CN102070317A - Mineral admixture concrete - Google Patents

Mineral admixture concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102070317A
CN102070317A CN2010105605233A CN201010560523A CN102070317A CN 102070317 A CN102070317 A CN 102070317A CN 2010105605233 A CN2010105605233 A CN 2010105605233A CN 201010560523 A CN201010560523 A CN 201010560523A CN 102070317 A CN102070317 A CN 102070317A
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China
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concrete
cement
mineral admixture
sand
reducing agent
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CN102070317B (en
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聂法智
武俊宇
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Beijing Yuantaida Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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BEIJING XINAO CONCRETE GROUP CO LTD
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C04B28/142—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements containing synthetic or waste calcium sulfate cements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention relates to a mineral admixture concrete. Mineral admixtures are used as concrete cementitous materials, common concrete and a complex of gypsum and sodium sulfate are added and used as activity excitants so as to coordinate the combined action of naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensate and a crude anthracene sulfonate superplasticizer, and the high-efficiency concrete is prepared. Compared with the prior art, the excitants in the invention has the advantages that early excitation effect is good, mixing amount is less, the early or later strength and durance of the concrete can be greatly improved, the concrete dosage is reduced by 5-20% under the condition of maintaining the strength and workability of the concrete not to be changed, and the gypsum and sodium sylfate are both industrial byproducts with low costs. In the invention, concrete plaster is mixed in advance by using a secondary feeding method, residual materials are added in the mixed concrete plaster, and the strength of the concrete is improved while reducing the abrasion of coarse aggregates on equipment. The concrete has the advantages of good workability and less bleeding, is convenient for construction, and can be applied to large-volume concrete engineering, underground engineering, seaport engineering and the like.

Description

A kind of mineral admixture concrete
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel high-performance mineral admixture concrete.
Background technology
Cement is resource, energy consumption industry, also is CO 2The rich and influential family of discharging.Along with China's rapid economy development, shortage appears in Nonrenewable resources, the energy, and environmental capacity pressure strengthens, and bearing international obligations increases.Cement industry is carried out pattern of development with resource, energy consumption type and must be impacted.
Since nineteen ninety-five, the annual production of China's Cement industry has all surpassed 30% of the world's cement total output every year, and the annual production since 2002 has all surpassed 40% of the world's cement total output every year.The output of China's cement in 2009 has reached 16.5 hundred million tons, and the cement production capacity has reached 2,000,000,000 tons, we can say, almost half of world's cement is in China, and world's cement is seen China.
Cement is big because of its quantity, purposes is wide, easy to use, excellent property, and have performance that many other materials do not replace, have with global environment and the affine ecological product attribute that melts altogether of atmospheric sphere, form one of three big base mateirals for human civilization construction, and still do not have the more suitably material that can replace cement so far.Therefore in order to alleviate the contradiction of China's energy, resource and socio-economic development, realize China's sustainable development of cement industry, adopt efficient, energy-saving processing technique and equipment, the energy consumption of reduction cement production process; Improve cement performance, concrete grade, concrete durability, reduce the relative consumption of cement; And planning, design and the management work of strengthening buildings, structures, prolong build, structures actual service lives, the energy consumption that reduces Cement industry is had important practical significance and far-reaching historical meaning.
State Council has further strengthened realization Eleventh Five-Year Plan target for energy-saving and emission-reduction working dynamics with [No. [2010] 12, promulgated by the State Council], Cement industry is one of major power consumer, realize the Cement industry target for energy-saving and emission-reduction, important meaning is arranged finish industrial energy saving reduction of discharging target comprehensively.
Flyash is the silico-aluminate residue of smeltery, chemical plant and coal-burning power plant's discharging, the thin light weight of grain, porous is loose, outer appearnce is like cement, and to greyish black, physicals is different because of coal-fired composition, fineness of pulverized coal, combustion conditions etc. from milky white for color, output is the 2.5%-5.0% of coal consumption, the mixing material that belongs to volcanic ash character, main component are the oxide compounds of silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, magnesium, and the potential chemically reactive is arranged.
