CN102077435B - Method for selectively triggering circuit breakers in the event of a short circuit - Google Patents
Method for selectively triggering circuit breakers in the event of a short circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102077435B CN102077435B CN200980124090.2A CN200980124090A CN102077435B CN 102077435 B CN102077435 B CN 102077435B CN 200980124090 A CN200980124090 A CN 200980124090A CN 102077435 B CN102077435 B CN 102077435B
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- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- circuit
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001915 proofreading effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000931705 Cicada Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/30—Staggered disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
Landscapes
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for selectively triggering circuit breakers (LS1, LS2, LS3) in the event of a short circuit, wherein an upstream circuit breaker (L1) and at least one downstream circuit breaker (LS2, LS3) on the output side are provided, wherein the upstream circuit breaker (LS1) monitors as to whether the or one of the downstream circuit breakers (LS2, LS3) is already in the process of opening the switch contacts thereof to interrupt the circuit on the output side, while forming a switch arc (5). In order to reliably determine whether a downstream circuit breaker (LS2, LS3) is already in the process of opening, according to the invention the upstream circuit breaker (LS1), so as to detect a switch arc (5) on the output side, checks whether the ohmic resistance (W) of the short circuit loop (6) produced by a short circuit (4) has an exponential curve over time in that an exponent (b) is continually computed and based on the computer exponent (b) the switch arc (5) is determined if the computed exponent (b) exceeds a predetermined threshold (S).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that triggers circuit breaker, particularly low-voltage circuit breaker for selectivity the short circuit in the situation that.
Background technology
Known to circuit breaker series connection, wherein in load-side, the downstream of the circuit breaker after being directly arranged in feeder equipment is provided with multiple circuit breakers mostly.In addition cicada optionally triggers circuit breaker in the situation that of short circuit.Optionally at this, mean, trigger respectively circuit breaker, this circuit breaker is looked and is positioned at the position that approaches short circuit most from feeder equipment, therefore no longer power consumption equipment is inevitably disconnected.In order to realize this point, the circuit breaker arranging in He downstream, upstream has each other stood electric current-and temporal scalability, wherein near the circuit breaker of feed, has opening time longer compared with circuit breaker away from feed.Realized by this way, the circuit breaker of upstream, only when himself just disconnects when approaching short circuit most or malfunctioning in the protection of the circuit breaker in downstream, does not trigger the circuit breaker in downstream here, although it may be to trigger.This electric current-and temporal scalability in the situation that, circuit breaker is realized parametrization like this, circuit breaker is looked when electric current is more and more higher and triggering after the time is more and more longer in the situation that of short circuit in feed direction.
In order to shorten essential thus relatively long opening time, the circuit breaker in the downstream circuit breaker transmitted signal to upstream respectively, is about to its disconnection.But this has required relatively high additional circuitry consumes.
In order to reduce this consumption, in WO2006/108860A1, propose, the circuit breaker of upstream is monitored the circuit breaker in one or more downstreams, wherein monitors according to the impedance of output end and realizes.If one of the circuit breaker in downstream needs to trigger at this, that is to say that its switch contact is in order to interrupt circuit at output end through opening, this is associated with the switching arc forming between switch contact, and impedance has obvious rising in the situation that of short circuit.This switching arc has caused the rising of the typicalness of output impedance, and this rising is detected by the circuit breaker of upstream, and it can identify, and the circuit breaker in downstream has triggered and the circuit breaker self of upstream needn't trigger.If the circuit breaker of upstream self has started the disconnection process of its switch contact, circuit breaker therefore can be again by this switch contact closure so.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, propose a kind of method, utilize the method to determine safely, the circuit breaker in downstream whether in the situation that of short circuit in disconnecting the process of related circuit.
This object realizes thus by a kind of method that triggers circuit breaker for selectivity the short circuit in the situation that, wherein be provided with the circuit breaker of a upstream and at output end, be provided with the circuit breaker at least one downstream, the circuit breaker of its middle and upper reaches monitor this downstream circuit breaker (or the circuit breaker in these downstreams one of them whether in forming in the situation of switching arc, to disconnect the switch contact of circuit breaker in downstream, to interrupt the circuit at output end of the circuit breaker in downstream, wherein, for determining at the circuit breaker of the upstream of the switching arc of output end, checked whether the Ohmic resistance of the outlet side of the short-circuit loop being formed by short circuit has exponential curve in time, this realizes thus, and if calculate continuously the index that index calculates, exceed default threshold value, according to the index calculating, determine switching arc.
