CN102109441A - Method for evaluating low-temperature crack-resisting performance of asphalt mixture - Google Patents
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- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 39
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 38
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating low-temperature crack-resisting performance of asphalt mixture, wherein the low-temperature crack-resisting performance of the asphalt mixture is comprehensively evaluated by using tensile strength, rupture energy and disabled displacement according to a cohesion model theory; in the real evaluating process, a bilinear cohesion model curve is directly used to intuitively reflect the crack-resisting ability of the asphalt mixture. The evaluating method provided by the invention is directly related to the evaluating index and the real crack process of the asphalt mixture so that the low-temperature crack-resisting performance of the asphalt mixture can be accurately reflected. Via the evaluating method provided by the invention, the low-temperature crack-resisting performance of various asphalt mixtures is comprehensively evaluated; the real crack-resisting performance of the asphalt pavement is forecast, the understanding to the low-temperature crack-resisting performance of the asphalt mixture is deepened; and a comprehensive evaluating method for the low-temperature crack-resisting performance of the asphalt mixture is provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of application of evaluating the mechanical properties of an asphalt mixture, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture.
Background
Along with the rapid increase of national economy, the mileage of high-grade roads in China is increasing day by day. By 6 months in 2009, the constructed highway in China reaches about 7.5 kilometers, which is second to the United states. In the constructed expressway, most of the road surfaces adopt asphalt road surfaces. However, asphalt pavement suffers various failures during use, mainly including cracking, rutting, sinking and loosening. Among them, temperature shrinkage cracking due to temperature reduction is one of the main failure modes of asphalt pavement in cold regions in winter. The selection of the asphalt mixture with excellent crack resistance is the fundamental way to prevent or delay cracking. Therefore, how to evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture is a basic subject. The existing methods for evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture have certain limitations, which are reviewed here.
(1) Low temperature bending failure test. The low-temperature bending failure test is a method for evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture which is commonly used at home and abroad. In the test procedure for road engineering asphalt and asphalt mixtures (JTJ 052-2000) of China, a low-temperature bending test at the temperature of-10 ℃ and the loading rate of 50mm/min is adopted to evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixtures. The dimensions of the trabecular test piece are: the length is 250mm, the width is 30mm and the height is 35 mm. During the test, a displacement measuring device is arranged at the center of the beam across the lower edge, a concentrated load is applied to the middle of the beam, the instrument automatically records the load and the deformation value, and a load-deformation or stress-strain curve can be drawn. According to the test, the national standard makes specific provisions for the maximum damage strain of the asphalt mixture. The method is only suitable for the dense-graded small-particle-size asphalt concrete, and the mechanical theory basis is the elastomechanics failure theory.
(2) Low temperature bending creep test. The bending creep test is to measure the strain rate of the bending creep of the asphalt mixture test piece under the conditions of specified temperature and loading stress level so as to evaluate the deformation performance of the asphalt mixture. In the 'eight five' problem in China, the strain rate of a bending creep test at 0 ℃ is proposed to be used for evaluating the low-temperature crack resistance of dense-graded asphalt concrete, and the suggested value of the index is proposed. However, studies have shown that for the 0 ℃ bending creep test, the specified stress level (0 ℃, 1MPa) is not applicable for some grades and asphalt grades, leading to erroneous conclusions. Moreover, the low-temperature bending creep test is a qualitative analysis method, is not directly connected with the low-temperature fracture of the asphalt pavement, and cannot directly predict the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture.
(3) And (5) carrying out temperature stress test on the constrained specimen. A constrained test piece temperature stress test, also called a freeze-fracture test, is a test method for evaluating the low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixture recommended by the American highway strategic research plan. The test of temperature stress of the restraint test piece simulates cracking of the asphalt pavement in the cooling process. Along with the reduction of the temperature, the temperature stress in the asphalt mixture test piece is gradually increased until the test piece is broken. Therefore, the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture can be reflected by using four indexes of fracture temperature, fracture strength, turning point temperature and the slope of a temperature stress curve. From the simulation of the actual use condition of the pavement, the temperature stress test of the restraint test piece can simulate the stress process of the temperature shrinkage crack of the asphalt pavement. However, the temperature stress test equipment for the constrained test piece is expensive, the method is complex, and the device is not easy to popularize and use.
For the evaluation of the low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture, the excellent evaluation method should meet the following conditions:
(a) the mechanical theory basis on which the evaluation method is based can correctly reflect the low-temperature fracture characteristics of the asphalt mixture;
(b) the test method used by the evaluation method is directly related to the fracture process of the asphalt mixture, so that the evaluation index obtained by the test can directly reflect the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture;
(c) the evaluation index can comprehensively reflect the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture, and the evaluation process is simple and applicable and is easy to be mastered by engineering technicians.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows:the invention aims to provide an evaluation method for the low-temperature crack resistance of an asphalt mixture, which can comprehensively evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture, has clear mechanical significance and is simple and applicable.
