CN102091500B - Variable pressure absorption oxygen and nitrogen combined separation method and device - Google Patents
Variable pressure absorption oxygen and nitrogen combined separation method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mixed gas separation, in particular to a variable pressure absorption oxygen and nitrogen combined separation method and a pressure absorption oxygen and nitrogen combined separation device. The device comprises at least two absorption towers filled with absorbent, pipelines for supplying raw material gas to the absorption towers, pipelines for taking product gas from the absorption towers respectively, pipelines for gas component and energy recovery and exchange between the absorption towers and gas kinetic energy transmission from an absorption tower reaching absorption saturation to another absorption tower, and an oxygen and nitrogen product gas buffering tank, wherein an oxygen product gas is connected to the cleaning pipeline and control valve of the feeding end of each absorption tower, and the nitrogen gas product is connected to the cleaning pipe line and the control valve of the discharge end of each absorption tower. In the separation method provided by the invention, two high-purity products, namely oxygen and nitrogen, can be obtained at the same time through a single absorption and separation process, and the oxygen meets the requirements of aerially breathable oxygen. The device can be highly integrated, and the volume and weight of the device are in accordance with the development direction of aerospace on-board oxygen and nitrogen extraction and the requirements of on-board equipment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mist separation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method and apparatus of separating between the raw gas mixture realized by non-cryogenic technology, be particularly related to a kind of method and apparatus that adopts the pressure-variable adsorption separation system from the mixture that contains the multiple gases component, to reclaim the product gas more than wherein at least a, more typical, relate to a kind of separation method and device of from air, isolating simultaneously oxygen and nitrogen.
Background technology
Oxygen and nitrogen have more and more important application as basic industrial gasses, in the Aeronautics and Astronautics field, the main application of oxygen is to breathe and burning, the personnel that high dummy status servant person breathes, examines under the biochemical operating mode breathe and High Altitude Emergency parachuting breathing oxygen, and the oxygen enrichment of aircraft or pure oxygen combustion-supporting, emergent igniting use oxygen etc. all to be unable to do without oxygen; Nitrogen is as a kind of desirable inert gas; pollution-free; inexhaustible in air; with do not have a rest; be widely used in the aircraft fuel fuel tank; pressing down of warhead ammunition depot fired; explosion-proof; aircraft nacelle; the emergent fire extinguishing of the significant points such as engine; anticorrosion from the missile guidance to the instrument and meter; from steering maneuver with nitrogen to damping; accumulator supercharging nitrogen; even the inertia protection of tire etc. all be unable to do without nitrogen; oxygen at various aircraft; during nitrogen is used; the oxygen of especially modern civilian and operational aircraft; nitrogen ensures especially important; the important step of flight support, for guaranteeing the important goal deactivations processing such as oxygen supply safety and fuel tank of continuing a journey for a long time; the on-the-spot nitrogen of using such as cabin nitrogen extinguishing is to improve flight safety.The oxygen of aircraft and nitrogen ensure that developing into already the gaseous state of abandoning tradition, liquid bottled source of the gas turns to airborne real-time oxygen processed, nitrogen technology processed of adopting, oxygen processed, the nitrogen technology processed (OBOGS/OBIGGS) of especially uniting as the method for unique air supply source
Air separation technology traditionally is mostly take air as raw material, representational isolation technics can be divided into three large mainstream technologys: Deep Cooling Method (Cryogenic), pressure swing adsorption method (PSA, VSA, VPSA), membrane separation process (Membrane Separation).
Up to now, the low-temperature distillation process technology remains the main flow in industrial air separation market, in extensive air separation field, have lower separation operating cost and higher purity of product gas, although this technology can be taken into account oxygen product and nitrogen product even argon gas product simultaneously, form a kind of production capacity of installing multiple product, but do not have effective solution for the application scenario of the specific environments such as air separation, the especially portable outfit of miniaturization, airborne oxygen processed nitrogen processed.
Pressure swing adsorption method, membrane separation process is the important supplement of cryogenic technology, this non-deep-cooling space division technique is small and exquisite because of its device volume, have more flexibility, convenience, small investment, energy consumption is low, automaticity is high, the series of advantages such as simple to operate, can provide a kind of relatively flexibly on-the-spot air supply method for the user, in device miniaturization, satisfy vehicle-mounted, airborne installation operation condition aspect has suitable feasibility, but blemish in an otherwise perfect thing is, be limited by adsorption and separation material when adopting pressure-variable adsorption or membrane separation technique to carry out air separation, the stalling characteristic restriction of separation membrane, not selectively not high such as adsorbent, the not high reason of the separation of separation membrane, single pressure-variable adsorption piece-rate system or film separation system are difficult to obtain simultaneously two kinds of highly purified product gas, more are difficult to satisfy the instructions for use of airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS gas generator.
