CN102116843A - Method, device and system for monitoring and analyzing characteristics of generator set regulator - Google Patents
Method, device and system for monitoring and analyzing characteristics of generator set regulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and analyzing characteristics of a generator set regulator, which comprises the following steps: using a power angle measuring device (PMU) to collect a signal at the side of generator set of the generator set regulator containing an exciting voltage, an exciting current, a switch signal, an indication signal, a rotate speed signal and a pressure signal; sending the collected signal at the side of generator set to a generator set characteristics monitoring platform at the side of a power grid; and treating the signal at the side of generator set and generating a monitoring result of the generator set characteristics containing dynamic speed rate change. The invention also discloses a device and a system for monitoring and analyzing characteristics of the generator set regulator. By using the method, device and system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the once frequency modulation property parameter can be totally and objectively on-site calculated, thereby estimating and analyzing the characteristics of each generator set regulator at real time. The monitoring and analyzing are beneficial to prompting the power plant to optimize and improve the regulator which cannot meet the demand, in order to adapt to the continuous development of power grid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power and electrical engineering field, relate in particular to a kind of method, equipment and system of genset controller properties monitoring analysis.
Background technology
Along with development of computer, increasing digital governer is used.Digital electric-hydraulic control system becomes basically universal as the governing system of steam turbine, and hydraulic system is substituted gradually.Digital Controller has advantages such as parameter modification convenience, but is difficult to but guarantee that the operating states of the units parameter and the experiment of being incorporated into the power networks are provided with the consistance of parameter.If the dispatcher can't monitor unit regulator and unit dynamic perfromance thereof, may make the primary frequency modulation ability of electrical network and pressure regulation ability be in runaway condition, increased accident odds and degree in the electrical network.
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of genset controller properties monitoring analysis system in the prior art.
As shown in Figure 1, transmitter 102 is gathered field voltage and exciting current information from genset 103, be uploaded to genset characteristic monitoring platform 100 by energy management system EMS101, genset characteristic monitoring platform 100 is by every characterisitic parameter of calculating primary frequency modulation, thus the primary frequency modulation dynamic perfromance of evaluation genset 103.
But present EMS acquisition precision is 1 point/2 second～1 point/5 second, can only the qualitative analysis excitation system and the correlated performance index of primary frequency modulation with the data of EMS, can not analyze the performance index of excitation system and primary frequency modulation exactly.And primary frequency modulation finishes in 60s substantially, calculates a plurality of parameter indexs of primary frequency modulation with tens or tens points, is difficult to reflect unit primary frequency modulation dynamic perfromance.
In addition, also have a kind of primary frequency modulation checking system in the prior art, this system utilizes the EMS data, analyzes the primary frequency modulation action accuracy and the contribution electric weight of unit.The performance index that this system is used to analyze are more single, and primary frequency modulation is embodied in its capability of fast response and two aspects of response amplitude to the contribution of electrical network, and index is single can not to objectively respond unit primary frequency modulation dynamic perfromance comprehensively.
In sum, existing genset controller properties monitoring analysis system is difficult to reflect or can not objectively respond comprehensively the dynamic perfromance of unit primary frequency modulation.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of genset controller properties method for monitoring and analyzing, equipment and system, can be comprehensively objectively in line computation primary frequency modulation performance parameter, the regulator performance of each unit of real-time assessment.This genset controller properties method for monitoring and analyzing comprises:
Utilize measuring power angle device PMU to gather the genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal of genset regulator;
Send the described genset side signal of gathering to grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform and handle, generate the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.
The present invention also provides a kind of genset controller properties monitoring analysis equipment, and this equipment comprises:
Disturbance markers generation unit is used for calculating the generation disturbance start time according to the mains frequency of grid side;
Frequency jump amount generation unit calculates generated frequency transition amount according to mains frequency;
Net horsepower generation unit before the disturbance is according to active power before the calculating of the active power in the PI system generation disturbance;
The dead band generation unit calculates generation frequency modulation dead band according to mains frequency and switching signal;
Integration electric weight generation unit calculates formation product according to the active power in the PI system and divides electric weight;
Response lag time generation unit calculates the response lag time that generates according to mains frequency;
The momentary speed variation generation unit calculates the formation speed rate of change according to pressure signal and tach signal;
Average velocity rate of change generation unit calculates the generation average velocity rate of change according to active power in the PI system and tach signal;
Dynamic speed rate of change generation unit calculates the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to pressure signal and tach signal;
The regulated quantity generation unit calculates the generation regulated quantity according to the active power in the PI system; And
Stabilization time, generation unit generated stabilization time according to mains frequency and pressure signal calculating.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of genset controller properties monitoring analysis system, this genset controller properties monitoring analysis system comprises genset, measuring power angle device PMU and genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment, wherein, measuring power angle device PMU is used to gather the genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal of genset regulator; Genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment is used for the described genset side signal of gathering is handled, and generates the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.
