CN102077312A

CN102077312A - Vacuum switching tube

Info

Publication number: CN102077312A
Application number: CN2009801254407A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乌尔夫·舒曼
Original assignee: Siemens AG
Current assignee: Siemens AG
Priority date: 2008-07-02
Filing date: 2009-07-01
Publication date: 2011-05-25
Also published as: WO2010000770A1; DE102008031472A1; DE102008031472B4; EP2294594A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a vacuum switching tube comprising a first contact piece (7) disposed on a fixed contact bolt (5), a second contact piece (11) disposed on an axial moving contact bolt (9) and a first vapor shield (29) made of an electrically conductive material for protecting the inner surfaces of a housing of the vacuum switching tube from metal vapor depositions. The first vapor shield (29) is held at one of the contact bolts (9) and is electrically insulated against this contact bolt (9).

Description

Vacuum switch tube

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of vacuum switch tube, it has first contact that is laid on the static feeler lever, be laid in second contact on the feeler lever that moves vertically and protect the inner surface of vacuum switch tube shell to avoid first vapor shield of metal vapor deposition by the material with conductive capability being used to of forming.

Background technology

Known a kind of such vacuum switch tube from German publication document DE2633543A1.

Requirement to vacuum switch tube is, the high electric current of switch reliably when high voltage.Wherein, when disconnecting vacuum switch tube, not only the compressive resistance that relates to spacing between two contacts must be supplied with, and the compressive resistance of spacing between other electric-conductors of relating to contact and vacuum switch tube (for example Dao Dian housing component or the vapor shield formed by the material of conduction) must be supplied with.In all these spacings (vacuum range), dielectric strength must be higher than the voltage load of appearance.

Along with the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube is more and more higher, to the also increase gradually of demand of vacuum switch tube.This high compressive resistance can be by increasing between the contact or the spacing between other electric-conductors of contact and vacuum switch tube (lengthening vacuum insulation apart from) is realized.But when the spacing of the vacuum switch tube that extends like this, can produce and be not easy to use and make expensive very big planform or structural volume.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of vacuum switch tube with high compressive resistance is provided.

This technical problem is solved like this according to the present invention, in the vacuum switch tube of the above-mentioned type, is fixed on first vapor shield on the feeler lever and with respect to this feeler lever electric insulation.In this vacuum switch tube especially advantageously, because first vapor shield is fixed on the feeler lever and with respect to this feeler lever electric insulation, so be fixed on needed insulation spacing between other electric-conductors of contact on the feeler lever and vacuum switch tube, than there not being little on the vacuum switch tube of this vapor shield.This is based on following knowledge, and two vacuum insulation distances (electricity is connected in series, and vacuum insulation is connected in series apart from electricity) that electricity is connected in series have than length and are equivalent to the single vacuum insulation distance high compressive resistance of two vacuum insulations that are connected in series apart from length overall.The reason that forms this specific character is, the compressive resistance in the vacuum is approximately proportional with the root of the vacuum range length that insulate.Therefore, when the length of this vacuum range became big, the compressive resistance of vacuum range (insulating capacity) only became low ratio, increases degressively.Therefore, vacuum insulation is connected in series apart from electricity is favourable two or more (short); So, can realize than the higher compressive resistance of single vacuum insulation distance with length.

Be fixed on the feeler lever and with respect to first vapor shield (surrounding the contact that is laid on the described feeler lever at least partly) of this feeler lever electric insulation, existing vacuum insulation distance between other electric-conductor with contact and vacuum switch tube, be divided into the vacuum insulation distance that two electricity are connected in series: first vacuum insulation distance extends to first vapor shield from contact, and second vacuum insulation distance extends to other electric-conductor (for example Dao Dian housing component or other vapor shield) of vacuum switch tube from first vapor shield.Therefore the terminal of the first vacuum insulation distance is positioned on first vapor shield of tool conductive capability; The top of the second vacuum insulation distance is positioned on this vapor shield equally.Therefore two vacuum insulations are connected in series apart from the quilt electricity.

