CN102085096B - Injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device - Google Patents

Injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device Download PDF

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CN102085096B
CN102085096B CN 201010585231 CN201010585231A CN102085096B CN 102085096 B CN102085096 B CN 102085096B CN 201010585231 CN201010585231 CN 201010585231 CN 201010585231 A CN201010585231 A CN 201010585231A CN 102085096 B CN102085096 B CN 102085096B
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injection current
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CN102085096A (en
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刘志朋
殷涛
张顺起
李颖
靳静娜
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Institute of Biomedical Engineering of CAMS and PUMC
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of acquisition of electrical characteristic information for biological tissues. The invention provides an injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device, which provides conditions for developing experiments for injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging. The technical scheme is that: the injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device comprises a center control unit, an exciting unit, a stable and constant magnetic field unit, a medium phantom, a motor drive scanning unit, a detection processing unit and a data storage and display unit, wherein the center control unit is connected with other units so as to supply synchronizing and control signals to other units; the exciting unit is used for generating any wave form exciting pulse signals for the medium phantom; the stable and constant magnetic field unit is used for supplying stable and constant magnetic fields to a medium unit; acoustic signals generated by the medium phantom are scanned, received and converted into electrical signals by using the motor drive scanning unit to drive a sensor; and the electrical signals are processed by the detection processing unit and are stored and displayed by the data storage and display unit. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device is mainly applied to the acquisition of the electrical characteristic information for the biological tissues.

Description

Current injection type magneto-acoustic coupling imaging device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological tissue electrical characteristic information acquisition, in particular to an injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device.
Background
The biological tissue electrical characteristic information is helpful for understanding tissue electrophysiological characteristics, thereby providing a basis for early diagnosis of diseases. Because the imaging spatial resolution of the electrical impedance technology is not high, the magnetoacoustic coupling imaging overcomes the defects, and has the advantages of high contrast of functional parameters of electrical impedance imaging and high spatial resolution of ultrasonic imaging.
The magnetoacoustic coupling imaging is classified into a current injection type and an induction type according to the excitation mode. Due to the inductive magneto-acoustic coupling, the induced current generated by the magnetic field coupling is used for excitation, and the imaging detector is easily interfered by the magnetic field, so that the detection of the signal is greatly influenced. The injection type magneto-acoustic coupling avoids energy conversion through a magnetic field, thereby avoiding the interference of the magnetic field on the detector,
a plurality of research institutions at home and abroad develop research on the method. However, the current research is mainly in the theoretical model and simulation stage, the current experiment only remains in the simpler research of the bioelectrical nerve current detection, and the imaging experiment performed by using the principle is not deeply developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device, which provides conditions for the experiment development of injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging, thereby laying a foundation for the theoretical research and the more intensive research of the experiment of the method and the future medical clinical application. The central control unit is connected with other units to provide synchronization and control signals of other units; the excitation unit generates an arbitrary waveform excitation pulse signal to a measured organism; the steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field for the medium unit; the acoustic signal generated by the tested organism is scanned, received and converted into an electric signal by the motor-driven scanning unit driving the sensor; the electric signal is processed by the detection processing unit and is stored and displayed by the data storage and display unit.
The central control unit comprises a computer, a GPIB interface and a LabVIEW virtual instrument operating platform, is connected with other units through the GPIB interface, and provides synchronization and control signals of other units.
The excitation unit consists of a function generator and a power amplifier and is used for providing an excitation pulse signal with any waveform.
The steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field and comprises an electromagnet, a direct current power supply, a magnetic field sensor and a magnetic field testing device.
The measured biological medium is connected with the excitation unit through electrodes to realize excitation.
The motor drive scanning unit realizes the scanning of the sensor to the experimental imitation body and consists of a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor.
The detection processing unit receives acoustic signals generated by the stimulated biological medium to be detected, performs amplification and filtering processing, performs synchronous trigger signal acquisition by a data acquisition card, performs processing by using a data processing module, and finally forms output.
The data storage and display unit completes data storage and display under the drive of the synchronous signal, and the data storage and display unit consists of a disk array and an oscilloscope.
