CN102116216A

CN102116216A - Hybrid detonation rotor shaft (all-electric) intelligent engine

Info

Publication number: CN102116216A
Application number: CN2010106135837A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 董国光
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-12-30
Filing date: 2010-12-30
Publication date: 2011-07-06

Abstract

The invention discloses a new design of a detonation rotor shaft engine structure, and provides a hybrid rotor shaft engine by adopting the inertia energy storage technology of a turbine rotor according to the characteristic of high rotation speed of an engine turbine rotor. The composite turbine of the engine is directly connected with a bidirectional integral power generating/ power-driven motor, thus electric energy is generated directly by the engine, and the engine becomes the (all-electric) engine outputting electric energy; the start, speed acceleration and turnoff of each power source are controlled by the engine according to loading information in due time, thus the engine only works in an efficient region with a limited speed range and a limited efficiency range; and hot end components are manufactured by adopting continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite-silicon carbide materials (CFCC-SIC), thus the detonation can be applied in engineering. The hybrid detonation rotor shaft (all-electric) intelligent engine can be widely used in the fields of road traffic, energy sources, aviation, military and the like, is especially suitable for modular hybrid intelligent power system required by an electric locomotive, an electric tank, an electric airplane, and an electric ship.

Description

Mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of motor, a kind of detonation rotor shaft generator.Particularly relate to a kind of heat energy and change into mechanical energy, and drive motor is produced (entirely) motor of electric energy gaseous fuel or liquid fuel (rock gas or fuel oil) and air mixing burning generation.

Two, background technique

At present, the detonation rotor shaft generator is a kind of concept engine.Be the High Temperature High Pressure detonation wave that utilizes isochoric combustion to produce, impulse turbine, by output shaft, the motor of output shaft power.Different with isobaric combustion, detonation is the burning of being undertaken by under the High Temperature High Pressure of SHOCK WAVE INDUCED, has the shock wave that supersonic speed is propagated the band chemical reaction, is the highest form of gaseous combustion blast.In the process of the chemical energy that is undertaken by burning, heat energy, mechanical energy conversion, adopt the conversion ratio of the detonation mode energy to be about 50%, and adopt the detonation mode can only obtain about 30% energy transition rate.This is to add the adiabatic expansion process because of appearances such as the detonation process is compression, and deflagration is the isopiestic process that is similar to.No matter and be that the burning of carrying out in the firing chamber in the various motors such as aircraft, automobile, steamer all is a deflagration now.Why like this, be because detonation velocity is too fierce, and energy discharge of rate is too high, be difficult to control.For making detonation wave be applied to various engineering purposes, improve rate of energy, just require detonation wave is stablized lasting circulation in the firing chamber that is controlled at motor, allow motor under high frequency, carry out work.How fast and reliable ground fuel combination and oxygenant, and inject the firing chamber fast, shortening DDT distance and direct initiation, these all are the detonation engine key technologies.But prior art does not also reach this purpose, makes the detonation rotor shaft generator, uses as the engineering of universal significance to be restricted.

In the detonation rotor shaft generator, the supersonic speed shock wave that detonation produces, impulse turbine makes turbine rotor rotating speed high (several ten thousand to tens0000 change approximately).The mechanical energy that this rotary inertia stores is the storage density height not only, and extraction is comparatively convenient, therefore simply and effectively utilizes the turbine rotor energy stored, makes detonation rotor axle hybrid power engine become possibility.

Three, summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is requirement, propose a kind of new design of detonation rotor shaft generator structure at prior art.And, adopt turbine rotor inertia energy storage technology according to the high-revolving characteristics of engine turbine rotor, a kind of mixed power rotor spindle engine is proposed.The composite turbine of motor directly is connected with two-way integral generating/electric motor, makes motor directly produce electric energy, becomes (entirely) motor of output electric energy.

Major technique feature of the present invention is made up of composite turbine, heating Diffuser, the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool, turbine rotor inertia energy storage system, compound casing and end cap etc.