(just for example when the diameter of columniform vacuum switch tube remains unchanged) can reach higher compressive resistance with method in this way when the spacing between the electric-conductor of contact and vacuum switch tube remains unchanged.Lay with respect to feeler lever electric insulation ground by making first vapor shield, reach the purpose that the current potential (so-called floating potential) to first vapor shield is freely regulated, the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube thereby be not subjected to the obstruction of first vapor shield itself.

In addition, because first vapor shield is fixed on the feeler lever, advantageously obtain a kind of vacuum switch tube of assembling especially be convenient to: first vapor shield can just be installed on the feeler lever before the assembling vacuum switch tube, and was laid in the inside of described vacuum switch tube shell subsequently when the assembling vacuum switch tube with described feeler lever.Like this, just will not be assembled to the inside of vacuum switch tube shell by single vapor shield.

Vacuum switch tube can also be designed to, the vapor shield of winning be disposed in be laid between the contact and the electric-conductor of vacuum switch tube on the feeler lever.So, the compressive resistance between the electric-conductor of described contact and vacuum switch tube has been enhanced.At this, described electric-conductor is not only with respect to static feeler lever electric insulation, but also with respect to the feeler lever electric insulation that moves vertically.Make described electric-conductor have the purpose of freely regulated current potential (floating potential) by making electric-conductor with respect to static feeler lever and with respect to the feeler lever electric insulation that moves vertically, can reaching.Avoid thus the distortion of electric field and reducing of compressive resistance taking place owing to the electric-conductor of vacuum switch tube.More can be advantageously the current potential of this electric-conductor be adjusted to a value between stationary contact bar current potential and movable feeler lever current potential, thereby makes beginning or end at vacuum insulation distance on this electric-conductor, because this intermediate potential and need not load insulation voltage at full capacity.

The electric-conductor of vacuum switch tube can be a part (for example metallic cylinder) or second vapor shield (for example being laid in the so-called intermediate steam radome of vacuum switch tube zone line) of vacuum switch tube shell.

Vacuum switch tube can be designed to, make second vapor shield be fastened on the housing of vacuum switch tube.

But, also vacuum switch tube can be designed to, make second vapor shield mechanically be connected and with respect to the described first vapor shield electric insulation with first vapor shield.Can be especially easy and expense assemble this second vapor shield cheaply together be imported in the housing of vacuum switch tube because this second vapor shield can together be fastened on the corresponding feeler lever and with this feeler lever with first vapor shield.By making second vapor shield, realized making the current potential of second vapor shield also can irrespectively freely be regulated (floating potential) with the current potential of first vapor shield with respect to the first vapor shield electric insulation.So, the vacuum insulation distance is divided into the further minute vacuum insulation distance that electricity is connected in series.Described new branch vacuum insulation distance extends to second vapor shield from first vapor shield.Like this, the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube has been enhanced again.

Vacuum switch tube can also be designed to, make and between the electric-conductor of first vapor shield and vacuum switch tube, lay the 3rd vapor shield.This 3rd vapor shield has advantageously further improved the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube by further dividing composition vacuum insulation distance with the vacuum insulation distance.

Vacuum switch tube can also be configured to, make and on another feeler lever, fixed at least one other vapor shield, and described at least one other vapor shield is with respect to described another feeler lever electric insulation.By at least one this other vapor shield, mode and the method to have stated advantageously also relates to another feeler lever and is laid in the compressive resistance that contact ground on described another feeler lever improves vacuum switch tube.

Also vacuum switch tube can be designed to, make the quantity be fixed on the vapor shield on another feeler lever, be equivalent to be fixed on the quantity of a vapor shield on the feeler lever.Like this, advantageously reach and make two feeler levers or be laid in the purpose that two contacts (just first contact and second contact) on the feeler lever are respectively equipped with the vapor shield of equal number.Obtain a kind of uniform laying of the branch vacuum insulation distance be connected in series thus,, can fully be used for the space of domination in the vacuum switch tube shell and/or form a kind of uniform field distribution by this laying.

