CN102080188A - CrNiMo series easily cut pinion steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
CrNiMo series easily cut pinion steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a CrNiMo series easily cut pinion steel and a manufacturing method thereof. The steel comprises the following chemical compositions by weight percent: 0.17-0.23% of C, 0.15-0.37% of Si, 0.60-0.95% of Mn, 0.35-0.65% of Cr, 0.35-0.75% of Ni, 0.15-0.25% of Mo, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 0.010-0.040% of S, 0.005-0.050% of Al, 0.3-0.6% of Ca/S, and the balance of Fe and micro-impurities. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: smelting in a primary refining furnace (electric furnace or converter); and carrying out LF+VD (ladle refining + vacuum degassing) or RH external refining, continuous casting and rolling, wherein through the external refining and vacuum degassing treatment, the content of the oxygen in the steel is not more than 15*16<-6>, the content of microelement S is controlled, the cutting property of the CrNiMo series pinion steel is improved, and the steel is suitable for speedily cutting and processing important precision parts.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, belong to the steel alloy class.Relating to a kind of CrNiMo is free-cutting pinion steel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
20CrNiMoH is that common CiNiMo is a Pinion Steel, and all there is the similar trade mark various countries, for example: SAE (SAE8620H), JIS (SNCM220H), DIN (2NiCrMo2), BS (805M20), NF (20NCD2) etc.Its CrNiMo alloy content is low, combination of strength and toughness is good, has good hardening capacity, can withstand shocks well, bending fatigue stress, use is comparatively extensive, except that being used for automobile gearbox gear, back axle drive bevel gear, also be widely used in the transmitting gear and the gear shaft of engineering machinery, precision optical machinery.
Along with the progress of Gear Processing technology, domestic many advanced persons' Gear Production enterprise has equipped the high-speed numeric control lathe, carries out the High Speed Machining profile of tooth.Easy machinability to gear material is had higher requirement.When guaranteeing that forging working plasticity deformation performance is good, also to take into account machinability.
Compare with the 20CrMnTiH low-alloy Pinion Steel kind with domestic consumption maximum, CiNiMo is that Pinion Steel has higher bending strength, fatigue strength, supporting capacity, but in the tooth Profile Machining process, cutting ability obviously descends, and has increased the wheel cutter wearing and tearing.At present, domestic is not that the Pinion Steel cutting ability is carried out correlation test research to CrNiMo as yet.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is primarily aimed at the problem that CrNiMo is a Pinion Steel cutting ability difference, and it is free-cutting pinion steel and manufacture method thereof that a kind of CrNiMo is provided.CrNiMo of the present invention is Pinion Steel when having good hardening capacity, obdurability, has obviously improved cutting ability, belongs to structural alloy steel.
The invention provides a kind of CrNiMo is free-cutting pinion steel, and its chemical ingredients is by mass percentage:
C 0.17～0.23, and Si 0.15～0.37, and Mn 0.60～0.95, and Cr 0.35～0.65, and Ni 0.35～0.75, and Mo 0.15～0.25, P≤0.030, S0.010～0.040, Al0.005～0.050, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
Further preferred, the chemical ingredients of steel of the present invention (mass percent) is:
C 0.18～0.23, and Si 0.17～0.25, and Mn 0.70～0.80, and Cr 0.40～0.50, and Ni 0.40～0.50, and Mo 0.18～0.22, P≤0.030, and S 0.020～0.040, and Al 0.010～0.040, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
It is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel that the present invention also provides a kind of CrNiMo, comprises furnace smelting just, external refining, continuous-casting of steel billet, rolling, it is characterized in that,
Described CrNiMo is a free-cutting pinion steel, its chemical ingredients is by mass percentage: C 0.17～0.23, Si 0.15～0.37, and Mn 0.60～0.95, and Cr 0.35～0.65, Ni 0.35～0.75, Mo 0.15～0.25, P≤0.030, and S 0.010～0.040, Al 0.005～0.050, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.Or the chemical ingredients of steel is by mass percentage:
C 0.18～0.23, and Si 0.17～0.25, and Mn 0.70～0.80, and Cr 0.40～0.50, and Ni 0.40～0.50, and Mo 0.18～0.22, P≤0.030, and S 0.020～0.030, and Al 0.010～0.040, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
Make oxygen content in steel be not more than 15 * 10 in external refining final vacuum degassing processing
-6Strand is 1180～1260 ℃ in the Heating temperature of process furnace, and be 1.5～4h heat-up time, 1050～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, and 850～1120 ℃ of finishing temperatures are rolled the back slow cooling; The round steel of rolling specs Φ 30～160mm.