Above-mentioned composite turbine be by centrifugal compressor turbine and entad gas turbine be combined into a turbine.Be exactly each additional centrifugal compressor turbine in the axial both sides of a two-sided entad gas turbine, they are cast an integral body.All there are suction port and relief opening in the both sides of composite turbine like this, and motor has heated the mixed gas in the centrifugal compressor in exhaust, and mixed gas has also played the effect of cooling combustion turbine.The turbine blade of centrifugal compressor promptly is the radiating fin of gas turbine, also is the heating and the blending blade of mixed gas.Because the requirement that the air incoming flow injection rate of natural inflow detonation engine does not reach high frequency detonation, more be not suitable for the requirement that modern motor improves constantly specific power, for realizing high frequency detonation engine incoming flow injection rate, just require centrifugal compressor turbine on the composite turbine to manufacture monopolar high-voltage and compare turbosupercharger, for realizing the monopolar high-voltage ratio, the centrifugal compressor internal flow is a transonic flow.

Entad gas turbine is simple in structure, still can obtain greater efficiency under small flow.Therefore the entad gas turbine in the composite turbine adopts two-sided entad gas turbine structure, to remedy the entad little shortcoming of gas turbine flow.And can guarantee the balance of axial moment to help high-revolving turbine rotor.Entad gas-turbine blade is made up of big blade and splitterr vanes.Combustion gas is axially discharged by the turbine radial air inlet.

Above-mentioned heating Diffuser is that the kinetic energy with the transonic speed air-flow that centrifugal compressor extruded of composite turbine both sides changes pressure potential energy into.Be that expansion shape intake duct with both sides radial blade formula Diffuser and neutral position is coated on the external annulus of the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool.Vortex shape diffusion blade promptly is the radiating fin of firing chamber, also is the heater band of premixed gas, has also played the intensity effect of reinforcement firing chamber simultaneously.For centrifugal compressor incoming flow transonic speed, the heating Diffuser cools off condition of high temperature lower combustion chamber outer wall in the effect of satisfying diffusion simultaneously, heats premixed gas simultaneously in cooling, help mixing, the evaporation of fuel in the premixed gas, the inlet temperature of premixed gas before the raising firing chamber.

The above-mentioned chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool is to detonate by staying the whirlpool, repeats detonation two-stage center sudden expansion type combustion chambers in tandem and constitutes.First order charge firing chamber in the whirlpool under the injection of premixed gas incoming flow transonic speed because shear layer and near the gas of sudden expansion face under pressure gradient, form annular recirculating zone, form the large scale spiral structure in the recirculating zone.Vortex in the recirculating zone is in continuous generation, and development is to coming off.In the initial generation phase of vortex, the speed of premixed gas is the slowest, is fit to the high-energy ignition condition, after the premixed gas incoming flow is lighted, the effect of this recirculating zone is to strengthen not fire main flow and the exchange of the matter and energy of product already, quickens flame spread, lights as early as possible and after-flame main flow mixed gas.The size of recirculating zone, shape is to the standing vortex burning chamber steady flame and stable main flow burning decisive role.And require this field must possess certain energy intensity and energy total amount.This requires the recirculating zone area can not be too little, otherwise can badly influence the flame spread effect.When the vortex of lighting develops into when coming off, the time compole short, do not have sufficient energy to light the main flow mixed gas.For strengthening the burning energy intensity of recirculating zone, the sudden expansion cross section is provided with annular groove, makes the vortex of lighting slow down falling speed, and the vortex that comes off through groove has had sufficient energy intensity annular to light the main flow mixed gas.When already mixed gas incoming flow of part is injected on the circular arc rear surface of firing chamber, produced the oblique fire shock wave and heat discharges the extensional wave weave in, after between the ripple a series of interactions taking place, formed the stable C-J detonation wave of keeping certainly at last.This ripple is combined by shock wave and deflagration wave.Under premixed gas incoming flow stable status, detonation remains static with respect to the firing chamber, therefore only need initially detonate once, even if the sustainable propagation of detonation wave is gone down.