Also vacuum switch tube can be configured to, make be fixed on one on the feeler lever vapor shield and be fixed on shortest spacing between the vapor shield on another feeler lever, be equal to, or greater than half of maximum spacing between first contact and second contact, especially can make be fixed on one on the feeler lever vapor shield and be fixed on shortest spacing between the vapor shield on another feeler lever, between maximum spacing between first contact and second contact 50% and 70% between.In the design of this vapor shield; can advantageously reach; described vapor shield especially advantageously surrounds contact, and the compressive resistance ground that does not therefore reduce vacuum switch tube has reached the purpose that the inner surface of protecting housing is especially effectively avoided metal vapor deposition.Because the current potential of steam regulation radome freely, the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube advantageously is not reduced this moment, because be fixed on one on the feeler lever vapor shield and be fixed on potential difference between the vapor shield on another feeler lever, less than be laid in one on the feeler lever contact and be laid in potential difference between the contact on another feeler lever.

Description of drawings

Next according to embodiment the present invention is described in detail.Exist for this reason

Fig. 1 illustrates first embodiment with the vacuum switch tube that is fixed on a vapor shield on the feeler lever with being insulated,

Fig. 2 illustrates has two second embodiment that is fixed on the vacuum switch tube of the vapor shield on the feeler lever with being insulated,

Fig. 3 illustrates the embodiment of the vacuum switch tube of the cylindrical shell spare with conduction,

Fig. 4 illustrates another embodiment of the vacuum switch tube of the cylindrical shell spare with conduction,

Fig. 5 illustrates has each two embodiment that are fixed on the vacuum switch tube of the vapor shield on the feeler lever with being insulated, and

Fig. 6 illustrates the partial enlarged view of the vacuum switch tube of Fig. 5.

Embodiment

Figure 1 illustrates the cutaway view of the embodiment of the vacuum switch tube of imagining according to the present invention 1.At this half cutaway view of vacuum switch tube only is shown, half is designed to respect to symmetry axis or rotating shaft 3 symmetries in addition.Described vacuum switch tube 1 has fixing or static feeler lever 5, and described static feeler lever 5 carries first (quiet) contact 7.Tighten set second (moving) contact 11 at the feeler lever 9 that moves vertically.The described feeler lever 9 that moves vertically by means of elastic bellows 13 vertically movably and vacuum-tight be connected with metal cap 15.This metal cap 15 has sliding bearing 17, and the feeler lever 9 of Yi Donging is guided in described sliding bearing 17 and moved vertically.Moving axially with four-headed arrow 19 that movable feeler lever 9 can carry out represented.

Metal cap 15 is connected with first insulating part 21, and described first insulating part 21 has hollow cylinder shaped and is made up of pottery.This first insulating part 21 is connected with second insulating part 23 of same type.Described second insulating part 23 is connected with another metal cap 25.Described another metal cap 25 makes the housing of vacuum switch tube become complete.This another metal cap 25 is connected with static feeler lever rigidly, for example feeler lever 5 is welded on another metal cap 25.

Between two opposed facing end faces of first insulating part 21 and second insulating part 23, the becket 33 of burn-oning, described becket 33 carries rotational symmetric electric-conductor 35 in the inside of vacuum switch tube 1, and described electric-conductor 35 is second vapor shield 35 (so-called intermediate steam radomes).At this, becket 33 is with original known mode and first insulating

part

21 and 23 welding of second insulating part.

First vapor shield 29 by means of support 27 by electric insulation be fixed on vertically on the feeler lever 9 that moves.Described electric insulation is realized that by means of insulating part 31 described insulating part 31 is configured to a kind of insulated column or dead ring in the present embodiment.This insulating part 31 can (as first insulating part 21 or second insulating part 23) be made up of pottery.First vapor shield 29 is positioned between the electric-conductor (second vapor shield) 35 of the contact 11 that is laid in vertically on the feeler lever 9 that moves and vacuum switch tube at this.At this moment, described electric-conductor (second vapor shield 35) is not only laid with respect to static feeler lever 5 but also with respect to the feeler lever 9 electric insulation ground that move vertically, and wherein this electric insulation is realized by first insulating part 21 and second insulating part 23.