Flyash is one of bigger industrial residue of the current discharge capacity of China, year bed drain purge has reached 3,000 ten thousand t, 2000 annual emissions are about 1.5 hundred million t, surpassed 1.8 hundred million t in 2002,2009, China's flyash discharging reaches 3.75 hundred million t, and major part is discharged in ash disposal area, landfill yard or the rivers,lakes and seas, causes huge pressure for the development of the national economy and the ecotope of China.Comprehensive utilization is mainly used in building materials, builds the worker, backfill building, chemical industry, agricultural, environmental improvement, therefrom extract fields such as useful matter, high value added utilization, and utilization ratio is still less than 40%.A large amount of flyash does not add processing, will produce airborne dust, atmosphere pollution; As enter water system and can cause the river to silt up, and toxic chemical substance wherein also can work the mischief to human body and biology.Therefore, the processing of flyash and utilize problem to cause people's extensive attention.
September 15, international environmental protection organization Green Peace is pointed out in Beijing issue " bona fide cost of coal---2010 Chinese flyash report of survey ", the flyash discharging that thermal power generation produces has become the maximum single source of pollution of Chinese industrial solid waste, but this out in the cold for a long time to the huge pollutent of environment and public health infringement.The random discharging of Ash Field of Thermal Power Plant is not only huge, has also produced the environmental disruption and the social influence of many aspects such as flyash composition (heavy metal, radiating material) pollution, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, human health damage and geologic hazard simultaneously.The flyash field that spreads all over has all over China reached thousands of families, is shrouding China as " the grey net " of same Zhang Juda.
Coal is in the quite long from now on main status that still accounts for resource period.Though the total utilization of PCA technology has obtained certain achievement, but in fact the flyash of most of thermoelectric enterprises still is in the low side purposes, and with the master that is processed as of material of construction, and practical efficiency is not high, store up the flyash with the impouring river in a large number, seriously endanger environment.Thus, the disposal of flyash and utilization are secular tasks.
Adding coal ash can be saved a large amount of cement and fine aggregate in concrete; Reduce water consumption; Improve the workability of concrete mix; Strengthen concrete pumpability; Reduce concrete creeping; Reduce hydration heat, heat energy swelling property; Improve concrete impervious ability; Increase concrete modification.
The waste residue that granulated blast-furnace slag produces when being Steel Plant's smelting pig iron, main component is silicate and silico-aluminate, one ton of pig iron of every production will be discharged 0.3-0.5 ton slag.The iron and steel annual production of China has at present reached about 500,000,000 tons, about 200,000,000 tons of annual blast-furnace slag of discharging, be generally used for building the road, backfill, the starting material of making manufacture of cement and blended material etc., utilization is less than 80%, and integral body utilizes level not high, and remaining still the continuation piled up, not only taken a large amount of farmlands, block the traffic, the river, but also environment has been caused pollution, endangered the eubiosis.How efficiently utilizing blast-furnace slag, making it turns waste into wealth, and is the important topic that everybody generally is concerned about.
In sum, making full use of solid waste, reduce the consumption of cement, is the key subjects of pendulum in the concrete industry, and development China low-carbon economy, recycling economy, energy-saving and emission-reduction are had great significance.
At present, flyash, slag powders have been widely applied in the cement concrete as mineral admixture, be used to improve chemical constitution, the concrete rheology of raising and the Hardenability of cement matrix, but just the substituent as cement uses, the replacement amount does not generally exceed 50%, and cement is still as topmost consolidating material.So, further reinforcement slag powders, flyash isoreactivity material are done a large amount of place of cement of agglutinate, not only can reduce the consumption of cement clinker, cement significantly, the energy consumption of corresponding minimizing Cement industry, and can reduce concrete cost, improve concrete performance, prolong concrete work-ing life.Greatly develop high performance concrete, improve and build work-ing life, realize energy-conservation.
