CN102116681A - Real-time detection device for high potential temperature and method thereof - Google Patents
Real-time detection device for high potential temperature and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a real-time detection device for high potential temperature and a method thereof, which are mainly used for detecting the temperature of a high-voltage thyristor module and a radiator, and the real-time detection device comprises a temperature signal detection unit, a signal conversion unit and a decoding and output unit, wherein the temperature signal detection unit is connected with the signal conversion unit, the signal conversion unit is connected with the decoding and output unit, the temperature signal detection unit is used for converting temperature value of a monitoring point to a resistance signal and transmitting the resistance signal to the signal conversion unit, the signal conversion unit is used for converting the corresponding resistance signal to a frequency signal and transmitting the frequency signal to the decoding and output unit through a photoelectric isolation communication way, and the decoding and output unit is used for converting the frequency signal to a digital signal by calculation, transmitting the digital signal to a monitoring system through a communication unit and completing real-time monitoring of the temperature. By implementing the technical scheme described in the invention, the real-time temperature detection structure can be simplified while isolating impacts of high potential on measurement of the temperature, the reliability is improved, the precision is increased, the transmission distance is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of temperature-detecting device and method thereof, especially relate to a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus and method thereof that the high-pressure thyristor valve temperature detection is isolated based on photoelectricity that be applied to, this devices and methods therefor also can be applicable to other power semiconductor temperature detection and relevant noble potential temperature detection field thereof.
Background technology
In static reactive power compensation system and electrical power trans mission/distribution system, thyristor is very important ingredient.Thyristor bears the impact of big electric current continually during work, if radiating condition is bad, can cause the temperature on the thyristor too high, will directly reduce the current capacity of thyristor like this, the serviceable life of loss thyristor, even burn thyristor; Therefore costing an arm and a leg of thyristor be very necessary to the operating temperature monitoring in real time that is in the noble potential thyristor simultaneously.In the middle of prior art, mainly contain following several temperature detection mode:
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, measuring accuracy is high, good reliability, transmission range is long, cost is low, can effectively isolate high pressure temperature-detecting device and the method thereof of noble potential to thermometric influence, these apparatus and method are mainly used in the temperature detection of high-pressure thyristor module and heating radiator.
The present invention specifically provides a kind of embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus, a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus comprises: the temperature signal detecting unit, signal conversion unit, the decoding output unit, the temperature signal detecting unit links to each other with signal conversion unit, signal conversion unit links to each other with the decoding output unit, the temperature signal detecting unit is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and give signal conversion unit, signal conversion unit is converted to frequency signal with the resistance signal of correspondence, it is the high-low level signal, and send the high-low level signal to the decoding output unit by photoelectricity isolated communication mode, the decoding output unit is through calculating, convert frequency signal to binary digital signal, send surveillance to by communication unit, finish the real-time monitoring of temperature.By the transmission mode that adopts photoelectricity to isolate, can effectively avoid the influence of noble potential to temperature detection.Send detected temperature information to surveillance by communication unit and show that monitor temperature changes in real time, can realize the protection of arbitrary temp value.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, the resistance signal that signal conversion unit generates the temperature signal detecting unit is converted to light signal output, and signal conversion unit sends frequency signal to the decoding output unit by optical fiber.Transmit coded signal by optical fiber, be not vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI), make transmission range further prolong simultaneously.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, the temperature signal detecting unit comprises platinum resistance temperature sensor, platinum resistance temperature sensor is imbedded the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, platinum resistance temperature sensor is an arm resistance in the unbalance bridge circuit, a lead of platinum resistance temperature sensor is received the power end of unbalance bridge circuit, all the other two leads receive the brachium pontis at platinum resistance temperature sensor place respectively and the brachium pontis that is adjacent on.Use platinum resistance temperature sensor, improved thermometric precision greatly.Platinum resistance temperature sensor is imbedded the metering system of the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, and sensing improves the precision of temperature detection simultaneously greatly from the true temperature of monitoring point in real time.The three-wire system mode of connection of platinum resistance temperature sensor can effectively reduce the measuring error that lead resistance is brought.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, three sectional area of wire that platinum resistance temperature sensor is drawn and identical length with.Can further effectively reduce the measuring error that lead resistance is brought in the three-wire system mode of connection.