CN102080819A - Model-based dynamically decoupling turbine-boiler coordination control method for thermal power unit - Google Patents

Model-based dynamically decoupling turbine-boiler coordination control method for thermal power unit Download PDF

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CN102080819A
CN102080819A CN200910154934XA CN200910154934A CN102080819A CN 102080819 A CN102080819 A CN 102080819A CN 200910154934X A CN200910154934X A CN 200910154934XA CN 200910154934 A CN200910154934 A CN 200910154934A CN 102080819 A CN102080819 A CN 102080819A
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load
coal amount
curve
pressure
pitch
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CN102080819B (en
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李泉
朱北恒
尹峰
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ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ZHEJIANG ELECTRIC POWER Co
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Zhejiang Electric Power Test and Research Insititute
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a turbine-boiler coordination control method for thermal power unit. The problems of object hysteresis and coupling of systems exist in the current turbine-boiler coordination control. The technical scheme of the present invention is: firstly, by means of an advanced estimation about coal amount, overcoming the combustion hysteresis so as to improve the response rate of the load; secondly, according to the unit model, designing a reasonable pressure setting curve to make coal amount in accordance with an adjustment valve so as to realize a dynamic decoupling and make a coordination control system of the unit fully utilize the thermal storage capability of the unit and track the desired value rapidly and accurately; thirdly, reasonably adjusting a PID controller parameter in a stable state to guarantee the stabilization of the load and main steam pressure. The model-based dynamically decoupling turbine-boiler coordination control method for thermal power unit provided by the present invention is advantageous in overcoming coal combustion hysteresis, improving the response rate of the load, realizing the objective of dynamic decoupling and making the adjustment valve control the pressure meanwhile guaranteeing the response quality of the load.

Description

Fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method based on the model dynamic decoupling
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control method for coordinating of thermal power generation unit machine stove.
Background technology
Current large electric power plant unit needs degree of depth peaking operation mostly, and to the also raising day by day of coordination control quality requirements of unit, conventional control method is difficult to accomplish dynamic following fast and accurately, and the quality of AGC operation is unsatisfactory; Owing to the coupling of coordinated control system, when accelerating load responding, can make the main vapour pressure big ups and downs, thereby influence the stable operation of coordinated control system simultaneously.Therefore exist object hysteresis quality problem and system, coupled problem in the present unit cooperative control.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the defective that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of thermal power generation unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method based on the model dynamic decoupling is provided, to solve object hysteresis quality problem and system, coupled problem, improve the coordination control quality of unit, guarantee system stable operation.
For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: based on the fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method of model dynamic decoupling, at first leading estimate the hysteresis quality that the coal amount overcomes burning by one, improve the speed of response of load; Secondly pressure setting curve reasonable in design according to unit model makes coal amount and pitch interoperation, realizes dynamic decoupling, makes the coordinated control system of unit can make full use of the heat storage capacity of unit, tracking target value rapidly and accurately; Reasonable Tuning PID Controller device parameter when stable state guarantees the stable of load and main vapour pressure.The present invention has taken into full account the plant characteristic of coordinated control system, two object models of going into scene 2 is separated, according to plant characteristic design corresponding control strategies and the dynamic decoupling strategy after separating.
Above-mentioned fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method, the leading coal amount of estimating obtains by following step: 1) estimate coal amount feedforward control system according to internal model principle design one; 2) design one predict command, the size of this predict command is by pure delay time of coal amount and the decision of instruction rate of change; 3) described predict command constructs the predict command signal with the actual instruction curveization, adds described predict command signal in the coal amount feedforward control system described estimating, and producing and estimating the feedforward of coal amount is the leading coal amount of estimating; Described estimating produces the instruction of coal amount after the feedforward of coal amount superposes with benchmark coal amount and the dynamic revision directive of boiler master.
Above-mentioned fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method, reasonably the pressure setting curve obtains by following step: the difference of the load curve that load instruction and coal quantitative changeization form through characteristic curve A changes through the characteristic curve B pitch of retrodicting out, the coal quantitative changeization is changed forming curve through characteristic curve D and superpose and form the pressure setting curve through characteristic curve C and pitch again; Described characteristic curve A is the response characteristic of coal amount to load, and characteristic curve B is the response characteristic of pitch to load, and characteristic curve C is the response characteristic of coal amount to pressure, and characteristic curve D is the response characteristic of pitch to pressure.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: overcome the hysteresis quality of coal amount burning, improved the speed of response of load; Realized the purpose of dynamic decoupling, made pitch guarantee the response quality of load in controlled pressure, coal amount and pitch can cooperation move, and load responding and pressure-responsive have all reached the ideal control quality.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specification drawings and specific embodiments.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 estimates the schematic diagram of coal amount feedforward control system for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the form figure of predict command of the present invention.
