CN102081129B - 一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法 - Google Patents

一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法 Download PDF

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CN102081129B
CN102081129B CN 201010550681 CN201010550681A CN102081129B CN 102081129 B CN102081129 B CN 102081129B CN 201010550681 CN201010550681 CN 201010550681 CN 201010550681 A CN201010550681 A CN 201010550681A CN 102081129 B CN102081129 B CN 102081129B
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陈昊
卢胜利
王星
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法,通过检测开关磁阻电机的相电流,计算出相电流的负序分量与正序分量,将相电流负序分量幅值与正序分量幅值的比值作为故障特征量,来诊断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障。故障诊断可靠,不受工况条件的影响,效果明显,性价比高、实用性强,效果好,具有广泛的应用前景。

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一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法,适用于各种相数结构的开关磁阻电机定子绕组的短路故障诊断。
背景技术
开关磁阻电机定子绕组绝缘易污染、腐蚀、老化及热解,定子绕组绝缘性能会降低,会导致定子绕组短路。及时准确的定子绕组短路故障诊断可以阻止定子绕组短路故障的扩大,减小定子绕组短路故障引起的损失。针对开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路的故障检测与诊断技术研究虽然已经逐渐引起国内外研究者的广泛关注,然而多是基于定性的理论分析或是将其故障状态与正常状态的性能作对比分析,少有定量的故障特征提取方法,缺少有实用价值的故障诊断方法。开关磁阻电机自身严重的非线性特性、独特的控制方式和非正弦非直流电流/电压供电方式,也给其定子绕组短路故障诊断的研究带来了不小的难度,传统电机的故障诊断方法无法直接应用到开关磁阻电机中。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处,提供一种基于相电流负序分量与正序分量的幅值比作为故障特征量的开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
检测开关磁阻电机的相电流,由公式:
I X ( 0 ) · I X ( 1 ) · I X ( 2 ) · I X ( 3 ) · . . . I X ( m - 1 ) · = 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 β m - 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 . . . β 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 . . . β 2 1 β m - 3 β m - 4 . . . β 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 β β 2 β 3 . . . β m - 1 - 1 I A 1 cos ( ωt + φ A ) + jI A 1 sin ( ωt + φ A ) I B 1 cos ( ωt + φ B ) + jI B 1 sin ( ωt + φ B ) I C 1 cos ( ωt + φ C ) + jI C 1 sin ( ωt + φ C ) I D 1 cos ( ωt + φ D ) + jI D 1 sin ( ωt + φ D ) . . . I m 1 cos ( ωt + φ m ) + jI m 1 sin ( ωt + φ m )
X=A,B,C,D,...,
计算出,相电流的负序分量幅值与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800013
以及相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800014
与正序分量幅值的比值;式中,IA1、IB1、IC1、ID1、...Im1分别为从实际开关磁阻电机相电流提取的各相基波分量幅值;φA、φB、φC、φD、...φm分别为各相电流初始相位;ω为当前的相电流角频率,m为相数,t为时间,系数β=ej2π/m,j为复数虚部符号;
Figure BSA00000352349800021
为相电流的零序分量,
Figure BSA00000352349800022
为相电流的半零序分量,
Figure BSA00000352349800023
为相电流的高序分量;
将相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800024
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800025
的比值作为故障特征量,来诊断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障;
当相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800026
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800027
的比值稳定在0.02左右属正常运行状态;
当相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800028
与正序分量幅值的比值稳定在0.11左右属开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障。
有益效果:本发明通过提取开关磁阻电机相电流负序分量与正序分量的幅值比作为故障特征量,来诊断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障,基于整个转速范围内相电流负序分量与正序分量的幅值比,与正常运行状态下的相比较,可以很方便的诊断出开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障;是一种定量的故障特征提取方法,该故障诊断方法有重要的实用价值;可降低系统工况对故障特征的干扰,有效地提高了检测的灵敏度和可靠性;鲁棒性强,可靠性高,对于推广开关磁阻电机系统应用,提高开关磁阻电机运行可靠性,十分有意义。其故障诊断可靠,效果明显,性价比高、实用性强,效果好,具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例三相开关磁阻电机正常运行状态下相电流正序分量幅值I(1)、负序分量幅值I(2)以及I(2)/I(1)的比值示意图;
图2是本发明实施例三相开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障状态下相电流正序分量幅值I(1)、负序分量幅值I(2)以及I(2)/I(1)的比值示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
实施例一、以三相开关磁阻电机为例,
由公式:
I X ( 0 ) · I X ( 1 ) · I X ( 2 ) · I X ( 3 ) · . . . I X ( m - 1 ) · = 1 1 1 1 . . . 1 1 β m - 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 . . . β 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 . . . β 2 1 β m - 3 β m - 4 . . . β 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 β β 2 β 3 . . . β m - 1 - 1 I A 1 cos ( ωt + φ A ) + jI A 1 sin ( ωt + φ A ) I B 1 cos ( ωt + φ B ) + jI B 1 sin ( ωt + φ B ) I C 1 cos ( ωt + φ C ) + jI C 1 sin ( ωt + φ C ) I D 1 cos ( ωt + φ D ) + jI D 1 sin ( ωt + φ D ) . . . I m 1 cos ( ωt + φ m ) + jI m 1 sin ( ωt + φ m ) - - - ( 1 )
X=A,B,C,D,...,
简化为,
I X ( 0 ) · I X ( 1 ) · I X ( 2 ) · = 1 3 1 1 1 1 a a 2 1 a 2 a I A 1 cos ( ωt + φ A ) + jI A 1 sin ( ωt + φ A ) I B 1 cos ( ωt + φ B ) + jI B 1 sin ( ωt + φ B ) I C 1 cos ( ωt + φ C ) + jI C 1 sin ( ωt + φ C ) - - - ( 2 )
X=A,B,C
式中,IA1、IB1、IC1、ID1、...Im1分别为从实际开关磁阻电机相电流提取的各相基波分量幅值;φA、φB、φC、φD、...φm分别为各相电流初始相位;ω为当前的相电流角频率,m为相数,t为时间,系数β=ej2π/m,j为复数虚部符号;为相电流的零序分量,为相电流的正序分量,
Figure BSA00000352349800035
为相电流的负序分量;a=ej2π/3
检测开关磁阻电机的三相电流,由公式(2)计算出相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800036
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800037
将负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800038
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800039
的比值作为故障特征量,来判断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障;
当开关磁阻电机定子绕组正常运行状态下:负序分量幅值
Figure BSA000003523498000310
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA000003523498000311
的比值基本稳定在0.02左右,如图1所示;
当开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障状态下:负序分量幅值
Figure BSA000003523498000312
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA000003523498000313
的比值基本稳定在0.11左右,如图2所示。
实施例二、以四相开关磁阻电机为例,
公式(1)简化为,
I X ( 0 ) · I X ( 1 ) · I X ( 2 ) · I X ( 3 ) · = 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 j - 1 - j 1 - 1 1 - 1 1 - j - 1 j I A 1 cos ( ωt + φ A ) + jI A 1 sin ( ωt + φ A ) I B 1 cos ( ωt + φ B ) + jI B 1 sin ( ωt + φ B ) I C 1 cos ( ωt + φ C ) + jI C 1 sin ( ωt + φ C ) I D 1 cos ( ωt + φ D ) + jI D 1 sin ( ωt + φ D ) - - - ( 3 )
检测开关磁阻电机的四相电流,由公式(3)得到相电流的负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800041
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800042
将负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800043
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800044
的比值作为故障特征量,来判断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障;
当开关磁阻电机定子绕组正常运行状态下:负序分量幅值与正序分量幅值的比值基本稳定在0.02左右,如图1所示;
当开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障状态下:负序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800047
与正序分量幅值
Figure BSA00000352349800048
的比值基本稳定在0.11左右,如图2所示。