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, signal conversion unit comprises high pressure side-draw energy circuit, and signal conversion unit can be got energy by circuit from the high pressure side-draw, for the signal conversion unit circuit working provides electric energy.The high pressure side-draw can further comprise thyristor by circuit, dynamic voltage balancing resistance, dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity, amplitude limiter circuit, diode and electric capacity, dynamic voltage balancing resistance, dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity and amplitude limiter circuit are formed series circuit, be connected in parallel on the two ends of thyristor simultaneously, diode V2 is connected in parallel on the two ends of amplitude limiter circuit, and diode V1 and capacitor C 2 are formed series circuit, be connected in parallel on the two ends of amplitude limiter circuit simultaneously, when thyristor bears forward voltage, to dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity and capacitor C 2 chargings, when the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2 surpasses setting value, the amplitude limiter circuit action, diode V2 ends, and capacitor C 2 stops charging, and the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2 remains amplitude limit value.By increasing high pressure side-draw energy circuit, signal conversion unit can directly can be got energy by a circuit from height point position side-draw, does not need outside independent power supply, has saved electric supply installation, has reduced the complicacy of system.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, signal conversion unit comprises operational amplifier, V/F modular converter and optical fiber send the loop, operational amplifier connects the voltage output end of unbalance bridge circuit, unbalance bridge circuit is converted to voltage signal with the resistance signal of platinum resistance temperature sensor, and amplify the voltage signal that obtains required scope by operational amplifier, the voltage signal that amplifies carries out the voltage-frequency conversion through the V/F modular converter, obtain corresponding to the frequency signal of voltage signal, pass through triode again, fiber optic transmitter, the optical fiber that resistance constitutes sends the loop, obtains required light pulse signal.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of the present invention, the decoding output unit comprises fiber optic receiver, processor and communication unit, the light pulse signal of signal conversion unit output is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, after processor receives electric impulse signal, at first doing digital filtering handles, the filtering high-frequency signal disturbs, processor carries out accumulated counts to treated electric impulse signal in the unit interval, by counting to get the frequency of input signal, and be converted to binary digital signal and give monitor by communication unit and show.
The present invention also specifically provides a kind of embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection method, and the method that a kind of noble potential temperature detects in real time may further comprise the steps:
Platinum resistance temperature sensor is imbedded the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, and described platinum resistance temperature sensor is set to an arm resistance in the unbalance bridge circuit;
The temperature signal detecting unit is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and sends signal conversion unit to;
Signal conversion unit is converted to frequency signal with the resistance signal of correspondence, and promptly the high-low level signal is light signal output again with the high-low level conversion of signals, and sends the decoding output unit to;
Decoding output unit receiving optical signals is converted to electric impulse signal, converts frequency signal to binary digital signal through calculating, and sends surveillance to by communication unit, finishes the real-time monitoring to temperature.
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection method of the present invention, also further may further comprise the steps:
The light pulse signal of signal conversion unit output is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, and gives processor processing;
After processor receives electric impulse signal, at first do digital filtering and handle, the filtering high-frequency signal disturbs, after give counter, accumulated counts in the unit interval;
Counter divided by the unit interval, obtains the frequency f of input signal by the numerical value that counts to get;
Calculate the temperature value of this electric impulse signal representative according to frequency f and temperature T, and send surveillance to by serial communication mode and monitor demonstration in real time.
By implementing the embodiment of the present invention's a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus and method thereof, can reach following technique effect:
(1) can effectively avoid the influence of noble potential to temperature detection, especially when adopting the photoelectricity isolation method, transmit coded signal by optical fiber, not be vulnerable to electromagnetic interference (EMI), transmission range further prolongs;
(2) send detected temperature information to surveillance by communication unit and show that monitor temperature changes in real time, cooperate software can realize the protection of arbitrary temp value;
(3) do not need outside power supply separately, can directly get energy, saved electric supply installation, reduced the complicacy of system from side RC loop, height point position;
(4) temperature sensor adopts the three-wire system mode of connection, can reduce the error that lead-in wire brings effectively;
(5) adopt platinum resistance to measure temperature, the thermistor etc. of comparing has good long term stability, and good measuring accuracy, whole measuring error be no more than ± and 0.5 ℃.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural principle block diagram of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus temperature detecting unit sensor;
Fig. 3 is the three-wire system wiring diagram of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus temperature detecting unit sensor;
Fig. 4 is the three-wire system elementary diagram of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus temperature detecting unit sensor;
Fig. 5 is that a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus signal conversion unit temperature detection plate is got the energy circuit theory diagrams;
Fig. 6 is the circuit theory diagrams of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus signal conversion unit temperature detection plate;
Fig. 7 is the software program flow chart of a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus decoding output unit.
