CN102071035A - Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal - Google Patents
Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102071035A CN102071035A CN2010106027527A CN201010602752A CN102071035A CN 102071035 A CN102071035 A CN 102071035A CN 2010106027527 A CN2010106027527 A CN 2010106027527A CN 201010602752 A CN201010602752 A CN 201010602752A CN 102071035 A CN102071035 A CN 102071035A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- biomass charcoal
- stalk
- soil
- preparation
- straws
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention provides biomass charcoal prepared from straws, a preparation method thereof and soil comprising the biomass charcoal. The biomass charcoal is prepared by the following steps of: filling maize straws into a carbonization furnace, wherein the filling density is controlled to be 0.5g/m<3>; preserving heat at the temperature of between 100 and 120 DEG C for 8 to 12 hours to dry the straws; preserving heat at the temperature of between 130 and 250 DEG C for 10 to 20 hours to pre-carbonize the straws; heating to the temperature of between 300 and 500 DEG C to perform pyrolysis and carbonization for 30 to 40 hours; preserving heat at the temperature of over 600 DEG C for 20 to 30 hours to realize refining of straw charcoal; and finally discharging and crushing when the temperature is reduced to 60 DEG C. The biomass charcoal prepared by the method has fixed carbon content of between 60 and 75 percent. When the soil comprises 0.5 to 3 mass percent of biomass charcoal, the improvement on soil properties and recycling of the straws are facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment protection and ecological agriculture crossing domain, particularly a kind of biomass charcoal that utilizes stalk preparation and preparation method thereof and include the soil of this biomass charcoal.
Background technology
Global warming and influence thereof are one of serious environmental problem the most that current mankind faces, in Copenhagen United Nations climate change conference of holding in December, 2009, and the focus that the reduction of greenhouse gas discharge target becomes various countries' arguement and pays close attention to.Because industrial CO
2Discharging increasingly sharpens, and is much to seek effective substitute technology approach at present, and therefore, the carbon of seeking to discharge in the energy consumption is collected again with fixing in physical environment and should be become the trend of making joint efforts in the world.
Agricultural land soil is breathed and is discharged CO
2It is the important channel that causes global warming.Global soil discharges carbon amount 68～100Pg to atmosphere every year, is more than 10 times of combustion of fossil fuel emission of carbon amount.Soil CO
2Small change takes place rate of release will significantly change Atmospheric CO
2The cumulative speed of concentration and soil carbon.The research report of the inter-governmental climate change council of United Nations (IPCC) shows that total naturally potentiality (Total biophysical potential) of solid carbon of the annual agricultural in the whole world and reduction of greenhouse gas discharge are up to 5500～6000Mt CO
2Equivalent, wherein 90% from reducing soil CO
2Discharge.Therefore study soil CO
2Discharge characteristics is to inquiring into Global warming and the influence of following environment for human survival being had crucial meaning.
China is large agricultural country, and all produce a large amount of agricultural crop straws every year, and cellulose components, industrial raw material composition and calorific value are richly stored with in these stalks.Owing to lack practicable processing and utilize technology, agricultural crop straw except small part as feed and the life heating fuel, major part can't science be handled, the stalk of burning every year reaches more than 200,000,000 ton, nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium of loss are equivalent to about 60% of national chemical fertilizer ultimate production, and agricultural crop straw can not be gone back the field and directly be burnt is a major reason that causes soil fertility to descend.And brought serious topsoil at farmland open incineration stalk.In addition, about 10% stalk is stacked at irrigation canals and ditches, roadside for a long time, has wasted valuable natural resources, can produce a large amount of CH after biomass materials such as depleted stalk, rice husk rot naturally
4, ozonosphere in havoc, has aggravated Global climate change.Therefore, being badly in need of research and development has the agricultural stalk treatment and disposal of environment compatibility, economical and efficient and utilizes mode.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of biomass charcoal that utilizes the stalk preparation and preparation method thereof and includes the soil of this biomass charcoal, after this biomass charcoal adds in the soil, and CO in the character that can improve the soil and the reduction soil
2Discharging solves current problem of all bringing the agricultural crop straw treatment and disposal of immense pressure for agriculture production and environment protection simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method who utilizes the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation, selects for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, and wherein, tamped density is controlled at 0.5g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 100～120 ℃ of insulation 8～12h; At 130～250 ℃ of insulation 10～20h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 300～500 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 30～40h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, fragmentation.