The technical scheme is as follows:the invention uses a test method directly related to the fracture process of the asphalt mixture, adopts an evaluation index directly reflecting the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture, and utilizes a curve reflecting the constitutive relation of the fracture zone of the asphalt mixture to intuitively evaluate the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture.
It has been shown in studies that at low temperatures (< 30 ℃), asphalt mixtures, during the fracture, form a nonlinear deformation zone near the crack tip, which is mainly controlled by the softened zone and which has a relatively small plastic zone. Therefore, at low temperatures, the asphalt mixture is a quasi-brittle material, and the softening characteristics are important characteristics of the asphalt mixture during fracture. The cohesion model (CZM) is a good representation of this softening behaviour.
CZM confines physical fracture to an internal cohesion zone defined by two imaginary planes with cohesion acting at the interface. A schematic diagram of the cohesion model in the type I fracture mode is shown in fig. 1. The cohesion at the tip of the fracture is zero and the point where the cohesion is greatest is called the cohesive area tip. The cohesive area is the area between the tip of the material fracture and the tip of the cohesive area where complex fracture behavior (including non-linear elastic fractures) will occur. The imaginary surfaces are held together by cohesion, which in turn depends on the opening displacement of the two surfaces. An increase in external load will lead to an increase in the displacement of the interface opening, and thus to a change in the cohesion, which increases first, then reaches a maximum and finally decreases until it reaches zero. The maximum cohesion indicates the beginning of the crack; the decrease in cohesion to zero marks the maximum opening displacement of the interface, at which point the material fails and cracks
And (4) forming.
The CZM is defined by the constitutive relation of cohesive force regions, and bilinear cohesive force-displacement (a) and (b) can be used) The curve describes the relationship between cohesion and displacement. Of bilinear CZM
The curves are shown in figure 2.
When the material is in a softening phase, also called a damage phase. Bilinear CZM has two independent model parameters, namely fracture energyG c And cracking strengthT c . Fracture energy refers to the energy expended by the fracture face from zero displacement until complete separation, i.e., the energy absorbed by the material from intact to fractured. Theoretically, the energy to break is equal to
The area under the curve, for bilinear CZM, the fracture energy is expressed as formula (1). The energy to break is expressed as energy per unit area and can be obtained through experiments. The cracking strength refers to the mechanical strength of the material, and for type I fracture, the cracking strength of the asphalt mixture is equal to the tensile strength of the material.
From the viewpoint of the linear elastic fracture mechanics, brittle fracture occurs when the stress intensity at the crack tip increases to a certain extent, at which the energy release rate becomes maximum, called the critical energy release rate
. Under the condition of plane stress, the stress of the plane,can be calculated by equation (2). Wherein,
is the toughness of the fracture, and is,Eis the modulus of elasticity.
From the above concept, the area of the shaded portion in fig. 3 can be considered to be equal to
. The area of the blank under the curve is the energy absorbed during the softening phase. According to the existing research results, the fracture toughness of the asphalt mixture
The value of (a) is 400-500N/cm3/2Herein, the average value is 450N/cm3/2The modulus of the asphalt mixture is 6500 MPa (modulus at low temperature), and the fracture energy of the asphalt mixture is 206.4J/m2. Calculated by the formula (2)
Is 31.2J/m2Then absorbing in the softening stageHas an energy of 175.2J/m2. From this calculation, it is known that the softening phase absorbs 5.6 times more energy than the elastic phase, accounting for 85% of the total energy absorbed during the fracture. Thus, the energy absorbed by the asphalt mixture during the fracture process is primarily responsible for the softening of the material.
According to the above-mentioned calculation result taking
31.2 J/m2，
= 206.4 J/m2，T c = 3.916MPa, each calculated from formula (3)
And
respectively, have a value of
= 0.01593mm，
= 0.1054 mm. Thereby obtaining= 0.15. Thus, it is known to
In contrast to the above-mentioned results,
the value of (a) is small. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
value pair bilinear
Shape of curve
The shape effect is small.
Bilinear
The curve may be derived from the cracking strengthT c Failure displacement of
And energy to breakG c To define its shape. The three parameters are closely related to the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture. The fracture energy reflects the energy absorbed by the material to produce a unit area of fracture; the failure displacement reflects the deformability of the material; and the cracking strength reflects the strength characteristics of the material. Therefore, the asphalt mixture with larger fracture energy, larger failure displacement and higher cracking strength has better crack resistance. BilinearThe curve intuitively reflects the magnitude of the three parameters. Thus, bilinear
The curve can be directly used for evaluating the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture.
