CN102109607A - Fast neutron detection method, substance identification methods and neutron detector - Google Patents
Fast neutron detection method, substance identification methods and neutron detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN102109607A CN102109607A CN2009102443573A CN200910244357A CN102109607A CN 102109607 A CN102109607 A CN 102109607A CN 2009102443573 A CN2009102443573 A CN 2009102443573A CN 200910244357 A CN200910244357 A CN 200910244357A CN 102109607 A CN102109607 A CN 102109607A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast neutron detection method, which is used for detecting fast neutrons with X-rays, and comprises the following steps: passing the fast neutrons through a neutron slowing body to absorb the X-rays and slow the fast neutrons into thermal neutrons; and detecting the thermal neutrons by using a thermal neutron detector to obtain the information on the fast neutrons. The invention also discloses a method for identifying substances by using photoneutrons, a method for identifying substances by using X-rays and the photoneutrons, and a neutron detector. The neutron detector comprises the neutron slowing body which is suitable for absorbing the X-rays therein and slowing the fast neutrons into the thermal neutrons; and the thermal neutron detector which is suitable for detecting the thermal neutrons to obtain the information on the fast neutrons. In the invention, the interference of the X-rays with the fast neutron measurement can be eliminated by arranging the neutron slowing body, so the accuracy of the neutron measurement is improved. And as the attenuation information of the X-rays and the attenuation information of the neutrons, which are different, are obtained at the same time, the capability of identifying detected objects is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to and utilizes X ray and neutron to carry out the field of safety detection, relate more specifically to X ray the fast neutron detection method, utilize the method for photoneutron recognition material, utilize the method and the neutron detector of X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously.
Background technology
Along with development economic and society, the range of application of safety detection technology is more and more wider, as subway station, airport, bank, market etc., almost is seen everywhere.Safety detection technology has a variety of, it is a kind of technology that has obtained part Study that the photoneutron that wherein utilizes accelerator to produce carries out safety detection technology, having had the people utilizing photoneutron to carry out having done deep work aspect the ultimate analysis---the X ray bombardment that this method utilizes high-energy electron accelerator to produce comprises heavy water, berylliums etc. produce photoneutron at interior target with low photoneutron reaction threshold value, some nucleic in photoneutron that produces and the detected object reacts, can emit and have distinctive gamma-rays, constitute by analyzing gamma-ray power spectrum, just can constitute and judge, thereby reach the purpose that material is discerned the element of object to be detected.This method have can the recognition element kind special advantage, but its effect aspect image quality is relatively poor, has certain deficiency aspect the fusion mutually with radioscopic image.
Therefore another scheme has appearred, utilize the transmission information with differential declines characteristic of X ray and photoneutron to carry out imaging, simultaneously can access x-ray imaging and neutron transmission imaging two width of cloth images, fusion by to X ray dampening information and neutron attenuation information can improve the recognition capability to object to be detected.But this scheme also is in the principle stage, enable to realize, must solve a problem: how under the high power pulse of X ray, to realize measurement to photoneutron? because photoneutron follows X ray to produce, though the photoneutron conversion target plays certain X ray shielding action, it is very many that but the X ray that enters neutron detector remains, and generally can think to surpass 4 magnitudes.Although neutron detector can be selected neutron-sensitive detector, but because the quantity of X ray is many excessively, no matter how insensitive this detector to X ray, generalized case is still X ray and has formed huge signal in neutron detector, significantly surpassed the signal that neutron detector forms therein, this is actual to make obtaining of neutron transmission information to finish.The present invention will address this problem exactly.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of fast neutron detection method, and this method can be surveyed the fast neutron with X ray, thereby can improve the accuracy about the information of fast neutron by getting rid of the interference that X ray is measured fast neutron.
Two of purpose of the present invention provides the method for utilizing the photoneutron recognition material, and this method can be got rid of the interference of the X ray of following photoneutron, therefore can improve the ability of recognition material.