The invention has the following technical effects: because the invention adopts the structure of the central control unit, the exciting unit, the steady magnetic field unit, the motor driving scanning unit, the detection processing unit and the data storage and display unit, the invention can realize the application of current stimulation to the measured object, measure the sound wave signal generated by the measured object and form image display; in addition, the invention also has the characteristic of accurate and reliable test.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an excitation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a steady magnetic field unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a motor driven scanning unit of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a biological medium under test of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a detection processing unit of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a data storage and display unit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a system operation of the present invention.
Wherein,
1: central control unit
2: excitation unit
3: steady magnetic field unit
4: measured biological medium
5: motor-driven scanning unit
6: detection processing unit
7: data storage display unit
8: function generator
9: power amplifier
10: electromagnet
11: DC power supply
12: magnetic field sensor
13: magnetic field testing device
14: electrode for electrochemical cell
15: stepping motor driver
16: stepping motor
17: acoustic sensor
18: low noise amplifier
19: filter with a filter element having a plurality of filter elements
20: data acquisition card
21: data processing module
22: magnetic disk array
23: an oscilloscope.
Detailed Description
An injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging apparatus comprising: the device comprises a central control unit, an excitation unit, a constant magnetic field unit, a motor drive scanning unit, a detection processing unit and a data storage and display unit.
The central control unit is realized by a computer, a GPIB interface and a LabVIEW virtual instrument operating platform. The central control unit is connected with each subunit through a GPIB interface, and provides synchronization and control signals of other units.
The excitation unit provides an excitation pulse signal of an arbitrary waveform. The excitation unit consists of a function generator and a power amplifier. In the experiment, the pulse waveform of the excitation unit is selected or programmed to generate sine pulses, rectangular pulses, Gaussian pulses or other arbitrary waveforms, the pulse width is pulses with the level of mu s-ms so as to achieve the resolution of cm level, and the output voltage range is 100 mV-100V.
The steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field and comprises an electromagnet, a direct current power supply, a magnetic field sensor and a magnetic field testing device. The steady magnetic field unit is used for providing a static magnetic field of a magnetoacoustic coupling effect. The magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field generated by the steady magnetic field unit is 1mT-1T, and the real-time detection can be realized.
The biological medium to be tested may be selected for experimental purposes.
The measured biological medium is connected with the excitation unit through electrodes to realize excitation.
The motor drive scanning unit realizes the scanning of the sensor to the experimental imitation body and consists of a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor. The scanning step angle is 1.8 °, and the scanning range is 360 °.
The detection processing unit receives acoustic signals generated by the stimulated biological medium to be detected, performs amplification and filtering processing, performs synchronous trigger acquisition on the signals by the data acquisition card, and performs processing by the data processing module to finally form output. The detection processing unit consists of an acoustic sensor, a low noise amplifier filter, a data acquisition card and a data processing module. The detection precision of the detection processing unit reaches 10-3Pa magnitude, and the bandwidth is 1 MHz.
The data storage and display unit completes the storage and display of data under the driving of the synchronous signal. The data storage and display unit consists of a disk array and an oscilloscope. The storage capacity of the storage display unit can reach 1 TB.
The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging experiment system has the specific working process as follows:
when the system works, the central control unit communicates with each subunit through the GPIB interface and sends commands to other subunits,
1. each subunit is started.
2. And the central control unit sets parameters of all the subunits.
3. The excitation unit outputs an excitation signal, the excitation signal is injected into a measured biological medium through the electrode, and the acoustic signal can be excited and generated under the condition that the steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field.
4. The detection processing unit receives the signal.
5. The detection processing unit performs detection processing on the signals, including amplification filtering and the like.
6. The data storage and display unit stores data and displays the data in real time.
7. If the scanning is not finished, the motor drives the scanning unit to drive the stepping motor to move for a certain angle, and the working steps of 3-6 are repeated; and if the scanning is finished, finishing the work of the whole system.
In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 6, the basic principle of the magnetoacoustic coupling imaging is that, for a dielectric phantom placed in a steady magnetic field, a current is injected into the dielectric phantom through an electrode, the current is subjected to the action of lorentz force to generate instantaneous displacement, and acoustic vibration is formed, and the frequency of the vibration is the same as the frequency of the injected current. At the moment, the acoustic wave response can be detected by using the acoustic wave transducer outside the dielectric imitation, and an image of the electrical property (such as conductivity) distribution of the dielectric discharge can be reconstructed by combining a corresponding image reconstruction algorithm. The imaging method of magnetoacoustic coupling aims at obtaining the information of the electrical characteristics in the biological tissue so as to realize early functional diagnosis.