As the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the moisture content of the described maize straw of selecting for use is 3～6%;
According to the above-mentioned preparation method who utilizes the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation, the present invention also provides a kind of biomass charcoal, and its fixed carbon content is 60～75%.
According to the above-mentioned preparation method who utilizes the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation, the present invention also provides a kind of soil that includes above-mentioned biomass charcoal, and the mass percentage content of described biomass charcoal in soil is 0.5～3%;
The soil that the present invention utilizes biomass charcoal of stalk preparation and preparation method thereof and includes this biomass charcoal has the following advantages at least: biomass charcoal of the present invention is raw material with the agricultural stalk, prepare biomass charcoal by regulation and control to pyrolytic process, this biomass charcoal has increases soil activation organic content and soil cation exchange capacity, promote soil agreegate formation, reduce that the soil nitrogen phosphorus nutritive element runs off, the circulation of regulation and control soil carbon and nitrogen follows, etc. characteristic.The more important thing is, this biomass charcoal use the carbon interception capability that can effectively increase soil, reduce the CO of soil ecosystem
2Quantity discharged.The present invention's not only helped improving the soil character but also help the stalk resource utilization reduces the discharging of greenhouse gases.
Embodiment
1. utilize the preparation method of the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation
Embodiment 1
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 8cm, moisture content 3%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.5g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 100 ℃ of insulation 12h; At 130 ℃ of insulation 20h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 300 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 40h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 2
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 8.5cm, moisture content 3.5%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.55g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 104 ℃ of insulation 11h; At 150 ℃ of insulation 18h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 350 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 39h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 3
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 9cm, moisture content 4%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.58g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 109 ℃ of insulation 10h; At 170 ℃ of insulation 16h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 380 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 38h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 4
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 9.5cm, moisture content 4.5%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.6g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 110 ℃ of insulation 9.5h; At 190 ℃ of insulation 13h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 400 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 35h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 5
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 10cm, moisture content 5%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.64g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 115 ℃ of insulation 9h; At 220 ℃ of insulation 12h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 450 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 33h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 6
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 11cm, moisture content 5.5%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.67g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 118 ℃ of insulation 8.5h; At 240 ℃ of insulation 11h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 480 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 31h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
Embodiment 7
Select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, stalk length is controlled at 12cm, moisture content 6%, and tamped density is controlled at 0.7g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 120 ℃ of insulation 8h; At 250 ℃ of insulation 10h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 500 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 30h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, being crushed to particle diameter is 3～5mm.
The fixed carbon content of the biomass charcoal that the present invention makes is 60%～75%, and specific surface area is 250～400m
2/ g, density 0.45～0.65g/cm
3, the pH value is 6.9～7.3.
2. biomass charcoal of the present invention is to the influence of soil
According to above-mentioned biomass charcoal, the present invention also provides a kind of soil that includes biomass charcoal, and the mass percent of described biomass charcoal in soil is 0.5～3%.With this understanding, can make the soil cation exchange capacity improve 20～30%, soil nitrogen must lose and reduce 15%～25%, and the plain loss of phosphorus reduces 9%～17%, CO
2Discharging reduces 22%～39%, and soil activation is organic to increase by 17%～33%, and the biology of heavy metal in soil Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr can utilize attitude content to reduce by 24～40%.Also have the adjusting soil pH value simultaneously, improve the characteristics of the gas permeability of soil.Biomass charcoal can be kept long steady time, need not repeat to add.
