CN102082538B - Method and device for adjusting speed of direct current motor - Google Patents
Method and device for adjusting speed of direct current motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN102082538B CN102082538B CN 201110025936 CN201110025936A CN102082538B CN 102082538 B CN102082538 B CN 102082538B CN 201110025936 CN201110025936 CN 201110025936 CN 201110025936 A CN201110025936 A CN 201110025936A CN 102082538 B CN102082538 B CN 102082538B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for adjusting a speed of a direct current motor. A control circuit device for controlling the voltage of the motor is connected in series with the motor; the control circuit device comprises an electronic control device 1 and an electronic control device 2 which are connected in parallel; the second electronic control device is connected in series with a depressurization element; and the electronic control device 1 and the electronic control device 2 are switched on and off periodically and alternately. The voltage at the two ends of the motor and the average voltage of the motor in the cycle time when the electronic control device 1 and the electronic control device 2 are switched on are adjusted through the control circuit device so as to regulate the rotation speed of the direct current motor. The device has a simple structure, can be controlled flexibly and is easy to implement. The heating of the depressurization element can be reduced, energy resources are saved and efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simple energy-economized DC motor speed-regulating method and device thereof.
Background technology
Direct current machine has good startup and braking ability, in governing system, obtain to use widely, and speed adjusting performance is one of energy efficiency indexes of motor device, motor device such as low power DC fan, according to the characteristics such as its low price, low energy consumption be flexible by the daily life application and development to industry-by-industry, be widely applied in the automatic control system, one of parts as ventilation and heat are integrated with instrument and equipment.Under present energy starved environment, simple speed regulating device dexterous and that have a better energy-saving effect have become the problem that people pay close attention to.
The general following two classes mode of speed regulation commonly used that adopts of dc micro-motor:
(1) series resistance or series voltage stabilizing pipe on motor, diodes etc. are adjusted the linear voltage regulation mode of pipe, this mode is adjusted element by series connection and is reduced supply power voltage, its circuit is comparatively simple, yet, the structure of decompression network of only changing this type of circuit could realize the adjustment of speed governing, therefore, can only realize limited or select the level that has of several grades of rotating speeds to regulate, be not suitable for the automatic control of rotating speed, and, reduction along with motor speed, need to increase and adjust element, improve and adjust pressure drop, the power consumption of therefore adjusting element is larger, heating is serious, not only wastes energy but also circuit is proposed Secretary.
(2) pulse width modulation (pulse width modulation, be called for short PWM), that dc voltage conversion is become pulse voltage, rotating speed according to motor changes the duration of pulse or the duty ratio of pulse, Fixed width frequency modulation method is arranged, transfer wide frequency modulation method and fixed frequency modulated PWM method, the normal fixed frequency modulated PWM method that adopts changes duty ratio, thereby changes the average voltage at armature two ends, realizes the change of motor speed.The advantage of this mode of speed regulation is to realize wider stepless speed regulation, and low cruise is stable, and efficient is higher, yet PWM is the Push And Release two states of control DC power supply, the power supply intermittent power supply, in the state dependence of closing is the inertia that motor exists, therefore in order to keep the stable of motor speed, must improve the output frequency of PWM, improve switching speed, thus, circuit produces larger to the interference of power supply, to the requirement raising of components and parts, has also increased the complexity of circuit simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will overcome existing DC motor speed-regulating method and apparatus above shortcomings, provide a kind of simple in structure, stablize speed governing, energy-conservation DC motor speed-regulating method and device thereof.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of DC motor speed-regulating method is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) at control circuit device for the voltage of controlling described motor of motor serial connection, described control circuit device comprises electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in parallel, is in series with a voltage drop element on the described electronic-controlled installation two;
(2) make described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two cycles ground alternate conduction, cut-off,
When electronic-controlled installation one conducting, during electronic-controlled installation two cut-off: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation one conducting, the voltage at motor two ends equates with supply voltage; When electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, during electronic-controlled installation two conducting: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation two conducting, the voltage at motor two ends are the voltage difference of supply voltage and voltage drop element;
Be in the time of T in the cycle: electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in turn during conducting motor cycle T in the time average voltage
Wherein, U
SBe supply voltage, U
2Be voltage drop element voltage, regulate T or T
1Get final product the voltage of regulating electric machine, realize the rotational speed regulation of direct current machine.