Solution proposes, for determining the in the situation that circuit breaker in the upstream of the switching arc of output end being in short circuit, checked respectively whether the Ohmic resistance of the short-circuit loop being formed by short circuit has exponential curve in time, this realizes thus, and if calculate continuously the index that index calculates, exceed default threshold value, according to the index calculating, determine switching arc.The present invention proposes: the Ohmic resistance of short-circuit loop has exponential curve based on switching arc; And can determine by calculating continuously index the existence of exponential curve.Once detect short circuit current (and not switching arc), calculate and carry out continuously.When form switching arc between switch contact after, the index of measuring like this jumps to respectively that obviously in the value more than the default threshold value of needs.
Simply technical, by the time graph of the voltage at output end with in the time graph of electric current and the time-derivative of electric current of output end, calculate index continuously.This corresponding to modelling simplify the relation that can describe by corresponding adjunct circuit.
Aptly, directly detect the time-derivative of electric current.
If in order to calculate continuously index, considered the constant component in time of the inductance of short-circuit loop, can improve accuracy.
What simplify is, utilize continuously default frequency scanning at the voltage of output end, in electric current and its time-derivative of output end, and subsequently this scan values is introduced continuously in approximate corresponding affiliated equation group, the continuous solution of equation group is respectively the index that need to calculate.Scan values for a time point is introduced into respectively in one of equation of equation group, until can calculate in known manner the unknown quantity of equation group.For the equation group with three unknown quantitys, also just (at least) need to be with respect to the scan values of (adjacent follow each other) three time points, to untie equation group.
If under short-circuit conditions for scan values before exponential curve calculate short-circuit loop inductance with Ohmic resistance constant in the time on component and by the inductance of measuring like this and Ohmic resistance for being subject to proofread and correct during the exponential curve of switching arc restriction the voltage of output end, accuracy can improve calculating to consume reduce in the situation that.By means of the scan values before exponential curve, the constant inductance of short-circuit loop and the constant component of Ohmic resistance have also just been measured, to therefore proofread and correct the voltage of measurement and the accuracy of the index that therefore raising calculates of output end.
Accompanying drawing explanation
According to an embodiment, describe the present invention in detail below.Shown in figure:
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic view of the circuit arrangement of the circuit breaker with two downstreams,
Fig. 2 illustrates according to the equivalent circuit diagram of the current circuit of the circuit breaker in the downstream of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 is illustrated in and considers inductance and ignored in the situation that constant anode-cathode voltage falls for calculating the equation of index,
Fig. 4 illustrates for calculating inductance outside exponential curve and the equation of Ohmic resistance,
Fig. 5 be illustrated in consider according in the situation of the inductance of Fig. 4 and Ohmic resistance for proofreading and correct the equation of voltage of short-circuit loop,
Fig. 6 illustrates the schematic diagram in time of Ohmic resistance, and
Fig. 7 illustrate with the threshold value marking according to the schematic diagram of the index of the time graph of the Ohmic resistance of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Figure 1 illustrates the feeder equipment 1 with electrical network 2 and transformer 3.Fig. 1 also shows the circuit arrangement with multiple circuit breakers, at this, has three circuit breaker LS1, LS2, and LS3, these circuit breakers refer to the low-voltage circuit breaker of Limited Current, it has very short opening time.First feeder equipment 1 has followed (approaching feed) circuit breaker LS1 below, and this circuit breaker is arranged on two in this circuit breaker LS2 in parallel, the upstream of LS3.Two circuit breaker LS2, LS3 looks and is arranged on the downstream of circuit breaker LS1 from feeder equipment 1 respectively.Certainly, circuit breaker LS2, LS3 also may connect one by one.