The above only is one embodiment of the present invention, it or not whole or unique embodiment, the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technical solution of the present invention by reading specification sheets of the present invention is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (4)
1. preparation method who utilizes the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation, it is characterized in that: select for use maize straw to be filled in the charring furnace, wherein, tamped density is controlled at 0.5g/cm
3Then, realize the mummification of stalk at 100～120 ℃ of insulation 8～12h; At 130～250 ℃ of insulation 10～20h, realize the pre-charing of stalk; Be warming up to 300～500 ℃ of pyrolysis charring 30～40h then; Be incubated 20～30h more than 600 ℃ again, realizing the refining of stalk carbon; At last, discharging when temperature is reduced to 60 ℃, fragmentation.
2. the preparation method who utilizes the biomass charcoal of stalk preparation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the moisture content of the described maize straw of selecting for use is 3～6%.
3. the biomass charcoal of method preparation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: its fixed carbon content is 60～75%.
4. include the soil of the described biomass charcoal of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the mass percentage content of described biomass charcoal in soil is 0.5～3%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106027527A CN102071035A (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106027527A CN102071035A (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102071035A true CN102071035A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
Family
ID=44029796
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010106027527A Pending CN102071035A (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102071035A (en) |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102533292A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method of preparing biomass charcoal with biomass material and carbonization furnace |
| CN102717413A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 上海交通大学 | Method for comprehensive utilization of sweet wormwood herb straws |
| CN103058313A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for removing oxytetracycline from livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by biomass charcoal of straws |
| CN103265962A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江大学 | Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws |
| CN103788954A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Biochar-based soil modifier and application thereof |
| CN104429212A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for improving effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer in charge-variable soil and application thereof |
| CN105126754A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 上海大学 | Method for removing chromium in water through biochar through corn straw |
| CN105622267A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of novel biological carbon material |
| CN107090296A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-25 | 明光市农源农作物专业合作社 | A kind of clayed soil modifying agent containing straw biomass charcoal |
| CN107523301A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 长安大学 | A kind of land pollution repair materials and its application |
| CN108156873A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of method using biomass carbon recuperated vegetable plastic shed soil |
| CN109250703A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-22 | 时科生物科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbon and its preparation method and application |
| CN110437855A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of rich phosphorus biomass pyrolytic carbon of controlled release available phosphorus and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111244477A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation and application of biomass carbon nanosphere cluster material |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1935941A (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2007-03-28 | 武汉凯迪科技发展研究院有限公司 | Biomass graded temperature-control slow pyrolysis process and its system |
| CN101029236A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-05 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Self-ignition machined rod carbonization and carbonized kiln |
| CN101045661A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water collecting increasing agent prepared by straw charcoal and production method thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-12-23 CN CN2010106027527A patent/CN102071035A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1935941A (en) * | 2006-09-14 | 2007-03-28 | 武汉凯迪科技发展研究院有限公司 | Biomass graded temperature-control slow pyrolysis process and its system |
| CN101029236A (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2007-09-05 | 浙江省林业科学研究院 | Self-ignition machined rod carbonization and carbonized kiln |
| CN101045661A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Soil water collecting increasing agent prepared by straw charcoal and production method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 卢克阳: "竹炭生产工艺及吸湿机理的研究", 《CNKI中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库（硕士）工程科技I辑》 * |
| 谭宏超; 王定尚: "竹炭的加工与利用", 《云南林业》 * |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102533292A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Method of preparing biomass charcoal with biomass material and carbonization furnace |
| CN102717413A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 上海交通大学 | Method for comprehensive utilization of sweet wormwood herb straws |