Wherein: 1-temperature signal detecting unit, 2-signal conversion unit, the 3-output unit of decoding, the 4-unbalance bridge circuit, the 5-operational amplifier, the 6-V/F modular converter, 7-optical fiber sends loop, Rf-platinum resistance temperature sensor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
Embodiment as a kind of noble potential temperature of the present invention real-time detection apparatus, temperature sensor among the present invention is installed near the thyristor module, and link to each other with the temperature detection plate of temperature signal detecting unit 1, under the charged situation of thyristor valve, high pressure temperature detection plate can be got and can work by circuit from the high pressure side-draw, gives decoding output unit 3 by optical fiber transmission pulse train and reads, after decoding, can give surveillance, reach the purpose of real-time monitor temperature.
Shown in the structural principle block diagram of a kind of noble potential temperature of Fig. 1 real-time detection apparatus, a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus, comprise temperature signal detecting unit 1, signal conversion unit 2, decoding output unit 3, temperature signal detecting unit 1 links to each other with signal conversion unit 2, signal conversion unit 2 links to each other with decoding output unit 3, temperature signal detecting unit 1 is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and give signal conversion unit 2, signal conversion unit 2 is converted to frequency signal with the resistance signal of correspondence, it is the high-low level signal, and by photoelectricity isolated communication mode with the high-low level signal send to the decoding output unit 3, decoding output unit 3 is through calculating, convert frequency signal to binary digital signal, send surveillance to, finish the real-time monitoring of temperature by communication unit.Except photoelectricity isolated communication mode, infrared communication, radio communication, and the Bluetooth communication mode can realize that also the noble potential isolated temperature detects, still restriction to some extent on transmission range.
Wherein, each Elementary Function is as follows:
The function of temperature signal detecting unit 1 is to detect the temperature of measurement point, and Rf finishes by platinum resistance temperature sensor.Platinum resistance temperature sensor Rf output corresponds to the resistance of temperature, offers detecting signal unit 1, and the structured flowchart of detecting signal unit 1 as shown in Figure 3.Platinum resistance temperature sensor Rf imbeds the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, and adopts the three-wire system mode of connection as shown in Figure 3, can effectively reduce the measuring error that lead resistance is brought.Three-wire system mode of connection principle is as follows: preceding make demands be platinum resistance temperature sensor three sectional area of wire of drawing and identical length with; In the unbalance bridge circuit 4 of measuring platinum resistance temperature sensor Rf, platinum resistance is as an arm resistance of electric bridge, with power end of receiving electric bridge of lead, on all the other two brachium pontis of receiving the brachium pontis at platinum resistance place respectively and being adjacent, as shown in Figure 4, Rt represents the actual value of platinum resistance, and r represents lead resistance; When bridge balancing, by calculating as can be known, Rt=R1R3/R2+R1r/R2-r, when R1=R2, Rt=R3.As seen the variation of lead resistance without any influence, has so just been eliminated the measuring error that wire line resistance brings to measurement result.
The function of signal conversion unit 2 mainly is that the resistance signal that temperature signal detecting unit 1 generates is converted to light signal output, is mainly finished by the temperature detection plate.The temperature detection plate is got energy from the high-pressure side circuit, and the high pressure side-draw can provide working power for signal conversion unit 2 by circuit, shown in Fig. 5 frame of broken lines.T1 is a thyristor, R1, C1 are the dynamic voltage balancing resistance capacitance, when thyristor T1 bears forward voltage, to capacitor C 1, C2 charging, when the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2 surpasses DC50V, amplitude limiter circuit XF action, the V2 diode ends, C2 stops charging, and its terminal voltage remains amplitude limit value, and the energy power supply road work of storage is required.Fig. 6 (a) part is utilized the principle of unbalanced bridge, and resistance signal is converted to voltage signal.Platinum resistance Rt constitutes unbalanced bridge as an arm resistance with R1, R2, R3, and after the resistance of platinum resistance Rt changed, the voltage difference in the middle of the electric bridge between 2 of m, the n also changed thereupon, realizes that promptly resistance signal is converted to voltage signal.Through after the negative feedback operational amplifier amplification certain multiple, can obtain the voltage signal V1 of required scope shown in Fig. 6 (b) part, V1 carries out the voltage-frequency conversion through V/F modular converter 6, obtains corresponding to the frequency signal f1 of voltage signal; F1 sends loop 7 at the optical fiber that constitutes through triode Q1, fiber optic transmitter TX, resistance R 1, shown in Fig. 6 (c) part, promptly obtains required light pulse signal.Adopt the optical signal transmission mode to realize the isolation of high-low pressure current potential, and be not easy to be subjected to external electromagnetic interference.