In Fig. 1, the large arrow on right side has shown, has short circuit 4 after circuit breaker LS2, and wherein circuit breaker LS2 approaches short circuit 4 ground settings most.Fig. 1 also illustrates, circuit breaker LS2(is for example triggered by unshowned trigger) needed to disconnect.At this, switching arc 5 shown in Figure 1 burns between the switch contact of the disconnection of circuit breaker LS2, and this switching arc extinguishes again when another cut-off switch contact.The switch contact disconnecting interrupted the circuit 6a of output end output end short-circuit loop (short circuit-current circuit) and make circuit 6a and feeder equipment 1 disconnects.
In Fig. 1, the circuit breaker LS1 of upstream observes the Ohmic resistance W of the output end of the short-circuit loop 6 that (monitoring) formed by short circuit 4 as described below, and whether this resistance has exponential curve in time.
Fig. 2 illustrates that this short-circuit loop is formed by short circuit 4 according to the equivalent circuit diagram of the short-circuit loop 6 of the circuit breaker LS1 of the upstream of Fig. 1.Switching arc 5 is shown as the transformable Ohmic resistance R with exponential curve in time in Fig. 2
slb.The equivalent circuit diagram of short-circuit loop also has in time constant Ohmic resistance R and constant inductance L in time, and it is connected with switching arc 5.By the Ohmic resistance W of the output end of the circuit breaker LS1 monitoring of upstream at this also by Ohmic resistance R and Ohmic resistance R
slbsummation draw.In addition, considered that U falls in constant anode-cathode voltage
aK, this voltage drop directly occurs respectively in short time after cut-off switch contact.
Circuit breaker LS1 output end measure voltage u(t) time graph by equation 3a(shown in Figure 3 also referred to as starting voltage equation) provide.
The calculating of index b is by separating three equation 3c, 3d, and 3e, that is to say that the equation group that has three unknown quantitys by solution realizes.For this reason, the time point ti mutually following three moments determines magnitude of voltage ui, current value ii and the curent change after time dii/dt and they is introduced in three equations.Radical exponent i(is the lower right in three equational time-derivatives also) corresponding to the numbering i of three instantaneous time point ti one by one.According to equation 3f, obtained index b 1 and the index b 2 as equational solution.Value U in equation 3f, W and V be by equation 3g, 3h, the value of the time-derivative dii/dt by introducing corresponding magnitude of voltage ui, current value ii and electric current in 3i obtains.In the continuous index b 1i obtaining like this and b2i, only there is one in physics, to be rational; It is classified by means of corresponding logic.By the index b 1i of classification or the average of b2i, draw index b subsequently.
Owing to there being new (measurement-) ternary value (Wertetriple) (ui+1 at each new time point, ii+1, dii+1/dt), therefore calculate and carry out like this, be ternary value (ui-2 the earliest on the time, ii-2, dii-2/dt) value that is used for calculating by three propositions is to (ui-2, ii-2, dii-2/dt), (ui-1, ii-1, dii-1/dt), (ui, ii, dii/dt) offset and only repeated application the ternary value (ui-1 of two reservations, ii-1, dii-1/dt), (ui, ii, dii/dt) and new ternary value (ui+1, ii+1, dii+1/dt).
In order to simplify, to calculate and needn't between two continuous index b 1i and b2i, make one's choice respectively, for short-circuit loop 6, under short-circuit conditions, before producing switching arc 5, measured continuously ternary value (ui, ii, dii/dt) and according to this value, according to equation 4a in Fig. 4, determine constant in time inductance L and constant Ohmic resistance R in time, for example, be similar to the above-mentioned ternary value of utilizing for the description of equation group with three unknown quantitys.Follow-up smoothly drawn the constant component for Ohmic resistance R and inductance L.
In time constant Ohmic resistance R and in time constant inductance L according to the equation 5a in Fig. 5 the voltage u(t for correcting measuring).In the equation group for gauge index b, no longer there is subsequently two value inductance L and Ohmic resistance R, this obviously makes the calculating of index b become to be more prone to.Also needn't between two index b 1 and b2, choose again especially.