Three of purpose of the present invention provides the method for utilizing X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously, with the ability of further raising recognition material.
Four of purpose of the present invention provides the neutron detector that can detect with the fast neutron of X ray, and this neutron detector can be got rid of the interference that X ray is measured fast neutron, thereby improves the accuracy about the information of fast neutron.
First purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme: a kind of fast neutron detection method, be used to survey the fast neutron with X ray, the method comprising the steps of: making described fast neutron is thermal neutron by the moderation of neutrons body with the absorption X ray with the fast neutron slowing down; With survey thermal neutron with thermal neutron detector to obtain information about fast neutron.X ray will be absorbed by this slow body through collision for several times in the moderation of neutrons body afterwards, fast neutron can be a thermal neutron by this slow body and by slowing down then, because X ray does not exist, survey thermal neutron like this and just can not be subjected to the interference of X ray, thereby can improve accuracy about the information of fast neutron.
As a preferred embodiment of fast neutron detection method of the present invention, fast neutron earlier was present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment through the thermal neutron shield with shielding before entering the moderation of neutrons body.
Second purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme: a kind of method of utilizing the photoneutron recognition material comprises step: bombard the photoneutron conversion target to produce photoneutron with X ray; Guide described photoneutron transmission object to be detected; With the photoneutron that passes described object to be detected with the neutron detector detection; And comprise: the photoneutron that described object to be detected is passed in guiding earlier enters that the moderation of neutrons body is followed the X ray of described photoneutron with absorption and is thermal neutron with described photoneutron slowing down; Survey described thermal neutron to obtain the neutron transmission dampening information of the described material of identification by the thermal neutron detector in the described neutron detector again.
The 3rd purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme: a kind of method of utilizing X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously comprises step: provide X ray; Guide the direct transmission object to be detected of first's X ray, and pass the X ray of described object to be detected to obtain the transmission dampening information of described X ray with the X-ray detector detection; Guiding second portion X ray bombardment photoneutron conversion target is used for the photoneutron of transmission object to be detected with generation, and surveys photoneutron by described object to be detected with the transmission dampening information of acquisition photoneutron with neutron detector; In conjunction with the transmission dampening information of the transmission dampening information of described photoneutron and described X ray to discern the material of described object to be detected; This method comprises also that guiding earlier passes that the photoneutron of described object to be detected enters that the moderation of neutrons body is followed the X ray of described photoneutron with absorption and is thermal neutron with described photoneutron slowing down; Survey described thermal neutron to obtain the transmission dampening information of described photoneutron by the thermal neutron detector in the described neutron detector again.Follow the X ray of photoneutron owing to crossed the moderation of neutrons bulk absorption, thereby got rid of the interference of X ray, therefore can improve the accuracy of neutron transmission dampening information neutron measurement.In addition, utilize different X ray of attenuation characteristic and photoneutron to come inspected object simultaneously,, improved recognition capability thus inspected object to obtain two kinds of different transmission dampening informations simultaneously.
The 4th purpose of the present invention is achieved by following scheme: a kind of neutron detector comprises: the moderation of neutrons body, and it is suitable for absorbing the X ray by wherein, and is thermal neutron with described fast neutron slowing down; And thermal neutron detector, it is suitable for surveying described thermal neutron to obtain the information about neutron.This neutron detector by can absorb X ray allow fast neutron by and with the moderation of neutrons body that this fast neutron slowing down is a thermal neutron, can get rid of the interference of X ray, thereby improve the accuracy of measuring neutron information.
As a preferred embodiment of neutron detector of the present invention, neutron detector also comprises the thermal neutron shield, and it is suitable for shielding the scattering thermal neutron that is present in the environment.
