 and DC-DC converter 30, other end ground connection.First capacitor 20 is instantaneous power type ultracapacitors of a kind of low internal resistance, high power capacity, can as the temporary transient holder of electric energy.First capacitor 10 can be the capacitor of metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity, alminium electrolytic condenser or similar high-capacitance.Under the stable state of dynamic equilibrium, the first capacitor 20 accepts solar panel 10 and exports electric energy, and exports electric energy to DC-DC converter 30.Electric energy turnover stable state under, the clean electric energy on the first capacitor 20 is zero, namely without electrical energy accumulation on the first capacitor 20, solar panel 10 generation electric energy all flow in DC-DC converter 30, present dynamic balance state.
Wherein, solar panel 10 produce power computing formula is,
W 1=P*t=U 1*I 1*t
The factor of removing time, even t=1, then
W 1=P=U 1*I 1
U 1for solar cell panel voltages, I 1for solar panel electric current.
The energy W of the first capacitor 20 2relevant to its capacitance, computing formula is,
W 2 = 1 2 CU 2 2
C is the capacitance of the first capacitor, U 2it is the first capacitor voltage at both ends.
The concrete state of dynamic equilibrium is: at any one time, the energy that solar panel 10 flows into the first capacitor 20 equals the energy that the first capacitor 20 flows into DC-DC converter 30, i.e. the energy of the energy of solar panel 10 generation, the energy flowing into the first capacitor 20, the energy flowing out the first capacitor 20 and inflow DC-DC converter 30 is all equal.
Therefore, the realtime power of solar panel 10 can be obtained by the voltage detecting the first capacitor 20.
DC-DC converter 30, connects solar panel 10 and the first capacitor 20, for adjusting output voltage and the ability of solar panel 10 and the first capacitor 20.DC-DC converter 30 can for boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter or other there is the transducer of similar functions.
Controller 40, for the change of the output voltage according to solar panel 10 and the first capacitor 20, increase or reduce the work period D value of DC-DC converter 30, controller 40 can be the microprocessor such as single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor.
Second capacitor 50, connects DC-DC converter 30 and controller 40, as energy storage device, for storing the electric energy that solar panel 10 produces.Second capacitor 50 can select energy releasing type ultracapacitor.Second capacitor 50 is super capacitor, its energy storage principle is: electrode active material electrode surface or body mutually in two dimension or the reversible electrochemistry suction/desorption of the enterprising line height of accurate two-dimentional control, or generation N-type/P type element doping/remove doping reaction, thus result from the relevant electric double layer capacitance of electrode charge and pseudo capacitance.Because these electrochemical reactions do not destroy electrode structure, therefore the second capacitor 50 overcharged, cross and put and do not affect its useful life, and reliability is high, long service life (charge and discharge circulation life is more than 100,000 times).Because the second capacitor 50 has the super large capacitor amount of farad level, superpower retention of charge, and leakage current is very little, experiment shows, continue application in 8 hours, voltage drop is less than 5%; Do not need special charging circuit and controlled discharge circuit, charging rapidly, and can be charged under the state only higher than its leakage current (representative value is 1mA), and therefore, at the cloudy day, solar panel 10 also can charge to the second capacitor 50.Pollution-free, be a kind of green power supply, can weld in circuit, there will not be the unstable problem of contact.Moreover the second capacitor 50 also has excellent temperature performance, normally can use in the ambient temperature of-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.Super capacitor have environmentally friendly, working temperature is wide, make its can be good in communication, meteorology, navigation, power station and military affairs etc. application.
In another embodiment, second capacitor 50 is accessed in electrical network, adopt the mechanism of tou power price, presetting electricity price value, controlling the second capacitor 50 lower than storing which kind of electric energy during default electricity price value and higher than controlling the second capacitor 50 during default electricity price value to customer power supply according to this default electricity price value.Wherein, presetting electricity price value can by user according to self needing setting.When electrical network electricity price is lower than default electricity price value, the second capacitor 50 stores corresponding electric energy, and this corresponding electric energy can be the electric energy of solar energy conversion, also can be the electric energy of electrical network.The electric energy electricity price of solar power generation can be compared with the electricity price of electrical network, select to store which kind of electric energy economical and practical.According in the second capacitor 50 the ratio of storage of electrical energy judge to store corresponding electric energy, this ratio according to circumstances can be set by user.Illustrating, as stored a large amount of electric energy in the second capacitor 50, and being about to be filled with, then without the need to storing the electric energy of electrical network again, only continue the electric energy storing solar energy conversion.The electric energy that second capacitor stores, not enough at overcast and rainy solar power generation for user, or use when electrical network electricity price is higher.Such employing second capacitor 50 can effectively instruct user's rational utilization of electricity in conjunction with the mechanism of tou power price, improves electrical network efficiency, meets the higher demand of user to economy.
