CN102108634B - Method for preparing functional carbon fibers - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of nanomaterials, and in particular relates to a method for preparing functional carbon fibers. The method comprises the following steps of: performing carboxylation functionalization on carbon nanotubes; introducing diamine or polyamine onto the carbon nanotubes to obtain amino-coated carbon nanotubes; reacting the amino-coated carbon nanotubes with carboxyl-coated carbon fibers, and controlling reaction time; and introducing diamine or polyamine onto the surfaces of the carbon fibers to obtain the amino functional carbon fibers of which the surfaces are grafted with the carbon nanotubes. The reaction steps are simple and controllable; the carbon fibers are toughened through the strength and toughness of the carbon nanotubes; the adhesive property between the carbon fibers and a resin matrix is improved; the interfacial bond strength of a composite material is improved; and defects that the interfacial rigidity is increased and the toughness is reduced after the carbon fibers are treated by the conventional carbon fiber treatment method are well overcome. The prepared carbon fibers of which the surfaces are grafted with the carbon nanotubes have wide application range.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of functionalization carbon fiber.
Background technology
CNT (CNTs) is since 1991 are found by Japanese scientist Iijima; Caused countries in the world chemistry, physics, the personage's of material educational circles very big concern with its distinctive mechanical property, electric property, thermal property and chemical property, in scientific basic research and application study, gained great popularity.Though CNT has potential application prospect in preparation light weight, high strength composite, it is really come true, also have many problems to need to solve.The surface energy of CNT is higher, reunites easily, makes it in polymer, be difficult to even dispersion.How evenly dispersing Nano carbon tubes and strengthen CNT with the matrix material interface between combination, be the key of raising composite each item performance.
Carbon fiber has the performance of a series of excellences such as high specific strength, high ratio modulus, endurance, creep resistant and thermal coefficient of expansion are little; Make it become one of most important reinforcing material in recent years, oneself is widely used in fields such as Aero-Space, war industry and athletic sports appliance.But because the carbon fiber surface inertia is big, surface energy is low, has chemically active functional group few, reactivity is low, with the bad adhesion of matrix, has more defective in the composite material interface, and interfacial adhesion strength is low, the defective of composite material interface poor performance.In addition, carbon fibre composite makes that in the poor mechanical property of vertical fibers direction the carbon fibre composite interlaminar strength is low, has influenced the performance of carbon fibre composite overall performance, has limited the application of material at aerospace field.
At present carbon fiber handle is adopted high-temperature heat treatment, vapour deposition, gaseous oxidation, liquid phase oxidation, anodic oxidation, immersion coating, electropolymerization coating and technical method such as cold; Though these methods have improved the surface area of carbon fiber to a certain extent; Increased the quantity of surface functional group; Improve the wettability of carbon fiber and resin, improved the interlaminar strength of carbon fibre composite to a certain extent; But these methods make the interface rigidity increase simultaneously; Toughness of material reduces; And fail to improve the performance that reaches resin matrix between the carbon fiber laminate between the fiber, the impact property of the composite that the carbon fiber of therefore handling through above method is processed is well improved.
The functionalization carbon fiber that the surface has CNT can increase the meshing effect of machinery at the interface on the one hand, significantly improves interface performance, can also improve the mechanical property of resin matrix between fiber on the other hand.Be connected through covalent bond with resin matrix with carbon fiber through the CNT after the chemical modification simultaneously, the Stress Transfer ability is high, can significantly improve interaction and boundary strength between two phases.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the functionalization carbon fiber of the firm surface grafting CNT of a kind of interface bonding and diamine or polyamine.
The preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber that the present invention proposes; Be with the carbon nano tube surface purifying; After the carbon nano tube surface of purifying carried out acidifying, introduce diamine or polyamine, obtain the graft type CNT that the surface has active amine with feature structure; With the carbon fiber reaction of aminated CNT and surperficial acidification, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with diamine or polyamine and CNT again.Its concrete steps are following:
(1) takes by weighing the dry CNT and 10～1 * 10 of 0.1～1 * 10g
4The mL organic acid mixes, in 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave or 10 r/min ~ 10
6The centrifugal speed of r/min stirs down and handled 1～24 hour; Be heated to 20～150 ℃ then, reacted 1～48 hour, through deionized water dilution washing; The miillpore filter suction filtration; Cyclic washing is neutral to filtrating repeatedly, is 25～150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 1～48 hour in temperature, obtains the CNT of purifying;
(2) with 1～1 * 10
2Carbon fiber and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10 that g is dry
4ML mixes, and under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handles 0.1～12 hour, is heated to 25～120 ℃ then; Stirring and back flow reaction 0.2～12 hour; Through the deionized water washing, filter paper suction filtration, cyclic washing repeatedly are neutral to filtrating; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25～150 ℃ of temperature, obtains the carbon fiber of acidifying;
(3) with purifying carbon nano-tube 0.1～1 * 10g that obtains in the step (1) and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10
3ML mixes, and under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handles 0.1～80 hour, is heated to 25～120 ℃ then; Stirring and back flow reaction 1～80 hour; Through deionized water dilution washing, ultramicropore filter membrane suction filtration, cyclic washing repeatedly are neutral to filtrating; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25～200 ℃ of temperature, obtains the CNT of acidifying;
(4) with CNT 0.1～1 * 10g, diamine or the polyamine 1～1 * 10 of step (3) gained acidifying
3G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix; With 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 0.1～96 hour, under 25～220 ℃ of temperature, reacted 1～96 hour suction filtration and cyclic washing; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, obtains aminated CNT;
(5) CNT 0.1～1 * 10g that step (4) gained is aminated, the acidifying carbon fiber 1～1 * 10 of step (2) gained
2G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, and with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 0.1～12 hour, reaction temperature was 25～220 ℃, react after 0.1～96 hour, past diamine or the polyamine 0.1～1 * 10 of wherein adding
2G and condensing agent 0～1 * 10g reacted 1～96 hour again, suction filtration and cyclic washing, and vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, and the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with amido and CNT.
Among the present invention, CNT described in the step (1) is the single wall or the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of any preparation in arc discharge, chemical gaseous phase deposition, template, solar energy method or the laser evaporation method.
Among the present invention, organic acid described in the step (1) is any or its mixed liquor in the hydrochloric acid of sulfuric acid or 1～50% weight acid concentration of nitric acid, 1～55% weight acid concentration of 1～35% weight acid concentration.
Among the present invention, carbon fiber described in the step (2) is any or its multiple combination in unidirectional long fiber cloth, two-way textile sheet, three-phase textile sheet or the random staple fibre.
Among the present invention, acid with strong oxidizing property described in step (2), (3) is any or its multiple combination in 1～70% weight acid concentration nitric acid, 1～100% weight acid concentration sulfuric acid, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and nitric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid mixed liquor or 15～95% weight concentration hydrogenperoxide steam generators.
Among the present invention; Diamine described in step (4), (5) is ethylenediamine, polyethyene diamine, 1; 2-propane diamine, 1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-butanediamine, 1; In the 3-butanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), cyclohexanediamine, m-phenylene diamine (MPD), m-xylene diamine, two amido diphenyl methanes, the Meng alkane diamines, divinyl propylamine, two amido diphenyl methanes, chlorination hexamethylene diamine, chlorination nonamethylene diamine, chlorination decamethylene diamine, 12 carbon diamines or 13 carbon diamines any; Said polyamine is triethylamine, fourth triamine, N-amine ethyl piperazidine, dicyandiamide, adipic dihydrazide, N; N-dimethyl dipropyl triamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine, N; N; N, N, any or its multiple combination in N-five methyl diethylentriamine, TEPA, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, five ethene hexamines or six ethene, seven amine.