First vapor shield 29 is set to second contact 11 that is laid on the feeler lever 9 that moves vertically by corresponding, and radially surrounds this second contact 11.Like this, first vapor shield 29 is divided into the vacuum insulation distance that two electricity are connected in series with existing vacuum insulation distance between second contact 11 and second vapor shield 35.First vacuum insulation distance 37 is represented by a four-headed arrow between second contact 11 and first vapor shield 29 in the present embodiment.Second vacuum insulation distance 39 is represented by a four-headed arrow between first vapor shield 29 and second vapor shield 35 equally.First vacuum insulation distance, 37 and second vacuum insulation distance, 39 electricity are connected in series.

By comparison, have a kind of continuous vacuum insulation distance 41 between first contact 7 and second vapor shield 35, it is expressed as a four-headed arrow in the present embodiment equally.First insulation distance 37 and second insulation distance 39 have length d/2 respectively, and continuous vacuum insulation distance 41 has length d (not considering the material thickness of first vapor shield 29 and the rounding of first vapor shield, 29 ends at this).

In vacuum (vacuum insulation distance), the compressive resistance of insulation distance, proportional with the root of this insulation distance length.It is approximately:

U = K \cdot \sqrt{D}

At this, U is the compressive resistance (dielectric strength) of vacuum insulation distance, and K is a constant, and D is the electro ultrafiltration length of insulation distance.

Therefore, the compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance between first contact 7 and second vapor shield 35 is

U_{7 - 35} = K \cdot \sqrt{d}

The compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance between second contact 11 and first vapor shield 29 is

U_{11 - 29} = K \cdot \sqrt{d / 2}

The compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance between first vapor shield 29 and second vapor shield 35 is

U_{29 - 35} = K \cdot \sqrt{d / 2}

The compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance between second contact 11 and second vapor shield 35 is

U_{11 - 35} = U_{11 - 29} + U_{29 - 35}

= K \cdot \sqrt{d / 2} + K \cdot \sqrt{d / 2}

= K \cdot \sqrt{d} \cdot \sqrt{2}

That is:

U_{11 - 35} = \sqrt{2} \cdot U_{7 - 35},

\sqrt{2} = 1.41

Therefore, by between second contact 11 and second vapor shield 35, adding first vapor shield 29, the compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance between second contact 11 and second vapor shield 35 has enlarged about 41% (with respect to the compressive resistance of the vacuum insulation distance that does not have first vapor shield 29, being equivalent to the compressive resistance of the insulation distance between first contact 7 and second vapor shield 35).

Also the electric-conductor 35 of vacuum switch tube 1 can be designed with the embodiment of Fig. 1 in different, for example be designed to the circular cylindrical shell body portion (contrast Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) of vacuum switch tube.

Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of vacuum switch tube, this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1 to a great extent.But except the embodiment of Fig. 1, can also be on static feeler lever 5, by means of another support 203 fixing or fastening another vapor shields 201.Described another vapor shield 201 this by means of other insulating part 205 with respect to static feeler lever 5 electric insulations.Therefore in this vacuum switch tube, not only first contact 7 is radially surrounded by another vapor shield 201, and second contact 11 is radially surrounded by first vapor shield 29.Reach a kind of uniform laying of vapor shield thus.At this moment, vacuum insulation distance between first contact 7 and second vapor shield 35, also be divided into the branch vacuum insulation distance that two electricity are connected in series by another vapor shield 201, like this, the compressive resistance between first contact 7 and second vapor shield 35 also has been enhanced.

