CN102084271B - Absolute elemental concentrations from nuclear spectroscopy - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V5/00—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity
- G01V5/04—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V5/08—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
- G01V5/10—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources
- G01V5/101—Prospecting or detecting by the use of ionising radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources and detecting the secondary Y-rays produced in the surrounding layers of the bore hole
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a system and method for estimating absolute elemental concentrations of a subterranean formation from neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy. In one example, a system (10) for estimating an absolute yield of an element in a subterranean formation may include a downhole tool (12) and data processing circuitry (14). The downhole tool may include a neutron source (18) to emit neutrons into the formation, a neutron monitor (20) to detect a count rate of the emitted neutrons, and a gamma-ray detector (26,28) to obtain gamma-ray spectra deriving at least in part from inelastic gamma- rays produced by inelastic scattering events and neutron capture gamma-rays produced by neutron capture events. The data processing circuitry may be configured to determine a relative elemental yield from the gamma-ray spectra and to determine an absolute elemental yield based at least in part on a normalization of the relative elemental yield to the count rate of the emitted neutrons.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure relates in general to neutron induction gamma rays spectroscopy, and relates more specifically to be determined by neutron induction gamma rays spectroscopy the technology of absolute element concentration.
Background technology
Use the core subsurface tool, can use the various technology concentration of element of sub-surface definitely.Can use from the information indirect of the density that is scattered in the gamma rays in the stratum and photoelectric effect (PEF) measured value and determine formation lithology.Can be by detecting neutron induction gamma rays direct-detection stratum element.When neutron ejection is in the stratum, can produce neutron induction gamma rays when neutron source, described neutron can pass through inelastic scattering, high-energy nuclear reaction or neutron death and stratum element interaction.
The gamma rays of emission can have characteristic energy in inelastic scattering nuclear transformation (event) (" inelastic gamma rays ") or neutron death nuclear transformation (" neutron capture gamma ray "), and described characteristic energy can be identified based on various spectroscopy technology the concrete isotope of the gamma rays of launching.Relating to technology that inelastic spectra explains can be based on the ratio of the elemental yield of the inelastic gamma rays that is attributable to various characteristic energies.Be noted that in most of the cases the quantity of having used the gamma rays that detects due to carbon and the ratio (" C/O ratio ") of the quantity of the gamma ray that detects due to oxygen estimates the stratum oil saturation.Use the advantage of ratio to be that some instruments affect (for example, variable neutron output and a plurality of environmental impact) and will cancel each other.Use the shortcoming of ratio to be usually more to be difficult to explain.For the simple scenario of the oil saturation of estimation in water-filled well, C/O is than owing to being attributable to may to become complicated from the gamma rays of the oxygen of wellbore fluids and cement annular space, and all gamma rayss that are attributable to carbon will derive from the stratum.
The similar techniques that relates to the neutron death spectroscopy can relate to collection and analyze neutron gamma energy spectrum.The element that is usually included in the neutron death power spectrum can comprise Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd, H, Cl and other element, and sometimes comprises Al, Na, Mg, Mn, Ni and other is a small amount of or micro-.Yet the concentration of element that uses this technology to determine can also only roughly be identified the relative concentration of stratum element, unless the absolute concentration of stratum element has been known or has correctly been estimated.
The oxides closure normalized value that may relate to the spectroscopy log data for some other technology of the absolute element concentration of estimating the stratum perhaps may and have the additional spectroscopy log data of activation and/or natural gamma ray measured value.Yet closed normalized value may depend on that this may change according to the precise combination of stratum element to not measuring the accurate association (association) of element.In addition, closed normalized value may depend on that use may affect all elements of power spectrum (except K and Al), and some in described element can accurately be determined by quilt the same as other element.The use of activation and/or natural gamma ray measured value also may have multiple shortcoming.For example, this measured value may need the well logger of high complexity and long Measuring Time usually.
Summary of the invention
Below explanation with the embodiment of original opinion at some aspects corresponding aspect protection domain.It should be understood that these aspects only provide the brief overview of some forms that embodiment can take for the reader, and these aspects are not intended to limit the protection domain of embodiment.On the contrary, embodiment can comprise the following not various aspects of explanation.
Embodiments of the invention relate in general to a kind of system and method for the absolute element concentration for using neutron induction energy spectroscopy estimation subsurface formations.For example, the system of absolute yield that is used for the element of estimation subsurface formations can comprise subsurface tool and data processing circuit.Subsurface tool can comprise: neutron source is used for neutron ejection to subsurface formations; Neutron monitor is for detection of the counting rate of the neutron of launching; And gamma ray detectors, be used for obtaining the gamma rays power spectrum, described gamma rays power spectrum is obtained by inelastic gamma rays and neutron capture gamma ray at least in part, described inelastic gamma rays is produced by described inelastic scattering nuclear transformation, and described neutron capture gamma ray is produced by described neutron death nuclear transformation.Data processing circuit is configured to: determine relative elemental yield by described gamma rays power spectrum; Determine the absolute element yield according to relative elemental yield with respect to the normalized value of the counting rate of the neutron of launching at least in part.