Fig. 6 illustrates that the Ohmic resistance W(of output end is as Ohmic resistance R and Ohmic resistance R
slbsummation) as the function of the time under short-circuit conditions, before there is switching arc 5 (scope va), during there is switching arc (scope sb) and after there is switching arc (scope ns).
The result of calculation of index b shown in Figure 7, can find out, has the jump for the index b calculating in the scope of switching arc 5, has wherein exceeded respectively subsequently a predetermined threshold value S.Switching arc 5 this existence or at this according to index b identification reliably.Curve c has shown digital output end signal, and this signal obtains by the index b that calculates and the comparison of threshold value S, and wherein curve c jumps to 1 from 0 respectively at this.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is triggered circuit breaker (LS1 for selectivity the short circuit in the situation that, LS2, LS3) method, wherein be provided with the circuit breaker (LS1) of a upstream and at output end, be provided with the circuit breaker (LS2 at least one downstream, LS3), the circuit breaker (LS1) of wherein said upstream is monitored the circuit breaker (LS2 in downstream described in this, LS3) circuit breaker (LS2 in downstream or described in these, LS3) whether one of them is in forming the situation of switching arc (5), to disconnect the circuit breaker (LS2 in described downstream, LS3) switch contact, to interrupt the circuit breaker (LS2 in described downstream, LS3) the circuit at output end, it is characterized in that, for determining at the circuit breaker (LS1) of the described upstream of the described switching arc (5) of output end, checked whether the Ohmic resistance (W) of the outlet side of the short-circuit loop (6) being formed by short circuit (4) has exponential curve in time, this realizes thus, calculate continuously index (b) and if the described index (b) calculating exceedes default threshold value (S), according to the described index (b) calculating, determine described switching arc (5).
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, continuously by the voltage at output end (u(t)) time graph and at the electric current (i(t) of output end) time graph and time-derivative (the di(t)/dt of described electric current) calculate described index (b).
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, detects described time-derivative (the di(t)/dt of described electric current).
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in order to calculate continuously described index (b), has considered the constant component in time of the inductance (L) of described short-circuit loop.
5. according to the method described in any one in claim 2 to 4, it is characterized in that, utilize continuously the voltage (u(t) at output end described in default frequency scanning) and the described electric current at output end (i(t)), and subsequently by scan values (ui, ii) the time-derivative (dii/dt) of self and described scan values is introduced corresponding equation group (3g continuously, 3h, 3i) in, the continuous solution of described equation group is respectively the described index (b) that need to calculate.
6. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in order to calculate continuously described index (b), has applied the voltage (u at output end proofreading and correct
★(t)), wherein proofread and correct in time range, considered described short-circuit loop described inductance (L) and the described constant component in time of constant Ohmic resistance (R) in time, in described time range, described index (b) is under described threshold value (S).
7. method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, for the described scan values before the described exponential curve calculates described inductance (L) and the described constant component in time described constant Ohmic resistance (R) in time of described short-circuit loop, and for proofread and correct the voltage (u(t) of described output end during described exponential curve based on described switching arc (5)).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008030987.7 | 2008-06-27 | ||
| DE102008030987A DE102008030987A1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2008-06-27 | Method for selective tripping of circuit breakers in the event of a short circuit |
| PCT/EP2009/058061 WO2009156513A1 (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Method for selectively triggering circuit breakers in the event of a short circuit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102077435A CN102077435A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| CN102077435B true CN102077435B (en) | 2014-04-30 |
Family
ID=41110964
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980124090.2A Expired - Fee Related CN102077435B (en) | 2008-06-27 | 2009-06-26 | Method for selectively triggering circuit breakers in the event of a short circuit |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8503142B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2291895B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102077435B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102008030987A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2010013563A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009156513A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010042569A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for a power distribution system with two selectively triggering switches |
| DE102010042609A1 (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for providing arrangement for distribution of electrical power with two power switches in alternating current distribution plant, involves realizing opening of upstream switch release unit when threshold values are exceeded |
| CN102185295B (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2014-08-20 | 江苏大学 | Selective short-circuited protection device and method for mine low-voltage power supply system |