Summary of the invention
One of the object of the invention provides a kind of high-performance mineral admixture concrete.
Two of the object of the invention provides the concrete preparation method of a kind of high-performance mineral admixture.
The present invention adopts mineral admixture as main concrete consolidating material, add the small part ordinary Portland cement with the mixture of industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium activity excitant as mineral admixture, cooperating naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent and crude anthracene is the acting in conjunction of sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent, prepares high performance mineral admixture concrete.
Mineral admixture concrete of the present invention is formulated by weight percentage by following composition:
Cement 10-100kg/m 3Adulterant 250-500kg/m 3
Industrial gypsum 14-40kg/m 3Industrial sulphuric acid sodium 6-20kg/m 3
Sand 590-850kg/m 3Stone 900-1100kg/m 3
Naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent 2.3-5.9kg/m 3
Crude anthracene is sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent 1.2-2.2kg/m 3
Water 150-160kg/m 3
Mineral admixture concrete of the present invention is filled a prescription preferably and is:
Cement 30kg/m 3Adulterant 487kg/m 3
Industrial gypsum 31kg/m 3Industrial sulphuric acid sodium 15.5kg/m 3
Sand 594kg/m 3Stone 1056kg/m 3
Naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent 4.1kg/m 3
Crude anthracene is sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent 2.1kg/m 3
Water 155kg/m 3
Wherein said adulterant is the mixture of slag powders and flyash, and the ratio of flyash and slag powders is 2: 3; Cement is 42.5 ordinary Portland cements, and its mixture with industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium constitutes the activity excitant of this mineral admixture, and the ratio of gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium is 4-1: 1, and ratio is that gypsum is 2: 1 than sodium sulfate preferably; Admixture is that naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent and crude anthracene are the compound use of sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent, the two ratio is 4-1: 1, ratio is that the naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent is that the sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent is 2: 1 than crude anthracene preferably, the naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent is a kind of tensio-active agent, its molecule is made up of hydrophilic radical and two parts of hydrophobic group, after it adds in the aqueous solution, hydrophilic radical in its molecule points to solution, the hydrophobic group points to air, solid or non-polar liquid also align, form the oriented adsorption film, reduce the surface tension and the two alternate interfacial tensions of water.After cement adds water,, form flucculation structure owing to factors such as cohere power between cement granules.After adding water reducer in the cement slurry, its hydrophobic group oriented adsorption is in cement particle surface, hydrophilic radical points to the aqueous solution, form unit molecule or multimolecular adsorption film at cement particle surface, and make it to have identical electric charge, under the electrostatic repulsion effect, flucculation structure is disintegrated, the free-water that is bound in the flucculation structure discharges, because the dissemination that the water reducer molecular adsorption produces significantly increases concrete flowability.Water reducer also makes the solvated layer of cement particle surface thicken, and plays lubrication between cement granules.Crude anthracene is that the main component of sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent is a polymethine anthracene sulfonic acid sodium.The Sulfonates material easily is dissolved in water, and disassociation is all arranged after the dissolving, generates the organic anion and the inorganic cation (Na that have negative charge +, Ca 2+), so it belongs to anion surfactant.Negatively charged ion two ends different in kind after the disassociation has amphipathic: promptly molecule one end has the very strong hydrophilic radical of polarity (sulfonic group)-SO 3-, stronger wetting ability is arranged; The other end is organic alkane chain, belongs to the hydrophobic group, and along with the lengthening of alkane chain, the solubleness of anthracene based water reducer in water is with variation.Crude anthracene is that anthracene nucleus in the sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent molecule organic chain is by means of intermolecular gravitation and cement granules effect, be adsorbed in the surface of cement granules with tiling, and it is as a kind of polymer dielectric, its aqueous solution is a kind of lyophilic sol, and lyophilic sol reaches certain concentration and just forms network structure.The fundamental characteristics of this