Reach with reference to the accompanying drawings by reading following detailed description, other purposes of the present invention and advantage will become clearly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for producing the synoptic diagram of photoneutron;
Fig. 2 is the measurement sequential of photoneutron;
Fig. 3 is according to the synoptic diagram that utilizes the method for X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram according to an embodiment of neutron detector of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, one of known fast neutron producing method is exactly that the beam bombardment electric target 11 that is at first provided by electron accelerator produces X ray, bombards photoneutron conversion target 12 to produce photoneutron with X ray again.The photoneutron target of generally using all is the nucleic with low light neutron threshold value, for example
9Be and
2H, therefore, beryllium target and heavy water target act on the neutron conversion body usually, and wherein, the reaction type of beryllium target can be represented with following formula: γ+
9Be →
8Be+n, threshold value: 1.67MeV (1) wherein, γ represents photon, n represents neutron, the energy of neutron is by the difference decision of the energy of photon and the threshold of reaction.The reaction type of heavy water target then can be represented with following formula: γ+
2H →
1H+n, threshold value: 2.223MeV (2) by above-mentioned reaction equation (1) and (2) as can be known, photoneutron follows X ray to produce, and it is generally acknowledged that the generation of photoneutron is identical with the generation of X ray constantly constantly.
Because the energy of this photoneutron to (specifically the energy by accelerator determines) between several MeV, therefore belongs to fast neutron at hundreds of keV.Although the photoneutron conversion target plays certain shielding action to X ray, still have a large amount of X ray to follow photoneutron.If with this photoneutron of neutron detector direct detection, a large amount of X ray also can enter neutron detector.Because photoneutron and X ray are produced simultaneously, and electron accelerator is to work under pulse condition, pulsewidth is the magnitude of μ s, therefore photoneutron and X ray can fly to neutron detector from the photoneutron conversion target in the time simultaneously at very short (usually less than 1 μ s), and promptly neutron detector also can measure X ray when measuring neutron.Owing to the quantity of the X ray that enters neutron detector is very many, generally can exceed 4 magnitudes, therefore no matter how insensitive neutron detector is to X ray, X ray still can form huge signal in neutron detector, and sort signal significantly surpasses the signal that neutron forms in neutron detector, thereby the measurement to photoneutron causes serious interference, causes neutron detector can't obtain information about photoneutron.
Known X ray and photoneutron have different qualities in material: ● X ray will be by material absorbing through after the collision for several times, and its time-to-live in material has only solved the interference that X ray is measured photoneutron in the magnitude of ns; ● photoneutron generally will pass through a large amount of collisions in material just can be by material absorbing.According to the difference of material, the collision frequency of photoneutron can not wait from tens times to several thousand times, can not wait to tens ms from several μ s from the time.By the different behavioral trait of these two kinds of rays as can be known:, allow neutron in this slow body, slow down if suitable moderation of neutrons structure is set.Because it is that thermal neutron usually need be greater than the time of several μ s that photoneutron is slowed down by fast neutron, therefore when photoneutron is thermal neutron by slowing down, the X ray pulse has not existed, measure with the detector of the thermal neutron sensitivity photoneutron after to slowing down this moment, just can obtain information, and can not be subjected to the interference of X ray about photoneutron.
An embodiment as fast neutron detection method of the present invention, the moderation of neutrons body that photoneutron is entered made by tygon is to absorb X ray and to be thermal neutron with the photoneutron slowing down, the reusable heat neutron detector is measured thermal neutron, thereby obtains the relevant information of photoneutron.Wherein, thermal neutron detector is conventional, therefore is not described in detail at this.The area of thermal neutron detector is bigger, can form the enough big solid angle that absorbs thermal neutron.In other embodiments, the moderation of neutrons body also can be made by the polymkeric substance of graphite, other alkene polymer or other hydrogenous material; Thermal neutron detector then can adopt
10B,
6Other neutron such as Li absorbs nucleic.