Description of drawings
Advantage of the present disclosure learning following detailed description and can become clearly visible during with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 according to an embodiment, comprise the schematic block diagram for the system of the subsurface tool of measuring absolute element concentration according to the energy spectrum analysis of neutron induction gamma rays and data processing circuit;
Fig. 2 is according to the schematic block diagram of the logging operation of the subsurface tool of an embodiment, use Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is used for determining according to neutron induction gamma rays measured value the process flow diagram of embodiment of method of the absolute element yield on stratum according to an embodiment, explanation;
Fig. 4 is used for determining according to neutron induction gamma rays measured value the process flow diagram of embodiment of method of the part absolute element yield of stratum and well according to an embodiment, explanation;
Fig. 5 is used for determining according to the absolute element yield of determining the process flow diagram of the embodiment of absolute element concentration according to a kind of embodiment, explanation; With
Fig. 6 be used for to use the process flow diagram of embodiment of the method for oxides closure technology and relative yield checking absolute element concentration according to an embodiment, explanation.
Embodiment
One or more specific embodiments are described below.In making great efforts to provide the concise description of these embodiment, not that all features of actual embodiment all are described in instructions.What should be familiar with is in the development of any this actual embodiment, as in any engineering or design item, must carry out a plurality of embodiments (concrete judgement) to realize developer's specific objective, the dirigibility that for example has System Dependent and business related constraint, described dirigibility are different between a kind of embodiment and another embodiment.In addition, what should be familiar with is that this R﹠D work may be complicated and consuming time, yet is but the sequencing task of a design, manufacturing and production concerning having benefited from those of ordinary skill of the present disclosure.
The embodiment of present disclosed theme relates in general to the system and method for neutron induction gamma rays spectroscopy.Particularly, present disclosed theme relates to for the technology of the absolute element concentration of sub-surface definitely.These technology can relate to by utilizing the neutron bombardment subsurface formations generation inelastic scattering nuclear transformation and neutron death nuclear transformation in the stratum, and this can launch inelastic gamma rays and neutron capture gamma ray.Inelastic gamma rays and neutron capture gamma ray can have the power spectrum that characterizes from the element of its acquisition inelastic gamma rays and neutron capture gamma ray.
Can monitor the quantity of the neutron of launching, perhaps otherwise know the quantity of the neutron of launching, and can measure the gamma rays frequency spectrum of generation, and the gamma rays frequency spectrum mark of exporting described generation with respect to the neutron that monitors carries out normalization.The estimated value that it has been determined that absolute element concentration can be obtained by absolute gamma rays spectroscopy elemental yield, this can be known as gamma rays spectroscopy yield, described gamma rays spectroscopy yield by monitor or the output of known neutron and various environmental correction value by normalization so that stratum and/or well character to be described.As used herein, term " absolute yield " does not represent that carrying out the gamma rays spectroscopy with respect to the known formation element measures.On the contrary, according to technology as described below, can not need the direct measurement of other element to obtain the experience crack closure.
Consider above-mentionedly, Fig. 1 show to be used for the system 10 of the absolute element concentration of sub-surface definitely, and described system comprises subsurface tool 12 and data handling system 14.In the mode of example, subsurface tool 12 can be that perhaps subsurface tool 12 can be arranged on the bottom-hole assembly for well logging while drilling (LWD) for the piano wire that existing well is logged well or wireline logging instrument.Data handling system 14 can be encased in subsurface tool 12 maybe can be positioned at distant location.Subsurface tool 12 can be surrounded by housing 16.
Subsurface tool 12 can comprise and is configured to the neutron source 18 in the subsurface formations with neutron ejection.Only in the mode of example, neutron source 18 can be the Minitron such as Schlumberger technology company
TMElectronics neutron source, this neutron source can produce neutron pulse by d-D and/or d-T reaction.In addition or alternatively, neutron source 18 can be such as AmBe or
252The radioactive source of Cf.
The neutron output of neutron source 18 can be known by using various technology.For example, if neutron source 18 comprises radioactive source, the absolute output of neutron source 18 can be definite by calibrating.In addition, because radioactive source can follow known exponential decay law and can have the known half life period, so the variation of neutron source 18 activity of the function that the absolute output of neutron source 18 can be by calculating the time that begins as self calibration is determined.
If neutron source 18 comprises the electronics neutron generator, the given instantaneous output of neutron source 18 can be depended on a plurality of parameters that the generation of controlling neutron and the neutron of therefore controlling neutron source 18 are exported.Wherein, these parameters can be included in ion beam current, the acceleration high pressure that is applied to described pipe and the ionogenic operation of supply in the neutron generator pipe.Yet, even all these parameters by minute adjustment, also may not be guaranteed the output of constant neutron, because because the neutron generator operating characteristic may make neutron output that short-term fluctuation occurs with the variation of temperature in time.In addition, because the aging of generator tube makes the neutron that more long-term variation may further affect neutron source 18 export.
Therefore, in certain embodiments, neutron monitor 20 can be monitored the neutron output from neutron source 18.Neutron monitor 20 can be for example plastic scintillator and photomultiplier cell, this plastic scintillator and photomultiplier cell can mainly detect directly the neutron that is not scattered from neutron source 18, and can provide to from the proportional counting rate signal of the neutron output rating of neutron source 18.As following in further detail as described in, neutron output is no matter be the calibration by neutron source 18 and/or suitable calculating is determined or by determining with neutron monitor 20, described neutron is exported the absolute power spectrum yield that may be used to determine to be attributable to various stratum elements.