polymer dielectric is the increase along with the pH value, and thousands of hundred times of ground of soltion viscosity increase, and promptly become gel by flowability.After cement granules adsorbs enough water reducers, by means of SO 3-and the water molecules hydrogen bond association, add the hydrogen bond association between the water molecules, just formed one deck dissolved glue film at cement surface.Portland cement itself is the stronger material of a kind of alkalescence, after the anthracene based water reducer adds in the cement with water, because the effect of this alkalescence makes the anthracene based water reducer dissolved glue film of network structure that structural viscosity be arranged, thereby the dissolved glue film that forms has stronger stability, greatly reduced the possibility of interosculating between cement granules, hinder the cohesion of cement granules, formed more stable dispersion system, like this, only need very a spot of water just easily that the cement mix is even, thereby reach the purpose of diminishing; Adulterant of the present invention is that fine flyash and slag powders are composited, slag powders and flyash have potential hydraulically active, only thereby its potential hydraulically active just can excite and produce intensity in certain alkaline environment, in the prior art, slag powders and flyash are the Ca (OH) by producing with hydrated cementitious 2The reaction of generation secondary hydration generates silicate gel, the exciting agent that slag powders and flyash are commonly used is single salt exciting agent, as inorganic salt exciting agent or organic salt exciting agent, all the activity of activated slag powder and flyash does not merely only have the improvement effect to durability of concrete.Gypsum that the present invention adopts and sodium sulfate are as exciting agent, and early stage in terms of existing technologies stimulation effect is good, and volume is little, and gypsum and sodium sulfate is industry byproduct, and is with low cost; Sand in the present invention's prescription is the good medium sand of grating; Stone is the rubble of 5-25mm continuous grading, and sand, stone silt content, clod content, detrimental impurity are controlled in the national standard.
The present invention is by adding the activity that ordinary Portland cement excites it with the mixture of industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium as the activity excitant and the high efficiency water reducing agent acting in conjunction of mineral admixture, by physics, chemical dual function, flyash in the mineral admixture, the activeconstituents of slag powders are further excited, quicken the Ca (OH) that produces with hydrated reaction of cement 2Carry out secondary reaction, the various holes that form in the course of hardening have been filled, thereby increased concrete degree of compactness, reduced concrete voidage, concrete obtains good resistance to fouling and weather resistance, keeping under the constant situation of water consumption, can make concrete slump increase 10cm～20cm, make building of difficulty become easily convenient, keeping to make concrete unit consumption of water reduce 5%～30% under the constant situation of workability, this means and reduced water cement ratio effectively, thereby may improve concrete early stage or later strength greatly, also improved concrete density and weather resistance, kept pressing the constant principle of water cement ratio when reducing water consumption under the situation that concrete strength is constant and workability is constant, reduce cement consumption, generally can save cement 5%～20%.
This shows that the present invention has also reduced production cost, social benefit and remarkable in economical benefits significantly improving under the situation of concrete every performance.
Prior art mostly is all materials are once fed intake and is mixed with concrete, and the main drawback of this technology is that cement gathers materials wrapping with other thicknesses and together enters mixing machine, meets the little cement granule of very fast formation behind the water, and the water cement ratio little this caking of healing is more serious.Little cement granule invests on the coarse aggregate, and coarse aggregate grain size is bigger, and little cement granule more is difficult for broken.In the mix process, because friction and effect of impact, the little cement granule that is in the direction of motion back side that gathers materials is effectively protected, and particle diameter has become the protection barrier of little cement granule greater than the coarse aggregate of several times of little cement granules or tens times.Make the portion water walk grain still can not be broken after mix finishes, after waiting to harden, become cement block and fill the space that gathers materials, thereby cause concrete strength to reduce, even cause the hidden danger of quality accident.