Detonation wave is injected the second level and is repeated the detonation combustion chamber by the sudden expansion spout.On the sudden expansion cross section, detonation wave produces crooked, and wave surface is long-pending to be increased, and speed reduces, leading shock wave and reaction zone decoupling zero, and the leading shock wave after the decoupling zero compresses once more to the unreacted mixed gas of part.Further improve the temperature and pressure of mixed gas thus, in the gas of this compression, detonate again, obtain a mistake and drive the detonation process by shock wave interaction.Since cross drive detonation wave after pressure higher with temperature, therefore abundant raising energy conversion efficiency.Also there is annular groove firing chamber, the second level on the sudden expansion cross section, served as the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas that drives detonation wave and impacted on annular groove, will reflect a pressure wave opposite with the chamber pressure pulsation phase, can effectively reduce the pressure pulsation of firing chamber.Tail end in the firing chamber is provided with and the radially tangent exhaust gas nozzle of gas turbine entad, crosses the firing chamber in and drives the high pressure-temperature combustion gas that detonation wave produces, and by exhaust gas nozzle tangential impact turbine, drives composite turbine and rotates.When detonation wave arrives the turbine blade leading edge, there is the stagnation zone of high pressure near the blade inlet edge, make exhaust gas nozzle be in the state that is jammed, otherwise can't keep the pressure pulsation in the firing chamber.Center sudden expansion type detonation combustion in whirlpool chamber of two-stage series connection has the combustion characteristic of pulse detonation and ultra-combustion ramjet burning double-mode, and energy transition rate will reach 50%.

Above-mentioned turbine rotor inertia energy storage system is made up of turbine rotor, magnetic levitation bearing system, turbine rotor environment vacuum system, super capacitor one (holding) battery associating power supply.The shared main shaft of composite turbine and generating/electric double-way integrated electric motor rotor is formed turbine rotor.Composite turbine is under detonation wave impacts, and the turbine rotor rotating speed changes the mechanical energy density height that this rotary inertia stores up to several ten thousand to tens0000.But the key of inertia energy storage is to reduce mechanical loss of energy, and the loss of this part energy mainly is made up of air friction resistance and spin friction resistance two-part.Turbine rotor then reduces the air friction resistance by the air pressure that reduces the turbine rotor working environment.Its ideal operation environment of turbine rotor is a vacuum environment, because the sealing technique restriction just is reduced to the acceptable degree with the air friction resistance usually.The composite turbine of high speed rotating itself is exactly a centrifugal vacuum compressor.After motor stops to provide fuel and discharges flue gas, vacuum solenoid on the suction tude closes valve, composite turbine is worked as first order vacuum compressor, be evacuated down to certain moment, close the vacuum solenoid on the outlet pipe, turbine rotor is in the seal space, starts independently Motorized vacuum system.Independently the Motorized vacuum system reduces turbine rotor overall work external pressure, has reduced the surface friction drag of air.In order to reduce the surface friction drag that the high speed rotating turbine rotor is produced, turbine rotor supports by adopting magnetic suspension bearing, contactless support is fixed on the turbine rotor in the vacuum space, and the turbine rotor high speed rotating is exported the mechanical energy of storage in a vacuum and produced electric energy.

When engine operation, turbine rotor is the input output energy simultaneously, under the situation of generator power nargin permission, can with the power output that superposes simultaneously of turbine rotor inertia energy stored.According to working condition requirement, super capacitor-(holding) battery associating power supply, to the electric energy of motor output, instantaneous storage and release are carried out trace adjustment to the electromotion system electricity consumption.Super capacitor-(holding) battery associating power supply combines with the capacitor with high power density having high energy storage density (holding) battery, can form one and have energy storage, conversion, power adjustments function in the high power power device of one.This associating power supply not only has the instantaneous high power density the same with ultracapacitor, but also has the such energy storage density of battery pack, be fit to the instantaneous charge-discharge performance requirement of detonation (entirely) motor, be more suitable in the energy requirement of engine start with high-power electric current and direct triggering discharge firing chamber igniting.