Fig. 3 estimates the SAMA algorithm pattern for coal amount feedforward of the present invention.
Fig. 4 .1 is the schematic diagram of the plant characteristic curve A of monoblock.
Fig. 4 .2 is the schematic diagram of the plant characteristic curve B of monoblock.
Fig. 4 .3 is the schematic diagram of the plant characteristic curve C of monoblock.
Fig. 4 .4 is the schematic diagram of the plant characteristic curve D of monoblock.
Fig. 5 .1 is the formation figure of realized load curve.
Fig. 5 .2 is the formation figure of actual pressure curve.
Fig. 6 is a dynamic decoupling schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the SAMA algorithm pattern of dynamic decoupling of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the coordinate responses curve map behind the dynamic decoupling of the present invention.
Fig. 9 acts on the response curve of local function for conventional coal amount.
Figure 10 is the instruction among Fig. 9 and the aberration curve figure of actual value.
Figure 11 estimates the response curve that the coal amount acts on local function for the present invention.
Figure 12 is the instruction among Figure 11 and the aberration curve figure of actual value.
Figure 13 is the action diagram between controlled quentity controlled variable of the present invention and the controlled volume.
Figure 14 is a load responding curve map (passing through model emulation) under 2% speed.
Figure 15 is a load responding curve map (by practical application) under 2% speed.
Figure 16 is a load responding curve map (by practical application) under 3% speed.
The specific embodiment
One, estimates coal amount feedforward strategy
Nonlinear model is simplified and linearization process, can be obtained the approximate dynamic model (abbreviation unit model) of unit coordinatedcontrol system:
Δ p T ΔN = g 11 g 12 g 21 g 22 ΔB Δμ = k 1 μ ( T 1 s + 1 ) ( T 0 s + 1 ) - P T ( T b s + 1 ) μ ( T 0 s + 1 ) K 1 K 2 ( α T 2 s + 1 ) ( T 0 s + 1 ) ( T 1 s + 1 ) ( T 2 s + 1 ) P T K 2 T 2 s ( α T 2 s + 1 ) ( T 0 s + 1 ) ( T 2 s + 1 ) ΔB Δμ - - - ( 1 )
, in following formula, Δ P TThe expression pressure variety, Δ N represents the load variations amount, Δ B represents coal amount variable quantity, Δ u represents the pitch variable quantity, g11 represents the characterisitic function of coal amount to pressure, g12 represents the characterisitic function of pitch to pressure, and g21 represents the characterisitic function of coal amount to load, and g22 represents the characterisitic function of pitch to load.
Characterisitic function g21 to load responding extracts with the coal amount in the unit model (1), because function g21 has inertia and delays characteristic, so can estimate coal amount feedforward control system accordingly according to the internal model principle design, its principle as shown in Figure 1, E (s) is the controller input deviation, G c(s) be controller, G d(s) be inner prediction model, Y (s) is a controlled volume, and (be controlled device Ls), the controlled quentity controlled variable U that obtains in Fig. 1 (s) obtains coal amount control instruction for estimating the feedforward of coal amount to G (s) exp in the square frame after the dynamic revision directive of stack boiler master.When model is delayed greatly, reach requirement for making the control response quality, need in load setting value R (s), to add predicted value, this value size is by pure delay time of object and the decision of instruction rate of change, and concrete form is as shown in Figure 2.
The feedforward of coal amount estimates except estimating the coal amount feedforward control system according to internal model principle design one as seen from Figure 2, also need to adopt predict command, it is with the actual instruction curveization, construct the predict command signal, add among the R (s) of Fig. 1, produce the coal amount of the estimating feedforward among Fig. 2, it is dynamically revised the coal amount of specifying the stack back to produce among Fig. 2 with benchmark coal amount and boiler master and instructs.
The concrete logic of estimating coal amount feedforward control system as shown in Figure 3.Adopt one order inertia to add in Fig. 3 logic and delay the three rank inertial elements that model comes function g21 in the approximate expression (1), according to the coal amount of the estimating feedforward control system among Fig. 1, its control output needs to add inertial element and overcomes differentiation element among the g21.Predict command formation loop produces the predict command signal among Fig. 2 among Fig. 3, under the effect of internal mode controller, form the coal amount of the estimating feed-forward signal among Fig. 2, it is based on predict command and object partial model and the compensating signal that produces, dynamic response quality for system has important effect, and the rate of change of the height of predict command and actual load instruction has certain linear.