A kind of device of realizing aforementioned DC motor speed-regulating method, it is characterized in that: comprise the control circuit device that is serially connected with by buncher, described control circuit device comprises electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in parallel, and alternately send conducting or end the central controller of command signal to described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two, be in series with a voltage drop element on the described electronic-controlled installation two;
When electronic-controlled installation one conducting, during electronic-controlled installation two cut-off: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation one conducting, the voltage at motor two ends equates with supply voltage; When electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, during electronic-controlled installation two conducting: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation two conducting, the voltage at motor two ends are the voltage difference of supply voltage and voltage drop element;
Be in the time of T in the cycle: electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in turn during conducting motor cycle T in the time average voltage
Wherein, U
SBe supply voltage, U
2Be voltage drop element voltage, regulate T or T
1Get final product the voltage of regulating electric machine.
Described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two can be one of following: triode, field effect transistor, optocoupler, relay, controllable silicon or integration module; Described voltage drop element can be one of following: resistance, diode, voltage-stabiliser tube or integrated voltage-stabilized module.
Technical conceive of the present invention: on a circuit relatively simple for structure, with lower switch control frequency and less power loss, realize comparatively stable rotational speed regulation, propose following control thought.Rotating speed according to direct current machine:
Wherein: U
a---armature voltage (V), I
a---armature electric current (A), R
a---armature circuit resistance (Ω), Φ---magnetic flux (Wb), C
E---the coefficient of potential.When the voltage at regulating electric machine armature two ends smoothly, can realize the stepless speed regulation of motor.
During work, establishing supply voltage is U
S, motor load voltage is U
L, voltage drop element voltage is U
2, be in the time of T in the cycle:
(1) if electronic-controlled installation one conducting, electronic-controlled installation two cut-off, then electric moter voltage U
L=U
S, motor obtains maximum power supply voltage U
S, motor can high-speed cruising; If electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, electronic-controlled installation two conductings, then electric moter voltage U
L=U
S-U
2
(2) if electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two full cut-ofves, then the voltage that obtains of motor is 0, motor is out of service;
(3) if electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, the then average voltage of motor
From formula, can find out: regulate T or T
1Voltage that can both regulating electric machine is generally regulated T simply
1Time gets final product.
Foregoing circuit only is provided with two-way PWM control branch road, also can increase one or more than one control branch roads in the practical application again and select to do control, to realize satisfied startup, braking and governor control characteristics stably.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) this circuit structure is simple, and control realizes flexibly easily.
(2) in the circuit PWM " is opened " the circuit two states that " breaks " with pure circuit and make the operation control of motor load " high voltage " and " low-voltage " into, not only can reduce the control frequency of PWM, reduce the impact to power supply, also can reduce various impacts and the fluctuation of speed that changes of magnetic field that the such inductive load of motor produces because of the acute variation of voltage, electric current causes.
(3) when adjusting rotating speed, by changing T
1Or T
2Or T adjusts duty ratio, example: T is constant, adjusts T
2Size can realize adjustment of rotational speed, rather than changes merely the step-down size of voltage drop element, and load current is larger when rotating speed is higher like this, at this moment T
2Less, the electric energy of loss is corresponding less on voltage drop element, if when rotating speed reduces, and T
2Increase, greatly reduce because rotating speed reduces load current simultaneously, the electric energy that consumes on the voltage drop element is still less, and this circuit not only can reduce the heating of voltage drop element, but also energy savings is raised the efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of speed regulating device of the present invention.
The relation structure diagram of the voltage of motor load and time when Fig. 2 is electronic-controlled installation one conducting of the present invention.
The relation structure diagram of the voltage of motor load and time when Fig. 3 is electronic-controlled installation two conducting of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is electronic-controlled installation one of the present invention and the electronic-controlled installation two in turn voltage of motor load and the relation structure diagram of time during conducting.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
With reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 4, a kind of dc motor drive of the present invention, comprise the control circuit device that is serially connected with by buncher, described control circuit device comprises electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in parallel, and alternately send conducting or end the central controller of command signal to described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two, be in series with a voltage drop element on the described electronic-controlled installation two;
When electronic-controlled installation one conducting, during electronic-controlled installation two cut-off: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation one conducting, the voltage at motor two ends equates with supply voltage; When electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, during electronic-controlled installation two conducting: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation two conducting, the voltage at motor two ends are the voltage difference of supply voltage and voltage drop element;
Be in the time of T in the cycle: electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in turn during conducting motor cycle T in the time average voltage
Wherein, U
SBe supply voltage, U
2Be voltage drop element voltage, regulate T or T
1Get final product the voltage of regulating electric machine, realize the rotational speed regulation of direct current machine.
Described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two can be one of following: triode, field effect transistor, optocoupler, relay, controllable silicon or integration module; Described voltage drop element can be one of following: resistance, diode, voltage-stabiliser tube or integrated voltage-stabilized module.