| WO2014000596A1 (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | 上海交通大学 | Comprehensive utilization method of herba artemisiae annuae straw and use thereof |
| CN103058313A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for removing oxytetracycline from livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by biomass charcoal of straws |
| CN103058313B (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-04-09 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for removing oxytetracycline from livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by biomass charcoal of straws |
| CN103265962A (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2013-08-28 | 浙江大学 | Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws |
| CN103265962B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2015-01-07 | 浙江大学 | Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws |
| CN103788954A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Biochar-based soil modifier and application thereof |
| CN104429212A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for improving effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer in charge-variable soil and application thereof |
| CN105126754A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2015-12-09 | 上海大学 | Method for removing chromium in water through biochar through corn straw |
| CN105622267A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 聚光科技(杭州)股份有限公司 | Preparation method of novel biological carbon material |
| CN107090296A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-08-25 | 明光市农源农作物专业合作社 | A kind of clayed soil modifying agent containing straw biomass charcoal |
| CN107523301A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-29 | 长安大学 | A kind of land pollution repair materials and its application |
| CN108156873A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-15 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of method using biomass carbon recuperated vegetable plastic shed soil |
| CN109250703A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-22 | 时科生物科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbon and its preparation method and application |
| CN109250703B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-10-11 | 时科生物科技（上海）有限公司 | A kind of biomass carbon and its preparation method and application |
| CN110437855A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of rich phosphorus biomass pyrolytic carbon of controlled release available phosphorus and the preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111244477A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation and application of biomass carbon nanosphere cluster material |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102071035A (en) | Biomass charcoal prepared from straws, preparation method thereof and soil comprising biomass charcoal | |
| Antar et al. | Biomass for a sustainable bioeconomy: An overview of world biomass production and utilization | |
| Vassilev et al. | Composition, properties and challenges of algae biomass for biofuel application: An overview | |
| Mat Aron et al. | Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels–a review | |
| Yadav et al. | Bioenergy crops: recent advances and future outlook | |
| CN103396857A (en) | Device and method for planting and comprehensive utilization of fast-growing plants to replace fossil energy | |
| Narzari et al. | Biochar: an overview on its production, properties and potential benefits | |
| CN103265962B (en) | Method for large-scale on-site production of biochar from crop straws | |
| De Almeida et al. | Production chain of first-generation sugarcane bioethanol: characterization and value-added application of wastes | |
| Važić et al. | Potential for energy production from reed biomass in the Vojvodina region (north Serbia) | |
| CN103274400A (en) | Method for producing active carbon from salix mongolica branches through pyrolysis | |
| Wichtmann et al. | Combustibility of biomass from wet fens in Belarus and its potential as a substitute for peat in fuel briquettes. | |
| CN102499425A (en) | Method for flue-curing tobacco by using tobacco straws | |
| Voca et al. | Evaluation of Posidonia oceanica waste as a biomass source for energy generation | |
| Pereira et al. | Chapter 10 climate change responses and adaptations in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants | |
| Tan et al. | Pennisetum hydridum: A potential energy crop with multiple functions and the current status in China | |
| Daraban et al. | Miscanthus giganteus-an overview about sustainable energy resource for household and small farms heating systems | |
| Rathore et al. | Biomass production and efficient utilization for energy generation | |
| Brodowska et al. | Agronomic aspects of switchgrass cultivation and use for energy purposes. | |
| WO2018159818A1 (en) | Fuel pellets, production method for fuel pellets, production method for solid biomass fuel, production method for halal fertilizer, modified biomass char, production method for modified biomass char, production method for hydrogen, and method for producing oil by alga | |
| CN107810829A (en) | Application of the biomass electric power plant lime-ash in matrix preparation | |
| Danjuma et al. | Disseminating biomass briquetting technology in Nigeria: A case for briquettes production initiatives in Katsina State | |
| CN105989564A (en) | Method of comprehensive exploitation and utilization on atmospheric carbon resources and CO2 equivalent substance | |
| Otitolaiye et al. | Thermal and Kinetic Analyses of Maize Cob Combustion under Non-Isothermal and Multiple Heating Rate Thermogravimetric Conditions. | |
| Kipp | Heat stress effects on growth and development in three ecotypes of varying latitude of Arabidopsis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20110525 |