As everyone knows, common a kind of employing carbon molecular sieve (CMS) can extract nitrogen continuously based on the pressure-variable adsorption of dynamics separating mechanism from air, simultaneously, the waste gas of getting rid of from adsorption bed often then is the oxygen rich gas of low-purity, typically, when extracting 95% nitrogen, oxygen rich gas purity about 33～36% from the exhaust gas side eliminating, when extracting 99.9% nitrogen, the oxygen rich gas purity of getting rid of from exhaust gas side is about 28～32%, supposes the nitrogen that dna purity is higher, the nitrogen such as 99.99%, then the waste gas oxygen-enriched purity is lower, is about 24～26%.Obviously, from single PSA nitrogen process processed, the product nitrogen gas purity that extracts is higher, the oxygen rich gas purity that exhaust gas side is got rid of is then lower, in theory, even no matter the purity of nitrogen product stream adopts this pressure-swing absorption apparatus take carbon molecular sieve as adsorbent based on the dynamics separation mechanism also to be difficult to produce purity and is higher than 80% oxygen rich gas.Therefore, obviously, the gas of oxygen enrichment waste side purity range 23%～40% is difficult to obtain larger industrialization and uses because quality is low, more is difficult to satisfy the instructions for use of airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS gas generator.
Same, also have a kind of employing with zeolite (such as CaA, CaX, NaX, the nitrogen absorbers such as LiX type, being called ZMS) this nitrogen absorber extracts the method for oxygen continuously from air based on the omnibus control system of equilibrium adsorption mechanism, be mainly used in and separate small on-the-spot air feed such as the following production scale of 200TPD, different from making nitrogen by pressure swing adsorption, employing is based on the pressure swing absorption process of dynamics separating mechanism with this speed type of carbon molecular sieve (CMS) molecular sieve, and adopt with zeolite (such as CaA, CaX, NaX, the nitrogen absorbers such as LiX type) this nitrogen absorber is based on the pressure swing absorption process of equilibrium adsorption mechanism, it can obtain 88～95.7% oxygen product in air, adopt the X-type zeolite with oxygen argon stalling characteristic of modification or multistage PSA that employing has at least two mass-transfer zones also can obtain purity up to 99.9% oxygen product, typically, when omnibus control system obtains 88～95.7% oxygen product, the rich nitrogen gas purity of its toxic emission side is then very low, average purity is only about 87%, obviously, the low-purity gas of quality also so that the application of this product is restricted, more is difficult to satisfy the requirement of airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS gas generator like this.
Membrane separation technique is a kind of new and high technology that grows up mid-term in 20th century, gas membrane Seperation Technology is to utilize the principle of infiltration, it is the direction motion that molecule reduces to chemical potential by film, at first move on the outer surface layer of film, and be dissolved in the film, then in the interior surface layers desorb to film of the diffusion inside of film, its motive force is that this partial pressure of film both sides is poor, because the speed the when gas of different component is by film in the mist is different, thus reach gas separate reclaim the purpose of purifying gas.In the industrialization practice aspect the oxygen that is applied to purify, along with the research and development of separation membrane and the breakthrough of flow process, up to now, α (Alpha) value that representational its oxygen nitrogen of organic film parting material that can be applied to air separation separates is mostly between 2～7, can directly in air, obtain the oxygen of about 60% following purity, adopt the system of Using Multistage Membranes separation process can obtain purity even greater than 90% oxygen, to film separation and nitrogen-making, α (Alpha) value that the single stage membrane separation process adopts oxygen nitrogen to separate can directly obtain the nitrogen of about 99.95% following purity in air at the separation membrane about 7.But, the same with the pressure swing adsorption of foregoing description, be limited by the separating property that has parting material now, adopt this technology to be difficult to obtain simultaneously highly purified gas, nitrogen product is limited by 90～99.95%, and oxygen product then is limited by 23～90%.
Pressure swing adsorption and membrane separation technique characteristics are each has something to recommend him, typical film separation process can simply be divided into two even a plurality of material flow with a mixed airflow, simply realized reclaiming simultaneously the multiple product gas between the multicomponent gas, but regrettably up to now commercialization the separation membrane that is applied to the separation process of constituent of air film not high because of oxygen nitrogen separation, treat selectively less between separation component oxygen and the nitrogen, therefore, generally be applied to obtain the oxygen rich air of purity about 40% or 99.5% following than low-purity nitrogen gas, surpassing the air separation of this purity target and the air separation of pressure swing adsorption compares, because of energy resource consumption larger, cost is relatively high and fail to obtain good cost performance, pressure swing adsorption then because of higher product recovery rate and widely adaptability mostly be applied to higher degree and the gas separation process that need to reclaim with higher recovery, but regrettably its its exhaust gas side in purification high-purity product stream is difficult to obtain the product stream of higher degree.
For the on-the-spot air supply method of the multi-product that obtains a kind of alternative low-temperature deep technique, universities and colleges of numerous university, research unit, business unit has proposed many methods, such as US Patent No. 772867 a kind of pressure-variable adsorption of two products of purifying and the piece-rate system of membrane separation technique coupling have been described, adopted therein the swing adsorption oxygen generating system with the nitrogen adsorption agent among embodiment, usually can the purify oxygen rich gas of 88～95.7% purity of original this system, waste gas is got rid of, in order effectively to utilize waste gas, improve the purity of waste gas, the film separation system that has been coupled captures the nitrogen of higher degree and the kinetic energy of toxic emission at appropriate step, to realize the recovery of two products.But the product component purity that this method can realize is not high, and according to the method that embodiment describes, its oxygen product is confined to 88～95.7%, and nitrogen then is confined to below 95%, and obviously, its application is restricted;
In addition, US Patent No. 772866 has also been described a kind of pressure-variable adsorption piece-rate system that realizes that by capturing waste gas streams two products reclaim from the PSA system, the same with above-mentioned system, the product component purity that this method can realize is not high, according to the method that embodiment describes, its oxygen product is confined to 88～95.7%, and nitrogen then is confined to below 95%～99.9%, obviously, its application also is restricted.