| US9566710B2 (en) | 2011-06-02 | 2017-02-14 | Brain Corporation | Apparatus and methods for operating robotic devices using selective state space training |
| DE102011082342A1 (en) | 2011-09-08 | 2012-11-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switchgear arrangement for distributing current on branches of electrical system, has logic unit including algorithm to recognize arc, and downstream switch whose interruption is triggered by command when arc is recognized |
| DE102011082339A1 (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2013-03-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement for power distribution with two interconnected switches, in particular circuit breakers for low voltages |
| US9764468B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-19 | Brain Corporation | Adaptive predictor apparatus and methods |
| US9242372B2 (en) | 2013-05-31 | 2016-01-26 | Brain Corporation | Adaptive robotic interface apparatus and methods |
| US9314924B1 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2016-04-19 | Brain Corporation | Predictive robotic controller apparatus and methods |
| US9792546B2 (en) | 2013-06-14 | 2017-10-17 | Brain Corporation | Hierarchical robotic controller apparatus and methods |
| US9579789B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2017-02-28 | Brain Corporation | Apparatus and methods for training of robotic control arbitration |
| US9463571B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2016-10-11 | Brian Corporation | Apparatus and methods for online training of robots |
| US9597797B2 (en) | 2013-11-01 | 2017-03-21 | Brain Corporation | Apparatus and methods for haptic training of robots |
| US9358685B2 (en) | 2014-02-03 | 2016-06-07 | Brain Corporation | Apparatus and methods for control of robot actions based on corrective user inputs |
| US9346167B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2016-05-24 | Brain Corporation | Trainable convolutional network apparatus and methods for operating a robotic vehicle |
| US9630318B2 (en) | 2014-10-02 | 2017-04-25 | Brain Corporation | Feature detection apparatus and methods for training of robotic navigation |
| EP3224953B1 (en) * | 2014-11-30 | 2019-04-10 | ABB Schweiz AG | A method for estimating an electrical operating time of a circuit breaker using current feedback |
| US9717387B1 (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2017-08-01 | Brain Corporation | Apparatus and methods for programming and training of robotic household appliances |
| DE102016209444A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Störlichtbogenerkennungseinheit |
| WO2017207029A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Fault-arc identification unit |
| WO2017207031A1 (en) | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arcing fault recognition unit |
| WO2017207535A1 (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-12-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arc fault identification unit |
| DE102020201887A1 (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2021-09-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement and procedure for the detection of electric arcs |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6392857B1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2002-05-21 | Electricite De France-Service National | Device and process for protecting a line of a network of electricity supply lines |
| CN2821850Y (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2006-09-27 | 上海电器科学研究所（集团）有限公司 | Selective protective switch |
| WO2006108860A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for increasing and guaranteeing the selectivity of a switch device in a group of switch devices and use of the arrangement for switching in power circuits |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2924752A (en) * | 1957-07-12 | 1960-02-09 | Ite Circuit Breaker Ltd | Combined circuit breaker and short circuiter |
| DE4309794A1 (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1994-09-29 | Siemens Ag | Arrangement for the activation of branches of a low-voltage network in the event of a short circuit |
| US6297939B1 (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-10-02 | Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. | Zone selective interlock for a circuit breaker system |
-
2008
- 2008-06-27 DE DE102008030987A patent/DE102008030987A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-06-26 US US13/000,897 patent/US8503142B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-26 MX MX2010013563A patent/MX2010013563A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-26 WO PCT/EP2009/058061 patent/WO2009156513A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-06-26 EP EP09769361.8A patent/EP2291895B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-06-26 CN CN200980124090.2A patent/CN102077435B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6392857B1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2002-05-21 | Electricite De France-Service National | Device and process for protecting a line of a network of electricity supply lines |
| WO2006108860A1 (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for increasing and guaranteeing the selectivity of a switch device in a group of switch devices and use of the arrangement for switching in power circuits |
| CN2821850Y (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2006-09-27 | 上海电器科学研究所（集团）有限公司 | Selective protective switch |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102077435A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| US8503142B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
| MX2010013563A (en) | 2011-02-15 |
| WO2009156513A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| DE102008030987A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| EP2291895A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| EP2291895B1 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| US20110110006A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
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Granted publication date: 20140430 Termination date: 20200626 |