Fig. 2 has shown the measurement sequential of photoneutron.The duration t of X ray pulse 1 in the moderation of neutrons body as can see from Figure 2
X, being generally 4 μ s, photoneutron can't be measured in this time period.At t
XAlso has a t afterwards
dTime, this time is to be used for the photoneutron detector to recover the time of returning from the influence of X ray pulse, this time is generally at tens μ s, as 45 μ s.At t
dAfterwards, owing to there has not been the influence of X ray, be exactly the Measuring Time of photoneutron this moment, the t that provides among the figure
nBe exactly the Measuring Time of thermal neutron, generally at 1000 μ s, this shows, the measurement of thermal neutron time delay should be greater than the duration of X ray in slow body.T given here
X, t
d, t
nDeng all being typical case's time, can finely tune according to the situation of detector in the real work.Like this, in a recurrence interval T, the measurement that postpones photoneutron by the moderation of neutrons body is the method that thermal neutron is measured thermal neutron again with the photoneutron slowing down to avoid X ray simultaneously, obtains the relevant information of photoneutron.After next pulse begins, repeat above-mentioned steps, so just can obtain the relevant information of photoneutron continuously.
As a preferred embodiment of fast neutron detection method of the present invention, photoneutron earlier was present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment through the thermal neutron shield with shielding before entering the moderation of neutrons body.Like this, just can avoid thermal neutron in the environment to the interference of neutron measurement.The thermal neutron shield also is conventional, therefore is not described in detail at this.
Fast neutron detection method according to above-mentioned the invention provides the method for utilizing the photoneutron recognition material.As a preferred embodiment of this method, contain the photoneutron conversion target to produce photoneutron with the X ray bombardment earlier; Use neutron collimator direct light neutron transmission object to be detected again; The guiding photoneutron that passes object to be detected enters the moderation of neutrons body so that follow the X ray of photoneutron to be absorbed in the moderation of neutrons body then, and photoneutron is a thermal neutron by slowing down in the moderation of neutrons body simultaneously; Measure thermal neutron with the transmission dampening information of acquisition photoneutron in object to be detected by thermal neutron detector at last, thereby reach the purpose of the contained material of identification object to be detected by this transmission dampening information.
An embodiment who is more preferably as the method for utilizing the photoneutron recognition material, before the photoneutron that passes object to be detected enters the moderation of neutrons body, earlier be present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment with shielding, to avoid of the interference of scattering thermal neutron to neutron measurement through the thermal neutron shield.
According to above-mentioned fast neutron detection method, the present invention also provides the method for utilizing X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously.Fig. 3 has shown the synoptic diagram of the method for utilizing X ray and two kinds of transmission information recognition materials of photoneutron simultaneously.Because photoneutron reaction can be converted to photoneutron with useless X ray, therefore, utilizes an electron accelerator just can obtain two kinds of rays simultaneously.If adopt two kinds of detectors to come detecting x-ray and photoneutron respectively, utilize the differential declines characteristic of two kinds of rays in object, can improve recognition capability to object to be detected.In Fig. 2, electron bombard electric target 11 produces X ray, and first's X ray is passing object to be detected through after the x-ray collimator 32, and is measured by X-ray detector, obtains the X ray dampening information; In the front of electric target 11, placed a photoneutron conversion target 12, make the second portion X ray be converted to photoneutron at this, photoneutron is through penetrating object to be detected 33 after the neutron collimator 31; The photoneutron that passes object to be detected 33 is introduced into thermal neutron shield in the neutron detector 34 with the scattering thermal neutron in the shielding environment; Photoneutron enters in the moderation of neutrons body in the neutron detector 34 so that follow the X ray of photoneutron to disappear then, and to make the photoneutron slowing down be thermal neutron; This thermal neutron arrives the thermal neutron detector in the neutron detector 34 at last, and thus, thermal neutron detector has obtained the transmission dampening information of photoneutron in object to be detected.What need indicate is that the moderation of neutrons body surrounds thermal neutron detector fully, so when absorbing X ray and slowing down photoneutron, the moderation of neutrons body also plays the effect of shielding to the thermal neutron of scattering in the environment.