By implementing the present invention, can be comprehensively objectively in line computation primary frequency modulation performance parameter, the regulator performance of each unit is assessed in real-time analysis.Impel power plant in time to be optimized and to transform by monitoring analysis, make it to adapt to the continuous development of big electrical network the regulator that can not meet the demands.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, does not constitute limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of genset controller properties monitoring analysis system in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of the genset controller properties monitoring analysis of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 are the structural representation of the genset controller properties monitoring analysis system of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the primary frequency modulation signal parameter synoptic diagram of access PMU equipment of the real-time monitoring analysis system of genset controller properties of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the forcing frequency signal of the embodiment of the invention and the relevant synoptic diagram of power signal;
Fig. 8 is the forcing frequency signal of the embodiment of the invention and the relevant synoptic diagram of governing stage pressure signal;
Fig. 9 be the embodiment of the invention according to the mains frequency fluctuation tendency, target synoptic diagram when adopting the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to ask disturbance to begin;
Figure 10 be the embodiment of the invention according to the active power fluctuation tendency, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to calculate the synoptic diagram of integration zero-time;
Figure 11 be the embodiment of the invention according to the mains frequency fluctuation tendency, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to find the solution the synoptic diagram of average frequency;
Figure 12 is the governing stage pressure of the embodiment of the invention and the general transfer function model block diagram of steam turbine power;
Figure 13 be the embodiment of the invention according to equivalent active power fluctuation tendency, the synoptic diagram that adopts the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to find the solution average power;
The powertrace that Figure 14 draws for the momentary speed variation of the embodiment of the invention and the comparison synoptic diagram of real power curve;
Figure 15 be the embodiment of the invention according to the mains frequency fluctuation tendency, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to find the solution the stable synoptic diagram constantly of mains frequency;
Figure 16 be the embodiment of the invention according to equivalent active power fluctuation tendency, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to find the solution steady load synoptic diagram constantly.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiment of the invention is described in further details below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.At this, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the method flow diagram of the real-time monitoring analysis of genset controller properties of the embodiment of the invention.In embodiments of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, the method for the real-time monitoring analysis of genset controller properties comprises:
In the present embodiment, command signal is to revise preload command signal and primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal before the primary frequency modulation; Pressure signal is the governing stage pressure signal; Tach signal is the steam turbine tach signal.Gather field voltage, exciting current, primary frequency modulation actuating signal, primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal and the primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by quick transmitter; Gather the steam turbine tach signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by speed probe; And gather the governing stage pressure signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by pressure transducer; PMU equipment sends the genset side signal of gathering to grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform and handles, and generates the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.The genset characteristic monitoring result that generates comprises:
Calculate the generation disturbance start time according to mains frequency; Calculate generated frequency transition amount according to mains frequency; According to active power before the calculating of the active power in the PI system generation disturbance; Calculate generation frequency modulation dead band according to mains frequency and primary frequency modulation actuating signal; Calculate formation product according to the active power in the PI system and divide electric weight; Calculate the response lag time that generates according to mains frequency; Calculate the formation speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Calculate the generation average velocity rate of change according to active power in the PI system and steam turbine tach signal; Calculate the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Calculate the generation regulated quantity according to the active power in the PI system; And calculate according to mains frequency and pressure signal and to generate stabilization time.
In addition, sending the genset signal of gathering to grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform handles also and comprises: remove Automatic Generation Control (AGC) effect according to described primary frequency modulation preload command signal and described primary frequency modulation afterload command signal, be used for removing when calculating the influence of factors such as frequency modulation frequency modulation, it merges in every calculation of monitoring results.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 3, the genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment 300 of the embodiment of the invention comprises:
Disturbance markers generation unit 301 is used for calculating the generation disturbance start time according to mains frequency; Frequency jump amount generation unit 302 is used for calculating generated frequency transition amount according to mains frequency; Net horsepower generation unit 303 before the disturbance is used for according to active power before the active power calculating generation disturbance of PI system; Dead band generation unit 304 is used for calculating generation frequency modulation dead band according to mains frequency and primary frequency modulation actuating signal; Integration electric weight generation unit 305 is used for calculating formation product according to the active power of PI system and divides electric weight; Response lag time generation unit 306 is used for calculating the response lag time that generates according to mains frequency; Momentary speed variation generation unit 307 is used for calculating the formation speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Average velocity rate of change generation unit 308 is used for calculating the generation average velocity rate of change according to the active power and the steam turbine tach signal of PI system; Dynamic speed rate of change generation unit 309 is used for calculating the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Regulated quantity generation unit 310 is used for calculating the generation regulated quantity according to the active power of PI system; Stabilization time, generation unit 311, were used for generating stabilization time according to mains frequency and the calculating of governing stage pressure signal.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the genset controller properties monitoring analysis system of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, described genset controller properties monitoring analysis system comprises genset 401, measuring power angle device PMU402 and genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment 300, wherein, measuring power angle device PMU402 is used to gather the genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal of genset regulator; Genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment 300 is used for the genset side signal of gathering is handled, and generates the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.
As shown in Figure 5, with Fig. 4 be among the embodiment, fast transmitter 501 described field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, the command signal of gathering the genset regulators also sends measuring power angle device PMU to; Gather the tach signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by speed probe 502; And gather the pressure signal of genset regulators and send measuring power angle device PMU to by pressure transducer 503.