Described furnace just is electric furnace or converter.
Above-mentioned CrNiMo is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, and preferred processing condition are as follows:
1) weight of molten iron accounts for 30～80% of raw material gross weight in the feed stock for blast furnace, and all the other are steel scrap;
2) just furnace is smelted: the molten clear one-tenth partial objectives for of first furnace: molten clear carbon 0.50～1.1%, molten clear phosphorus≤0.020%, the requirement of residual element content conformance with standard; Fine melt analysis temperature 〉=1540 ℃.
3) furnace smelting endpoint control just: [C]=0.10～0.15%, P≤0.012%, the requirement of residual element content conformance with standard.
When 4) just furnace is tapped, adopt alloying and pre-deoxidation in the bag; Pre-deoxidation adds aluminium block amount 1.5～2.5Kg/t steel in the ladle.Tapping process and tapping back keep ladle to blow Ar continuously.
5) carry out refining at the LF ladle refining furnace, in the refining process, feeding aluminum steel 1.5～2.5m/ ton steel, refining process keeps white slag.Get a sample total analysis,, adjust C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo chemical ingredients by internally controlling requirement according to a sample analytical results.By 2.0～6m/t steel, feed silicon-calcium wire ∮ 13mm before the tapping.Control Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.010～0.050% in the control steel.Acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.010～0.040% in the preceding control of the tapping steel.The ton steel is fed silicon-calcium wire 4～6m.Remove the partial reduction slag, appropriateness reduces basicity of slag R, is controlled at 1.0～2.5, feeds the sulphur line again, control S 0.02～0.04%.
6) molten steel is skimmed before going into vacuum degassing refining furnace, after molten steel is gone into vacuum degassing refining furnace, and 15～30 minutes following hold-times of vacuum tightness 67Pa.15～40 minutes soft blow Ar time.
7) continuous casting full guard cast, tundish liquid level 700 ± 50mm, liquid level fluctuation of crystallizer≤± 2mm.Middle bag superheating temperature is by 15～25 ℃ of controls, and pulling rate is controlled 0.6-1.2m/min.
8) rolling:
Heating temperature: 1180～1260 ℃, allow the temperature difference≤30 ℃, should guarantee the steel billet homogeneous heating 1.5～4 hours heat-up times, prevent decarburization and sticking stove again; 1050 ℃～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures; 850 ℃～1020 ℃ of finishing temperatures; Roll the back and in time collect finished product and slow cooling.
Steel scrap described in the step 1) be meant the ferrous waste (as side cut, crop etc.) that do not become product in Steel Plant's production process and use after the equipment, the ferrous materials in the member scrapped, generally can be used as steelmaking feed, or be used for casting, ironmaking and rerolled steel.Its carbon content of general requirement is generally less than 2.0%, and the sulphur phosphorus content all is not more than 0.05%.
Preferably, in the step 1), do not allow to add high phosphorus, sulphur steel scraps such as slag steel, jar group's iron during batching.
Described furnace just is electric furnace or converter.The step that the present invention does not describe in detail all can adopt prior art.
With CrNiMo Pinion Steel production at present relatively, the advantage of technical solution of the present invention is:
(1) sulphur, calcium are the most cheap elements that improves cutting ability.Steel of the present invention has improved the cutting ability of steel greatly by rationally controlling the content of micro-S, Ca.Be that a kind of low cost, efficient CrNiMo are Pinion Steel.
(2) in order to improve the cutting ability that contains Pinion Steel, size and form (Fig. 1) with Sization thing in the Ca processing controls steel, promptly with the fixing dissolved S of the Ca of solid solution in molten steel, make it to generate subglobose CaS or (Ca, Mn) S complex sulfide (Fig. 2) has been eliminated the MnS ribbon and has been distributed to the disadvantageous effect of steel lateral performance.
(Fig. 4～Fig. 6) show: the cutting ability of the SNCM220H Pinion Steel of interpolation 0.02%S is significantly better than conventional 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel (it is lower to be generally low-sulfur S=0.05% and hardness) for the cutting ability simultaneous test of Pinion Steel.Under the same machining condition (cutting speed, the amount of feed, back engagement of the cutting edge are identical), the tool wear life-span of SNCM220H free-cutting pinion steel improves more than 30% than the tool wear life-span of 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel; The machined surface roughness of SNCM220H free-cutting pinion steel is better than the 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel; The chip-breaking performance of SNCM220H free-cutting pinion steel is better than the 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel.