Neutron shield part 22 can separate neutron source 18 and range detector in subsurface tool 12.Can comprise that the similar shielding part 24 such as the element of lead prevents that gamma rays from moving between the range detector of subsurface tool 12.Subsurface tool 12 can also comprise one or more gamma ray detectors, and can comprise three or more gamma ray detectors.Subsurface tool 12 shown in Fig. 1 comprises two gamma ray detectors 26 and 28.Can change the relative position of gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 in subsurface tool 12.
One or more neutron detectors 21 can be positioned at other position in subsurface tool 12, and can be as described below for definite various environmental correction factors.Particularly, one or more neutron detectors 21 can be thermal neutron detector, epithermal neutron detector or fast neutron detector, and this detector can allow to measure the correlativity near the thermal neutron flux gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 and/or epithermal neutron flux.This thermal neutron flux and/or epithermal neutron flux can be measured or estimate by one or more neutron detectors 21 of locating away from neutron source 18.
Can be used as data 40 from the signal of neutron monitor 20, neutron detector 21 and gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 and be sent to data handling system 14 and/or can be by the flush bonding processor in subsurface tool 12 processed or anticipate.Data handling system 14 can comprise the multi-purpose computer such as personal computer, and this computing machine is configured to move various softwares, comprises the software of the part of all technology of carrying out present technique or this technology.Alternatively, wherein, data handling system 14 can comprise principal computer, distributed computing system or special purpose computer or the workstation of a part of technology of all technology that the special software that provides according to the part as system and/or hardware implement present technique are provided or this technology.In addition, data handling system 14 can comprise that single processor or a plurality of processor are so that carry out present disclosed function.
Usually, data handling system 14 can comprise data processing circuit 44, and this data processing circuit can be microcontroller or the microprocessor such as the CPU (central processing unit) that can carry out various programs and processing capacity (CPU).For example, data processing circuit 44 can be carried out to be configured to affect some processes and to be stored in and comprise that computer-readable medium (for example, the various operating system instructions and the software program that provide in the product of memory storage (for example random access memory of personal computer (RAM)) or one or more mass storage device (for example, internal HDD or external hard disk driver, solid state storage device, CD-ROM, DVD or other storage device) or by described product.In addition, data processing circuit 44 can be processed the data that comprise data 40 as the input of various programs or software program.
This data that are associated with present technique can be stored in the storer of data handling system 14 or mass storage device or be provided by described storer or mass storage device.Alternatively, this data can offer via one or more input medias the data processing circuit 44 of data handling system 14.In one embodiment, data acquisition 42 can represent a kind of such input media; Yet input media can also comprise the manual input device such as keyboard, mouse or similar device.In addition, input media can comprise such as the network equipment of wired network adapter or wireless network card, wireless network adapter or the various port that is configured to help communicate by any suitable communication network (for example, LAN (Local Area Network) or the Internet) and other device or any in device.By this network equipment, data handling system 14 can be carried out swap data and communicate by letter with other network electronic system, and no matter near this system or away from this system.Network can include the various parts that help communicate by letter.Network can comprise switch, router, server or other computing machine, network adapter, telecommunication cable etc.
Subsurface tool 12 can send to data 40 data acquisition 42 of data handling system 14 by for example telemetry system communication downlink or telecommunication cable.After receive data 40, data acquisition 42 can send to data processing circuit 44 with data 40.According to one or more storage programs, data processing circuit 44 can deal with data 40 with one or more characteristics of the subsurface formations of determining to surround subsurface tool 12.This processing for example can relate to according to absolute one or more technology of the absolute yield of inelastic gamma rays power spectrum yield and/or neutron capture gamma ray energy spectrum yield estimation stratum element.Afterwards, data processing circuit 44 can be exported the report 46 of one or more characteristics of determining of indicating the stratum.Report 46 can be stored in storer and maybe can offer the operator by one or more output units of for example electronic console and/or printer.
Fig. 2 shows the logging operation of neutron induction gamma rays, and this operation comprises subsurface tool 12 is placed into peripherally in sub-surface 50.In operation shown in Figure 2 48, subsurface tool 12 has been run in well 52.When outputing to neutron 54 on every side stratum 50, neutron source 18 can begin logging operation 48.If neutron source 18 emissions are the neutron of about 14.1MeV for example, 14.1MeV neutron can be by the nucleus collision in inelastic scattering nuclear transformation 56 and stratum 50 on every side, this can produce inelastic gamma rays 58, and can make neutron 54 outbursts and off-energy.When becoming epithermal neutron and thermal neutron, this neutron can be absorbed by stratum 50 nucleons in can producing the neutron death nuclear transformation 60 of neutron capture gamma ray 62 when neutron 54 off-energies.If neutron source 18 is only launched the neutron 54 of the energy that is not enough to produce the inelastic scattering nuclear transformation, only neutron death nuclear transformation 60 can occur basically.
Can detect inelastic gamma rays 58 and/or neutron capture gamma ray 62 by gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28.As above tout court as described in, gamma rays 58 and 62 power spectrum can characterize described gamma rays by the element of its acquisition.Therefore, can analyze to determine elemental yield to the power spectrum of gamma rays 58 and/or 62.