Among the present invention; Organic solvent described in step (4), (5) is benzene,toluene,xylene, styrene, butyl toluene, perchloroethylene, trichloro-ethylene, vinyltoluene, ethylene glycol ether, carrene, carbon disulfide, tricresyl phosphate orthoresol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, toluene cyclohexanone, ether, expoxy propane, acetone, espeleton, methylisobutylketone, glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, pyridine, chlorobenzene, dichloro-benzenes, carrene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloro-ethylene, tetrachloro-ethylene, trichloropropane, dichloroethanes, N, any or its multiple combination in dinethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxane or the oxolane.
Among the present invention, condensing agent is N in the step (4), (5), N '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, any or its multiple combination in N '-DIC or 1-ethyl-3-dimethylamine propyl carbodiimide.
Among the present invention, the carbon fiber surface that obtains described in the step (5) is grafted with amido and CNT, is that the carbon fiber surface of functionalization is grafted with diamine or polyamine and CNT.
Preparation method provided by the invention is simple, gained be that the carbon fiber surface of functionalization is grafted with diamine or polyamine and CNT.The amido of carbon nano tube surface through with the carboxyl reaction of carbon fiber surface; Make CNT be grafted to carbon fiber surface; In reaction system, add the carboxyl reaction of diamine or polyamine and carbon fiber surface again, obtain the functionalization carbon fiber surface and be grafted with CNT.Carbon fiber through functionalization of the present invention can significantly improve the boundary strength between matrix resin and the carbon fiber, makes composite have good interlaminar shear strength.Therefore, the present invention has important science and technology value and actual application value.
Description of drawings
Figure l is grafted with the sem photograph of CNT for the carbon fiber surface that provides among the embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is CNT XPS figure among the embodiment 1.
The CNT transmission electron microscope picture that Fig. 3 modifies for the triethylene tetramine that provides among the embodiment 5.
The specific embodiment
Following embodiment further specifies of the present invention, rather than limits scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE l: with multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arc discharge method preparation (OD < 8nm) and carbon fiber is initial raw material; The carbon fiber reaction of walled carbon nanotubes purifying, acidifying and aminated back and acidifying; Behind the reaction certain hour; In system, add decamethylene diamine again, make the carboxyl of the complete and not aminated CNT reaction of carbon fiber surface fully aminated, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with CNT and decamethylene diamine.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, add the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material and 100mL, 20% salpeter solution of 1.1g through drying, processing is 24 hours under the 1kHz ultrasonic wave; Be heated to 20 ℃ then; Reacted 48 hours, and gathered inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene micro-filtration membrane suction filtration, spend deionised water 3-10 time to neutral with ψ 0.45 μ m; 25 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying after 24 hours;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed; Add dry carbon fiber 20g of warp and 100mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), be heated to 25 ℃ after 0.1 hour through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment, stirring also refluxes and reacted 12 hours down; Through the filter paper suction filtration; To neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the carbon fiber of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed; The multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material 1g of the purifying that obtains in the adding step (1) and 100mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) are heated to 25 ℃ through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 1 hour, stir the reaction down 48 hours that also refluxes; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene milipore filter suction filtration with ψ 1.2 μ m; To neutral, 80 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 250mL that agitator is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add CNT 1g, the decamethylene diamine 10g of step (3) gained acidifying,, acetone 100mL and N; N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 10g is with the 100kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 24 hours, 50 ℃ of following stirring reactions 1 hour; Suction filtration is removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction; After spending deionised water 3-10 time repeatedly, 80 ℃ of vacuumize 48 hours obtains the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that the surface has amido;
Step (5): in the 500mL that agitator is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add the aminated CNT 1g of step (4), carbon fiber 20g, acetone 100mL and the N of step (2) acidifying, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 10g; Heating is also stirred; After 0.1 hour, after 96 hours, in flask, add decamethylene diamine 2g and N with the 60kHz ultrasonic Treatment in reaction under 25 ℃; N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1g reacted 48 hours again; Suction filtration and cyclic washing, 70 ℃ of following vacuumizes 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with CNT and decamethylene diamine;
Fig. 1 has provided the sem photograph that carbon fiber surface is grafted with CNT and decamethylene diamine.