The function of decoding output unit 3 mainly is the light signal that signal conversion unit 2 is generated, decode and read, be converted to the discernible binary digital signal of computing machine, and with sending the monitor demonstration to, as a kind of typical embodiment, adopt 485 communication modes to send digital signal to surveillance and show.The decoding of decoding output unit 3 is read, and conversion of signals and transport processor are finished, processor adopting digital processing chip CPLD(Complex Programmable Logic Device, CPLD) finish.Adopt CPLD to handle, can improve the speed of computing, further improve the real-time of temperature detection process.Light pulse signal is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, gives CPLD and handles.After CPLD receives electric impulse signal, at first doing digital filtering handles, the filtering high-frequency signal is the interference of burr signal, after give counter, accumulated counts in the unit interval, the numerical value that counts to get is divided by the unit interval, can obtain the frequency of this signal, realized that promptly electric impulse signal is converted to binary digital signal, can calculate the temperature value of this electric impulse signal representative according to the formula of signal conversion unit, and send temperature information to monitor by 485 communications and show, reach the purpose of real-time monitoring.
As a kind of embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection method of the present invention, shown in the routine processes flow process of Fig. 7, the method that a kind of noble potential temperature detects in real time may further comprise the steps:
Platinum resistance temperature sensor Rf is imbedded the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, and described platinum resistance temperature sensor Rf is set to an arm resistance in the unbalance bridge circuit 4;
Temperature signal detecting unit 1 is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and sends signal conversion unit 2 to;
As the further embodiment of noble potential temperature real-time detection method of the present invention, noble potential temperature real-time detection method further may further comprise the steps:
The light pulse signal of signal conversion unit 2 outputs is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, and gives processor processing;
After processor receives electric impulse signal, at first do digital filtering and handle, the filtering high-frequency signal disturbs, after give counter, accumulated counts in the unit interval; Counter divided by the unit interval, obtains the frequency f of input signal by the numerical value that counts to get; Calculate the temperature value of this electric impulse signal representative according to the conversion relation between frequency f and the temperature T, conversion relation between frequency f and the temperature T is main relevant with V/F modular converter resistance capacitance on every side with amplifier amplifier 5, and sends surveillance to by serial communication mode and monitor demonstration in real time.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise temperature signal detecting unit (1), signal conversion unit (2), decoding output unit (3), temperature signal detecting unit (1) links to each other with signal conversion unit (2), signal conversion unit (2) links to each other with decoding output unit (3), temperature signal detecting unit (1) is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and give signal conversion unit (2), signal conversion unit (2) is converted to frequency signal with the resistance signal of correspondence, it is the high-low level signal, and by photoelectricity isolated communication mode with the high-low level signal send to the decoding output unit (3), decoding output unit (3) is through calculating, convert frequency signal to binary digital signal, send surveillance to by communication unit, finish the real-time monitoring of temperature.
2. a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the resistance signal that described signal conversion unit (2) generates temperature signal detecting unit (1) is converted to light signal output, and signal conversion unit (2) sends frequency signal to decoding output unit (3) in the mode of high-low level signal by optical fiber.
3. a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described temperature signal detecting unit (1) comprises platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf), platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is imbedded the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is an arm resistance in the unbalance bridge circuit (4), a lead of platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is received the power end of unbalance bridge circuit (4), all the other two leads receive the brachium pontis at platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) place respectively and the brachium pontis that is adjacent on.