In the enforcement, command signal is to revise preload command signal and primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal before the primary frequency modulation; Pressure signal is the governing stage pressure signal; Tach signal is the steam turbine tach signal; PMU equipment sends the genset side signal of gathering to grid side genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment and handles, and generates the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.Genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment comprises the primary frequency modulation parameter calculation unit, and the processing that these computing units carry out comprises:
Disturbance markers generation unit 301 is used for calculating the generation disturbance start time according to mains frequency; Frequency jump amount generation unit 302 is used for calculating generated frequency transition amount according to mains frequency; Net horsepower generation unit 303 before the disturbance is used for according to active power before the active power calculating generation disturbance of PI system; Dead band generation unit 304, the active power, mains frequency and the primary frequency modulation actuating signal that are used for according to the PI system are calculated generation frequency modulation dead band; Integration electric weight generation unit 305 is used for calculating formation product according to the active power of PI system and divides electric weight; Response lag time generation unit 306 is used for calculating the response lag time that generates according to mains frequency; Momentary speed variation generation unit 307 is used for calculating the formation speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Average velocity rate of change generation unit 308 is used for calculating the generation average velocity rate of change according to the active power and the steam turbine tach signal of PI system; Dynamic speed rate of change generation unit 309 is used for calculating the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to governing stage pressure signal and steam turbine tach signal; Regulated quantity generation unit 310 is used for calculating the generation regulated quantity according to the active power of PI system; Stabilization time, generation unit 311, were used for generating stabilization time according to mains frequency and the calculating of governing stage pressure signal.
Embodiment one:
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, calculating principle and on-the-spot actual design according to primary frequency modulation, get five signals and insert PMU equipment, these five signals are: primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 601, primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal 602, primary frequency modulation actuating signal 603, governing stage pressure signal 604 and steam turbine tach signal 605.
Primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 601 and primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal 602 are command signal, primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 601 is after being limited through certain load changing rate by the target load instruction that the AGC signal provides, to assign the final instruction to monoblock.Primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal 602 is on the basis of primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 601, the load instruction incremental portion that should increase when having superposeed the primary frequency modulation action.When primary frequency modulation is failure to actuate, primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal 602 is equal to primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 601, and when primary frequency modulation moved, primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal 602 equaled primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal 602 and adds the instruction of primary frequency modulation load increment.These two signals are used for removing Automatic Generation Control AGC effect when calculating.
Primary frequency modulation actuating signal 603 is a switching signal, and it characterizes this monoblock and whether satisfies the primary frequency modulation operation condition, and when not satisfying, unit should have load response fast to disturbance, and promptly the primary frequency modulation function of unit should activate and action immediately.
Governing stage pressure signal 604 is a pressure signal, and it is with the stronger linear relationship of exerting oneself of unit.Changing because the original state of unit response is a mechanical output, be only load responding then and change, therefore, is the primary frequency modulation performance that the momentary speed variation that calculates of signal more can the representative unit unit with governing stage pressure.
Steam turbine tach signal 605 is a tach signal, it has represented the direct state of steam turbine actual motion, unit is when being incorporated into the power networks, the steam turbine tach signal is consistent with the state that mains frequency characterizes, but owing to reasons such as these two signal measurement precision and electrical network low-frequency vibrations, the state that both characterize can not strict unanimity.But in actual computation, the steam turbine tach signal generally can be equal to mains frequency to be treated.
In the present embodiment, signal derives from Datong District's two power plant's unit parameters and uploads data, and data segment, length is 300 seconds, and its signal pattern as shown in Figure 7.The curve of cyclical fluctuations 1 among Fig. 7 is the curve of cyclical fluctuations of mains frequency, and the curve of cyclical fluctuations 2 is the curve of cyclical fluctuations of power signal, and signal is with the amplitude great-jump-forward fluctuation of about 0.01Hz, and the dynamic perfromance of its signal is subjected to influence to a certain degree.Figure 8 shows that the correlativity synoptic diagram of governing stage pressure signal and disturbance mains frequency signal, governing stage pressure signal (curve of cyclical fluctuations 2 among Fig. 8) has abundanter dynamic detailed information as can be seen, and as can be seen with the correlativity of frequency change.
The calculating and the analysis of primary frequency modulation performance index are carried out in beginning in genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment below.
1, calculates disturbance and begin markers
Disturbance begins markers and is defined as the initial time coordinate of the effective disturbance of mains frequency, and its mains frequency according to grid side calculates.
1) the effectively judgement of disturbance
In the present embodiment, in order to obtain comparatively significantly unit primary frequency modulation response message, improve the accuracy of primary frequency modulation calculation of parameter, adopt the condition of the above frequency departure of 0.05Hz to come whether the determination frequency disturbance is to carry out effective disturbance that primary frequency modulation calculates, and the frequency departure of relative and power frequency exceed the time point of 0.05Hz and is called EffectTime.