CrNiMo of the present invention is a free-cutting pinion steel, is widely used in automobile and mechanical industry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electromicroscopic photograph of spherical sulfide (CaS) in the Pinion Steel, (scale is 100 μ m)
Fig. 2 is the electromicroscopic photograph of complex inclusion in the Pinion Steel (MnS adheres to, is wrapped in Al2O3), (scale is 100 μ m)
Fig. 3 is the electromicroscopic photograph of metallographic structure in the Pinion Steel (100 *), (scale is 100 μ m)
Fig. 4 is the chip breaking situation of 20CrMnTiH Pinion Steel and SNCM220H free-cutting pinion steel.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:CrNiMo is the production of free-cutting pinion steel;
At first carry out the fusing of steel-making liquid just, tapping and interpolation synthetic slag, pre-deoxidant in 1600 ℃～1650 ℃ scopes at first furnace; Secondly carry out the refining of molten steel at ladle refining furnace, reduce [O] and inclusion content in the molten steel, controlled temperature at 1550 ℃～1650 ℃, tap to tap time at 60min with interior tapping; On vacuum oven refining liquid steel is carried out vacuum-treat then, vacuum tightness is less than 76Pa, and the vacuum hold-time is 15～35min, and ladle bottom is blown into argon gas; Carry out continuous casting at last under the full guard state, through heating in 1.5～4 hours, 1180～1260 ℃ of strands were rolled into Φ 30～160mm round steel.
Concrete parameter sees Table 1～table 5.The steel grade of the corresponding embodiment 1-3 of numbering 1-3,
Table 1 Pinion Steel embodiment chemical ingredients (quality, %)
Table 2CrNiMo is the processing parameter of free-cutting pinion steel
Table 3CrNiMo is the processing parameter of free-cutting pinion steel
Table 4CrNiMo is the processing parameter of free-cutting pinion steel
Table 5CrNiMo is the processing parameter of free-cutting pinion steel
Embodiment 2: the physical property of steel
According to the hardening capacity of GB/T 225 methods mensuration Pinion Steel, carry out the micro test of Pinion Steel according to GB/T 13299 methods; Measure the intensity of Pinion Steel according to GB/T 228; Measurement result sees Table 3.
The physical property of table 6 steel
Table 7 roughing tool testing data of life-span table
Table 8 finishing tool testing data of life-span table
From table 6～table 8 as can be seen, Pinion Steel hardening capacity control stabilization of the present invention, obdurability is good, and is suitable with currently available products and technology, on the basis of the hardening capacity that its main superior part is to keep higher, good obdurability, its machinability obviously improves than currently available products.
Claims (9)
1. a CrNiMo is a free-cutting pinion steel, and the chemical ingredients mass percent of its steel is:
C 0.17～0.23, Si 0.15～0.37, Mn 0.60～0.95, Cr 0.35～0.65, Ni 0.35～0.75, Mo 0.15～0.25, P≤0.030, S 0.010～0.040, Al 0.005～0.050, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
2. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 1 is a free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that, the chemical component weight per-cent of steel is:
C 0.18～0.23, Si 0.17～0.25, Mn 0.70～0.80, Cr 0.40～0.50, Ni 0.40～0.50, Mo 0.18～0.22, P≤0.020, S 0.020～0.040, Al 0.010～0.040, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
3. the preparation method that CrNiMo is a free-cutting pinion steel comprises furnace smelting just, external refining, continuous-casting of steel billet, rolling, it is characterized in that, described CrNiMo is a free-cutting pinion steel, and its chemical ingredients is by mass percentage: C 0.17～0.23, and Si 0.15～0.37, Mn 0.60～0.95, Cr 0.35～0.65, and Ni 0.35～0.75, and Mo 0.15～0.25, P≤0.030, S 0.010～0.040, and Al 0.005～0.050, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.Or the chemical ingredients of steel is by mass percentage:
C 0.18～0.23, and Si 0.17～0.25, and Mn 0.70～0.80, and Cr 0.40～0.50, and Ni 0.40～0.50, and Mo 0.18～0.22, P≤0.030, and S 0.020～0.030, and Al 0.010～0.040, Ca/S=0.3～0.6; Surplus is Fe and trace impurity.
Make oxygen content in steel be not more than 15 * 10 in external refining final vacuum degassing processing
-6Strand is 1180～1260 ℃ in the Heating temperature of process furnace, and be 1.5～4h heat-up time, 1050～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, and 850～1020 ℃ of finishing temperatures are rolled the back slow cooling; The round steel of rolling specs Φ 30～160mm.
4. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, before it is characterized in that smelting in the feed stock for blast furnace weight of molten iron account for raw material 30～80%.
5. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that, when first furnace is tapped, adopts alloying and pre-deoxidation in the bag; Pre-deoxidation adds aluminium block 1.5～2.5kg/t steel in the ladle; Tapping process and tapping back keep ladle to blow Ar continuously.
6. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that, carries out refining at the LF ladle refining furnace, in the refining process, and feeding aluminum steel 1.5～2.5m/ ton steel, refining process keeps white slag.Get a sample total analysis,, adjust C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo chemical ingredients by internally controlling requirement according to a sample analytical results.By 2.0～6m/t steel, feeding silicon-calcium wire ∮ 13mm controls Ca/S=0.3～0.6 before the tapping; Acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.010～0.050% in the control steel.Acid-soluble aluminum content is 0.010～0.040% in the preceding control of the tapping steel.The ton steel is fed silicon-calcium wire 4～6m.Remove the partial reduction slag, appropriateness reduces basicity of slag R, is controlled at 1.0～2.5, feeds the sulphur line again, control S 0.02～0.04%.
7. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that skimming before molten steel is gone into vacuum degassing refining furnace, and after molten steel was gone into vacuum degassing refining furnace, vacuum tightness was less than 15～30 minutes 67Pa hold-times.15～40 minutes soft blow Ar time.
8. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that, continuous-casting of steel billet adopts the full guard cast, tundish liquid level 700 ± 50mm, and liquid level fluctuation of crystallizer≤± 2mm.Middle bag superheating temperature is by 15～25 ℃ of controls, and pulling rate is controlled 0.6-1.2m/min.
9. CrNiMo as claimed in claim 3 is the preparation method of free-cutting pinion steel, it is characterized in that, Heating temperature when rolling: 1180～1260 ℃, allow the temperature difference≤30 ℃, 1.5～4 hours heat-up times, 1050 ℃-1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850 ℃-1020 ℃ of finishing temperatures are rolled the back and are in time collected finished product and slow cooling.
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| CN102703817A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Free-machining pinion steel and production technique thereof |
| CN103146883A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-06-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Smelting method for sulfur-containing low-oxygen gear steel |
| CN103642978A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel-containing steel in short process by utilizing electric furnace |
| CN103710490A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 江油市长祥特殊钢制造有限公司 | Method for adding refining denaturant in 3Cr2MnMoS die steel |
| CN104789734A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-22 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting method of sulfur bearing steel |
| CN107177804A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-09-19 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of high tough quenched round steel of Cutting free and its manufacture method |
| CN109457183A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-12 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of low-sulfur free-cutting pinion steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110184522A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | A method of producing wind power gear sulfur-bearing pinion steel |
| CN110565018A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method for improving annealed banded structure of low-carbon high-alloy gear steel |
| CN113699447A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Sulfur-containing free-cutting steel and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113981322A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Low-carbon CrNiMo gear steel and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102703817B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-04-16 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Free-machining pinion steel and production technique thereof |
| CN102703817A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Free-machining pinion steel and production technique thereof |
| CN103146883A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2013-06-12 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Smelting method for sulfur-containing low-oxygen gear steel |
| CN103146883B (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-08-27 | 武汉钢铁(集团)公司 | Smelting method for sulfur-containing low-oxygen gear steel |
| CN103642978A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel-containing steel in short process by utilizing electric furnace |
| CN103710490B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2016-01-13 | 江油市长祥特殊钢制造有限公司 | 3Cr2MnMoS die steel refining denaturing agent Adding Way |
| CN103710490A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 江油市长祥特殊钢制造有限公司 | Method for adding refining denaturant in 3Cr2MnMoS die steel |
| CN104789734A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-22 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting method of sulfur bearing steel |
| CN107177804A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-09-19 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | A kind of high tough quenched round steel of Cutting free and its manufacture method |
| CN109457183A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-12 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of low-sulfur free-cutting pinion steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN110184522A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-30 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | A method of producing wind power gear sulfur-bearing pinion steel |
| CN110565018A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method for improving annealed banded structure of low-carbon high-alloy gear steel |
| CN110565018B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-06-01 | 山东钢铁股份有限公司 | Control method for improving annealed banded structure of low-carbon high-alloy gear steel |
| CN113699447A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 承德建龙特殊钢有限公司 | Sulfur-containing free-cutting steel and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113981322A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Low-carbon CrNiMo gear steel and preparation method thereof |
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