Two, based on the dynamic decoupling strategy of model
The coal amount to load and the response characteristic of pressure shown in the curve A among Fig. 4 .1,4.3, C, pitch to load and the response characteristic of pressure shown in the curve B among Fig. 4 .2,4.4, D, these characteristic curves are to set up the coordinated control system model based, also reacted simultaneously the essential attribute of object well, promptly they are inertia, the differentiation elements that intercouple.In actual engineering, coal amount and pitch move simultaneously, can not allow them according to different sequential single movements, and therefore actual load curve and pressure curve should be the results of two specific character curves stack.
As shown in Figure 5, realized load curve is to be formed after characteristic curve B stack through characteristic curve A and pitch variation by the coal quantitative changeization, equally, the actual pressure curve is formed after characteristic curve D stack through characteristic curve C and pitch variation by the coal quantitative changeization, and the formation principle of these four characteristic curves and actual curve provides foundation for pressure setting curve reasonable in design.
Because the intrinsic coupled characteristic of coordinated control system object, therefore in the engineering reality, can the action that cooperatively interact of coal amount and pitch be the key point that realizes dynamic decoupling, just can realize the interoperation of coal amount and pitch according to 4 characteristic curves among Fig. 4, reaches the purpose of dynamic decoupling.Concrete decoupling principle as shown in Figure 6, as seen from Figure 6, the key of dynamic decoupling is a pressure setting curve reasonable in design, the difference of the load curve that load instruction and coal quantitative changeization form through characteristic curve A changes through the characteristic curve B pitch of retrodicting out, again the coal quantitative changeization is changed through characteristic curve C and pitch and form curve through characteristic curve D and superpose and form the pressure setting curve, the part throttle characteristics that this curve has reacted system can make coal amount and pitch interoperation, thereby reaches the purpose of dynamic decoupling.
By form rational pressure set realize dynamic decoupling the SAMA algorithm as shown in Figure 7, in Fig. 7, used the object model of coordinated control system, four characteristic curves among their characteristic conforms Fig. 4 have been realized a setting value curve with unit load characteristic and pressure plant characteristic according to the principle of operation of Fig. 7.
In the time of near pitch is controlled at actual pressure setting value, actual load also is controlled near the setting value, and when estimating the coal amount feedforward of suitable coal amount is provided, load responding and pressure-responsive can reach the ideal control quality.Fig. 8 is the control response curve of realizing according to the dynamic decoupling principle, in Fig. 8 as can be seen, under the effect of dynamic decoupling curve, formed rational sliding pressure setting value curve, make pitch in controlled pressure, guarantee the response quality of load, coal amount and pitch can cooperation move, and load responding and pressure-responsive have all reached the ideal control quality.
Three, estimate coal amount feedforward Analysis on Mechanism
The conventional differential of employing load instruction in the control of coordinating is as coal amount feed-forward signal, the response curve that it produces when acting on coal amount in the model (1) to the characterisitic function g21 of load responding as shown in Figure 9, follow setting value for making controlled volume, need the certain amount of stack, promptly instruction and controlled volume is poor, as Figure 10, the area that the stack amount is surrounded is very big, the accumulation of heat of boiler is not enough to the load that provides so many, cause load responding dynamically and steady-state deviation excessive, the feedback compensation by PID guarantees that unit load finally is controlled near the setting value.
By above-mentioned analysis, the pure hysteresis of controlled volume has had a strong impact on its dynamic quality as can be seen, conventional control algolithm is difficult to satisfy the Steam Generator in Load Follow demand, because boiler heat storage is difficult to the stack amount that provides enough, finally needs regulate stabilizing control system by the hysteresis of PID.Estimate the response curve that produces when the coal amount acts on coal amount in the model (1) to the characterisitic function g21 of load responding as shown in figure 11 if adopt, by Figure 11 and Figure 12 as can be seen, the area that the stack amount is surrounded obviously reduces, be enough to satisfy the requirement of this stack amount for the amount of stored heat of general drum boiler, make the load responding of unit can follow instruction fast and change.When using this Prediction Control quantity algorithm, coordinated control system reduces in the operating frequency of stable state PID, helps the safe and stable operation of unit.