Simultaneously, near the neutron monitor 20 neutron source 18 can be measured the absolute neutron output of neutron source 18.Relation between the absolute neutron output of the gamma rays 58 that detects as described further below, and/or 62 power spectrums and neutron source 18 can be indicated the absolute element yield.Yet the Various Complex situation may appear in the environmental impact due to stratum 50 and well 52.For example, gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 may only can detect inelastic gamma rays 58 and/or the neutron capture gamma ray 62 that produces basically in the certain area of each gamma ray detectors 26 of vicinity on stratum 50 or 28.The part (fraction, or mark) of total neutron 54 flux from then on zone is escaped, and the mark of this part neutron may depend on various environmental factors.When less neutron 54 arrives at gamma ray detectors 26 in stratum 50 and/or 28 sensitivities regional, can produce the less gamma rays that detects 58 and/or 62.Moderation length is a factor that may promote this impact.
Similarly, because neutron source 18 and gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 are not positioned the same position place, therefore may proofread and correct the neutron count rate of being measured by one or more neutron detectors 21 for the geometric effect of the variation of the neutron flux in the zone of gamma ray detectors 26 in stratum 50 and/or 28 sensitivities.The mark that can be used for the neutron 54 of estimation loss from the other measured value of other well logger and/or simulation, and the variation of effective solid angle of gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28.A plurality of factors may promote this impact, as described below, can use a plurality of in the described factor of various parameter declarations.
Contingent another complex situations may be the measurements to neutron death gamma rays 62.Particularly, arrive at stratum 50 can by gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 detect volume thermal neutron quantity may (for example, 14.1MeV) the absolute neutron of neutron be output into direct ratio with high-energy.On the contrary, thermal neutron flux may depend on Neutron Transport Theory and the life-span of passing through the thermal neutron on stratum 50 before capturing.Therefore, the mark of the thermal neutron of volume can be detected by gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 from what the other measured value of other well logger and/or simulation can be used for that estimation arrives at stratum 50.But the ∑ measured value on the factor stratum 50 in this calculating, this measured value represents macroscopical thermal-neutron capture cross-section on stratum 50.
Gamma rays 58 and/or 62 decay may also be subjected to the impact of the environment on stratum 50.Because this gamma rays decay can be subject to the impact of the density of earth formations on stratum 50, therefore this measured value can be used for these impacts of explanation.At last, the existence of well 52 also may make the measured value by gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 gamma rayss 58 that obtain and/or 62 become complicated.Can use the environmental impact of the other measured value explanation well 52 of well 52 parameters and/or simulation, described other measured value can comprise the diameter of well 52 and/or ∑ measured value or the estimated value of well 52.
If subsurface tool 12 comprises the neutron detector 21 of contiguous gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28, this neutron detector 21 can be used for measuring thermal neutron flux and/or the epithermal neutron flux that can be associated by the zone that gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 detects with stratum 50 and/or well 52.These measured values can show the environmental characteristic on certain stratum 50, can use technology as described below that described environmental characteristic is proofreaied and correct.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 represent for determined the various embodiment of the method for absolute element yield by the gamma rays power spectrum that detects.Technology shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 represents to relate to the technology of using subsurface tool 12 and/or data handling system 14.At first with reference to Fig. 3, flow process Figure 64 is with step 66 beginning, is lowered into subsurface tool 12 in stratum 50 this moment and the neutron source 18 of subsurface tool 12 is transmitted into neutron 54 on every side in stratum 50.In step 68 (this step can occur simultaneously with step 66), can use near the neutron monitor of neutron source 18 20 to measure the absolute neutron output of neutron sources 18.In addition or alternatively, can export according to the absolute neutron of neutron source 18 calibrations and radioactivity decay model assessment neutron source 18 subsequently.In step 70, gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 can be measured the power spectrum of inelastic gamma rays 58 and/or neutron capture gamma ray 62, when neutron 54 interacts with stratum 50, can produce described inelastic gamma rays and/or neutron capture gamma ray.
Step 71-76 can be broadly directed to treatment step, and this treatment step can occur in the processor in being embedded in subsurface tool 12 and/or data handling system 14.In step 71, the gamma rays power spectrum of measuring can be divided into element contribution or relative elemental yield.In step 72, can carry out normalization to these relative elemental yields from the gamma rays in the power spectrum zone that is attributable to be concerned about with respect to the output of the neutron of neutron source 18, this can produce the absolute element yield that is not corrected on stratum 50.In step 74, can consider that various factors proofreaies and correct with gamma rays 58 that may affecting of stratum 50 and/or well 52 measured and/or the environmental impact of 62 power spectrums.In step 76, according to co-relation, as referring to formula (1), can determine one or more absolute element concentration on stratum 50.Can complete these steps with any order, and can begin by calculated example such as following relation:
A
i=Y
i* TotCR*F (parameter-1, parameter-2 ... .)/nCR (1)
In above formula (1), A
iThe absolute yield that represents each element i.Y
iRepresent relative elemental yield, or owing to the mark of the gamma rays power spectrum that measures of element i.TotCR is illustrated in the interior gross-count rate in zone of using in energy spectrum analysis with the power spectrum that obtains relative yield.Neutron 54 outputs that nCR represents to determine, described definite neutron 54 outputs are by the absolute neutron counting measured value that obtained by neutron monitor 20 and/or obtain by the estimated value that is obtained by calibration or radiation decay varying model.F represents to illustrate the environmental correction factor of well 52 and/or stratum 50 parameters.As mentioned above, wherein, this environmental correction can illustrate Neutron Transport Theory and gamma rays decay.These environmental corrections and parameter below are described in further detail.