According to the theory of electromagnetism, Lorentz force acts on the inside of the medium,
dF=Idl×B
where l is the length unit, F is the Lorentz force, B is the static magnetic field, and I is the current injected into the dielectric mimetic.
According to the law of ohms,
I=U/R
when the voltage provided by the exciting unit is constant, the current density distribution in the medium imitation body is related to the medium parameter.
Meanwhile, the electromagnetic and acoustic theories show that the sound pressure is closely related to the electric parameters of a stable and constant magnetic field, the current density in the medium and the imitation of the medium
<math> <mrow> <msup> <mo>&dtri;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>p</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msubsup> <mi>c</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mfrac> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mo>&PartialD;</mo> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>&PartialD;</mo> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mfrac> <mo>=</mo> <mo>&dtri;</mo> <mo>&CenterDot;</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mo>&times;</mo> <mi>B</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>
Wherein,
Figure BDA0000037924290000042
is the propagation speed of ultrasound in a dielectric phantom, rho0Is the density of the medium, betasThe coefficient of adiabatic compression, p the sound pressure, J the current density and B the steady magnetic field.
In summary, it can be deduced that, given a constant magnetic field and an excitation voltage, for a dielectric phantom with a determined conductivity parameter distribution, the sound pressure level is related to the conductivity, i.e. the intensity of the vibration sound source is greater at the interface of the conductivity change in the dielectric. The change curve of the ultrasonic pulse signal detected by the transducer outside the medium imitation along with the time reflects the change of the conductivity inside the medium along the propagation direction. Thus, the position of the conductivity interface along the propagation direction can be obtained by the acoustic signal detected by the transducer located outside the phantom in the medium.
An injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging experiment system comprises a central control unit, an excitation unit, a constant magnetic field unit, a medium imitation body, a motor drive scanning unit, a detection processing unit and a data storage and display unit.
The central control unit is realized by a computer, a GPIB interface and a LabVIEW virtual instrument operating platform. The central control unit is connected with each subunit through a GPIB interface, and provides synchronization and control signals of other units.
The excitation unit consists of a function generator and a power amplifier, wherein the model of the function generator is Tak AFG3252, and the model of the power amplifier is HSA 4104. The excitation unit provides current pulse signals with arbitrary waveforms.
And the central control unit is used for carrying out parameter setting and output control on the function generator and the power amplifier. The output voltage signal forms an injection current in the imitation body medium through the electrode,
it has been shown that the imaging resolution of MAT-MI is related to the pulse width and is proportional to the product of the sound velocity and the pulse width, and in order to obtain a tissue conductivity distribution image with higher resolution, the excitation signal of the pulsed magnetic field should ideally adopt a waveform with a large change rate and a narrow pulse width. Considering imaging an object of size Δ l in a medium, such as a tumor in tissue, two signal pulses before and after the boundary of the imaged object are detected by a transducer, as shown in fig. 2, with an interval Δ t, there
Δl=cs·Δt
In order to achieve millimeter-scale imaging resolution, the pulse width of the pulse signal output by the excitation unit should be smaller than 1 μ s. The excitation pulse may alternatively use a sinusoidal pulse or a rectangular pulse.
The steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field and comprises an electromagnet, a direct current power supply, a magnetic field sensor and a magnetic field testing device. The electromagnetic type is Inp ordinary SBV-380, the maximum magnetic induction intensity of 2.4T can be achieved, the direct-current power supply type of the electromagnet is Agilent-6684A, the magnetic field sensor type is Lakeshore HMNT-4E04-VR, and the magnetic field testing device type is Lakeshore 460.
The steady magnetic field unit is used for providing a static magnetic field of a magnetoacoustic coupling effect. The central control unit controls the direct current power supply and controls the magnetic field testing device, and the magnetic field sensor measures the magnetic induction intensity.
The measured biological medium can be designed according to the experimental purpose. Experiments can be performed using animal tissue such as pork, or agar blocks with a certain proportion of salt added, or metal blocks such as copper blocks.