In another embodiment, above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system also comprises inverter, and inverter is connected with the second capacitor 50, is alternating current, then connects AC load for the DC inverter exported by the second capacitor 50.In addition, the second capacitor 50 also directly can connect DC load.
The process that above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system realizes the peak power output of real-time tracing solar panel 10 is: transform light energy is electric energy by solar panel 10, export electric energy to the first capacitor 20, export electric energy again to DC-DC converter 30, then adjusted by the work period D value of controller 40 pairs of DC-DC converters 30, when work period D value changes, the voltage of the first capacitor 20 increases, namely the energy of solar panel generation is more than the energy flowing into DC-DC converter 30, now adjustment D value is carried out towards former change direction, namely D value increases, then continuation increases by next D value, otherwise, carry out in the opposite direction, concussion disturbance so repeatedly and observation and comparison, can the peak power output point of convergence solar panel.
In addition, the course of work of above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system is: transform light energy is electric energy by solar panel 10, export electric energy to the first capacitor 20, export electric energy again to DC-DC converter 30, then work period adjustment is carried out by controller 40, to greatest extent electrical energy transfer is stored to the second capacitor 50 in real time, by the directly supplying DC load or connect inverter power supply to AC load of the second capacitor 50.
Fig. 2 is solar power generation energy storage method flow chart in an execution mode, and the method comprises:
Step S10, is converted to electric energy by solar energy.In one embodiment, adopt solar panel as luminous energy and electric energy transition components, solar energy is converted to electric energy, this solar panel can according to demand parallel connection or be in series.
Step S20, provides the first capacitor, for the electric energy that temporary solar energy transforms.This first capacitor is the instantaneous power type ultracapacitor of a kind of low internal resistance, high power capacity, can as the temporary transient holder of electric energy.This first capacitor can be metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity or alminium electrolytic condenser.
Step S30, provides a DC-DC converter be connected with the first capacitor, and described DC-DC converter is for adjusting the voltage at described first capacitor two ends.Wherein, DC-DC converter is boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter.
Step S40, provides a controller, and described controller adjusts the work period of described DC-DC converter and described first capacitor voltage at both ends of real-time measurement draws peak power output.Wherein, this controller is single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor.
Step S50, provides the second capacitor, and described second capacitor is connected with described DC-DC converter, for storing the electric energy that described DC-DC converter exports.Wherein, the second capacitor can select energy releasing type ultracapacitor, and this second capacitor working temperature is-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.The electric energy that this second capacitor stores can directly supplying DC load.
Step S60, is converted to alternating current by the electric energy that the second capacitor stores.Can power to AC load after the electric energy that this second capacitor stores is converted to alternating current.
In one embodiment, above-mentioned solar power generation energy storage method also comprises: step S70, by the second capacitor access electrical network, preset electricity price value, control the second capacitor storage of electrical energy in electrical network electricity price lower than during this default electricity price value, control the second capacitor to customer power supply in electrical network electricity price higher than during this default electricity price value.Wherein, when electrical network electricity price is lower than the electricity price value preset, the second capacitor stores the electric energy of solar energy conversion or the electric energy of electrical network, the electric energy electricity price of solar power generation can be compared with the electricity price of electrical network, selects to store which kind of electric energy economical and practical.Or according in the second capacitor the ratio of storage of electrical energy judge and store electric energy or the electric energy of electrical network of solar energy conversion, this ratio is according to circumstances set by user.The electric energy that second capacitor stores, not enough at overcast and rainy solar power generation for user, or use when electrical network electricity price is higher.
The peak power output that above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system and method realize real-time tracing solar energy converting electrical energy coordinates with the second energy-storing device with capacitor, regulates charging current in real time, charges more efficiently, utilize solar energy to greatest extent.
Above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system and method output to DC-DC converter by the electric energy changed by solar energy through the first capacitor, by the work period of controller adjustment DC-DC converter, repeatedly regulate and measure the voltage of the first electric capacity, show that solar energy is converted to the real-time peak power output of electric energy, so only need measuring voltage value, without the need for electric current and calculation process, significantly improve the accuracy that solar power generation is followed the trail of response speed and determined peak power output point; Adopt the second capacitor as energy storage device, do not need special charging circuit and controlled discharge circuit, circuit is simple, and charging rapidly, save a large amount of charging interval, do not need anti-overcharge and anti-overdischarge road, reliability be high, long service life, superpower charge maintenance capability, pollution-free, welding is firmly simple, easy to maintenance, reduces the cost of whole system.