In Fig. 4, flow process Figure 78 shows the embodiment for the method for the part absolute yield of the concentration of element of determining stratum 50 and well 52.Flow process Figure 78 is with step 80 beginning, be lowered into subsurface tool 12 in stratum 50 this moment and the neutron source 18 of subsurface tool 12 with neutron ejection in stratum 50 on every side.In step 82 (this step can occur simultaneously with step 80), can use near the neutron monitor of neutron source 18 20 to measure the absolute neutron output of neutron sources 18.In addition or alternatively, can be subsequently according to the absolute neutron output of neutron source calibration or radioactivity decay model assessment neutron source 18.In step 84, gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 can measure inelastic gamma rays 58 and/or and the power spectrum of neutron capture gamma ray 62, can produce described inelastic gamma rays 58 and/or and neutron capture gamma ray 62 when neutron 54 interacts with stratum 50.
Step 85-92 can be broadly directed to treatment step, and this treatment step can occur in the processor in being embedded in subsurface tool 12 and/or data handling system 14.In step 85, the gamma rays power spectrum of measuring can be divided into element contribution or relative elemental yield.In step 86, can carry out normalization to these relative elemental yields from the gamma rays in the power spectrum zone that is attributable to be concerned about with respect to the output of the neutron of neutron source 18, this can produce the absolute element yield that is not corrected on stratum 50.In step 88, can distinguish the relative yield that is attributable to stratum 50 and the relative yield that is attributable to well 52, and in step 90, can consider that various factors proofreaies and correct with gamma rays 58 that may affecting of stratum 50 and/or well 52 measured and/or the environmental impact of 62 power spectrums.In step 92, as referring to formula (2), can determine to be attributable to the absolute environment yield of part and the absolute environment yield of part that is attributable to well 52 on stratum 50.
Particularly, for the element that is present in simultaneously in stratum 50 and well 52, can think the absolute yield A that measures
iThe part absolute yield A in stratum 50
FiWith the part absolute yield A in well 52
BHiSummation.Under this condition, can distinguish between following two kinds of possibilities: have significant energy spectral difference between the part of the part of the gamma rays 58 that is produced by stratum 50 and/or 62 power spectrums and the gamma rays 58 that is produced by well 52 and/or 62 power spectrums; There is no the spendable difference that detects.If the difference between stratum 50 and well 52 exists really, can use this difference with absolute yield A
iBe divided into stratum 50 yield component A
F, iWith well 52 yield component A
BH, iActual embodiment can be used separately any in two kinds of standards, perhaps can use the difference standard between stratum 50 standards and stratum 50 and well 52.In this case, can also decompose separately correction factor F to stratum and well cross section.Can be with any order completing steps 85-92, and can begin step 85-92 by calculated example such as following relation:
A
i＝A
F，i+A
BH，i
=(Y
F, i* F
F(parameter-1, parameter-2 ... .)+Y
BH, i* F
BH(parameter-1, parameter-2 ... .)) * TotCR/nCR
(2)
In above formula (2), A
iThe absolute yield that represents each element i, and A
F, iAnd A
BH, iRepresent respectively the part absolute yield of element i in stratum 50 and well 52.Y
F, iAnd Y
BH, iRepresent respectively the relative elemental yield of stratum 50 or well 52, or be attributable to the mark of the gamma rays power spectrum that measures of the element i of stratum 50 or well 52.TotCR be illustrated in analysis of spectrum use with extract relative yield the zone of power spectrum in gross-count rate.Neutron 54 outputs that nCR represents to determine, described definite neutron 54 outputs are by the absolute neutron counting measured value that obtained by neutron monitor 20 and/or obtain by the estimated value that is obtained by calibration or radiation decay varying model.F
FAnd F
BHExpression illustrates the environmental correction factor of well 52 and stratum 50 parameters respectively.
In above-mentioned two embodiment by Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 and formula (1) and (2) described method, the environmental correction factor (one or more) F can be the function of very complex.The environmental correction factor (one or more) F can be factorized, and can determine correlativity with most parameters by a series of Monte Carlo calculations.The environmental correction factor (one or more) F can also comprise the scale factor of being determined by the calibration of final subsurface tool 12 hardware.In addition or alternatively, can be by determining scale factor from above automatic consistency analysis by formula (1) or the normalized result of (2) described closure.The example of scale factor below is provided.
The parameter that the environmental correction factor (one or more) F adopts (for example, parameter-1 etc.) can be for example by the other parts that are designed to this purpose of subsurface tool 12 or any general physics parameter of measuring by other well logger.In the mode of example, wherein, this general physics parameter can comprise porosity measurement value or estimated value, slowing-down time measured value or estimated value, density measurement or estimated value, stratum or well thermal-neutron capture cross-section measured value or estimated value etc.Can obtain one or more other parameters by not on the same group the physical parameter of usually not reported by well logger, it can not have clear and definite physical interpretation.For example, wherein, this other parameter can comprise the counting rate, original gamma ray detectors 26 of local neutron energy distribution estimated value, the original neutron monitor 20 of the local neutron flux estimated value of contiguous gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28, contiguous gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 and/or 28 counting rate etc.These other parameters can relate to the measured value that use was oriented to and compared near neutron source 18 one or more neutron detectors 21 of more close gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28.