Another embodiment of vacuum switch tube shown in Figure 3, the difference of the embodiment of described embodiment and Fig. 2 is, in the inside of vacuum switch tube, replace second vapor shield 35, laid the 3rd vapor shield 301 and the 4th vapor shield 303 with going back electric insulation.In addition, this vacuum switch tube also has first insulating part 305, the second insulating parts, 307, the three insulating parts 309 and the 4th insulating part 311 that is built into the ceramic hollow cylinder respectively.The 3rd vapor shield 301 is fastened on by means of becket between two end faces of first insulating part 305 and second insulating part 307 by in original known mode; The 4th vapor shield 303 is fastened between the end face of the 3rd insulating part 309 and the 4th insulating part 311 by means of becket.At freely between the end face of second insulating part 307 and the 3rd insulating part 309, add the hollow cylinder (forming by the high-quality steel) of tool conductive capability herein, the housing parts of described hollow cylinder formation vacuum switch tube.

In this vacuum switch tube, vacuum insulation distance between the housing parts 313 of second contact 11 and tool conductive capability, be divided into three branch vacuum insulation distances that are connected in series by first vapor shield 29 and the 3rd vapor shield 301: the vacuum insulation distance was between second contact 11 and first vapor shield 29 in first minute, represent with four-headed arrow 320, the vacuum insulation distance was between first vapor shield 29 and the 3rd vapor shield 301 in second minute, represent that with four-headed arrow 322 the vacuum insulation distance was between the electric-conductor 313 of the 3rd vapor shield 301 and vacuum switch tube in the 3rd minute.Described three branch vacuum insulations distance, 320,322 and 324 electricity are connected in series.In this way, in this vacuum switch tube, obtain the compressive resistance that the embodiment than Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 increases more.

Another embodiment of vacuum switch tube shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, the length of single branch vacuum insulation distance is inequality.For example, the length of first fen vacuum insulation distance between second contact 11 and first vapor shield 29 is equivalent to 1/3L approximately, and the length of the second fen vacuum insulation distance that is connected in series between the housing parts 313 of first vapor shield 29 and conduction is equivalent to 2/3L approximately.At this, L approximates the difference between vacuum switch tube radius and the contact radius.

In this embodiment; the first, second, third and the 4th insulating part 305,307,309 and 311 is respectively equipped with little vapor shield; insulating part is avoided the deposition of metallic vapour but described little vapor shield almost only is used as protection, and only relies on and borrow less size that the branch vacuum insulation distance that formation is connected in series is played a role.

Another kind of vacuum switch tube shown in Figure 5, in described vacuum switch tube, first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503 are by means of support 504, by electric insulation be fixed on vertically on the feeler lever 9 that moves, wherein said second vapor shield 503 is with respect to first vapor shield, 501 electric insulations.This insulation is realized by insulating part 505.First vapor shield 501 is by means of insulating part 507 and feeler lever 9 insulation of moving vertically.503 of second vapor shields mechanically are connected with first vapor shield 501, but with respect to described first vapor shield, 501 electric insulations.

Static feeler lever 5 carries another vapor shield 511 by means of support 509; On this another vapor shield 511, laid an additional vapor shield 513 electric insulation.Described additional vapor shield 513 is by means of insulating part 515 and described another vapor shield 511 insulation; Described another vapor shield 511 is by means of insulating part 517 and static feeler lever 5 insulation.At this especially advantageously, first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503 all are fixed on the feeler lever 9 that moves vertically and by this feeler lever 9 and carry; And another vapor shield 511 and additional vapor shield 513 all are fixed on the static feeler lever 5 or by this static feeler lever 5 and carry simultaneously.Like this, can be first and

second vapor shields

501 and 503, and another vapor shield 511 is assemblied in the vacuum switch tube with additional vapor shield 513 very easily: for example earlier first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503 are fastened on the feeler lever 9 that moves vertically, and together are inserted in the housing of vacuum switch tube with this feeler lever 9.

In this vacuum switch tube, the vacuum insulation distance between the current-carrying part 313 of second contact 11 and vacuum switch tube shell is divided into three branch vacuum insulation distances that are connected in series by first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503.Like this, as top explaining detailedly, the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube has been improved significantly.