It is 5.6% that the XPS data that Fig. 2 provides can draw multi-wall carbon nano-tube tube-surface amido content.
Embodiment 2: with the SWCN of chemical vapour deposition technique preparation (OD < 8nm) is initial raw material; SWCN is through the carbon fiber reaction with acidifying of purifying, acidifying and aminated back; Behind the reaction certain hour; In system, add hexamethylene diamine again, make the carboxyl of the complete and not aminated CNT reaction of carbon fiber surface fully aminated, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with CNT and hexamethylene diamine.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add the SWCN raw material of 3.1g, the sulfuric acid of 250mL, 20% weight concentration through drying; With 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 12 hours, be heated to 180 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene micro-filtration membrane suction filtration with ψ 0.8 μ m; To neutral, 100 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the CNT of purifying after 24 hours with the deionized water cyclic washing;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that agitator is housed; Add dry carbon fiber 30g of warp and 300mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), be heated to 120 ℃ after 0.1 hour through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment, stirring also refluxes and reacted 3 hours down; Through the filter paper suction filtration; To neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the carbon fiber of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed; The SWCN raw material 3g of the purifying that obtains in the adding step (1) and 200mL, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid solution are heated to 80 ℃ through the 70kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 2 hours, stir the reaction down 80 hours that also refluxes; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene milipore filter suction filtration with ψ 1.2 μ m; To neutral, 100 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the SWCN of acidifying after 24 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add SWCN 3g, hexamethylene diamine 20g, the N of step (3) gained acidifying, dinethylformamide 20g and and N; N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g, reacted 12 hours down at 120 ℃ after 96 hours through the 1kHz ultrasonic Treatment; Suction filtration is removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction; After spending deionised water repeatedly, 100 ℃ of vacuumize 1 hour obtains the SWCN that the surface has amido;
Step (5): in the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add the aminated SWCN 3g of step (4), carbon fiber 30g, the N of step (2) acidifying, dinethylformamide 20g and N; N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 3g, heating is also stirred, with the 100kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 1 hour; After reacting 12 hours under 120 ℃; In beaker, add hexamethylene diamine 5g and N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g reacted 24 hours again, and suction filtration and cyclic washing are repeatedly; In 70 ℃ of following vacuum 36 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with CNT and hexamethylene diamine.
XPS result shows that SWCN surface amido content is 6.4%.
Embodiment 3: with the SWCN of laser evaporation method preparation (OD < 8nm) is initial raw material; SWCN is through the carbon fiber reaction with acidifying of purifying, acidifying and aminated back; Behind the reaction certain hour; In system, add ethylenediamine again, make the carboxyl of the complete and not aminated CNT reaction of carbon fiber surface fully aminated, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with CNT and ethylenediamine.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed; Add 10g SWCN raw material and 250mL, 20% weight concentration sulfuric acid solution, with 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 80 hours, heating and 150 ℃ of stirring and backflows down then; Reacted 48 hours; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene micro-filtration membrane suction filtration with ψ 0.8 μ m, to neutral, 100 ℃ of vacuumizes obtain the SWCN of purifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 2-10 time;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that agitator is housed; Add dry carbon fiber 100g of warp and 300mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), adding is heated to 35 ℃ through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 0.5 hour, and reaction was 12 hours under stirring also refluxed; Through the filter paper suction filtration; To neutral, 120 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the carbon fiber of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 1000mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed; Add the SWCN 9.8g of step (1) purifying and red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) and the concentrated sulfuric acid mixed liquor that 250mL, volume ratio are 3:1, be heated to 55 ℃ after 80 hours, the reaction down 1 hour of stirring and reflux through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene milipore filter suction filtration with ψ 1.2 μ m; To neutral, 65 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the SWCN of acidifying after 48 hours with the deionized water cyclic washing;
Step (4): in the 1000mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add CNT 9.7g, ethylenediamine 100g, acetone 600mL and the N of step (3) gained acidifying, N '-DIC 10g; Through the 120Hz ultrasonic Treatment after 10 hours; Be heated to 55 ℃, the reaction down 96 hours of stirring and reflux is after suction filtration and cyclic washing remove repeatedly; 100 ℃ of vacuumize 50 hours obtains aminated SWCN;
Step (5): in the 1000mL that agitator is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add the aminated SWCN 9.6g of step (4) gained, carbon fiber 100g, acetone 600mL and the N of step (2) acidifying, N '-DIC 10g; Heating is also stirred; After 0.1 hour, after 8 hours, in flask, add ethylenediamine 10g and N again with the 60kHz ultrasonic Treatment in reaction under 55 ℃; N '-DIC 10g reacted 72 hours again; Suction filtration and cyclic washing, 70 ℃ of following vacuumizes 48 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with CNT and ethylenediamine.