For preventing the influence of random noise, if the frequency signal of continuous two sampled points than power frequency (50Hz) deviation all greater than 0.05Hz, then this disturbance is judged to be effective disturbance that primary frequency modulation calculates, and wherein to exceed the some time corresponding coordinate of 0.05Hz be EffectTime to first frequency departure.
Promptly as frequency signal f
iWhen meeting the following conditions simultaneously:
|f
i-1-50|≤0.05Hz
|f
i-50|≥0.05Hz
|f
i+1-50|≥0.05Hz
Then i is EffectTime.
Target was calculated when 2) disturbance began
Because not necessarily 50Hz of mains frequency constantly takes place in disturbance, therefore directly seeking frequency forward from the EffectTime point that is judged as effective disturbance is that the point of 50Hz is worthless.Therefore, disturbance begins markers and is defined as the time coordinate that the effective frequency disturbance takes place, and also is the time coordinate of the point of effective forcing frequency occurrence tendency turnover.
Think that effective disturbance occurs to the time that frequency departure exceeds 0.05Hz and is no more than 12 seconds, therefore must comprise the moment that disturbance takes place constantly back 3 seconds this time period from EffectTime preceding 15 seconds constantly to EffectTime.Adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis, the frequency signal curve fit of this time period is become a broken line, the flex point time corresponding coordinate of this broken line is exactly that disturbance begins markers.As shown in Figure 9, the flex point of broken line 2 is as the disturbance point zero hour, and this is put and actual disturbance basically identical zero hour.
3) disturbance finishes markers
In the present embodiment, the frequency signal deviation of continuous two sampled points after the definition EffectTime all is UneffecTime less than first point of 0.05Hz.Be system frequency f
iMeet the following conditions simultaneously:
|f
i-1-50|≥0.05Hz
|f
i-50|≤0.05Hz
|f
i+1-50|≤0.05Hz
Then i is UneffectTime (i＞EffectTime) wherein.
Difficulty in view of the effective disturbance of the reality concluding time is judged through inquiring into and summing up in conjunction with the measured data analysis, finishes markers with disturbance and is defined as from UneffectTime constantly, and first one of meets the following conditions:
(1) the frequency signal curve passes through the f=50Hz straight line:
(f
i+1-50)·(f
i-50)≤0
(2) near frequency minimal value 50Hz:
(f
i-f
i-1)·(f
i+1-f
i)≤0
And satisfy | f
iThe i point of-50|≤0.005, its corresponding time is that disturbance finishes markers, otherwise i=i+1.
2, frequency jump amount
The frequency jump amount is defined as effective disturbance and begins to terminal procedure, the maximum deviation of frequency and 50Hz power frequency.The calculating of frequency jump amount calculates according to mains frequency.
This maximum frequency deviation is:
f
MAX＝Max(f
i)，(EffetTime＜i＜UneffectTime)
3, active power before the disturbance
Active power is the steady-state value that unit sent power before effective disturbance took place before the disturbance.Active power is calculated according to the active power in the PI system and is drawn before the disturbance.
The power of the assembling unit is from being constantly to fluctuate for a long time, but in relatively little time range, is again to be in steady state (SS).
In the present embodiment, based on the time span (11 minutes) of analyzed data fragments, in the two second time before selected disturbance zero hour, the active power of the arithmetic mean of the power of the assembling unit before as disturbance.
In the formula, StartTime is the initial moment of disturbance, target value when it is same as disturbance and begins; f
sBe sample frequency, value is 100 at present; N
iBe the power of the assembling unit, the different active power values constantly that can from the PI system, obtain.
4, dead band
When mains frequency exceeded the frequency modulation dead band of setting, system sent the primary frequency modulation actuating signal, gathered this switching signal, searched signal and changed the frequency modulation dead band that (rising edge or negative edge) corresponding mains frequency just can obtain system.Therefore, the calculating in dead band is relevant with mains frequency and primary frequency modulation actuating signal.
Generally speaking, have the variation of twice primary frequency modulation actuating signal at least in whole frequency disturbance process, promptly net exceeds the moment in dead band frequently and nets and frequently get back to the dead band with the interior moment.According to disturbance zero-time and the definition of disturbance concluding time, for the first time actuating signal changes and comes across after disturbance zero hour, and last actuating signal changes and appeared at before the disturbance concluding time in the perturbation process.Therefore search the moment of primary frequency modulation actuating signal from the disturbance zero-time backward, draw the dead band value of primary frequency modulation according to the frequency in this moment.Search moment of primary frequency modulation actuating signal the finish time forward from disturbance, draw another primary frequency modulation dead band value according to the frequency in this moment.
But in actual conditions, there is certain hysteresis in the primary frequency modulation actuating signal equally with respect to the variation of frequency signal, this hysteresis makes that the corresponding constantly frequency departure of primary frequency modulation actuating signal action is not real frequency modulation dead band, has been offset backward a bit of time delay but be engraved on the time shaft when going out the dead band with respect to frequency.Under the constant prerequisite of system, can think this time delay constant, pace of change when then the deviation of being calculated by the dead band that causes time delay just depends primarily on frequency turnover dead band, frequency change is fast more when also promptly passing in and out the dead band, then same time delay, the frequency change of correspondence was just big more, and consequent error is also just big more.Therefore calculate the frequency modulation dead band and should select frequency change point slowly as far as possible, general perturbation process example shows, changes comparatively fast when frequency goes out the dead band, and changes when getting back to the dead band slowlyer, and the actuating signal that therefore should select to get back to the dead band changes calculates the dead band.In order to increase the stability of software application algorithm, the dead band value of selecting the minimum that twice dead band calculate is as final primary frequency modulation dead band of calculating.