Be applied to one or more in the factor F of neutron capture gamma ray 62 yields can comprise with gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 near the correlativity of thermal neutron flux.A kind of enforcement of this factor F can comprise the mark between near neutron 54 flux of thermal neutron flux and measurement gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28, and it is by one or more neutron detectors 21 measurements and/or estimate according to other stratum 50 measured values.Be applied to one or more in the factor F of inelastic gamma rays 58 yields can comprise with gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 near the correlativity of epithermal neutron flux.Can measure or estimation thermal neutron flux and/or epithermal neutron flux by the one or more neutron monitors 20 away near the neutron monitor neutron source 18, perhaps can be according to other stratum 50 measured value described thermal neutron flux of estimation and/or epithermal neutron flux.
One or more in factor F can comprise with gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 near the correlativity of gamma rays decay.One or more in factor F can comprise the corrections to the variation of the decay of the gamma rays in well logger housing 16, and this variation may cause due to environmental change and/or wearing and tearing.Proofread and correct subsurface tool 12 backgrounds (background) that produced by for example neutron death nuclear transformation 60 one or more can the comprising in factor F, and wherein this neutron death nuclear transformation 60 can occur in the material that consists of subsurface tool 12.One or more estimated values that can comprise near the effective atomic number of the element gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 in factor F, it is by other downhole measurement or use various other stratum 50 modelling techniques to determine.
An example of the formula of correction factor F is described as follows by formula (3).Exemplary correction factor F described in formula (3) can have and total stratum neutron-capture cross section (∑
F), moderation of neutrons length (L
S), volume density (ρ
b), in-hole fluid neutron-capture cross section (∑
B) and hole diameter (D
B) correlativity, and can be represented by following relation:
F＝(∑
F+g
1)*exp(L
S/g
2)*exp(ρ
b/g
3)*exp(D
B/g
4) (3)
G wherein
1And g
2Depend on D
B, g
3Depend on L
S, and g
4Depend on ∑
B
Fig. 5 shows the flow process Figure 96 for the concentration of element that obtains stratum 50.The step of flow process Figure 96 can relate to treatment step basically, and this treatment step can occur in the processor in being embedded in subsurface tool 12 and/or data handling system 14.Particularly, first step 96 can relate to: obtain the absolute yield of element or the fractional yield of element, the absolute yield of described element or fractional yield can be determined according to flow process Figure 64 of Fig. 3 or flow process Figure 78 of Fig. 4.In step 98, the special feature of the element of estimating can be described, and can be with the absolute yield of this feature application to element.Can utilize the severity factor based on element that these features are described, can for example consider cross section, gamma rays diversity, gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 response and/or atomic weight based on the severity factor of element.In step 100, can be by using the various physical propertys of suitable scale factor explanation element, environment and/or well logger.In step 102, according to above-mentioned condition, can obtain the partial density of the element in stratum 50.
As previously discussed, step 96-102 can relate to treatment step, and described treatment step can occur in the processor in being embedded in subsurface tool and/or data handling system 14.Particularly, can be by calculated example such as following formula (4) execution in step 96-102.Partial density for given element i can be described below:
ρ
i＝A
i/S
i*f (4)
S wherein
iBe the sensitivity based on element that cross section, gamma rays diversity, gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 responses and/or atomic weight wherein are described, and f is scale factor.
In the mode of example, scale factor f can be the constant of being determined by first principles computations, and it can be obtained by the physical constant (for example, quality) of element-specific and/or other physical message (for example, volume density) of environment.In addition or alternatively, scale factor f can be drawn by the calibration value to the measured value under certain predetermined condition or known conditions, maybe can comprise from the mark to the calibration value of the measured value under certain predetermined condition or known conditions.In one embodiment, factor f can be the constant of stratum 50 degree of depth.
Do not calculating absolute yield A in order to allow to carry out auxiliary adjustment with compensation
iThe time secondary effect that describes, as mentioned above, scale factor f can be function, rather than constant.The impact that can describe by the scale factor f that adopts as function can comprise and for example is similar to all the other instruments impacts that gamma ray detectors 26 and/or 28 skews and/or resolution descend.What in addition or alternatively, this impact can also comprise coming self-metering raw data is calculating absolute yield A
iThe time before the environmental impact that also do not describe.In the mode of example, produce and also do not have the environmental impact of explanation to describe by adopting the scale factor function f that this impact is described in the factor f of formula (1) or (2) by temperature and/or pressure.
Can use the Partial Elements density that is determined on various technical identifications stratum 50.In one example, as by as described in following relation, the summation ∑ of all the measurable partial densities relevant to stratum 50
i(ρ
F, i) can be less than or equal to the volume density ρ on stratum 50
B, eff:
∑
i(ρ
F，i)≤ρ
b，eff (5)
Usually, because be not all elements that can use commercial measurement described here stratum 50, so the summation ∑ of all measurable partial densities
i(ρ
F, i) will be in most of the cases less than the volume density ρ on stratum 50
B, eff
In by another example shown in flow process Figure 104 of Fig. 6, can use the check-up that relates to relative yield according to absolute yield A
iThe consistance of the concentration of element result of determining.Particularly, in first step 106, as mentioned above, can determine according to the technology that relates to absolute yield the concentration of element on stratum 50.In second step 108, as described below with reference to formula (6) and (7) and/or formula (8), can determine according to the technology that relates to element closure with relative yield or oxides closure the concentration of element on stratum 50.In step 110, can verify concentration of element.In certain embodiments, verification step 110 can relate to and merge the concentration of element of determining according to relative yield and the concentration of element of determining according to absolute yield to obtain the weighted mean of result, and wherein weight can be constant or regulate according to the degree of confidence estimated value.