Four, dynamic decoupling Analysis on Mechanism
According to the unit model of formula (1) and the characteristic curve among Fig. 4, after the coal amount increases, the equal inertia of the load of unit and pressure rises, the coal amount has determined the final variable quantity of load, but for pressure, it just influences a factor of its variation, can think that on the intensity of effect the coal amount is superpower effect and be to pretend usefulness for pressure for load; In like manner, when the steam turbine pitch leaves greatly, get back to previous status after the load dynamic change of unit, pressure inertia occurs and descends, and the variable quantity that visible steam turbine pitch can not the final decision load also just influences a factor of its variation for pressure, can think that on the intensity of effect pitch is weak effect and be to pretend usefulness for pressure for load, action intensity figure between controlled quentity controlled variable and the controlled volume as shown in figure 13, in Figure 13, the weak effect that pitch changes load variations is the key that realizes dynamic decoupling.We can understand like this, it is a kind of process of transient state that pitch changes load variations, the amplitude of variation that load reaches the required pitch of desirable regulation quality is limited, promptly when object model is known, the pitch variable quantity that goes out by desirable Load Regulation curve inverse also is the most weak to the influence that whole process pitch changes, the just influence of dynamic process, this weak effect is used for saying so negligible with respect to the pitch variation to pretending of pressure variation, therefore can under the situation that guarantees pressure control quality, realize the high-quality control of load responding.
The dynamic decoupling basic idea that the present invention proposes is to the weak effect of load variations according to pitch variation among Figure 13, the pitch variable quantity that stack amount in the unit load response is converted out puts on the whole process of pitch effect, construct the sliding pressure curve of taking into account unit model characteristic and load responding characteristic, by unit pressure being controlled at the high-quality control that realizes load responding on this sliding pressure curve.
Five, emulation and practical application curve
Method of the present invention is carried out after through engineering approaches handles, in DCS, realize, pass through model emulation, load responding that obtains and pressure response curve as shown in figure 14, curve load responding and the load instruction is basic overlaps as can be seen from figure, quick and precisely, pressure-responsive and pressure set points overlap substantially, deviation is very little, and it is less to fluctuate, and has guaranteed the stable operation of unit.
Apply the present invention in certain 300MW of power plant dum boiler, carry out the load change test, test has been carried out the load change test to coordinated control system respectively under 1.5%*330MW/min, 2%*330MW/min and 3%*330MW/min speed, control curve under 1.5%*Pe, 2%*Pe and the 3%*Pe speed is seen Figure 15,16, and specific targets see Table 1-3.
Table 1:1.5%*Pe coordinates the control index of quality
Table 2:2%*Pe coordinates the control index of quality
Figure G200910154934XD00082
Table 3:3%*Pe coordinates the control index of quality
Figure G200910154934XD00091
From figure curve as can be seen load responding quick and precisely, pressure-responsive fluctuation is less, has guaranteed the stable operation of unit.
In Figure 15, the scope of load change is 250MW-220MW, the dynamic deviation of load is in 3MW, the maximum pressure deviation is 0.3MPa, load responding curve fundamental sum setting value overlaps, the speed of instruction is 2%*Pe, and the speed of response is about 1.9%*Pe, and whole dynamic process satisfies the control quality requirements.
In Figure 16, the scope of load change is 260MW-220MW, the dynamic deviation of load is in 6MW, the maximum pressure deviation is 0.3MPa, load responding curve fundamental sum setting value is substantially parallel, the speed of instruction is 3%*Pe, and the speed of response is about 2.7%*Pe, and dynamic process satisfies the control quality requirements.

Claims (3)

1. based on the fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method of model dynamic decoupling, at first leading estimate the hysteresis quality that the coal amount overcomes burning by one, improve the speed of response of load; Secondly pressure setting curve reasonable in design according to unit model makes coal amount and pitch interoperation, realizes dynamic decoupling, makes the coordinated control system of unit can make full use of the heat storage capacity of unit, tracking target value rapidly and accurately; Reasonable Tuning PID Controller device parameter when stable state guarantees the stable of load and main vapour pressure.
2. fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the leading coal amount of estimating obtains by following step: 1) estimate coal amount feedforward control system according to internal model principle design one; 2) design one predict command, the size of this predict command is by pure delay time of coal amount and the decision of instruction rate of change; 3) described predict command constructs the predict command signal with the actual instruction curveization, adds described predict command signal in the coal amount feedforward control system described estimating, and producing and estimating the feedforward of coal amount is the leading coal amount of estimating; Described estimating produces the instruction of coal amount after the feedforward of coal amount superposes with benchmark coal amount and the dynamic revision directive of boiler master.
3. fired power generating unit boiler-turbine coordinated control method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that rational pressure setting curve obtains by following step: the difference of the load curve that load instruction and coal quantitative changeization form through characteristic curve A changes through the characteristic curve B pitch of retrodicting out, the coal quantitative changeization is changed forming curve through characteristic curve D and superpose and form the pressure setting curve through characteristic curve C and pitch again;
Described characteristic curve A is the response characteristic of coal amount to load, and characteristic curve B is the response characteristic of pitch to load, and characteristic curve C is the response characteristic of coal amount to pressure, and characteristic curve D is the response characteristic of pitch to pressure.
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