5, integration electric weight
The integration electric weight is the integration of unit generation amount, is defined as the power of the assembling unit in the primary frequency modulation process and the difference that participates in firm power before the primary frequency modulation at the temporal integration of perturbation process.For primary frequency modulation, the integration electric weight in the primary frequency modulation course of action has characterized unit to a certain extent and has participated in the contribution that primary frequency modulation has been done.The calculating of integration electric weight is mainly calculated according to the active power in the PI system and is drawn.
1) the integration start time
In the present embodiment, unit load is responded point that primary frequency modulation begins the to change integration start time as the integration electric weight, and the turning point that unit load begins to change can adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to determine.
Be according to active power as shown in figure 10, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to calculate the synoptic diagram of integration zero-time.The curve 2 that shows among the figure is match broken lines, and the trend basically identical at its general trend and power transition initial stage, the public point of two line segments are promptly thought suitable integration zero-time.
2) integral time length
Primary frequency modulation is generally very short actuation time, no longer than 45 seconds, therefore carried out respectively 15 seconds by the length of integral time, and 30 seconds, the power integration of 45 seconds length.The benefit of dividing time of three different lengths to carry out integration is to understand the different contributions of unit in primary frequency modulation early stage, mid-term and later stage from macroscopic view.
3) integration electric weight algorithm
According to the integration start time and integral time length determine that the integration electric weight algorithm expression formula of primary frequency modulation is:
In the formula:
H
m: the primary frequency modulation integration electric weight of unit m, unit degree;
T
0: the integration start time, unit second, get the turning point that unit load response primary frequency modulation begins to change;
T
1: the integration termination time, unit second get the 15 seconds backward zero hour of integration, 30 seconds, 45 seconds as the integration termination time;
N
i: the i point is the actual power power of unit constantly, the MW of unit, and it obtains from the PI system;
N
0: T0 is the actual power power of unit constantly, the MW of unit, and it obtains from the PI system;
T: sampling time interval, 0.01 second.
6, the response lag time
The response lag timing definition is for beginning to change the needed time when the mains frequency variation reaches the primary frequency modulation working value to unit load, just cross the dead band of unit primary frequency modulation, begin to change the needed time to the load of this unit from mains frequency.The response lag time calculates according to mains frequency.
1, mains frequency is crossed the moment in the dead band of unit primary frequency modulation:
When calculating the primary frequency modulation dead band, the pairing moment of the dead zone location that obtains.
2, unit load moment of beginning to move:
The integration zero-time is exactly the moment that unit load begins to move, i.e. the time point that unit load response primary frequency modulation begins to change.
Above two times are done difference just can obtain this unit response lag time.
7, momentary speed variation
The power-frequency characteristic of momentary speed variation is described when being steady-state operation unit.But might not satisfy the condition of stable state in the primary frequency modulation process, because the adjustment of unit load needs the time, may also not respond corresponding to a frequency departure unit load, new deviation has appearred again in frequency, therefore consider this situation, can only be with regard to comparatively stable a period of time after the load action in the perturbation process, the original definition of pressing momentary speed variation, according to the power of this section period unit, the mean value of frequency, computer set participates in the momentary speed variation of primary frequency modulation.
1. the calculating of average frequency
In the present embodiment, average frequency can calculate with the steamer tach signal, and also available mains frequency calculates, and this is because unit is when being incorporated into the power networks, and the steam turbine tach signal is consistent with the state that mains frequency characterizes.In the present embodiment, adopt the mains frequency Calculation Method.
With the whole disturbance time preceding 1/4th constantly as starting point, with disturbance finish time as terminal point, in this time period, adopt broken line of piecewise linearity trend analysis method match, and make first section of this broken line to be horizontal line (because will find the metastable time period), then the pairing frequency values of horizontal line the last period is an average frequency.
As shown in figure 11, for according to mains frequency, adopt that the piecewise linearity trend analysis method asks average frequency.Wherein, broken line 2 is the match broken line, and one section of its level has been reacted the mean value of a metastable band frequency signal in the disturbance.
2. the calculating of average power
In embodiments of the present invention, the computing velocity rate of change adopts the equivalent active power of governing stage calculation of pressure to replace former meritorious power.This be because:
Because the power of steam turbine itself can't directly be measured, generally all adopt and measure the generator active power of output for a long time as the steam turbine power signal.In steady-state process or gradual process, the steam turbine output power just equals generated output power, but in the dynamic process of sudden change, the two is also unequal.