In this embodiment, on each feeler lever, fixing two vapor shields respectively electric insulation; Two contacts also are respectively equipped with the vapor shield of equal number or are shielded by these vapor shields.

The partial view of Fig. 5 is shown in Fig. 6 enlargedly.Can clearly be seen that at this, the end of vapor shield, outstanding with respect to contact respectively towards the direction of another contact.Maximum spacing A (final dielectric distance or final stroke) when this moves for vacuum switch tube, appears at the ultimate range between first contact 7 and second contact 11.Be fixed on first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503 on the feeler lever 9 that moves vertically, and be fixed on another vapor shield 511 on the static feeler lever 5 and the shortest spacing between the additional vapor shield 513, in Fig. 6, represent with " a ".Vacuum switch tube is configured to, make to be fixed on a

vapor shield

501 and 503 and be fixed on shortest spacing between the

vapor shield

511 and 513 on another feeler lever 5 on the feeler lever 9, equal half of maximum spacing A between first contact 7 and second contact 11.What in a further embodiment, described shortest spacing also can be than the maximum spacing A between first contact 7 and second contact 11 is one medium-sized.

a≥1/2·A

If be fixed on one on the feeler lever vapor shield and be fixed on shortest spacing between the vapor shield on another feeler lever, between maximum spacing between first contact and second contact 50% and 70% between, be especially favourable at this.

This paper has described a kind of vacuum switch tube, in described vacuum switch tube, vacuum insulation distance or expanded outer diameter do not need to extend, can be advantageously by being fixed on the mode on a feeler lever or two feeler levers, raising compressive resistance by the vapor shield insulation ground that the material of tool conductive capability is formed.Obtain being connected in series of vacuum insulation distance thus, improve the compressive resistance of vacuum switch tube with this.

Claims

1. vacuum switch tube; have first contact (7) that is laid on the static feeler lever (5), be laid in second contact (11) on the feeler lever (9) that moves vertically and protect the inner surface of vacuum switch tube shell to avoid first vapor shield (29) of metal vapor deposition by the material of tool conductive capability being used to of forming; it is characterized in that described first vapor shield (29) is fixed on the feeler lever (9) and with respect to this feeler lever (9) electric insulation.

2. according to the described vacuum switch tube of claim 1, it is characterized in that first vapor shield (29) is disposed between the electric-conductor (35) of the contact (11) that is laid on the described feeler lever (9) and vacuum switch tube.

3. according to claim 1 or 2 described vacuum switch tubes, it is characterized in that the electric-conductor of vacuum switch tube is a part or second vapor shield (35) of vacuum switch tube (313) housing.

4. according to the described vacuum switch tube of claim 3, it is characterized in that described second vapor shield (35) is fastened on the housing (33) of vacuum switch tube.

5. according to claim 3 or 4 described vacuum switch tubes, it is characterized in that second vapor shield (503) mechanically is connected with first vapor shield (501) and with respect to described first vapor shield (501) electric insulation.

6. according to each described vacuum switch tube in the claim 2 to 5, it is characterized in that the 3rd vapor shield (301) is laid between the electric-conductor (313) of first vapor shield (29) and vacuum switch tube.

7. each described vacuum switch tube in requiring according to aforesaid right, it is characterized in that, on another feeler lever (5), fixing at least one other vapor shield (511,513), and this at least one other vapor shield (511,513) is with respect to described another feeler lever (5) electric insulation.

8. according to the described vacuum switch tube of claim 7, it is characterized in that, be fixed on the quantity of the vapor shield (511,513) on another feeler lever (5), be equivalent to be fixed on the quantity of the vapor shield (501,503) on the described feeler lever (9).

9. according to claim 7 or 8 described vacuum switch tubes, it is characterized in that, be fixed on the vapor shield (501 on the described feeler lever (9), 503) with the vapor shield (511 that is fixed on another feeler lever (5), 513) shortest spacing between (a) is equal to, or greater than half of maximum spacing (A) between first contact (7) and second contact (11).