The XPS analysis result shows that SWCN surface amido content is 6.9%.
Embodiment 4: with the SWCN of laser evaporation method preparation (OD < 8nm) is initial raw material; SWCN is through the carbon fiber reaction with acidifying of purifying, acidifying and aminated back; Behind the reaction certain hour; In system, add TEPA again, make the carboxyl of the complete and not aminated CNT reaction of carbon fiber surface fully aminated, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is connected to multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and TEPA.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed, add 2.1g SWCN raw material, the sulfuric acid of 200mL, 20% weight concentration; With 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 10 hours, be heated to 100 ℃ then, reacted 48 hours; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene micro-filtration membrane suction filtration with ψ 0.8 μ m; To neutral, 100 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the CNT of purifying after 24 hours with the deionized water cyclic washing;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed; Add dry carbon fiber 50g of warp and 100mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), be heated to 45 ℃ after 0.1 hour through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment, stirring also refluxes and reacted 12 hours down; Through the filter paper suction filtration; To neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the carbon fiber of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed; The CNT 2g of adding step (1) gained acidifying and 100mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) are heated to 65 ℃ through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 1 hour, stir the reaction down 24 hours that also refluxes; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene milipore filter suction filtration with ψ 1.2 μ m; To neutral, 70 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the SWCN of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add CNT 2g and TEPA 10g, acetone 100mL and the N of step (3) gained acidifying, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g; With the 1kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 96 hours; 55 ℃ of down reactions 12 hours, suction filtration is removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction, spend deionised water repeatedly after; 200 ℃ of vacuumize 1 hour obtains the SWCN that the surface has amido;
Step (5): in the 500mL that the magnetic agitation rotor is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks; Add the aminated CNT 2g of step (4), carbon fiber 40g, acetone 300mL, the N of step (2) acidifying; N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 2g heating is also stirred, and after 0.1 hour, adds TEPA 2g with the reaction of 100kHz ultrasonic Treatment again; Reacted 64 hours down at 40 ℃; Suction filtration and cyclic washing, 70 ℃ of following vacuumizes 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with CNT and TEPA.
XPS result shows that carbon nano tube surface amido content is 7.4%.
Embodiment 5: with multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of arc discharge method preparation (OD < 8nm) and carbon fiber is initial raw material; The carbon fiber reaction of walled carbon nanotubes purifying, acidifying and aminated back and acidifying; Behind the reaction certain hour; In system, add triethylene tetramine again, make the carboxyl of the complete and not aminated CNT reaction of carbon fiber surface fully aminated, the carbon fiber surface that obtains is connected to multi-walled carbon nano-tubes and triethylene tetramine.