On the one hand, under many circumstances, the acquisition of primary frequency modulation parameter is not suitable for using generator active power as the original machine power signal.This is because under the situation of frequency fluctuation suddenly, alternator is because itself characteristic, output is meritorious can to show a fluctuation in short-term, but in fact the output of the power of prime mover does not have enough time to respond, it is constant still to keep original value, after a time delay, power just begins the variation of response frequency under the primary frequency modulation effect.These two kinds of effects are superimposed, and often produce and obscure, and the variable power of this falseness has produced very big negative effect to the identification of primary frequency modulation parameter.And under the mains frequency disturbance, it is very little that generator has function signal generally to fluctuate, and noise clutter amplitude is very big, thereby very unfavorable to the analysis of primary frequency modulation dynamic perfromance.
On the other hand, under the not very big situation of power swing, governing stage pressure replaces generator active power, more can react the performance of prime mover primary frequency modulation fast and accurately.
The variation of governing stage pressure directly influences the variation of steam turbine power, and can think between the two and have fixing corresponding relation.Figure 12 is shown as the general transfer function model block diagram of governing stage pressure and steam turbine power.
In the formula,
L (N) and L (p) are respectively the Laplace transform of power signal and the variation of governing stage pressure signal,
F
HP, F
IP, F
LPBe respectively the power partition coefficient of high pressure cylinder, intermediate pressure cylinder and low pressure (LP) cylinder,
T
ZrAnd T
DyBe respectively again the long-pending and low pressure connection volume time constant of thermal capacitance;
If ignore again the long-pending T of thermal capacitance
ZrBe communicated with volume time constant T with low pressure
DyInfluence in dynamic process, then:
Primary frequency modulation mainly is that the fast change disturbance in the electrical network is responded, most important effect is the rapidity and the amplitude of its action to grid stability for it, and governing stage pressure is than the faster effect of more directly reacting the two of other parameter, because adjusting to original machine power, no matter be to adopt sliding pressure, throttling or jet pipe distribution way of steam, the most direct influence is the variation of governing stage pressure, and, the governing stage pressure signal is better than the meritorious Signal-to-Noise of generator, is more suitable for computer program analysis and identification.
Consider that unit governing stage pressure can react the active power of unit comparatively accurately, the influence that needs to remove AGC simultaneously is so in the computing velocity rate of change and the dynamic speed rate of change, adopt the equivalent horsepower of calculating as original machine power.For the removal of AGC, used actual load command signal after primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal and the primary frequency modulation correction, main influence of removing frequency modulation frequency modulation factor when calculating.
The concrete calculating principle of equivalent active power can be represented with following formula:
In the formula,
N
0: disturbance begins the active power of presteady state;
p
0: disturbance begins the unit governing stage pressure of presteady state;
N
i: i equivalent horsepower constantly;
p
i: i governing stage pressure constantly;
N '
i: i actual load instruction constantly.
Preceding 1/4th moment that are carved into disturbance concluding time section when beginning to move with equivalent active power are as starting point, with disturbance finish time as terminal point, in this time period, adopt broken line of piecewise linearity trend analysis method match, and make this broken line be horizontal line for first section, then the pairing power of horizontal line the last period is average power.
As shown in figure 13, be trend curve, the average power that adopts the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to ask according to equivalent active power.Wherein, the horizontal segment of broken line 2 has reacted the mean value that metastable one section power signal changes in the perturbation process equally.
Like this, can obtain the momentary speed variation of unit according to following formula:
In the formula, N
0Be the stable state active power before the disturbance; N
On averageMean value for the equivalent active power that calculates according to present embodiment; N
SpecifiedRatings for the power of the assembling unit.
8, the average velocity rate of change
The average velocity rate of change is defined as the average power variable quantity and the ratio of marking the average frequency variable quantity after one behind the mark one:
Wherein, the average frequency variable quantity behind the mark one is Δ F
On average/ 50, the average power variable quantity behind the mark one is Δ N
On average/ N
SpecifiedVariable power mean value Δ N
On averageWith frequency change mean value Δ F
On averageCalculating, can utilize the integration electric weight to calculate, promptly in whole integral time, the integration of corresponding variable power and frequency change.So just can obtain the average velocity rate of change of unit according to the original definition of momentary speed variation in whole integral time.
In the present embodiment, be same as the calculating of momentary speed variation, average frequency can calculate with the steamer tach signal, and also available mains frequency calculates, and this is because unit is when being incorporated into the power networks, and the steam turbine tach signal is consistent with the state that mains frequency characterizes.In the present embodiment, adopt the mains frequency Calculation Method.In computing formula, wherein, N
SpecifiedRated power for unit;
The average power variable quantity is: Δ N
On average=H/ (t
1-t
0); Wherein,
H: be primary frequency modulation integration electric weight;
t
0: the integration start time, get the time that unit load response primary frequency modulation begins to change;
t
1: the integration concluding time, took away after time beginning 30 seconds;
The average frequency variable quantity is:
Wherein,
f
i: system frequency exceeds the primary frequency modulation operating dead zone frequency constantly of unit.
N: sampling number.