Claims (1)

1.一种开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障诊断方法,其特征在于:检测开关磁阻电机的相电流,由公式:
I X ( 0 ) · I X ( 1 ) · I X ( 2 ) · I X ( 3 ) · · · · I X ( m - 1 ) · = 1 1 1 1 · · · 1 1 β m - 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 · · · β 1 β m - 2 β m - 3 · · · β 2 1 β m - 3 β m - 4 · · · β 3 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 β β 2 β 3 · · · β m - 1 - 1 I A 1 cos ( ωt + φ A ) + j I A 1 sin ( ωt + φ A ) I B 1 cos ( ωt + φ B ) + j I B 1 sin ( ωt + φ B ) I C 1 cos ( ωt + φ C ) + j I C 1 sin ( ωt + φ C ) I D 1 cos ( ωt + φ D ) + j I D 1 sin ( ωt + φ D ) · · · I m 1 cos ( ωt + φ m ) + j I m 1 sin ( ωt + φ m )
X=A,B,C,D,...,分别代表A相,B相,C相,D相,...,计算出,相电流的负序分量
Figure FSB00000916978100012
的幅值与正序分量
Figure FSB00000916978100013
的幅值,以及相电流的负序分量
Figure FSB00000916978100014
的幅值与正序分量
Figure FSB00000916978100015
的幅值的比值;式中,IA1、IB1、IC1、ID1、...Im1分别为从实际开关磁阻电机相电流提取的各相基波分量幅值;φA、φB、φC、φD、...φm分别为各相电流初始相位;ω为当前的相电流角频率,m为相数,t为时间,系数β=ej2π/m,j为复数虚部符号;
Figure FSB00000916978100016
为相电流的零序分量,
Figure FSB00000916978100017
为相电流的半零序分量,
Figure FSB00000916978100018
为相电流的高序分量;
将相电流的负序分量
Figure FSB00000916978100019
的幅值与正序分量
Figure FSB000009169781000110
的幅值的比值作为故障特征量,来诊断开关磁阻电机定子绕组是否有短路故障;
当相电流的负序分量
Figure FSB000009169781000111
的幅值与正序分量
Figure FSB000009169781000112
的幅值的比值稳定在0.02左右属正常运行状态;
当相电流的负序分量
Figure FSB000009169781000113
的幅值与正序分量
Figure FSB000009169781000114
的幅值的比值稳定在0.11左右属开关磁阻电机定子绕组短路故障。
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CN103941142B (zh) * 2014-05-07 2016-05-18 中国矿业大学 一种开关磁阻电机功率变换器故障诊断相电流积分方法
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CN106908722B (zh) * 2016-12-12 2019-04-05 大连理工大学 一种开关磁阻电机的相电流故障的诊断方法
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