A kind of gas separating method and system have and for example been disclosed shown in the JP116836/2001 Japan Patent, adopted the main gas component of difficult absorption the first (oxygen) with the first adsorbent (such as zeolite molecular sieve) that adsorbs easily the main gas component of the second (nitrogen) the main gas component of the first (oxygen) enrichment to be become the first product, adopted again the main gas component of easy absorption the first (oxygen) with the second adsorbent (such as carbon molecular sieve) that is difficult for the absorption main gas component of the second (nitrogen) the main gas component of the second (nitrogen) enrichment to be become the second product, system has adopted pressure swing adsorption system in parallel on the macroscopic view, oxygen and nitrogen component for this mist of air can reclaim simultaneously.But, system is because simply adopted single level system, the separation selectivity that separates the adsorbent that not only is subject to employing, and this single pressure swing adsorption system adopted unimproved flow process, be difficult to realize that highly purified gas component reclaims, again such as, be difficult to reach highly purified product stream more than 99% for oxygen, be difficult to reach highly purified product stream more than 99.999% for nitrogen; In addition, system had not also considered to reclaim or thoroughly, effectively reclaim the valuable waste gas component of each pressure swing adsorption system eliminating and the kinetic energy of compressed formation, and therefore, the rate of recovery of discrete piece-rate system is inevitable low, be difficult to industrialization and use.
Separate about multi-level thin film, US Patent No. 626559 has been announced a kind of method and system of isolating a kind of pure component gas from gaseous mixture, adopted in the piece-rate system of at least three grades of film structures, in certain one-level, omitted necessary compression device, thereby reduced energy resource consumption, adopt commercialization oxygen nitrogen separating film with less energy resource consumption, lower cost with at least a component that improves the gaseous mixture purification process purity as output of products, but, the same with above-mentioned situation, be difficult to realize that the voluminous thing of high-pure gas reclaims.
Chinese patent CN 101376493A, CN 101412501A novel airborne oxygen/oxygen generation-nitrogen generation coupling system processed, with the novel airborne of compression pump oxygen/oxygen generation-nitrogen generation coupling system processed, a kind of two product stream piece-rate systems that are applied to the airborne circumstance condition have been disclosed, it is mainly by the molecular sieve swing adsorption oxygen generating system, Middle hollow fiber membrane nitrogen gas generating system and other enclosure group become, system takes full advantage of oxygen processed, nitrogen mode processed is to the different requirements of inlet air flow pressure, use injector, all or part of nitrogen gas generating system emission gases is reclaimed, can produce simultaneously two product gas: oxygen and nitrogen, this system can reduce the demand to the engine bleed amount effectively, and simple in structure, without any moving component, reliable, volume is little, lightweight, but obviously, its technology that adopts is difficult to produce the purity that meets China's military standard of China and reaches 99.5% oxygen, more is difficult to produce the high-purity nitrogen more than 99.99%.
Chinese patent CN 1798687A discloses a kind of mobile system that produces and provide oxygen and nitrogen, the gas generating unit of the mobile system of this invention has adopted the first air-separating plant that comprises organic membrane separation technique, the second air-separating plant of pressure swing adsorption, the 3rd air-separating plant of solid electrolyte isolation technics, obviously, this patent can obtain multiple different purity product stream-high-purity oxygen (producing from the solid electrolyte air-separating plant) in theory by adopting three kinds of dissimilar gas separations to reach, moderate purity oxygen (producing from the pressure swing adsorption air separator), low-purity nitrogen gas (air-separating plant from organic membrane separation technique produces), but, because of its type of skill that adopts too complicated, integrate and be difficult to when using be suitable for airborne practice environment facies, more or more consumption system resource, maintainability, maintenance cost is also poor than the monotechnics type.
Summary of the invention
In view of above situation, surpass more than 97% even more than 99.5% in order directly in air, to obtain simultaneously oxygen product with non-cryogenic air separation unit technological means, nitrogen product surpass 99.99% in addition two kinds of high-purity products reaching 99.999% or more flow, especially satisfy the aviation of Chinese military standard of China and breathe the oxygen nitrogen demand of using the nitrogen index with oxygen and aircraft, the invention provides a kind of variable-pressure adsorption separating method and device of non-cryogenic air separation unit technology, can in air, obtain simultaneously high-purity oxygen and high-purity nitrogen, being particularly suitable for aircraft uses, typically, as adopting under the aircraft airborne circumstance condition, system can be less volume, weight, realize oxygen in the constituent of air under lower manufacturing cost and the higher energy efficiency, the efficient separation of nitrogen obtains simultaneously oxygen product and surpasses more than 97% even more than 99.5%, nitrogen product surpass 99.99% in addition two kinds of high-purity products reaching 99.999% or more flow.