Above-mentioned compound casing is that heating Diffuser and the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool and ring casing are combined into an integral body.Compound casing internal diameter matches with the composite turbine external diameter, and the high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas that the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool on the casing produces by exhaust gas nozzle, tangentially sprays into the entad gas turbine in composite turbine neutral position.The premixed gas that compressor turbine extruded of the axial both sides of composite turbine, by heating diffuser passage on the compound casing, expansion shape intake duct enters the firing chamber.Heating Diffuser and the quantity of the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool on compound casing are to be decided by centrifugal compressor discharge capacity and combustion chamber heat dynamics Design.

Above-mentioned end cap is that the end cap of suction tude outlet pipe and composite turbine is made parts.The arranged radially of air inlet-outlet pipe vortex shape all is provided with the magnetic control vacuum valve on the air inlet-outlet pipe.End cap and compound casing are fixedly connected, and adopt the journal packing structure with main shaft.

Because above-mentioned composite turbine, compound casing, left and right sides end cap all is the main hot-end component of motor, adopt (CFCC-SIC) fiber reinforced composite silicon carbide ceramic material manufacturing.(CFCC-SIC) be a kind of heat structure/function integration new material that has metallic material, stupalith and material with carbon element feature performance benefit concurrently, low and the characteristics such as density big, stupalith fragility big and poor reliability, material oxidative stability difference and intensity is low of metallic material heatproof have been overcome, have that high temperature resistant, low density, height ratio are strong, height ratio mould, anti-oxidant, the anti-ablation, insensitive to crackle, characteristics such as calamitous damage do not take place.CFCC-SIC can take over polymer composites and improve intensity and serviceability temperature, take over metallic material and can improve serviceability temperature and loss of weight, compare with carbon/carbon compound material and can improve oxidative stability and working life, become the hot-end component best applications material of long lifetime below 1500 ℃.

From the working mechanism of mixed power, the intelligent generator of detonation rotor axle (entirely) as can be seen, the control of motor is multivariable, non-linear, multi-functional control procedure.Rely on sensor data information, engine performance and state are carried out self-management initiatively.By the full-digital intelligent control system, can make energy, the turbine rotor inertia energy stored of detonation engine, super capacitor-(holding) battery associating power supply energy stored, three kinds of power by common power bus with electrical energy transfer in the control of driving load motor.The mixed power system energy management module carries out the optimization that each coupled power distributes according to the intelligent menagement instruction between three power plant.According to their in good time starting of working condition requirement control, quicken and close.Motor only is operated in all very limited efficient region of velocity range and efficiency range, thereby further improves whole work efficiency.

Four, description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine schematic representation

Accompanying drawing 2 mixed powers, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine A-A sectional view

Accompanying drawing 3 end cap schematic representation

Accompanying drawing 4 chamber of detonation combustion in whirlpool schematic representation

In the above-mentioned accompanying drawing: 1 suction tude, 2 centrifugal compressor turbines, 3 heating Diffusers, 4 vortex shape diffuser vanes, 5 expansion shape intake ducts, the chambers of detonation combustion in the whirlpool 6,7 combustion gas spin nozzles, 8 compound casings, 9 two-sided entad gas turbines, 10 composite turbines, 11 fuel gas exhaust pipes, 12 rock gas nozzles, 13 fuel nozzles, 14 end caps, 15 axial magnetic suspension bearings, 16 axially locating dishes, 17 main shafts, 18 radial magnetic bearings, 19 electronic/generating two-way integral rotors, 20 exhaust magnetic control vacuum valves, 21 air inlet magnetic control vacuum valves, 22 first order center dump combustion chambers, center, 23 second level dump combustion chamber, 24 first order sudden expansion cross section annular grooves, sudden expansion cross section, 25 second level annular groove, 26 annular recirculating zones, 27 wave surfaces, the big blade of 28 turbines, 29 turbine bypass blades, 30 premixed gas, 31 combustion gas, 32 circular arc rear surfaces