By in conjunction with X ray and photoneutron dampening information, can realize identification to object to be detected.Below formula (3) reflected how two kinds of dampening informations to be combined and carried out a kind of mode of material identification.
Wherein, t is the thickness of object to be detected; μ
n(t) be the attenuation coefficient of photoneutron; μ
X(t) be the attenuation coefficient of X ray; I
n(t) be the intensity of incident light neutron, I at object to be detected thickness t place
n(0) then is the not decay intensity of incident light neutron; I
X(t) be the intensity of incident X-rays, I at object to be detected thickness t place
X(0) then is the not decay intensity of incident X-rays.On the equation right side, denominator has reflected that thickness is the attenuation multiple of the object of t to X ray intensity, and molecule has then reflected the attenuation multiple of the object of same thickness to the neutron transmitted intensity; Utilize its ratio V (t), can be that the attribute of the object of t is judged to thickness, thereby realize identification substance classes.
Fig. 4 has shown the synoptic diagram of an embodiment of above-mentioned neutron detector.As shown in the figure, neutron detector 34 comprises thermal neutron shield 341, tygon moderation of neutrons body 342 and thermal neutron detector 343.Thermal neutron shield 341 is positioned at the porch (1) that the incident light neutron enters neutron detector 34, passes the incident light neutron of the black arrow representative of thermal neutron shield 341 from object to be detected.Thermal neutron shield 341 can be eliminated scattering thermal neutron in the environment to the influence of incident light neutron.Moderation of neutrons body 342 surrounds thermal neutron detector 343 fully, and therefore, moderation of neutrons body 342 not only can sponge the X ray in the incident light neutron and be thermal neutron with the photoneutron slowing down, but also plays the effect of the scattering thermal neutron in the shielding environment.Slow body is generally selected for use has hydrogenous material, and as the polymkeric substance of alkene, graphite also is a kind of selection.Thermal neutron detector is generally selected 3He for use, 10B, and 6Li etc. absorb nucleic for neutron, and type photodetector is conventional, but wishes that its area is bigger, to form the enough big solid angle that absorbs thermal neutron.
Photoneutron penetrates after the object to be detected by after the outgoing of photoneutron target, forms the incident photoneutron and enters neutron detector 34.Owing to there is the thermal neutron of scattering in the environment, can constitute and disturb, therefore before photoneutron enters detector 34 inside, at first pass through the absorption of thermal neutron shield 341, enter the fast photoneutron that is only reflection photoneutron dampening information in material of surveying 34 inside like this.These fast neutrons carry out slowing down in slow body 342, obtained delay on the time simultaneously, thereby avoided the interference of X ray pulse.When neutron is thermal neutron by slowing down, just can be measured by thermal neutron detector 343, this moment, the count value of thermal neutron detector 343 just reflected the dampening information of photoneutron in object to be detected.
Though described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, should be understood that and the invention is not restricted to these embodiment, concerning the professional and technical personnel, various changes and modifications of the present invention can both realize, but these are all within the spirit and scope of claim of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. a fast neutron detection method is used to survey the fast neutron with X ray, it is characterized in that the method comprising the steps of:
Make described fast neutron by the moderation of neutrons body to absorb described X ray and to be thermal neutron with described fast neutron slowing down; With
Survey described thermal neutron to obtain information with thermal neutron detector about described fast neutron.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fast neutron earlier was present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment through the thermal neutron shield with shielding before entering described moderation of neutrons body.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described moderation of neutrons body is made by the polymkeric substance of hydrogenous material.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described moderation of neutrons body is made by alkene polymer.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described moderation of neutrons body is made by graphite.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described thermal neutron detector selects for use the neutron in following group to absorb nucleic:
3He,
10B,
6Li.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the area of described thermal neutron detector forms the solid angle of enough absorption thermal neutrons.
