A kind of titania nanoparticles and lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit freshness preserving technical field, be specifically related to a kind of titania nanoparticles and the application aspect lichee fresh-keeping thereof.
Background technology
The lichee maturity period, the fruit utmost point is storage tolerance not on the occasion of the high temperature season in midsummer.The annual loss that causes because of rotting of lichee accounts for more than 20% of total output.Therefore after adopting, lichee must carry out preservation and freshness.At present, at lichee quick freezing and cold preserving fresh-keeping aspect, can guarantee fruit storage half a year or longer time substantially.Yet aspect normal-temperature fresh-keeping, do not obtain important breakthrough as yet.At present, both at home and abroad in the screening and the application that mainly bias toward anticorrisive agent, antistaling agent aspect the room temperature storage research, but temperature retention time generally is no more than 7~8d, and anticorrosion in conjunction with the medicine of routine, as benomyl, Te Keduo, sterilization prestige etc.Because these medicines have certain toxicity and residual quantity, can influence health.The external main sulphuring method that adopts is carried out the lichee normal-temperature fresh-keeping, though can keep fruit color effectively, can not kill fully some fungi, causes the mouthfeel variation, influences people's physical and mental health.Therefore, be badly in need of the antistaling agent of a kind of nontoxic, anti-dehydration of development, anti-brown stain, anticorrosion, disease prevention and prolongation aging.
Current, nano material development rapidly, nano material has the excellent specific property that much is different from conventional material, as character such as high-specific surface area, quantum effect, special light, heat, magnetics.Therefore, how fully effectively nano material to be applied to Food Science, and development and utilization effectively, be one of direction of nano material application.
At present, the nano material that is applied to the preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing aspect mainly contains nano silicon oxide, nano titanium oxide, silver-colored based nano-material etc.An amount of nanometer SiOx particle adds can form nano antibacterial film, utilizes silicon oxygen bond to CO
2And O
2The inside and outside CO of film is regulated in absorption, dissolving, diffusion and release action
2And O
2Exchange capacity, thereby suppress the fruits and vegetables respiratory intensity, play the effect of fresh-keeping water conservation.Nano-anti-oxidation agent, antiseptic are applied to fresh-keeping packaging material and can improve the fresh-keeping effect of fresh fruit of vegetables and prolong fresh keeping time.Nano series silver powder can effectively prolong the antibiotic time, and the ethene that the accelerated oxidation fruits and vegetables discharge reduces the content of ethene in the packing, thereby reaches good fresh-keeping effect.And nano-TiO
2Have good photocatalysis performance, it can become carbon dioxide and water with the ethene oxidation Decomposition that produces in the fruit vegetables storing on the one hand; On the other hand can killing bacteria etc. microorganism, therefore can effectively prolong the preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing time.Bibliographical information nano titanium oxide fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping agent is arranged, normally that triethanolamine is water-soluble, add nano titanium oxide, high-speed stirred, nano titanium oxide is dispersed in the triethanolamine aqueous solution, and be heated to 90 ℃, again Brazil wax and oleic acid are mixed, be heated to 90 ℃, stir, with the triethanolamine solution of nano titanium oxide and Brazil wax with the oleic acid mixed liquor is mixed obtains a kind of nanometer fruits and vegetables antistaling agent, can be sprayed at apple respectively, oranges and tangerines, banana, cherry, tomato, long eggplant, on the various fruits and vegetables such as watermelon, form on its surface glossiness film be used for fresh-keeping; Number of patent application is that 200610155124.2 patent application discloses a kind of nanometer fruits and vegetables normal temperature antistaling agent and preparation method thereof, described antistaling agent is made up of following weight percentages: nano titanium oxide 0.5~10%, Nano Silver titanium 0.01~1%, muscovite 5~20%, ethyl-para-hydroxybenzoate and to mixture 0.05~1%, iron powder 1~5%, cinnamic aldehyde 0.001~0.01%, the active carbon 2~7% of hydroxyl propyl formate, all the other are carrier.But above-mentioned antistaling agent all adopts organic components, and organic matter is attached to the lichee surface for a long time, enters easily in the pulp to produce bad reaction by permeating, and influences health.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiency of existing nanometer preservation technique, a kind of titania nanoparticles of pure water dissolubility is provided, its preparation method is simple, and any organic pollution.By improving its antibiotic fresh-keeping function that reaches lichee under visible light after the modification, prolong the fresh-keeping life-span.