The invention relates to a method for evaluating the low-temperature crack resistance of an asphalt mixture, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: forming an asphalt concrete beam, wherein the length of the beam is 30cm, the height of the beam is 6cm, the width of the beam is 6cm, the span is 24cm, namely the length of the part between the supports, and the depth of a joint is 1 cm; under the condition of-10 ℃, applying a concentrated load on the middle section of the beam top, wherein the loading rate is 1mm/min, recording the load and the mid-span deflection until the beam is fractured into two halves to obtain a load-mid-span deflection curve, and calculating the fracture energy of the asphalt mixture according to the curve;
step 2: the tensile strength of the asphalt mixture is measured according to the splitting test in the road engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test regulation (JTJ 052-2000) in China; the test temperature is-10 ℃, and the loading rate is 1 mm/min;
and step 3: according to the formula, the breaking energy and the tensile strength
Calculating the failure displacement
And assuming elastic displacement
=0.15
Drawing a double-linear cohesion-displacement curve of the asphalt mixture; whereinT c For the purpose of the tensile strength,G c is the energy at break;
and 4, step 4: and the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture is intuitively and comprehensively evaluated by using a double-linear cohesion-displacement curve. And 4, step 4: using bilinear
And the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture is intuitively and comprehensively evaluated by a curve.
Has the advantages that:firstly, the low-temperature crack resistance evaluation method of the asphalt mixture provided by the invention is based on a double-linear cohesion model, the model reflects the softening characteristic of the asphalt mixture in the fracture process, the elastic behavior and the softening characteristic of the asphalt mixture in the fracture process are comprehensively considered, and the defects of linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastoplastic fracture mechanics are overcome. Secondly, the three indexes (fracture energy, tensile strength and failure displacement) directly related to the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture are used in the evaluation method provided by the invention to comprehensively evaluate the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture, and the defects that the indexes are single and the cracking process is not directly related in the conventional evaluation method are overcome. Finally, theBilinear property used in the method
The curve can visually and vividly reflect the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture, and the method is visual and understandable and is easy to accept and master by engineering technicians.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a cohesion model in an open fracture mode. Wherein,
-a failure displacement;T c -resistance to stretching
Strength;
-a normal cohesion force;
-a normal displacement of the first and second parts,
FIG. 2 is a view of bilinear CZM
Curve line. Wherein,-a failure displacement;T c -a tensile strength;
normal direction
Cohesion;
-a normal displacement of the first and second parts,
FIG. 3 is a diagram of bilinear CZM with shaded portions
Curve line. Wherein,t-cohesion;
-relative displacement of fracture faces;T c -a tensile strength;
-an elastic displacement;
-a failure displacement;G c energy to break, equal to the curve below
The area of (a) is,
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a trabecular fracture test.
Detailed Description
The idea of the low-temperature crack resistance evaluation method of the asphalt mixture provided by the invention is that firstly, the fracture energy and the tensile strength of the asphalt mixture are respectively measured through a trabecular fracture test and a splitting test, and then the bilinear property of the asphalt mixture is drawn according to the two parameters
Curves, finally using bilinearity
And comprehensively evaluating the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture by a curve.
1. Trabecular fracture test
Test piece size: according to the general requirements of asphalt mixture molding test pieces, the minimum size of the test piece is not less than 3 times of the nominal maximum particle size of the asphalt mixture. Accordingly, an asphalt concrete beam having a length of 30cm, a height of 6cm, a width of 6cm, a span (length of a portion between supports) of 24cm, and a depth of a slit of 1cm was used. According to the test specification of asphalt and asphalt mixture for road engineering (JTJ 052-2000) in China, a wheel mill is adopted to form a rut plate test piece with the size of 300mm multiplied by 70mm, and 4 beam test pieces are obtained by cutting. And not less than 3 parallel test pieces for each group of tests.
The test instrument: UTM-25, manufactured by IPC, can be used for loading, with loads and deflections automatically collected by the instrument.
The test conditions are as follows: the test was carried out at-10 ℃ with the loading rate set at 1 mm/min.
The test steps are as follows:
(1) setting a test temperature, putting the beam test piece into an incubator, and carrying out heat preservation for 6 hours;
(2) and (3) placing the beam test piece on the support, setting a loading rate, starting the test, recording the load and the mid-span deflection until the beam is broken into two halves, and ending the test.
(3) Repeating the step (2) until the test is completed, and keeping the test temperature at-10 ℃ in the test process+0.5 ℃, when the temperature is lower than or higher than the temperature, the test is suspended for heat preservation, and the test is started again when the temperature reaches the specified temperature.