The mentioned high-purity product stream of the present invention means that oxygen product surpasses more than 97% in addition 99.5% above, nitrogen product surpass 99.99% in addition two kinds of high-purity products reaching 99.999% or more flow;
The percentage of the gas that the present invention is mentioned is percent by volume;
The mentioned adsorbing separation of the present invention has and comprises such as pressure-variable adsorption (Pressure Swing Adsorption, abbreviation PSA), adsorbing separation, the words such as PSA, VPSA, VSA, the professional and technical personnel can admit, these method indications are not only the PSA method, also comprise with it similar method, such as Vacuum Pressure Swing Adsorption (Vacuum Swing Adsorption-VSA) or blend pressure pressure-variable adsorption (Mixed Pressure Swing Adsorption-MPSA) method etc.To understand in broader meaning, that is to say, adsorptive pressure for periodic cycle, a kind of higher pressure is the higher pressure with respect to desorption procedure, can comprise more than or equal to atmospheric pressure, and for the desorption pressures of periodic cycle, a kind of lower pressure is the lower pressure with respect to adsorption step, then comprise being less than or equal to atmospheric pressure, Temp .-changing adsorption is also similar.
Said strong absorbed component and weak absorbed component, as adopting oxygen absorbent, then oxygen namely is strong absorbed component, and nitrogen then is weak absorbed component, and weak absorbed component is relatively strong absorbed component;
Said adsorption tower also can be described as absorber, adsorbent bed, separator, has referred to load at least a container such as the said adsorbent of this paper, and adsorbent has stronger adsorption capacity to the component of easily adsorbing in the mist;
The multiple air separation technology type of employing that method of the present invention is different from prior art is coupled to finish the method that two products reclaim simultaneously, more be different from the production method that prior art only can satisfy a kind of high-purity product stream, adopt that the coupling of prior art type only can the production low-purity, at least a purity can not satisfy high-purity product stream, as adopt the coupling technique of pressure-variable adsorption, the coupling technique that film separates or the coupling technique that adopts pressure-variable adsorption to separate with film, the technology of these couplings all are difficult to directly to produce simultaneously the mentioned oxygen product of this patent in air and surpass more than 97% even more than 99.5%, nitrogen product surpass 99.99% in addition two kinds of high-purity products reaching 99.999% or more flow.
The pressure-variable adsorption (PSA) that the present invention proposes is united oxygen processed, method for preparing nitrogen is achieved in that
The described method of raw air such as known technology, gas is compressed to enter piece-rate system except deoil, the solid impurity such as dust etc. reaches after allowing to require by pretreatment system again.
1, air enters the adsorption separation unit that certain adsorbent is housed after above-mentioned preliminary treatment.
2, adsorption separation unit can be comprised of one or more adsorption tower, fluid switch valve and pipelines that adsorbent is housed, after air enters some adsorption towers of adsorption separation unit, airborne oxygen is that strong absorbed component is adsorbed the agent preferential adsorption, and nitrogen is that weak absorbed component is then passed this adsorption tower enrichment and become the first gas product and be collected and be output as the first gas product.
3, when the approaching absorption of the adsorbent in this adsorption tower is saturated, unstripped gas stops to enter this adsorption tower, as known pressure swing adsorption, the saturated adsorption tower of this absorption can be preferred but be non-essentially carried out one or many with other adsorption tower and exchange to reclaim necessary component (oxygen, nitrogen), behind the energy (compression energy), unstripped gas changes by switching to the adsorption tower that it is good that another has been regenerated and continues absorption product nitrogen, this has adsorbed saturated adsorption tower then can optionally use the gas product of having exported according to the requirement of product oxygen purity after preferred but non-essential exchange, namely has more highly purified strong absorbed component (oxygen), adsorb saturated bed by the inlet end purging and displaced weak absorbed component (such as nitrogen) remaining in the bed, to discharge strong absorbed component (oxygen) by reducing the pressure adsorbent, optionally take out to collect as the second gas product and be output as the second gas product to vacuumize oxygen with adsorbent bed interior absorption, meanwhile, adsorbent obtains regeneration because of the desorb of bed decompression oxygen.
4, after this adsorption bed was complete because of reduce pressure releasing oxygen adsorbent so desorb, optionally the gas (such as rich nitrogen, high-purity nitrogen) with weak absorbed component purged and pressurising, prepares to enter next circulation absorption gas generation process.
5, as known pressure swing adsorption, repeat above step in the mode that circulates.
Circulation absorption separation process as above, a plurality of adsorption towers of adsorption separation unit automatically switch under the control system effect of describing such as known technology and circulate, finish continuous product oxygen, produce nitrogen, through this device can obtain in air directly that oxygen product surpasses 97% or more even more than 99.5%, nitrogen product above 99.99% in addition two kinds of high-purity products reaching more than 99.999% flow.
In the above-described method, raw air can draw from aircraft engine, compressor or environmental control system, typically, pressure is such as 3～20bar(gauge pressure), more typical, pressure is such as 3～6bar, and the professional and technical personnel can understand, the raw air that obtains required pressure under the aircraft flight attitude is easy to, even can design separately the raw air that a gas source interface obtains required pressure for this reason.
Described adsorbent, ρ zeolite such as adsorbable oxygen, the structure of this synthetic zeolite and synthetic " crystal structure of the new zeolite that zeolite ρ-a kind of is relevant with Linde type A " that is described in the people such as Robson, " chemical progress Series of Papers (Advaces in Chemistry Series) " 121(American Chemical Society, 102～1151973) and in the United States Patent (USP) 3904738 of Robson detailed description is arranged, can be under the normal-temperature operation condition adsorption of oxygen, operate desorb under the lower pressure under the elevated pressures.