Technical conceive of the present invention: on a circuit relatively simple for structure, with lower switch control frequency and less power loss, realize comparatively stable rotational speed regulation, propose following control thought.Rotating speed according to direct current machine:
Wherein: U
a---armature voltage (V), I
a---armature electric current (A), R
a---armature circuit resistance (Ω), Φ---magnetic flux (Wb), C
E---the coefficient of potential.When the voltage at regulating electric machine armature two ends smoothly, can realize the stepless speed regulation of motor.
During work, the control circuit device at the voltage of a described motor of above-mentioned control of motor serial connection makes described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two cycles ground alternate conduction, cut-off.If supply voltage is U
S, motor load voltage is U
L, voltage drop element voltage is U
2, be in the time of T in the cycle:
(1) if electronic-controlled installation one conducting, electronic-controlled installation two cut-off, then electric moter voltage U
L=U
S, motor obtains maximum power supply voltage U
S, motor can high-speed cruising; If electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, electronic-controlled installation two conductings, then electric moter voltage U
L=U
S-U
2
(2) if electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two full cut-ofves, then the voltage that obtains of motor is 0, motor is out of service;
(3) if electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two average voltage of motor during conducting in turn
From formula, can find out: regulate T or T
1Voltage that can both regulating electric machine is realized the rotational speed regulation of direct current machine, generally regulates simply T
1Time gets final product.
Foregoing circuit only is provided with two-way PWM control branch road, also can increase one or more than one control branch roads in the practical application again and select to do control, to realize satisfied startup, braking and governor control characteristics stably.
The described content of this specification embodiment only is enumerating the way of realization of inventive concept; protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as only limiting to the concrete form that embodiment states, protection scope of the present invention also reaches in those skilled in the art conceives the equivalent technologies means that can expect according to the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a DC motor speed-regulating method is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) at control circuit device for the voltage of controlling described motor of motor serial connection, described control circuit device comprises electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in parallel, is in series with a voltage drop element on the described electronic-controlled installation two;
(2) make described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two cycles ground alternate conduction, cut-off,
When electronic-controlled installation one conducting, during electronic-controlled installation two cut-off: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation one conducting, the voltage at motor two ends equates with supply voltage; When electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, during electronic-controlled installation two conducting: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation two conducting, the voltage at motor two ends are the voltage difference of supply voltage and voltage drop element;
Be in the time of T in the cycle: electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in turn during conducting motor at the average voltage of cycle T in the time
Wherein, U
SBe supply voltage, U
2Be voltage drop element voltage, regulate T or T
1Get final product the voltage of regulating electric machine, realize the rotational speed regulation of direct current machine.
2. device of realizing aforementioned DC motor speed-regulating method, it is characterized in that: comprise the control circuit device that is serially connected with by buncher, described control circuit device comprises electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in parallel, and alternately send conducting or end the central controller of command signal to described electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two, be in series with a voltage drop element on the described electronic-controlled installation two;
When electronic-controlled installation one conducting, during electronic-controlled installation two cut-off: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation one conducting, the voltage at motor two ends equates with supply voltage; When electronic-controlled installation one cut-off, during electronic-controlled installation two conducting: the voltage when ignoring electronic-controlled installation two conducting, the voltage at motor two ends are the voltage difference of supply voltage and voltage drop element;
Be in the time of T in the cycle: electronic-controlled installation one ON time is T
1, electronic-controlled installation two ON time are T
2, T
1+ T
2=T, then electronic-controlled installation one and electronic-controlled installation two in turn during conducting motor at the average voltage of cycle T in the time
Wherein, U
SBe supply voltage, U
2Be voltage drop element voltage, regulate T or T
1Get final product the voltage of regulating electric machine.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110025936 CN102082538B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Method and device for adjusting speed of direct current motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110025936 CN102082538B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Method and device for adjusting speed of direct current motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102082538A CN102082538A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
| CN102082538B true CN102082538B (en) | 2013-01-16 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110025936 Expired - Fee Related CN102082538B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Method and device for adjusting speed of direct current motor |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108880390B (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2020-09-22 | 南京熊猫电子制造有限公司 | Multi-stage speed regulation method of single-phase alternating current motor |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2917545Y (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-07-04 | 周胜祥 | Multifunctional footwear repairing and cleaning machine with DC voltage-regulating, abrasive-drilling, cutting, and polishing functions |
| CN201336646Y (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-10-28 | 朱鸽 | DC-motor stepless speed adjusting gear |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006121798A (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-05-11 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Motor driving device |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2917545Y (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2007-07-04 | 周胜祥 | Multifunctional footwear repairing and cleaning machine with DC voltage-regulating, abrasive-drilling, cutting, and polishing functions |
| CN201336646Y (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-10-28 | 朱鸽 | DC-motor stepless speed adjusting gear |
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| CN102082538A (en) | 2011-06-01 |
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