This technology for oxides closure can be estimated to check as mentioned above according to absolute yield A as second of concentration of element
iThe partial density ρ that calculates
iThe oxides closure process can be utilized the independent measurement value of neutron death spectroscopy data and aluminium (Al) and potassium (K).This model can suppose that stratum 50 elements that detected by the measurement of neutron death spectroscopy can be relevant with oxide or the modal form in the stratum of described element in quantitative mode, and all oxides summation is one.This model is taked the form of following relation:
X
KW
K+X
AlW
Al+F{∑X
i(Y
i/S
i)}＝1 (6)
X wherein
iTo convert element to the oxide of this element or the most common combination (for example, calcium is converted to CaCO usually
3Rather than CaO) the factor, W is the weight fraction of element in the stratum, Y is the relative yield of the element that obtained by capture spectra, and S is based on the capture cross-section of element-specific and well logger to the predetermined measurement sensitivity of the sensitivity of the characteristic radiation of this element.After F was found the solution, the weight fraction of each element can be calculated as:
W
i＝FxY
i/S
i (7)
In addition or alternatively, said method can be used for the power spectrum that produced by inelastic gamma rays 58.Use said method, can use the inelastic spectra yield to measure a plurality of elements.Can use the normalized value with respect to neutron source 18 outputs that these yields are described as the absolute element yield.The element that is similar to Al, Mg, Ca, Si, S may reside in inelastic gamma rays 58 power spectrums and neutron capture gamma ray 62 power spectrums.Use through the absolute yield of environmental correction can with from the result of the result of inelastic gamma rays 58 power spectrums and neutron capture gamma ray 62 power spectrums in conjunction with or use inelastic spectra as independent solution.
To be similar to the absolute power spectrum yield that obtains due to neutron capture gamma ray 62 and the mode of the comparison of relative power spectrum yield, non-resilient absolute yield and the non-resilient relative yield that can relatively obtain due to inelastic gamma rays 58, and in appropriate circumstances, in the weighted mean yield in conjunction with described non-resilient absolute yield and non-resilient relative yield.In addition, for the element that is present in inelastic spectra and capture spectra, the absolute non-resilient yield that obtains due to inelastic gamma rays 58 and the neutron death yield that obtains due to neutron capture gamma ray 62 can be used for improving accuracy and the accuracy of above-mentioned answer.When non-resilient yield can not be subjected to the affecting of thermal-neutron capture cross-section of stratum 50 or well 52, can also be simpler to the environmental correction of non-resilient yield.This makes in the situation that high well 52 salinities and the high neutron-capture cross section that is associated, and non-resilient yield is especially valuable.
In addition or alternatively, can adopt the second closed model checking according to absolute yield A
iThe partial density ρ that calculates
iThis especially can use in the situation that only can obtain neutron death spectroscopy data, U.S. Patent No. 5,471, in 057 " METHOD AND APPARATUS for DETERMINING ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS FOR GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY TOOLS ", this situation has been described, this patent is incorporated in full at this by reference.Except this model was eliminated aluminium (Al) and potassium (K) item, this model can be with identical with (7) described model by above formula (6).In addition, as by as described in following relation, this model modification association factor (X
i) there is no aluminium (Al) and potassium (K) measured value with explanation:
F{∑X
i(Y
i/S
i)}＝1 (8)
Obtain the concentration of element on stratum and use after the oxides closure technology obtains the concentration of element on stratum in the technology that utilization relates to absolute yield, can relative to each other check this two kinds of calculating.Afterwards, the concentration of element of determining according to absolute yield can merge to obtain with the concentration of element of determining according to relative yield and oxides closure the weighted mean of result.These weighted mean can have constant flexible strategy or flexible strategy are regulated in the degree of confidence estimation.Based on relative yield and closed concentration of element with based on the concentration of element of absolute yield relatively can also be for by making two concentration that obtain in known or simple region or unanimously on most of zone in overall measurement zone determining scale factor f.
Although only illustrated and illustrated some features here, those skilled in the art will carry out multiple modification and change.Therefore, should be understood that claims are intended to contain all these classes that fall in practicalness of the present disclosure and revise and change.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is used for responding to by neutron the system that the gamma rays power spectrum is determined absolute element concentration, comprising:
Subsurface tool comprises:
Neutron source, described neutron source be configured to neutron ejection in the subsurface formations to produce inelastic scattering nuclear transformation and neutron death nuclear transformation;
Neutron monitor, described neutron monitor is configured to detect the counting rate of the described neutron of launching; With
Gamma ray detectors, described gamma ray detectors is configured to obtain the gamma rays power spectrum, described gamma rays power spectrum is obtained by inelastic gamma rays and neutron capture gamma ray at least in part, described inelastic gamma rays is produced by described inelastic scattering nuclear transformation, and described neutron capture gamma ray is produced by described neutron death nuclear transformation; With
Data processing circuit, described data processing circuit is configured to:
Determine relative elemental yield by described gamma rays power spectrum;
Determine the absolute element yield according to described relative elemental yield with respect to the normalized value of the counting rate of the described neutron of launching at least in part; With
Multiply by in described gamma rays power spectrum according to described relative elemental yield at least in part and determine described absolute element yield for the total gamma ray counts in the zone that obtains described relative yield divided by the business's of the counting rate of the described neutron of launching product.