Described adsorbent, the oxygen absorbent described of publication " 201010023049.0 1 kinds of X-type zeolite separation materials and preparation method thereof " also as, a kind of modified RE X-type zeolite, can be under the normal-temperature operation condition adsorption of oxygen, operate desorb under the lower pressure under the elevated pressures.
In the above-mentioned adsorption separating method, then to look the displacement degree different from adsorbing weak absorbed component that saturated bed displaces, a kind of rich nitrogen, the requirement of visual final products nitrogen gas purity can exclude system or reclaim as the first product gas, perhaps boosts and reuse in order to pilot process subsequently as temporary transient recovery of intermediate gas.
And, purity requirement is not in the very high special case to strong absorbed component (oxygen) at one, uses the strong absorbed component of high-purity (oxygen) to be purged by inlet end and has adsorbed that process that saturated bed displaces weak absorbed component (such as nitrogen) remaining in the bed is not optionally carried out or the carrying out of amount seldom.
In the above-mentioned adsorption separating method, preferred but the non-essential vacuum equipment that adsorbent oxygen is taken out can adopt the compressed air of obtaining under the flight attitude for driving the Pneumatic vacuum equipment of power, simultaneously, if the oxygen of required more high pressure, nitrogen, same can adopt the compressed air of obtaining under the flight attitude for driving the Pneumatic booster equipment of power, this Pneumatic booster equipment can be compressed to low-pressure gas more than 150 bar easily, as to 200 bar, 350 bar, the perhaps gases at high pressure of high pressure more, and optionally with oxygen, nitrogen is filled with in the gas cylinder that carries at random for subsequent use, and a whole set of adopts bailout bottle and airborne equipment and the air supply method that combines with control as known technology is described, be easy to form the oxygen supply confession nitrogen scheme of high reliability.
In addition, because the energy that whole separation process needs is the compression energy of gas, the compressed air of obtaining under compression and the preferred flight attitude of vacuum is for driving the pneumatic equipment of power, the professional and technical personnel can admit, these are of value to the further installation volume of whole system, the aggregate resource of optimization airborne equipment of improving, use method of the present invention and separate the advantage that obviously has more, adopt the method for foregoing description will obtain a kind of unprecedented benefit, under airborne installation utilization condition, it is very necessary that this useful invention seems.
The gas separating method of above-mentioned pressure-variable adsorption (PSA) comprises the PSA method of the improvement of various PSA, such as VPSA, VSA etc. separation method, as known pressure swing adsorption, higher adsorptive pressure adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity, and lower desorption pressures, such as typical negative pressure desorption pressures, typically, such as-10 KPa～-90 KPa, more typical, carry out the regeneration of adsorbent and obtain product oxygen, the lower regeneration that helps adsorbent of desorption pressures at-30 KPa～-60 KPa, and the pressure ratio of raising adsorption separation process, so that adsorbent has higher adsorption capacity difference, also will be of value to further minimizing adsorbent consumption, reduce weight of equipment.
In the pressure swing absorption process of foregoing description or the method and apparatus shown in the drawings, can make various changes and can not deviate from scope of the present invention.Therefore, although this method is described as example with a simple dual bed pressure and temperature varying adsorption method, wherein, adsorption tower can be the adsorption tower of the structural form of any requirement, can use axial flow, radial flow, lateral flow or other pattern by the air-flow pattern of adsorption tower, about single adsorption tower, can be Liang Ta, three towers, even multitower, and each can include a plurality of main adsorption layers, perhaps also can not or be provided with one or more pretreatment layers in order to optimize adsorption process.
Therefore, just just in order conveniently concrete property of the present invention to be shown in accompanying drawing or to explain in herein.Because according to the present invention, these characteristics also can combine with other characteristic, and those skilled in the art can admit that other embodiment that can use also should comprise within the scope of the appended claims in practice of the present invention.
Based on the device of the method for oxygen nitrogen combined separation of the present invention, by consisting of such as lower member:
1, has two or more adsorption towers that are filled with above-mentioned adsorbent at least;
2, at least one cover is optionally to each adsorption tower the supply raw materials pipeline of gas and necessary switch valve;
3, at least one cover optionally takes out the pipeline of gas product and necessary switch valve from each adsorption tower;
4, preferred but carry out gas component and energy between non-essential tower and the tower and reclaim the pipeline of exchange and necessary switch valve, arrive the another one adsorption tower in order to the gas kinetic energy that will adsorb in the saturated rear adsorption tower;
5, preferred but non-essential oxygen and nitrogen product gas surge tank are connected to oxygen delivery valve and nitrogen delivery valve;
6, a preferred but non-essential cover oxygen product gas is connected to the cleaning pipeline and necessary by-pass valve control of the feed end of each adsorption tower;
When 7, a preferred but non-essential cover oxygen product gas is connected to the cleaning of feed end of each adsorption tower from the pipeline of discharge end discharging and necessary by-pass valve control;
8, a preferred but non-essential cover nitrogen product is to the cleaning pipeline of each adsorption tower discharge end and necessary by-pass valve control;
9, according to the method described above, a cover be installed in civilian or military airbornely unite oxygen processed, nitrogen gas generating system (airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS association system) comprises at least:
The separative element of A, a cover as above-mentioned separation method;
B, at least one cover are from encircling control or engine compressor or other bleed ports to the pipeline of separative element and preferred but pretreatment units such as non-essential filtration;
The Pneumatic vacuum device of the enhancing adsorbent desorb that C, a preferred but non-essential cover take out adsorbent oxygen, its driving force is under flight attitude as the compressed air introduced of ring control or engine compressor or other bleed ports;
D, preferred but a non-essential cover continues to be pressurized to the more pneumatic compression device of high pressure with product oxygen and nitrogen, its driving force is under flight attitude as the compressed air of ring control or engine compressor or the introducing of other bleed ports.