Another object of the present invention is described titania nanoparticles to be combined with crude antistaling agent obtain the nanometer fresh-keeping agent that a kind of ecological, environmental protective has better normal-temperature fresh-keeping function.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of titania nanoparticles is provided, and average particle size particle size is 6~10nm, and crystalline phase is the anatase phase, adopt the inorganic titanium salt precipitation that hydrolysis obtains under alkali condition with oxidizer treatment after, add the precious metal ion insulation and handle and obtain.Nano particle natural stability ground all is scattered in the aqueous solution, need not any organic dispersing agent and stabilizing agent.The part by weight that preferred scheme is inorganic titanium salt, oxidant and precious metal chemical complex is 1~2: 10~20: 0.05~0.1.
Inorganic titanium salt preferably sulfuric acid oxygen titanium of the present invention, titanium tetrachloride or titanium sulfate; The preferred Ag of described precious metal ion, metal ions such as Ce, Gd can be selected compd A gNO for use
3, Ce (NO
3)
3, Gd (NO
3)
3Deng; Described oxidant is a kind of in nitric acid or the hydrogen peroxide.
Described hydrolysis is that to be hydrolyzed into the pH value be 4~8.
The preparation method of titania nanoparticles of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
(1) inorganic titanium salt being hydrolyzed into pH under alkali condition is 4~8, obtains white precipitate after the centrifugal treating then;
(2) white precipitate that step (1) is obtained obtains brown transparency liquid with oxidizer treatment after spending deionised water 2~3 times, leaves standstill 6~12h then;
(3) precious metal chemical complex is added in the described brown transparency liquid of step (2), 4~8h is handled in 90~100 ℃ of insulations, obtains the milky nano titanic oxide sol; Cool off standby.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle mass percent content in the described titania nanoparticles solution is 1~8%, the size average out to 6~10nm of nano particle.
The present invention provides a kind of lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent simultaneously, comprise above-mentioned milky nano titanic oxide sol, water soluble dispersing agent and fresh litchi liquid, described water soluble dispersing agent is calgon or sodium phosphate trimer, and described fresh litchi liquid is that the fresh litchi leaf is added concentrated the preparing of aqueous solution process that water boil obtains; By weight, water soluble dispersing agent is 0.3~1.5% of a lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent gross weight; Described fresh litchi liquid is 3~10% of antistaling agent gross weight;
The preparation method of described lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent may further comprise the steps:
(A) add water soluble dispersing agent toward cooled milky nano titanic oxide sol, stir, get scattered titania nanoparticles solution;
The fresh litchi leaf is added the aqueous solution that water boil obtains after concentrating, make fresh litchi liquid;
(B) fresh litchi liquid is added in the titania nanoparticles solution that above-mentioned steps (A) prepares, after stirring promptly.
The weight ratio of described fresh litchi leaf of step (A) and water is 1~10: 1; Preferred 0.5 hour~1 hour of boiling time; Can be concentrated into about half of original volume.
The using method of described lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent is:
Nanometer fresh-keeping agent of the present invention packed into to be had in the container of shower nozzle, evenly is sprayed on the litchi fruits surface then 1~2 time, the litchi fruits of handling well is positioned in the packing box get final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of water-based inorganic nano titanium dioxide antistaling agent for litchi, adopt the synthetic dispersed nano particle of hydro-thermal, one time the synthetic average particle size particle size of hydro-thermal is the anatase-phase nano titanium dioxide particle of 6~10nm.No any harmful components in the antistaling agent.In order further to improve its visible light catalysis activity, also adopted doping techniques modified nano-titanium dioxide particle, improve its can with under the light to the inhibition of lichee surface microorganism or kill and the effects such as degraded of the gases such as ethene that lichee metabolism is discharged, it has photocatalytic activity preferably, can effectively kill the bacterium on lichee surface and remove the ethylene gas that metabolism discharges, have the long-period freshness preserving function.The nano titanium oxide semi-conducting material is that 10nm can absorb ultraviolet light when following and produces free carrier in particle size, these carrier activity are very strong, can form free radical with oxygen and the water molecules that particle surface exists, these free radicals can enter its interior tissue of microorganism internal sabotage, thus killing bacteria.Simultaneously, these free radicals can destroy the two keys in the organic matter, fragrant chain makes the organic matter fission and generation carbon dioxide and water, thereby reach effects such as well anticorrosion and inhibition after-ripening.Nano titanium oxide photocatalyst antistaling agent of the present invention is originally as inorganic matter, and nontoxic, pollution-free, without any side effects for the environmental protection preparation, litchi fruits keeps original fresh taste without any peculiar smell and variable color after 30~60 days.Its cost is that the used antistaling agent of per kilogram lichee is about 0.05 yuan, has that fresh keeping time is long, cost is low, keeps beneficial effect such as the delicious taste of lichee preferably, has great application and promotion prospect.