In addition, in being connected to the grid by the second capacitor, and preset electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling the second capacitor energy storage during default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling the second capacitor during default electricity price value to customer power supply, achieving and effectively instructing user's rational utilization of electricity, improve electrical network efficiency.
Moreover the second condenser leakage current is very little, after charging, power-on time is long, can charge, normally can use, have excellent temperature performance in the ambient temperature of-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C at the cloudy day; The electric energy that second capacitor stores is converted to alternating current, realizes being powered at ac electric apparatus.
And above-mentioned solar power generation energy-storage system and method can also provide great start-up current for safety overload, meet load equipment big current and start demand.
The above embodiment only have expressed several execution mode of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection range of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.

Claims (4)

1. a solar power generation energy-storage system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Solar panel is luminous energy and electric energy transition components, in parallel or be in series;
First capacitor is the instantaneous power type ultracapacitor of a kind of low internal resistance, high power capacity, exports electric energy, and export electric energy to DC-DC converter for accepting solar panel;
DC-DC converter, for adjusting output voltage and the power of solar panel and the first capacitor;
Controller, for adjusting the working period values of DC-DC converter;
Second capacitor is energy releasing type ultracapacitor, connects DC-DC converter and controller, as energy storage device, for storing the electric energy that solar panel produces;
Described second capacitor access electrical network, presets electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling described second capacitor storage of electrical energy during described default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling described second capacitor during described default electricity price value to customer power supply; Wherein, the electric energy electricity price of solar power generation compared with the electricity price of electrical network, it is low that described second capacitor selects to store electricity price; Second electric capacity is about to be filled with, then without the need to storing the electric energy of electrical network again, only continue the electric energy storing solar energy conversion;
Transform light energy is electric energy by described solar panel, export electric energy to the first capacitor, export electric energy again to described DC-DC converter, described controller adjusts the working period values of described DC-DC converter, when working period values changes, the voltage of the first electric capacity increases, then adjustment working period values carried out towards former change direction, otherwise adjustment working period values carried out in the opposite direction;
Described first capacitor is metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity or alminium electrolytic condenser; Described controller is single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor; Described DC-DC converter is boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter; Described second capacitor working temperature is-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.
2. solar power generation energy-storage system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described system also comprises inverter, and described inverter connects described second capacitor, is alternating current for the DC inverter exported by described second capacitor.
3. a solar power generation energy storage method, comprising:
Solar energy is converted to electric energy;
There is provided the first capacitor, for the electric energy that temporary solar energy transforms;
There is provided a DC-DC converter be connected with the first capacitor, described DC-DC converter is for adjusting the voltage at described first capacitor two ends;
There is provided a controller, described controller adjusts the work period of described DC-DC converter and described first capacitor voltage at both ends of real-time measurement draws peak power output;
There is provided the second capacitor, described second capacitor is connected with described DC-DC converter, for storing the electric energy that described DC-DC converter exports;
Described method also comprises described second capacitor access electrical network, preset electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price lower than controlling described second capacitor storage of electrical energy during described default electricity price value, in electrical network electricity price higher than controlling described second capacitor during described default electricity price value to customer power supply, wherein, the electric energy electricity price of solar power generation compared with the electricity price of electrical network, it is low that described second capacitor selects to store electricity price;
Transform light energy is electric energy by described solar panel, export electric energy to the first capacitor, export electric energy again to described DC-DC converter, described controller adjusts the working period values of described DC-DC converter, when working period values changes, the voltage of the first electric capacity increases, then adjustment working period values carried out towards former change direction, otherwise adjustment working period values carried out in the opposite direction;
Described DC-DC converter is boost converter, step-down controller or type of voltage step-up/down converter;
Described first capacitor is metal oxide electrode super capacitor, carbon material super capacitor, macromolecule super capacitor, composite super electric capacity or alminium electrolytic condenser; Described controller is single-chip microcomputer or embedded digital processor; Described second capacitor working temperature is-40 DEG C ~ 75 DEG C.
4. solar power generation energy storage method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the electric energy that described method also comprises described second capacitor stores is converted to alternating current.
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