2. Splitting test
The asphalt mixture splitting test is carried out according to the test regulation of asphalt and asphalt mixture for road engineering (JTJ 052-2000) in China, and the number of parallel test pieces in each group of tests is not less than 3. The test temperature was-10 ℃ and the loading rate was 1 mm/min.
3. Rendering bilinearCurve line
Calculating the failure displacement according to the formula (3) based on the fracture energy and the tensile strength
And assuming elastic displacement
=0.15
Inputting the data points into a spreadsheet, generating bilinear data using the spreadsheet
Curve line. Using bilinear
And comprehensively evaluating the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture by a curve.
Claims (1)
1. The method for evaluating the low-temperature cracking resistance of the asphalt mixture is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: forming an asphalt concrete beam, wherein the length of the beam is 30cm, the height of the beam is 6cm, the width of the beam is 6cm, the span is 24cm, namely the length of the part between the supports, and the depth of a joint is 1 cm; under the condition of-10 ℃, applying a concentrated load on the middle section of the beam top, wherein the loading rate is 1mm/min, recording the load and the mid-span deflection until the beam is fractured into two halves to obtain a load-mid-span deflection curve, and calculating the fracture energy of the asphalt mixture according to the curve;
step 2: the tensile strength of the asphalt mixture is measured according to the splitting test in the road engineering asphalt and asphalt mixture test regulation (JTJ 052-2000) in China; the test temperature is-10 ℃, and the loading rate is 1 mm/min;
and step 3: according to the formula, the breaking energy and the tensile strength
Calculating the failure displacement
And assuming elastic displacement
= 0.15
Drawing a double-linear cohesion-displacement curve of the asphalt mixture; whereinT c For the purpose of the tensile strength,G c is the energy at break;
and 4, step 4: and the low-temperature crack resistance of the asphalt mixture is intuitively and comprehensively evaluated by using a double-linear cohesion-displacement curve.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103822807A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method, device and test piece for judging low-temperature cracking resistance of material as well as preparation method thereof |
| CN103852384A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-06-11 | 中交四航工程研究院有限公司 | Numeralization evaluation method for crack resistance of concrete |
| CN104713825A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 山东大学 | Method and device for testing interlayer fracture energy of asphalt pavement structure |
| CN105372133A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-02 | 长安大学 | Method for testing anti-cracking performance of asphalt binder |
| CN106446391A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Reliable evaluation method of steady-state creep-rate constitutive equation of metal material |
| CN107122507A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-09-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Improved displacement softening modulus method and parameter determination method |
| CN107741351A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for determining optimal time for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement |
| CN109001032A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-14 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A method of reclaimed asphalt mixture cracking resistance is evaluated based on uniaxial penetration test |
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| CN110032765A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-07-19 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of optimization method, system, device and the medium of refractory material fragmentation parameters |
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| CN115078126A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-09-20 | 中南大学 | Fracture performance evaluation method of asphalt concrete |
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| CN103822807A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method, device and test piece for judging low-temperature cracking resistance of material as well as preparation method thereof |
| CN103852384A (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2014-06-11 | 中交四航工程研究院有限公司 | Numeralization evaluation method for crack resistance of concrete |
| CN103852384B (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2016-08-31 | 中交四航工程研究院有限公司 | A kind of concrete capacity against cracking quantizes evaluation methodology |
| CN104713825A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 山东大学 | Method and device for testing interlayer fracture energy of asphalt pavement structure |
| CN105372133A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-02 | 长安大学 | Method for testing anti-cracking performance of asphalt binder |
| CN106446391B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-07-05 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | The method for evaluating reliability of metal material secondary creep rates constitutive equation |
| CN106446391A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业理化工程研究院 | Reliable evaluation method of steady-state creep-rate constitutive equation of metal material |
| CN107122507A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-09-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Improved displacement softening modulus method and parameter determination method |
| CN107122507B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-07-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for improving displacement softening model and parameter determination method |
| CN107741351B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2019-10-25 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for determining optimal time for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement |
| CN107741351A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-27 | 长沙理工大学 | Method for determining optimal time for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement |
| CN109001033A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-14 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A method of based on uniaxial penetration test reclaimed asphalt mixture balanced design |
| CN109001032A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-14 | 山东省交通规划设计院 | A method of reclaimed asphalt mixture cracking resistance is evaluated based on uniaxial penetration test |
| CN109001033B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2021-10-26 | 山东省交通规划设计院集团有限公司 | Method for balanced design of regenerated asphalt mixture based on uniaxial penetration test |
| CN110032765A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-07-19 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of optimization method, system, device and the medium of refractory material fragmentation parameters |
| CN111351717A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-06-30 | 东南大学 | Composite test piece for temperature stress test of constrained test piece and test method |
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Application publication date: 20110629 |