And the present invention adopts secondary batching method elder generation premixing sand-cement slurry, adopt this method, because of no thick sizing material in the mortar, be convenient to mix, after coarse aggregate drops into, easily evenly wrapped up by mortar, help improving concrete strength, and can reduce the wearing and tearing of coarse aggregate, under the constant situation of various starting material consumptions blade and liner plate, intensity average increment in three days intensity average increment 27% in 20%, 7 day.Adopt the secondary batching method can also reduce the discreteness of 28 days component strengths, its intensity square root of the variance of member with conventional method production is 28.99%, dispersion ratio is 8.9%, and its intensity square root of the variance of member of producing with the secondary batching method is 21.3%, dispersion ratio is 5.6%, concrete workability is good, is convenient to construction, and bleeding is also corresponding have been reduced.
Mineral admixture concrete of the present invention is with the following method: activity excitant (mixture of ordinary Portland cement and industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium), sand and water are added in the mixing drum fully stir earlier, after becoming uniform sand-cement slurry, drop into mineral admixture again and fully stir, drop into stone at last and stir into uniform concrete.Compared with prior art, it is about 15% that concrete strength of the present invention can improve, and under the identical situation of intensity, can save cement about 15%～20%.Specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, the mixture with sand, cement, industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium, admixture, water drop into mixing machine, mix 30s becomes sand-cement slurry, when cement granules contacts with water, its surperficial clinker mineral immediately with water generation hydrolysis or hydration, generate new hydrated product and emit the process of certain heat.Tricalcium silicate (C 3S) aquation generates hydrated calcium silicate gel (C-S-H) and calcium hydroxide crystal.The speed of this hydration reaction is fast, forms early strength and generates the early water heat-transmission.Dicalcium Phosphate (Feed Grade) (C 2S) aquation generates hydrated calcium silicate gel and calcium hydroxide crystal.The speed of this hydration reaction is slow, and the development of age concrete intensity plays a crucial role to the later stage.Hydration heat discharges slowly.When the content of calcium hydroxide reduces in the product, can generate more hydrated product.Tricalcium aluminate (C 3A) aquation generates the drated calcium aluminate crystal.This hydration reaction speed is exceedingly fast, and discharges a large amount of heats.If do not control the speed of response of tricalcium aluminate, will produce and dodge coagulation phenomena, cement can't normally use.Usually by in cement, being mixed with proper amount of gypsum, can avoid the generation of the problems referred to above.Tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C 4AF) aquation generates drated calcium aluminate crystal and hydrated calcium ferrite gel.The speed of this hydration reaction and hydration heat amount all belong to medium.
3CaO·SiO 2+H 2O→CaO·2SiO 2·3H 2O+Ca(OH) 2
2CaO·SiO 2+H 2O→3CaO·2SiO 2·3H 2O+Ca(OH) 2
3CaO·Al 2O 3+H 2O→3CaO·Al 2O 3·6H 2O
4CaO·Al 2O 3·Fe 2O 3+H 2O→3CaO·Al 2O 3·6H 2O+CaO·Fe 2O 3·H 2O
Gypsum and drated calcium aluminate water generation reaction calcium sulphoaluminate needle-like crystal (ettringite).This crystal indissoluble; be wrapped on the surface of cement clinker; form protective membrane; hinder moisture and enter cement inside, make hydration reaction delay, dodge coagulation phenomena thereby avoided plain cement grog aquation to produce; the hydrated product of cement; 70% is hydrated calcium silicate gel, and 20% is calcium hydroxide, drated calcium aluminate, hydrated calcium ferrite, aquation calcium sulphoaluminate.