4. a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus according to claim 3 is characterized in that: three sectional area of wire that described platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is drawn and identical length with, to reduce the error that lead resistance is brought.
5. according to the described a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of arbitrary claim in the claim 1,2,4, it is characterized in that: described signal conversion unit (2) comprises high pressure side-draw energy circuit, signal conversion unit (2) can be got energy by circuit from the high pressure side-draw, for the signal conversion unit circuit working provides electric energy.
6. a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described high pressure side-draw can comprise thyristor (T1) by circuit, dynamic voltage balancing resistance (R1), dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity (C1), amplitude limiter circuit (XF), diode and electric capacity, dynamic voltage balancing resistance (R1), dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity (C1) is formed series circuit with amplitude limiter circuit (XF), be connected in parallel on the two ends of thyristor (T1) simultaneously, diode V2 is connected in parallel on the two ends of amplitude limiter circuit (XF), diode V1 and capacitor C 2 formed series circuits, is connected in parallel on the two ends of amplitude limiter circuit (XF) simultaneously, when thyristor (T1) when bearing forward voltage, to dynamic voltage balancing electric capacity (C1) and capacitor C 2 chargings, when the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2 surpasses setting value, amplitude limiter circuit (XF) action, diode V2 ends, capacitor C 2 stops charging, and the terminal voltage of capacitor C 2 remains amplitude limit value.
7. according to claim 1,2,4, the described a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of arbitrary claim in 6, it is characterized in that: described signal conversion unit (2) comprises operational amplifier (5), V/F modular converter (6) and optical fiber send loop (7), operational amplifier connects the voltage output end of unbalance bridge circuit (4), unbalance bridge circuit (4) is converted to voltage signal with the resistance signal of platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf), and amplify the voltage signal that obtains required scope by operational amplifier (5), the voltage signal that amplifies carries out the voltage-frequency conversion through V/F modular converter (6), obtain corresponding to the frequency signal of voltage signal, pass through triode (Q1) again, fiber optic transmitter (TX), the optical fiber that resistance (R1) constitutes sends loop (7), obtains required light pulse signal.
8. according to claim 1,2,4, the described a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection apparatus of arbitrary claim in 6, it is characterized in that: described decoding output unit (3) comprises fiber optic receiver, processor and communication unit, the light pulse signal of signal conversion unit (2) output is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, after processor receives electric impulse signal, at first doing digital filtering handles, the filtering high-frequency signal disturbs, processor carries out accumulated counts to treated electric impulse signal in the unit interval, by counting to get the frequency of input signal, and be converted to binary digital signal and give monitor by communication unit and show.
9. one kind is utilized the described noble potential temperature of claim 1 real-time detection apparatus to carry out the method that the noble potential temperature detects in real time, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is imbedded the monitoring point of required measurement by screw thread, described platinum resistance temperature sensor (Rf) is set to a arm resistance in the unbalance bridge circuit (4);
Temperature signal detecting unit (1) is converted to resistance signal with the temperature value of monitoring point, and sends signal conversion unit (2) to;
Signal conversion unit (2) is converted to frequency signal with the resistance signal of correspondence, and promptly the high-low level signal is light signal output again with the high-low level conversion of signals, and sends decoding output unit (3) to;
Decoding output unit (3) receiving optical signals is converted to electric impulse signal, converts frequency signal to binary digital signal through calculating, and sends surveillance to by communication unit, finishes the real-time monitoring to temperature.
10. a kind of noble potential temperature real-time detection method according to claim 9 is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
The light pulse signal of signal conversion unit (2) output is converted to electric impulse signal through fiber optic receiver, and gives processor processing;
After processor receives electric impulse signal, at first do digital filtering and handle, the filtering high-frequency signal disturbs, after give counter, accumulated counts in the unit interval;
Counter divided by the unit interval, obtains the frequency f of input signal by the numerical value that counts to get;
Calculate the temperature value of this electric impulse signal representative according to frequency f and temperature T, and send surveillance to by serial communication mode and monitor demonstration in real time.
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| CN105571739B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-11-13 | 山东鲁能智能技术有限公司 | A kind of electric vehicle charging pipette tips system for detecting temperature and detection method |
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| CN107202649A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-09-26 | 邱翠雯 | A kind of temperature sensor of high-precision wide output voltage |
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Application publication date: 20110706 |