Step (1): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed, add the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes raw material and 100mL, 20% salpeter solution of 1.1g through drying, processing is 12 hours under the 120kHz ultrasonic wave; Be heated to 60 ℃ then; Reacted 48 hours, and gathered inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene micro-filtration membrane suction filtration, spend deionised water 3-10 time to neutral with ψ 0.8 μ m; 85 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of purifying after 24 hours;
Step (2): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed; Add dry carbon fiber 25g of warp and 120mL, 60% weight concentration red fuming nitric acid (RFNA), adding is heated to 25 ℃ through the 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 12 hours, and reaction was 1 hour under stirring also refluxed; Through the filter paper suction filtration; To neutral, 150 ℃ of following vacuumizes obtained the carbon fiber of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (3): in the single neck round-bottomed flask of the 250mL that agitator is housed; The multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 1g of the purifying that obtains in the adding step (1) and 120mL, 98% concentrated sulfuric acid solution are heated to 65 ℃ through the 60kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 1 hour, stir the reaction down 24 hours that also refluxes; Gather inclined to one side tetrafluoroethylene milipore filter suction filtration with ψ 1.2 μ m; To neutral, 80 ℃ of vacuumizes obtained the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes of acidifying after 48 hours with deionized water cyclic washing 3-10 time;
Step (4): in the 250mL that agitator is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add CNT 1g, triethylene tetramine 10g, acetone 100mL and the N of step (3) gained acidifying, N '-DIC 1g; Through the 100kHz ultrasonic Treatment after 1 hour; 50 ℃ of following stirring reactions 0.5 hour, suction filtration was removed unreacted reactant and byproduct of reaction, spend deionised water 3-10 time repeatedly after; 80 ℃ of vacuumize 24 hours obtains the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that the surface has amido;
Step (5): in the 500mL that agitator is housed three neck round-bottomed flasks, add carbon fiber 25g, acetone 100mL and the N of aminated multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 1g step (2) acidifying of step (4), N '-DIC 2g; Heating is also stirred; After 2 hours, after 12 hours, in flask, add triethylene tetramine 2g and N again with the 1kHz ultrasonic Treatment in reaction under 70 ℃; N '-DIC 1g reacted 48 hours again; Suction filtration and cyclic washing, 70 ℃ of following vacuumizes 24 hours, the carbon fiber surface that obtains was grafted with CNT and triethylene tetramine.
XPS result shows that multi-wall carbon nano-tube tube-surface amido content is 7.2%.
Fig. 3 has provided the CNT transmission electron microscope picture that triethylene tetramine is modified.
Above-mentioned description to embodiment is to understand and application the present invention for the ease of the those of ordinary skill of this technical field.The personnel of skilled obviously can easily make various modifications to these embodiment, and needn't pass through performing creative labour being applied in the General Principle of this explanation among other embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not restricted to the embodiment here, those skilled in the art should be within protection scope of the present invention to improvement and modification that the present invention makes according to announcement of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a functionalization carbon fiber is characterized in that concrete steps are following:
(1) takes by weighing the dry CNT and 10～1 * 10 of 0.1～1 * 10g
4ML acid mixes, in 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave or 10 r/min ~ 10
6The centrifugal speed of r/min stirs down and handled 1～24 hour; Be heated to 20～150 ℃ then, reacted 1～48 hour, through deionized water dilution washing; The miillpore filter suction filtration; Cyclic washing is neutral to filtrating repeatedly, is 25～150 ℃ of following vacuumizes 1～48 hour in temperature, obtains the CNT of purifying; Wherein: said acid is any or its multiple mixed liquor in the hydrochloric acid of sulfuric acid or 1～50% weight acid concentration of nitric acid, 1～55% weight acid concentration of 1～35% weight acid concentration;
(2) with 1～1 * 10
2Carbon fiber and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10 that g is dry
4ML mixes, and under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handles 0.1～12 hour, is heated to 25～120 ℃ then; Stirring and back flow reaction 0.2～12 hour; Through the deionized water washing, filter paper suction filtration, cyclic washing repeatedly are neutral to filtrating; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25～150 ℃ of temperature, obtains the carbon fiber of acidifying;