The present invention has following distinguishing feature:
1, the separation method of the present invention's proposition, adopt the single adsorption separation process can obtain simultaneously two kinds of high purity product oxygen and nitrogen, especially satisfy the aviation of China's military standard of China and breathe the oxygen that requires with oxygen, and at present, generally can not reach oxygen purity such as 99.5% above military standard of China based on the molecular sieve oxygen generation of routine techniques, application is subject to restriction to a certain degree, only limits to the oxygen replenishment of low-latitude flying, and can not be as the oxygen guarantee of high-altitude war fighting requirement;
2, system can be highly integrated, be combined with airborne operating environment, can utilize fully the conveniences such as compression energy that very easily obtain under the flight attitude, need not any power-equipment, can realize the integrated combined separation of airborne oxygen nitrogen, it is real OBOGS/OBIGGS association system, to so far, airborne oxygen processed is the high-purity oxygen that satisfies military standard of China, the general coupling process that all need adopt the multiple technologies equipment of pressure-variable adsorption and membrane separation technique, device technique is complicated, volume is large, energy resource consumption is high, the art of this patent then can height integrated utilization airborne applied environment convenience greatly reduce integrated difficulty, reduce volume, weight requirements meets the developing direction of the airborne oxygen nitrogen extraction of following Aero-Space and the requirement of airborne equipment;
The method or the device that adopt this patent to provide, unite oxygen processed, nitrogen processed on the aircraft that typical application is endoatmosphere flight, can be used as a kind of airborne associating oxygen supply, nitrogen supply system (such as airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS association system), in air, extract simultaneously oxygen and provide in real time oxygen and nitrogen with nitrogen for aircraft, the various aircraft that these aircraft such as various types of military or civil aircraft, guided missile, rocket, dirigible etc. fly in the endoatmosphere.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of air-separating plant diagram that can produce simultaneously high-purity oxygen and nitrogen of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that a kind of airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS of the present invention unites oxygen processed, nitrogen gas generating system device diagram.
Fig. 3 is that a kind of airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS of the present invention unites oxygen processed, nitrogen gas generating system principal diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below the specific embodiment by example forms, foregoing of the present invention is described in further detail again.But this should be interpreted as that the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention only limits to following example, all technology that realizes based on the content more than the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Among Fig. 1, the 1st, draw the compressed air from aircraft engine compressor, environmental control system or other bleed ports, it is raw air, optionally by pressure-reducing valve or throttling to 3～5 bar, and can select an air pretreatment device, and be about to this raw air and dispel its particulate, impurity etc. to satisfy the needs of later separation unit, general, this dispels device will hold back majority of particles impurity, even moisture, carbon dioxide etc.; V1A, V1B is the switch valve that raw air connects two adsorption towers of adsorption separation unit, air is in this transfer valve optionally enters an adsorption tower of adsorption separation unit, as enter the A01 adsorption tower, because of the adsorbent adsorption of oxygen, typical in adopting the rare earth zeolite as oxygen absorbent, or adopt the ρ zeolite as oxygen absorbent, can as the pressure of 3～5 bar under adsorption of oxygen, and from discharge end enrichment nitrogen, exclude system through V3A and enter preferred but non-essential nitrogen product surge tank P1, V01, V03 are preferred but non-essential choke valve, are respectively applied to control aerogenesis and output flow, same, the output valve when V3B is A02 adsorption tower product nitrogen.
When adsorption tower A01 adsorbs saturated oxygen, cut off the V1A steam supply valve, raw air stops to enter adsorption tower, by opening V2A, adsorbent is with releasing oxygen, and compression/vacuum equipment AB01 of preferred but inessential employing extracts the oxygen that adsorbs in the adsorption tower to a preferred but non-essential oxygen product surge tank P2, this adsorption tower obtains regeneration because pressure decreased adsorbent releasing oxygen makes adsorbent, and is typical, can be released into normal pressure or lower pressure, as normal pressure～-the 90KPa(gauge pressure), same, the output valve when V2B is A02 adsorption tower product oxygen, and, when producing oxygen, nitrogen delivery valve V3A closes.