9, the dynamic speed rate of change
The dynamic speed rate of change is defined as unit and begins to respond the primary frequency modulation mean ratio that relative frequency changes and relative power changes in 5 seconds.The dynamic speed rate of change is equivalent to the equivalent speed rate of change in the dynamic process that unit participates in primary frequency modulation adjustment load, and the factor that has wherein comprised load responding speed can be used as and weighs the overall target that unit participates in the primary frequency modulation ability interior.
Variable quantity behind the frequency signal mark one is f=Δ f/50, and as input signal, the variable quantity behind the power signal mark one is w=Δ N/N
Specified, as output signal, wherein the Laplace transform of input signal and output signal obtains: F=L (f)
W＝L(w)
Then the transport function between input and output signal can be expressed as:
W＝G(s)F
E wherein
-τ sBe time delay process.
If ignore the effect of the τ that delays time, order
Then have having noise and not exclusively satisfy under the situation of ideal state: W=F θ+ε, utilize the error ε of principle of least square minimization following formula, the estimated value that can obtain parameter θ is
Frequency and the vector power that to mark like this after one are brought following formula into, just can draw the estimated value of θ, finally obtain the dynamic speed rate of change.
But, not only time-delay τ can not ignore, and significantly to the identification result influence, therefore in solved function, added the time-delay discriminating function, promptly reorganize inputoutput data according to the time-delay of supposing in advance, and identification obtains parameter and deviation, allows the time-delay of hypothesis within the specific limits with given some time delay of fixed step size traversal, and the momentary speed variation of the minimum deflection correspondence that finally obtains is the least-squares estimation value of the final dynamic speed rate of change.Wherein, the equivalent horsepower of power signal for drawing according to the governing stage calculation of pressure.
Figure 14 has provided the data according to section preset time, identification obtains the contrast of dynamic speed rate of change curve of output 2 and real power curve 1, the two is all quite similar on the waveform and the order of magnitude, and the dynamic speed rate of change that proves identification has been reacted the load of actual set and adjusted dynamic process.
10, regulated quantity
Regulated quantity is calculated according to the active power in the PI system and is drawn.As follows, be the account form in the system:
The maximal regulated amount Δ N of unit output in the perturbation process
MaxCalculate according to following formula:
ΔN
max＝(N
max-N
0)*100％/N
GN
Perhaps Δ N
Max=(N
0-N
Min) * 100%/N
GN
N wherein
MaxAnd N
MinBe the peak power and the minimum power of unit in the perturbation process, it can obtain from the PI system;
N
GN: be the rated power of unit;
N
0: the power of unit when beginning for disturbance, the calculating of this power are the average powers of seeking 100 points from the disturbance inverse time zero hour.
11, stabilization time
Unit participates in the primary frequency modulation process, and after mains frequency was stable, unit load reached that to stablize the required time be primary frequency modulation stabilization time.The calculating of stabilization time is according to mains frequency and governing stage calculation of pressure.
1, seeks the stable moment of mains frequency.
From disturbance play the zero hour when calculating average frequency flex point constantly, in this time period, adopt broken line of piecewise linearity trend analysis method match, this broken line leading portion is an oblique line, back segment is a horizontal line, and the flex point of this broken line is exactly the stable moment of mains frequency, as shown in figure 15, for according to the mains frequency fluctuation tendency, adopt the piecewise linearity trend analysis method to find the solution the stable synoptic diagram constantly of mains frequency.
2, seek the moment of steady load:
From equivalent active power begin to move constantly play when calculating average equivalent active power flex point constantly, in this time period, adopt broken line 2 of piecewise linearity trend analysis method match, as shown in figure 16, broken line 2 leading portions are oblique lines, back segment is a horizontal line, the flex point of broken line 2 is exactly the stable moment of mains frequency, the power of this moment is equivalent active power, the active power of AGC of promptly having utilized removal that governing stage pressure and primary frequency modulation correction preload command signal, primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal calculate.
In this embodiment, the primary frequency modulation CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS result of this disturbance is as shown in table 1 below:
The effective disturbance result of calculation of table 1 primary frequency modulation
| Result of calculation numerical value | Unit | |
| The frequency jump amount | -0.06929 | Hz |
| Momentary speed variation | 10.37 | ％ |
| The dynamic speed rate of change | 9.4 | ％ |
| The average velocity rate of change | 11.91 | ％ |
| Active power before the disturbance | 182.46 | MJ |
| Response time | 0.6 | Second |
| The |
2 | Change |
| 15 seconds integration electric weight | 21.19 | MJ |
| 30 seconds integration electric weight | 44.11 | MJ |
| 45 seconds integration electric weight | 69.14 | MJ |
| Regulated quantity | 1.54 | ％ |
| Stabilization time | 4.57 | Second |
By the foregoing description, can be comprehensively objectively in line computation primary frequency modulation performance parameter, the regulator performance of each unit of real-time assessment.The special dynamic speed rate of change of weighing the set speed adjustment characteristic that adds is united use with the static index of routine, can more comprehensively embody unit when net suddenlys change frequently, and the primary frequency modulation characteristic is to the contribution of grid stability.Impel power plant in time to be optimized and to transform by monitoring, make it to adapt to the continuous development of big electrical network the regulator that can not meet the demands.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in the foregoing description method is to instruct relevant hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, this program is when carrying out, can comprise all or part of step in the foregoing description method, described storage medium can comprise: ROM, RAM, disk, CD etc.