8. method of utilizing the photoneutron recognition material comprises step:
Bombard the photoneutron conversion target to produce photoneutron with X ray;
Guide described photoneutron transmission object to be detected; With
Survey the photoneutron that passes described object to be detected with neutron detector;
It is characterized in that:
The photoneutron that described object to be detected is passed in guiding earlier enters that the moderation of neutrons body is followed the X ray of described photoneutron with absorption and is thermal neutron with described photoneutron slowing down; With
Survey described thermal neutron to obtain the neutron transmission dampening information of the described material of identification by the thermal neutron detector in the described neutron detector again.
9. method according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described photoneutron earlier was present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment through the thermal neutron shield with shielding before by described moderation of neutrons body.
10. it is characterized in that according to Claim 8 or 9 described methods: described photoneutron is by the described object to be detected of neutron collimator guiding transmission.
11. a method of utilizing X ray and photoneutron recognition material simultaneously comprises step:
X ray is provided;
Guide the direct transmission object to be detected of first's X ray, and pass the X ray of described object to be detected to obtain the transmission dampening information of described X ray with the X-ray detector detection;
Guiding second portion X ray bombardment photoneutron conversion target is used for the photoneutron of transmission object to be detected with generation, and surveys photoneutron by described object to be detected with the transmission dampening information of acquisition photoneutron with neutron detector;
In conjunction with the transmission dampening information of the transmission dampening information of described photoneutron and described X ray to discern the material of described object to be detected;
It is characterized in that:
The photoneutron that described object to be detected is passed in guiding earlier enters that the moderation of neutrons body is followed the X ray of described photoneutron with absorption and is thermal neutron with described photoneutron slowing down; With
Survey described thermal neutron to obtain the transmission dampening information of described photoneutron by the thermal neutron detector in the described neutron detector again.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that: described photoneutron earlier was present in scattering thermal neutron in the environment through the thermal neutron shield with shielding before by described moderation of neutrons body.
13. according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that: described photoneutron is by the described object to be detected of neutron collimator guiding transmission.
14. according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that: described first X ray is by the described object to be detected of x-ray collimator guiding transmission.
15. according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that: the nucleic of described photoneutron conversion target is
9Be or
2H.
16. according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that: described X ray is produced by x ray generator, described x ray generator comprises that electronics adds the bundle device.
17. a neutron detector comprises:
The moderation of neutrons body, it is suitable for absorbing the X ray by wherein, and is thermal neutron with the fast neutron slowing down; With
Thermal neutron detector, it is suitable for surveying described thermal neutron to obtain the information about described fast neutron.
18. neutron detector according to claim 17 is characterized in that: also comprise the thermal neutron shield, it is suitable for shielding the scattering thermal neutron that is present in the environment.
19. according to claim 17 or 18 described neutron detectors, it is characterized in that: described moderation of neutrons body surrounds described thermal neutron detector.
20. according to claim 17 or 18 described neutron detectors, it is characterized in that: described moderation of neutrons body also is suitable for shielding the scattering thermal neutron that is present in the environment.
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| PCT/CN2010/001137 WO2011079495A1 (en) | 2009-12-29 | 2010-07-26 | Fast neutron detection method, substance discrimination method and neutron detector |
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| CN106908830A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2017-06-30 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | The measuring system of neutron flux is measured under a kind of intense radiation hot conditions |
| CN108398709A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-14 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of optical fiber radiation probe |
| CN110376227A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2019-10-25 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Using photoneutron transmission to the method and device of image objects |
| CN110507914A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2019-11-29 | 南京中硼联康医疗科技有限公司 | The slow material of neutron |
| CN110779939A (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-02-11 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Dual-mode detection method, controller and system |
| CN114264681A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-01 | 清华大学 | Method and system for analyzing gold ore grade |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110376227A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2019-10-25 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Using photoneutron transmission to the method and device of image objects |
| CN110507914A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2019-11-29 | 南京中硼联康医疗科技有限公司 | The slow material of neutron |
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| CN114264681A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-01 | 清华大学 | Method and system for analyzing gold ore grade |
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| WO2011079495A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| CN102109607B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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