Five, embodiment

Embodiment 1:

Distributed energy is based on thermoelectric cold cogeneration technology, is connected with gas distributing system with big electrical network, and the user in certain zone provides electric power, steam, hot water, cold energy services system simultaneously.The motor of natural gas fuel of the present invention is provided with the rock gas nozzle on suction tude, the natural gas via nozzle sprays into intake duct.Spray gas discharge according to the adjustment of centrifugal compressor air mass flow.Rock gas and air are under stoichiometric ratio, through the blending of centrifugal compressor blade high speed, the heating of turbine wall enters the heating Diffuser and carries out double heating and mix, improve the reactivity and the uniformity of pre-mixed gas, increased the basal temperature and the pressure of premixed gas.Premixed gas detonates through staying the whirlpool, and after the repetition detonation secondary combustion chamber, the detonation shock wave impacts composite turbine, and turbine rotor is under the supporting of magnetic suspension bearing, and the incorporate rotor of generating/electric double-way is produced electric energy in the space of vacuum.The 600-750 of its discharge ℃ flue gas is used step by step by various technology, finally can reach the efficiency of energy utilization more than 90%.

Embodiment 2:

Mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine use liquid fuel kerosene.Than gaseous fuel, kerosene must pass through physical processes such as atomizing, evaporation and blending, could form can quick-fried mixed gas, and kerosene is because its molecular weight is big, the structure of molecule complexity, volatility is poor, rate of burning is little, and normal temperature is difficult to down trigger detonation wave in the air again, only in the premixing of having taked fuel mixture, preheat, the prevapourising measure could form effectively can quick-fried mixed gas.On the end cap of the motor left and right sides, be provided with a plurality of fuel nozzles, fuel oil is directly sprayed in the centrifugal compressor, utilize gas turbine wall high temperature, evaporation of fuel.Heating by centrifugal compressor mixes, evaporates, enters the heating Diffuser and carries out the pretreatment second time, but makes premixed gas possess physics, the chemical index of every explosive gas, forms the desired homogeneous phase mixed gas of comparatively ideal detonation combustion.In the indoor triggering detonation of detonation combustion in the whirlpool, repeat to detonate, detonation wave impacts composite turbine, turbine rotor high speed rotating output electric energy.

The present invention has simplified engine structure, has improved engine operation efficient.Adopt fiber reinforced composite silicon carbide ceramic material (CFCC-SIC) to make hot-end component, detonation is used as engineering becomes possibility.Mixed power detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine can be widely used in fields such as highway communication, the energy, aviation, military affairs, especially is fit to electric locomotive, electronic tank, electric airplane, electronic naval vessel required modular type mixed power intelligent power system.

Claims

1. a mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: by a composite turbine 10, compound casing 8, at least one heating Diffuser 3, at least one chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool 6, left and right sides end cap 14, generating/electric double-way integrated electric motor 19, magnetic suspension bearing 15,18, turbine rotor environment vacuum system, super capacitor-(holding) battery associating power supply is formed.Described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine are directly to drive generating/electric double-way integrated electric motor 19 high speed rotating by composite turbine 10 to produce electric energy, and by the mechanical energy production electric energy of the turbine rotor rotator inertia energy storage of high speed rotating.Mixed power detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is according to working condition requirement, the power storage of affluence is united in the power supply at super capacitor-(holding) battery, or with the peak value output of fuel energy, turbine rotor inertia energy, super capacitor-three kinds of electrical source of power coupled powers of (holding) battery associating power supply stored energy, or carry out the optimization that each coupled power distributes, motor only is operated in all very limited efficient region of velocity range and efficiency range.