As a preferred but non-essential step, extract before the saturated oxygen of absorption, adsorption tower A01/A02 once can be exchanged, as opening simultaneously V5A/V5B, V3A/V3B to reclaim gas compression energy and the valuable constituent of adsorption tower A01, further improves the oxygen components in the A01;
Carry out the step that a nitrogen returns after also can selecting, as by opening separately V3B product nitrogen gas being returned adsorption tower A02, produce the fluctuation of nitrogen gas purity when just having switched with further restrain adsorption tower A02;
In addition, residual in the bed when switching part nitrogen arranged because of adsorbent bed, even exchange is introduced another adsorption tower with the impure oxygen product of part through two towers, still there is impure nitrogen component in the adsorption tower, needs depending on product oxygen purity index, such as the more highly purified oxygen of needs, can select a cleaning step with residual nitrogen in the displacement bed, open V5C, V5A introduces adsorption bed with product oxygen and once replaces, when displacement gas enters bed, open displacement air bleeding valve V4C, the nitrogen that V4A is not high with purity excludes system, certainly, if the product nitrogen gas purity requirement is not high, as long as within the tolerance interval of nitrogen product gas purity index request, can will should collect as product nitrogen gas through V3A as gas product by displacement eliminating gas, wherein, V5C, V4C is the control valve that can control the purge flow amount, and XYQ01 then is the optional but non-essential silencing means that reduces discharge noise when effluxing as displacement gas.
After above-mentioned measure, the oxygen of adsorption tower A01 absorption has obtained abundant regeneration through extracting thoroughly, enters and prepares next sorption cycle.
By the method for above-mentioned circulation, same, adsorption tower A01, A02 circulation aerogenesis, thereby continuous production high-purity oxygen and high-purity nitrogen.
As an optional method, from product surge tank P1, oxygen and the nitrogen of P2 output, selectablely be pressurized to the pressure of required any needs with various boosting methods, one in applied environment that aircraft is combined, preferably the Pneumatic booster with compressed air-driven meets the demands, at this moment, compressed air can from the compressed air of aircraft engine compressor, environmental control system or other bleed ports, typically, be selected 5～50 bar driving pressures;
Among Fig. 2, the 1st, draw from the aircraft engine compressor, the compressed air of environmental control system or other bleed ports, it is the raw air source, the 2nd, optional preliminary treatment, decompressor etc., the 3rd, the adsorption separation unit of foregoing description comprises switch valve and pipeline etc., the 4th, preferred compression/vacuum equipment with pneumatic actuation, the oxygen that produces is exported through choke valve V02 from preferred but non-essential oxygen surge tank P2, the nitrogen that produces is exported through choke valve V01 from preferred but non-essential nitrogen buffer tank P1, if need displacement, the waste gas that displacement produces then is rejected to atmosphere from XYQ01, same, product oxygen and nitrogen can select to be pressurized to various boosting methods the pressure of required any needs, this example in applied environment that aircraft is combined, preferably the Pneumatic booster with compressed air-driven meets the demands, and compressed air can be from the aircraft engine compressor, the compressed air of environmental control system or other bleed ports;
In a typical airborne OBOGS/OBIGGS associating oxygen supply, nitrogen supply system embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 unite oxygen processed, nitrogen gas generating system gas principle processed, general air supply method and the OBOGS of other type, OBIGGS is the same, airborne gas processed system general all with air accumulator (gas cylinder or storage capsule) in conjunction with oxygen supply, for nitrogen, when needs oxygen supply, confession nitrogen:
Oxygen cylinder group or storage capsule at first ensure oxygen supply and start immediately oxygen generator, and the two-way oxygen source guarantees that aircrew's breathing or other use the oxygen requirement;
Nitrogen cylinder group or storage capsule guarantee that large flow for the nitrogen demand, continues to keep the inerting demand with nitrogen gas generator two-way nitrogenous source;
Raw air can bleed in aircraft engine compressor (or environmental control system), through simple preliminary treatment, constant current constant voltage, enter absorber, rare earth zeolite oxygen absorbent has been installed in the absorber, the oxygen of producing can directly export air feed or supercharging is supplied gas in conjunction with concentrating with the oxygen cylinder group, the nitrogen of producing also can directly be exported air feed or supercharging and supplies gas in conjunction with concentrating with the nitrogen cylinder group, one with:
Oxygen, OEA, purity 〉=99.5%, flow 〉=1～2 L/min
Nitrogen, NEA, purity 〉=99.99%, flow 〉=1.5 Nm
3/ h, design object be the OBOGS of example, in OBIGGS associating oxygen supply, the nitrogen supply system, separate with unstripped gas demand 〉=2.8 Nm
3/ h﹠3 bar, adsorbing separation device dimension and weight only needs Φ 275 * 350 mm, and～15 kg are much better than existing OBOGS, and OBIGGS unites oxygen processed, nitrogen gas generating system.