Above-described specific embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; and be not intended to limit the scope of the invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being made, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. genset controller properties method for monitoring and analyzing is characterized in that described method comprises:
Utilize measuring power angle device PMU to gather the genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal of genset regulator;
Send the described genset side signal of gathering to grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform and handle, generate the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that the described genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal that utilizes measuring power angle device PMU to gather the genset regulator also comprises: gather described field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, the command signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by quick transmitter;
Gather the described tach signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by speed probe; And
Gather the described pressure signal of genset regulator and send measuring power angle device PMU to by pressure transducer.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described described genset signal that will gather sends grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform to and handles, and generates to comprise that the genset characteristic monitoring result of the dynamic speed rate of change comprises:
Mains frequency according to grid side calculates the generation disturbance start time;
Calculate generated frequency transition amount according to described mains frequency;
According to active power before the calculating of the active power in the PI system generation disturbance;
Calculate formation product according to the active power in the described PI system and divide electric weight;
Calculate generation frequency modulation dead band according to described mains frequency and described switching signal;
Calculate the response lag time that generates according to described mains frequency;
Calculate the formation speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
Calculate according to the active power in the described PI system and described tach signal and to generate the average velocity rate of change;
Calculate the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
Calculate according to the active power in the described PI system and to generate regulated quantity; And
Generate stabilization time according to described mains frequency and the calculating of described pressure signal.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described described genset signal that will gather sends grid side genset characteristic monitoring platform to and handles also and comprise: remove Automatic Generation Control (AGC) effect according to described command signal.
5. as each described method of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that described switching signal is the primary frequency modulation actuating signal;
Described command signal is to revise preload command signal and primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal before the primary frequency modulation;
Described pressure signal is the governing stage pressure signal;
Described tach signal is the steam turbine tach signal.
6. genset controller properties monitoring analysis equipment is characterized in that described equipment comprises:
Disturbance markers generation unit is used for calculating the generation disturbance start time according to the mains frequency of grid side;
Frequency jump amount generation unit calculates generated frequency transition amount according to described mains frequency;
Net horsepower generation unit before the disturbance calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and to generate active power before the disturbance;
The dead band generation unit calculates generation frequency modulation dead band according to described mains frequency and described switching signal;
Integration electric weight generation unit calculates formation product according to the active power in the described PI system and divides electric weight;
Response lag time generation unit calculates the response lag time that generates according to described mains frequency;
The momentary speed variation generation unit calculates the formation speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
Average velocity rate of change generation unit calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and described tach signal and to generate the average velocity rate of change;
Dynamic speed rate of change generation unit calculates the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
The regulated quantity generation unit calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and to generate regulated quantity; And
Stabilization time, generation unit generated stabilization time according to described mains frequency and the calculating of described pressure signal.
7. a genset controller properties monitoring analysis system is characterized in that, described genset controller properties monitoring analysis system comprises genset, measuring power angle device PMU and genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment, wherein,
Described measuring power angle device PMU is used to gather the genset side signal that comprises field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, command signal, tach signal and pressure signal of genset regulator;
Described genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment is used for the described genset side signal of gathering is handled, and generates the genset characteristic monitoring result that comprises the dynamic speed rate of change.
8. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described genset controller properties monitoring analysis system also comprises:
Transmitter is used to gather described field voltage, exciting current, switching signal, the command signal of genset regulator and sends measuring power angle device PMU to fast;
Speed probe is used to gather the described tach signal of genset regulator and sends measuring power angle device PMU to; And
Pressure transducer is used to gather the described pressure signal of genset regulator and sends measuring power angle device PMU to.
9. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described genset characteristic monitoring analysis equipment comprises:
Disturbance markers generation unit is used for calculating the generation disturbance start time according to the mains frequency of grid side;
Frequency jump amount generation unit calculates generated frequency transition amount according to described mains frequency;
Net horsepower generation unit before the disturbance calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and to generate active power before the disturbance;
The dead band generation unit calculates generation frequency modulation dead band according to described mains frequency and described switching signal;
Integration electric weight generation unit calculates formation product according to the active power in the described PI system and divides electric weight;
Response lag time generation unit calculates the response lag time that generates according to described mains frequency;
The momentary speed variation generation unit calculates the formation speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
Average velocity rate of change generation unit calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and described tach signal and to generate the average velocity rate of change;
Dynamic speed rate of change generation unit calculates the generation dynamic speed rate of change according to described pressure signal and described tach signal;
The regulated quantity generation unit calculates according to the active power in the described PI system and to generate regulated quantity; And
Stabilization time, generation unit generated stabilization time according to described mains frequency and the calculating of described pressure signal.
10. as each described system of claim 7-9, it is characterized in that described switching signal is the primary frequency modulation actuating signal;
Described command signal is to revise preload command signal and primary frequency modulation correction afterload command signal before the primary frequency modulation;
Described pressure signal is the governing stage pressure signal;
Described tach signal is the steam turbine tach signal.
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