(3) with purifying carbon nano-tube 0.1～1 * 10g that obtains in the step (1) and acid with strong oxidizing property 1～1 * 10
3ML mixes, and under 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic wave, handles 0.1～80 hour, is heated to 25～120 ℃ then; Stirring and back flow reaction 1～80 hour; Through deionized water dilution washing, ultramicropore filter membrane suction filtration, cyclic washing repeatedly are neutral to filtrating; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25～200 ℃ of temperature, obtains the CNT of acidifying;
(4) with CNT 0.1～1 * 10g, diamine or the polyamine 1～1 * 10 of step (3) gained acidifying
3G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix; With 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 0.1～96 hour, after reacting 1～96 hour under 25～220 ℃ of temperature, suction filtration and cyclic washing; Vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, obtains aminated CNT;
(5) CNT 0.1～1 * 10g that step (4) gained is aminated, the acidifying carbon fiber 1～1 * 10 of step (2) gained
2G, organic solvent 1～1 * 10
3ML and condensing agent 0.1～1 * 10g mix, and with 1 ~ 120kHz ultrasonic Treatment 0.1～12 hour, are 25～220 ℃ of reactions after 0.1～96 hour, toward wherein adding diamine or polyamine 0.1～1 * 10 down in temperature
2G and condensing agent 0～1 * 10g reacted 1～96 hour again, suction filtration and cyclic washing, and vacuumize is 1～48 hour under 25 ~ 200 ℃ of temperature, and the carbon fiber surface that obtains is grafted with amido and CNT.
2. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that CNT described in the step (1) comprises single wall or multi-walled carbon nano-tubes or its mixture that mixes with arbitrary proportion of any preparation in chemical vapour deposition technique, arc discharge method, solar energy method, template or the laser evaporation method.
3. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that carbon fiber described in the step (2) is any or its multiple combination in unidirectional long fiber cloth, two-way textile sheet, three-phase textile sheet or the random staple fibre.
4. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that acid with strong oxidizing property described in step (2), (3) is any or its multiple combination in 0.1～70% weight acid concentration nitric acid, 1～100% weight acid concentration sulfuric acid, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio nitric acid and sulfuric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio potassium permanganate and nitric acid mixed solution, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid mixture liquid, 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid mixed solution or 1 ∕ 100～100 ∕, 1 mol ratio hydrogen peroxide and the nitric acid mixed liquor.
5. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that diamine is an ethylenediamine, 1 described in step (4), (5); 2-propane diamine, 1,3-propane diamine, 1,2-butanediamine, 1; In the 3-butanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylene diamine, p-phenylenediamine (PPD), cyclohexanediamine, m-phenylene diamine (MPD), m-xylene diamine, two amido diphenyl methanes, the Meng alkane diamines, chlorination hexamethylene diamine, chlorination nonamethylene diamine, chlorination decamethylene diamine, 12 carbon diamines or 13 carbon diamines any; Said polyamine is fourth triamine, N-amine ethyl piperazidine, adipic dihydrazide, N; N-dimethyl dipropyl triamine, pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine, N; N; N, N, any or its multiple combination in N-five methyl diethylentriamine, TEPA, diethylenetriamine, triethylene tetramine, five ethene hexamines or six ethene, seven amine.
6. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the organic solvent described in step (4), (5) is benzene,toluene,xylene, styrene, butyl toluene, perchloroethylene, trichloro-ethylene, vinyltoluene, ethylene glycol ether, carrene, carbon disulfide, tricresyl phosphate orthoresol, methyl alcohol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, toluene cyclohexanone, ether, expoxy propane, acetone, espeleton, methylisobutylketone, glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, acetonitrile, pyridine, chlorobenzene, dichloro-benzenes, carrene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloro-ethylene, tetrachloro-ethylene, trichloropropane, dichloroethanes, N, any or its multiple combination in dinethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dioxane or the oxolane.
7. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that condensing agent is N described in step (4), (5); N '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, N, any or its multiple combination in N '-DIC or 1-ethyl-3-dimethylamine propyl carbodiimide.
8. the preparation method of a kind of functionalization carbon fiber according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the carbon fiber surface that obtains described in the step (5) is grafted with amido and CNT, is the carbon fiber that the carbon fiber surface of functionalization is grafted with diamine or polyamine and CNT.
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