The OBOGS/OBIGGS associating oxygen supply of an improvement, nitrogen supply system schematic diagram are as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (7)
1. the method for the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of a pressure-variable adsorption is characterized in that concrete steps are:
Raw air compressed again by pretreatment system except deoil, the dust solid impurity enters piece-rate system after reaching and allow requiring;
(1), air enters the adsorption separation unit that certain adsorbent is housed after above-mentioned preliminary treatment;
(2), adsorption separation unit is comprised of one or more adsorption tower, fluid switch valve and pipelines that adsorbent is housed, after air enters some adsorption towers of adsorption separation unit, airborne oxygen is that strong absorbed component is adsorbed the agent preferential adsorption, and nitrogen is that weak absorbed component is then passed this adsorption tower enrichment and become the first gas product and be collected and be output as the first gas product;
(3), when the approaching absorption of the adsorbent in this adsorption tower is saturated, unstripped gas stops to enter this adsorption tower, the adsorption tower that this absorption is saturated and other adsorption tower carry out one or many and exchange to reclaim necessary component, behind the energy, unstripped gas switches to the adsorption tower that it is good that another has been regenerated and continues absorption product nitrogen, this adsorbed saturated adsorption tower then after exchange the requirement according to the product oxygen purity optionally use the gas product of having exported, namely has more highly purified strong absorbed component, adsorb saturated bed by the inlet end purging and displaced weak absorbed component remaining in the bed, to discharge strong absorbed component by reducing the pressure adsorbent, be output as the second gas product to vacuumize the oxygen of adsorbent bed interior absorption taken out to collect as the second gas product, meanwhile, adsorbent obtains regeneration because of the desorb of bed decompression oxygen;
(4), after this adsorption bed is complete because of decompression releasing oxygen adsorbent so desorb, with gas purging and the pressurising of weak absorbed component, prepare to enter next circulation absorption gas generation process;
(5), the mode with circulation repeats above step;
In the said process, oxygen product purity surpasses 97%, and nitrogen product purity surpasses 99.99%;
The percentage of described gas is percent by volume;
Described strong absorbed component and weak absorbed component, as adopting oxygen absorbent, then oxygen namely is strong absorbed component, and nitrogen then is weak absorbed component, and weak absorbed component is relatively strong absorbed component;
Described adsorption tower has referred to load the container of at least a adsorbent, and adsorbent has stronger adsorption capacity to the component of easily adsorbing in the mist;
Described adsorbent is the modified RE X-type zeolite of adsorbable oxygen, and this adsorbent is adsorption of oxygen under the normal-temperature operation condition, operates desorb under the lower pressure under the elevated pressures.
2. the method for the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of pressure-variable adsorption according to claim 1, it is characterized in that from adsorbing the weak absorbed component that saturated bed displaces be a kind of rich nitrogen, exclude system or reclaim as the first product gas depending on the requirement of final products nitrogen gas purity, perhaps reclaim and boost and reuse in order to pilot process subsequently as intermediate gas is temporary transient.
3. the method for the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of pressure-variable adsorption according to claim 1 is characterized in that using the strong absorbed component oxygen of high-purity to be purged by inlet end and has adsorbed that process that saturated bed displaces weak absorbed component nitrogen remaining in the bed is not optionally carried out or the carrying out of amount seldom.
4. the method for the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of pressure-variable adsorption according to claim 1 is characterized in that the vacuum equipment that adsorbent oxygen is taken out adopts the compressed air of obtaining under the flight attitude for driving the Pneumatic vacuum equipment of power; Simultaneously, if the oxygen of required more high pressure, nitrogen, the same compressed air of obtaining under the flight attitude that adopts is for driving the Pneumatic booster equipment of power, this Pneumatic booster equipment can be compressed to low-pressure gas more than 150 bar, and optionally is filled with in the gas cylinder that carries at random oxygen, nitrogen for subsequent use.
5. the method for the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of pressure-variable adsorption according to claim 1 is characterized in that the negative pressure desorption pressures is-10 KPa～-90 KPa, carries out the regeneration of adsorbent and obtains product oxygen.
6. the device of the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of the pressure-variable adsorption of the method for an oxygen nitrogen combined separation that adopts pressure-variable adsorption claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that by consisting of such as lower member:
(1), two or more adsorption towers that are filled with adsorbent;
(2), at least one cover is optionally to each adsorption tower supply raw materials pipeline and the switch valve of gas;
(3), at least one cover optionally takes out pipeline and the switch valve of gas product from each adsorption tower;
(4), carry out gas component between adsorption tower and the adsorption tower and energy reclaims pipeline and the switch valve of exchange, be transported to the another one adsorption tower in order to the gas after absorption in the adsorption tower is saturated;
(5), oxygen and nitrogen product gas surge tank, be connected to oxygen delivery valve and nitrogen delivery valve;
(6), a cover oxygen product gas is connected to cleaning pipeline and the by-pass valve control of the feed end of each adsorption tower;
When (7), a cover oxygen product gas is connected to the cleaning of feed end of each adsorption tower from pipeline and the by-pass valve control of discharge end discharging;
(8), a cover nitrogen product is to cleaning pipeline and the by-pass valve control of each adsorption tower discharge end.
7. the device of the oxygen nitrogen combined separation of pressure-variable adsorption according to claim 6 characterized by further comprising civilian or military airborne oxygen processed, the nitrogen gas generating system of uniting of a cover, and this system comprises at least:
(A) separative element of the method for cover separation as claimed in claim 1;
(B) at least one cover is from encircling control or engine compressor or other bleed ports pipeline and filtration pretreatment unit to separative element;
(C) cover is with the Pneumatic vacuum device of the enhancing adsorbent desorb of adsorbent oxygen taking-up, the compressed air that its driving force is introduced from ring control or engine compressor or other bleed ports under the flight attitude;
(D) cover continues to be pressurized to the more pneumatic compression device of high pressure with product oxygen and nitrogen, the compressed air that its driving force is introduced from ring control or engine compressor or other bleed ports under the flight attitude.
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