2. the described mixed power of claim 1, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described composite turbine 10 is by each additional centrifugal compressor turbine 2 of axial both sides of a two-sided entad gas turbine 9, and they are cast an integral body.All there are suction port and relief opening in the composite turbine both sides, motor heats the premixed gas 30 in the centrifugal compressor in exhaust, mixed gas has also played the effect of cooling combustion turbine 9, the turbine blade of centrifugal compressor is the radiating fin of gas turbine, also is the heating and the blending blade of mixed gas.Two-sided entad gas-turbine blade is made up of big blade 28 and splitterr vanes 29.Mixed gas in the composite turbine 10 is radially discharged by axial admission, and combustion gas is axially discharged by radial air inlet.

3. the described mixed power of claim 1, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: spray into liquid fuel in the centrifugal compressor 2 of composite turbine 10 axial both sides by fuel nozzle, gaseous fuel by gas nozzle, is sprayed in the suction tude 1 of left and right sides end cap 14.

4. the described mixed power of claim 1, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described compound casing 8 is to be combined into an integral body by heating the toroidal casing of the Diffuser 3 expansion shape intake ducts chambers of detonation combustion in the whirlpool 65 with composite turbine 10.The internal diameter of compound casing 8 matches with the external diameter of composite turbine 10.The premixed gas 30 that the centrifugal compressor turbine 2 of composite turbine both sides is extruded by heating Diffuser on the compound casing 83 and expansion shape intake duct 5, sprays into the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool 6.The exhaust gas nozzle 7 of firing chamber 6 tail ends makes the two-sided entad gas turbine 9 in the middle of the detonation combustion gas 31 tangential impact composite turbines.

5. claims 1 described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described heating Diffuser is that compound casing 8 both sides radial blade Diffusers 3 and their shared expansion shape intake ducts 5 are coated on the outer wall of the chamber of detonation combustion in the whirlpool 6.Vortex shape diffusion blade 4 promptly is the radiating fin of firing chamber, also is the heater band of premixed gas, strengthens the mechanical strength of firing chamber 6 simultaneously, and 30 pairs of condition of high temperature lower combustion chamber of premixed gas outer wall has improved the basal temperature of premixed gas 30 when cooling off.

6. claims 1 described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described detonation combustion in whirlpool chamber 6, be to be made of two-stage center sudden expansion type combustion chambers in tandem, first order center dump combustion chamber 22, stay the whirlpool and detonate, center, second level dump combustion chamber 23 repeats detonations.All be provided with annular groove 24,25 on the first order and partial sudden expansion cross section, groove is the semicircular shape.Be provided with the exhaust gas nozzle 7 radially tangent at center, second level dump combustion chamber tail end with two-sided entad gas turbine.

7. claims 1 described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described end cap 14 is that the end cap by suction tude 1 outlet pipe 11 and composite turbine 10 is integrated into parts.All be provided with magnetic control vacuum valve 20,21 on air inlet-outlet pipe, end cap 14 is fixedly connected with compound casing 8, with main shaft 17 diameter of axle sealed attachment.

8. the described mixed power of claim 1, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described composite turbine 10, compound casing 8, left and right sides end cap 14 all is the main hot-end component of motor.Adopt (CFCC-SIC) fiber reinforced composite silicon carbide ceramic material manufacturing.

9. claims 1 described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described super capacitor-(holding) battery associating power supply is made up of (holding) battery of high energy storage density and the ultracapacitor of high power density, forms energy storage, conversion, power adjustments function in the high power power device of one.

10. claims 1 described mixed power, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described composite turbine 10 is formed turbine rotor with two-way integral generating/electric motor rotor 19 shared main shafts 17.

11. claim 1 and 10 described mixed powers, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: described turbine rotor is supported jointly by one group of axial magnetic suspension bearing 15 and three groups of radial magnetic bearings 18.

12. claim 1,10,11 described mixed powers, detonation rotor axle (entirely) intelligent engine is characterized in that: the composite turbine on the described turbine rotor becomes centrifugal vacuum compressor work under the driving of inertia energy.And to make turbine rotor overall work environment by Motorized vacuum system independently be acceptable vacuum environment.