2. system according to claim 1, wherein, described data processing circuit is configured to determine described absolute element yield according to the environmental correction factor at least in part, and the described environmental correction factor illustrates the environmental impact to the combination in any of described neutron, described inelastic gamma rays and the described neutron capture gamma ray of the described neutron of launching, described inelastic gamma rays, described neutron capture gamma ray or emission at least in part.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein, described data processing circuit is configured to determine described absolute element yield according to the environmental correction factor at least in part, the described environmental correction factor illustrates at least in part:
Mark in the described neutron of launching, that can escape from the zone of gamma ray detectors sensitivity described in described subsurface formations;
Geometric effect to the variation of the neutron flux in the zone of gamma ray detectors sensitivity described in described subsurface formations;
Geometric effect to the solid angle in the zone of gamma ray detectors sensitivity described in described subsurface formations;
Described inelastic gamma rays and the decay of described neutron capture gamma ray in described subsurface formations;
Thermal neutron flux described in described subsurface formations in the zone of gamma ray detectors sensitivity;
Epithermal neutron flux described in described subsurface formations in the zone of gamma ray detectors sensitivity; Or
Above-described combination in any.
4. system according to claim 1, wherein, described data processing circuit is configured to determine described absolute element yield according to the environmental correction factor at least in part, and the described environmental correction factor is the function of one or more parameters relevant with one or more physical features of described subsurface formations.
5. system according to claim 1, wherein, described data processing circuit is configured to determine described absolute element yield according to the environmental correction factor at least in part, the described environmental correction factor is the function of one or more parameters relevant with one or more physical features of described subsurface formations, wherein, described one or more parameter comprises:
The factor of porosity of described subsurface formations;
The slowing-down time of described subsurface formations;
The density of described subsurface formations;
The thermal-neutron capture cross-section of described subsurface formations;
The thermal-neutron capture cross-section of the well in described subsurface formations;
Estimated value in the neutron flux of the location of gamma ray detectors sensitivity described in described subsurface formations;
The estimated value that distributes at the neutron energy of the location of gamma ray detectors sensitivity described in described subsurface formations;
Original count rate from described neutron monitor;
Original gamma ray count rate from described gamma ray detectors; Or
The combination in any of the above parameter.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7552408P | 2008-06-25 | 2008-06-25 | |
| US61/075,524 | 2008-07-02 | ||
| PCT/US2009/049070 WO2010002796A2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-06-29 | Absolute elemental concentrations from nuclear spectroscopy |
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|---|---|
| CN102084271A CN102084271A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| CN102084271B true CN102084271B (en) | 2013-11-06 |
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|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102084271B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2009267178B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0914131A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2729550C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2473994B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2011000008A (en) |
| NO (2) | NO342144B1 (en) |
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| US9372277B2 (en) | 2010-04-21 | 2016-06-21 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Neutron porosity downhole tool with improved precision and reduced lithology effects |
| CN103744121B (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2017-08-25 | 王振信 | Method for logging well by saturability of C/H ratio to stratum fluid |
| CN103696765B (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-08-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Double LaBr based on controllable neutron source3detector elements spectrometer tool and logging method |
| GB201322365D0 (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2014-02-05 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Improved method for repid analysis of gold |
| CN104329075B (en) * | 2014-09-05 | 2017-01-18 | 西安奥华电子仪器股份有限公司 | Obtaining method of element capture normal spectroscopy in elemental logging |
| CN107229080B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-07-20 | 兰州大学 | A kind of acquisition methods of geochemical well logging neutron absorption gamma spectra |
| CN107423608B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2018-05-22 | 成都棱镜星科技有限公司 | Data processing platform (DPP) based on neutron detection |
| CN107479101A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-15 | 徐彬 | Oil saturation analytical equipment |
| CN111335886B (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-04-28 | 长江大学 | Neutron gamma density logging measurement device and method |
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- 2009-06-29 RU RU2011103537/28A patent/RU2502095C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-06-29 GB GB1101020.4A patent/GB2473994B/en active Active
- 2009-06-29 AU AU2009267178A patent/AU2009267178B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-29 CN CN2009801257335A patent/CN102084271B/en active Active
- 2009-06-29 MX MX2011000008A patent/MX2011000008A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-29 CA CA2729550A patent/CA2729550C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2011103537A (en) | 2012-08-10 |
| NO20110758A1 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
| GB2473994A (en) | 2011-03-30 |
| GB201101020D0 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| AU2009267178B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
| WO2010002796A2 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| AU2009267178A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| NO342144B1 (en) | 2018-03-26 |
| CN102084271A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| MX2011000008A (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| WO2010002796A3 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
| BRPI0914131A2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
| GB2473994B (en) | 2013-03-20 |
| CA2729550C (en) | 2017-02-14 |
| RU2502095C2 (en) | 2013-12-20 |
| CA2729550A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| NO20110035A1 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
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Inventor after: Grau Jim A. Inventor after: Berheide Markus Inventor after: Stoller Christian Inventor after: Roscoe Brad Inventor after: James S. Inventor before: Grau Jim A. Inventor before: Berheide Markus Inventor before: Stoller Christian |
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