The measured biological medium is connected with the excitation unit through electrodes to realize excitation. The electrode is realized by a copper metal wire or an aluminum metal wire with the wire diameter of 0.5mm-1 mm.
The motor drive scanning unit consists of a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor. When the system works, the stepping motor is driven by the stepping motor driver to rotate by a specific angle, for example, 1.8 degrees for scanning, and the scanning range is 360 degrees. And simultaneously with the scanning, under the excitation of the excitation unit, the acoustic signal generated by the tested biological medium is received by the detection processing unit. The model of the stepping motor is NI-NEMA23, and the model of the driver is P70530.
The detection processing unit consists of an acoustic sensor, a low noise amplifier filter, a data acquisition card and a data processing module.
The detection processing unit receives acoustic signals generated by the stimulated biological medium to be detected, performs amplification and filtering processing, performs synchronous trigger acquisition on the signals by the data acquisition card, and performs processing by the data processing module to finally form output. The model of the acoustic sensor is Olympus V303, the model of the low noise amplifier is NF-SA230F5, the model of the filter is NF 3628, and the model of the data acquisition card is NI PXIe-5122. The data processing module can adopt an average superposition algorithm to carry out more than 1000 times of superposition average calculation.
The data storage and display unit consists of a disk array and an oscilloscope. The data storage and display unit completes the storage and display of data under the driving of the synchronous signal. The disk array model was NI-8262 and the oscilloscope model was Tak TDS 2012B.
In summary, the injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging experiment system has the following specific working process, which is shown in fig. 9:
when the system works, the central control unit communicates with each subunit through the GPIB interface and sends commands to other subunits,
1. each subunit is started.
2. And the central control unit sets parameters of all the subunits.
3. The excitation unit outputs excitation, the excitation is injected into the medium imitation body through the electrode, and the acoustic signal can be excited and generated under the condition that the steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field.
4. The detection processing unit receives the signal.
5. The detection processing unit performs detection processing on the signals, including amplification filtering and the like.
6. The data storage and display unit stores data and displays the data in real time.
7. If the scanning is not finished, the motor drives the scanning unit to drive the stepping motor to move for a certain angle, and the working steps of 3-6 are repeated; and if the scanning is finished, finishing the work of the whole system.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely illustrative and not restrictive. The central control unit in the invention can also be completed by using a singlechip or a digital processing system. The display storage unit can also be composed of a liquid crystal display and a solid state disk. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure, may effect numerous modifications thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow.

Claims (8)

1. An injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device, comprising: the central control unit is connected with other units to provide synchronization and control signals of other units; the exciting unit generates an arbitrary waveform exciting pulse signal to the medium unit; the steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field for the medium unit; the sound signal generated by the medium unit is scanned, received and converted into an electric signal by the motor driving scanning unit driving sensor; the electric signal is processed by the detection processing unit and is stored and displayed by the data storage and display unit.
2. The injected current type magnetoacoustic coupled imaging device of claim 1, wherein the central control unit comprises a computer, a GPIB interface, and a LabVIEW virtual instrument operating platform, the central control unit is connected to other units through the GPIB interface, and the central control unit provides synchronization and control signals for the other units.
3. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excitation unit is composed of a function generator and a power amplifier for providing an excitation pulse signal of arbitrary waveform.
4. The injected current type magnetoacoustic coupled imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the steady magnetic field unit provides a steady magnetic field, and comprises an electromagnet, a dc power supply, a magnetic field sensor, and a magnetic field testing device.
5. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric unit is connected to the excitation unit via electrodes to realize excitation.
6. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupling imaging device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor driven scanning unit is composed of a stepping motor driver and a stepping motor, and the motor driven scanning unit is used for scanning the medium unit by the sensor.
7. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupled imaging device of claim 1, wherein the detection processing unit receives the acoustic signal generated by the excited medium unit, performs amplification and filtering processing, performs synchronous triggering signal acquisition by a data acquisition card, performs processing by a data processing module, and finally forms an output, and the detection processing unit comprises an acoustic sensor, a low noise amplifier, a filter, and a data acquisition card.
8. The injection current type magnetoacoustic coupled imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the data storage and display unit is driven by a synchronization signal to complete data storage and display, and the data storage and display unit comprises a disk array and an oscilloscope.
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