Description of drawings
The SEM figure of Fig. 1 nano particle of the present invention
The X-ray diffractogram of nano particle in Fig. 2 nanometer fresh-keeping agent of the present invention
The specific embodiment
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Employed test method and equipment are conventional method if no special instructions among the following embodiment; Employed raw material if no special instructions, is the raw material that can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
With 10gTiCl
4Add in the 500ml water, regulating the pH value with concentrated ammonia liquor is 6.2, obtain white precipitate 50g after the centrifugal treating (4000r/min), add the 500ml deionized water after then deposit being spent deionised water 2 times, add 10ml nitric acid (being diluted to volume by volume concentration is 30~50%) again through fully obtaining transparency liquid behind the stirring 1h; Leave standstill behind the 6h 0.5g AgNO
3Add in the transparency liquid, handle 4h through 95 ℃ of insulations and obtain the milky nano titanic oxide sol, the gained titania nanoparticles is of a size of 6~10nm, and crystallite dimension is the anatase phase, and the SEM figure of nano particle sees shown in the accompanying drawing 1.
Milky nano titanic oxide sol cooling back adds the solution A that the 1g calgon stirs scatteredly;
The 1g lychee leaf is added 10ml water, boil behind the 0.5h the aqueous solution, adopt conventional method to be concentrated into about 5ml, obtain fresh litchi liquid 5g;
2g fresh litchi liquid is added in the scattered solution A of 2g, obtain the fresh lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent after stirring.The pH value of the antistaling agent that makes is 5~8; No organic components is the environment-friendly type nano antistaling agent.
With nanometer fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, evenly be sprayed on the fresh lichee fruit surface, spray twice, then the fresh litchi fruit is placed conventional packing container (need not seal), open container after 30 days, find that phenomenons such as any peculiar smell, variable color, weakness do not appear in litchi fruits.
Embodiment 2
With 10gTiOSO
4Add in the 500ml water, regulating pH with concentrated ammonia liquor is 6.8, obtain after the centrifugal treating obtaining white precipitate 56g after (4500r/min), add the 500ml deionized water after spending deionised water white precipitate 3 times, use the hydrogen peroxide of 10ml 30% (volume by volume concentration) concentration after fully stirring 1h, to obtain transparency liquid again, leave standstill 6h then, with 1g Ce (NO
3)
3Add wherein, after 6h is handled in 95 ℃ of insulations, obtain the milky nano titanic oxide sol, the cooling back adds the nanometer titanium dioxide titanium solution that the 1.5g calgon stirs scatteredly;
Described nanoparticle size adopts transmission electron microscope to detect and obtains, and crystalline phase is measured by X ray crystal diffraction instrument, and the titania nanoparticles average-size is 6~10nm, and crystalline phase is the anatase phase.
The 1g lychee leaf is added 12ml water, boil the aqueous solution that obtains behind the 0.5h, be concentrated into and obtain fresh litchi liquid 5g about 5ml.
2g fresh litchi liquid is added in the scattered scattered nanometer titanium dioxide titanium solution of 3g, obtain the fresh lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent through after stirring.
With nanometer fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, evenly being sprayed on needs fresh-keeping fresh lichee fruit surface twice, places packing container then, opens after 45 days and finds that phenomenons such as any peculiar smell, variable color, weakness do not appear in litchi fruits.
Embodiment 3
With 10gTi (SO
4)
2Add in the 500ml water, regulating pH with concentrated ammonia liquor is 6.0, obtain white precipitate after the centrifugal treating, add the 500ml deionization after then deposit being spent deionised water 2 times, after fully stirring 1h, obtain transparency liquid with the hydrogen peroxide of 10ml 30% concentration again, behind the static then 6h with 0.8g Gd (NO
3)
3Add wherein after 95 ℃ of insulations obtain the milky nano titanic oxide sol after handling 6h; The cooling back adds the nanometer titanium dioxide titanium solution that the 1.2g sodium phosphate trimer stirs scatteredly;
Described nanoparticle size adopts transmission electron microscope to detect and obtains, and crystalline phase is measured by X ray crystal diffraction instrument, and the titania nanoparticles average-size is 6~10nm, and crystalline phase is the anatase phase.
The 1g lychee leaf is added 12ml water, boil the aqueous solution that obtains behind the 30min, be concentrated into and obtain fresh litchi liquid 4.2g about 4ml.
2g fresh litchi liquid is added in the scattered nanometer titanium dioxide titanium solution of 3g, obtain the fresh lichee nanometer fresh-keeping agent through after stirring.
With nanometer fresh-keeping agent of the present invention, evenly being sprayed on needs twice of fresh-keeping fresh lichee fruit surface.Place packing container then, open after 55 days and find that any peculiar smell and variable color, phenomenons such as weakness do not appear in litchi fruits.