Step 2, in sand-cement slurry, drop into mineral admixture (being slag powders and flyash), mix 30s, the Ca (OH) that makes slag powders and flyash carry out the activity excitation reaction and separate out with hydrated cementitious 2The reaction of generation secondary hydration, its main ingredient of slag powders is calcium oxide, silicon oxide and aluminum oxide, accounts for more than 95% of total amount altogether, it has higher lateral reactivity, under the effect of activity excitant, can generate the gelling material with hydraulicity with hydrate.Mix ground slag powder in concrete, not resemble plain cement so high because of its chemically reactive, so the rheological of initial two hours inner concretes after stirring is easy to control, especially can reduce its slump-loss significantly, highly beneficial to constructing.The ground slag powder particles is spherical, smooth surface densification, its main chemical compositions SiO 2, Al 2O 3, CaO has greater activity, it mixed in the cement active SiO during aquation 2, Al 2O 3With C in the mixture of industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium and the cement 3S, C 2The Ca (OH) that the S aquation produces 2Reaction further forms the hydrated calcium silicate product.As everyone knows, the space of stone is to be filled by sand in the concrete, and the space of sand is filled by cement, flyash, because ground slag powder is also thinner than cement, flyash, so it has filled the space of cement, flyash again, and active SiO in the ground slag powder 2, Al 2O 3With C in the cement 3S, C 2The Ca (OH) that the S aquation produces 2Reaction has increased degree of compactness, and sized particles is piled up, filled and reduced void size, and the microtexture of generation is all much thin than the ortho-water mudstone with pore structure, so just reduces the ion diffusion rate greatly, obtains good resistance to fouling and weather resistance.Singly mix ground slag, do not mix other adulterant, impervious grade can reach P12, freeze-thaw cycle＞D100.The early age strength of concrete (3 days, 7 days) of mixing ground slag is close with portland cement concrete, still owing to the super-refinement of ground slag, has filled the space of cement particle, makes the more closely knit active SiO that adds in the ground slag of concrete 2And Al 2O 3Ca (OH) with the hydrated cementitious generation 2Secondary hydration takes place, produce silicate gel, make silicate gel quantity than how many in the portland cement concrete, so the concrete later strength (28 days, 60 days) of mixing ground slag is than portland cement concrete much higher (compressive strength rate is about 130%), flyash is a kind of pozzolanic materials, and its main chemical compositions has silicon-dioxide, aluminum oxide, Indian red, calcium oxide and sulphur trioxide.In concrete, produce volcanic ash effect, particulate filling effect and interfacial effect, make the porosity of inside concrete reduce the mixture of fine active mineral composition and industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium and the Ca (OH) that hydrated cementitious is separated out 2The reaction of generation secondary hydration has formed the C-S-H gel, is filled in the pore, makes the glue of gelinite empty than improving concrete compaction, intensity and impervious the raising.
Drop into stone in step 3, the sand-cement slurry after carrying out activity excitation, mix 60s stirs to guarantee concrete, makes mineral admixture concrete of the present invention.
The water metering that adds in the above-mentioned steps must be accurate, should take into full account the variation of water content ratio of aggregate, in time adjusts amount of water.
The concrete mix that the present invention adopts mineral admixture to prepare as main concrete consolidating material has good workability and pump-conveying property, and the corresponding reduction of concrete contraction and thermal insulation warming helps the raising of concrete volume stability and weather resistance.Mineral admixture concrete with the inventive method preparation can be widely used in mass concrete engineering, underground works, harbour engineering, road and bridge and general worker China Democratic National Construction Association engineering, concrete of the present invention has compared with prior art increased the utilization ratio of solid waste, utilization ratio is 78%-97%, the utilization ratio of technology is no more than 50% at present, reduce concrete production cost significantly, every side's concrete can reduce by 60 yuan at least.Can reduce cement consumption 160kg/m at least 3, comprehensive utilization solid waste 250-560kg/m 3One ton of cement of every minimizing reduces by 1 ton of CO approximately 2Quantity discharged, the whole nation produced concrete 41690.28 ten thousand sides in 2009, and Beijing produces concrete 2821.26 ten thousand sides, uses the present invention so, and CO can be reduced in the whole nation in 2009 2670.44 ten thousand tons of quantity dischargeds, Beijing can reduce CO 2451.40 ten thousand tons of quantity dischargeds.Find out thus, concrete with the inventive method preparation has improved the concrete quality performance, because the reduction of cement consumption, big volume utilizes solid waste, not only reduced concrete cost, also reduced CO2 emissions, help the Sustainable development of energy-conservation, reduction of discharging, consumption reduction and environment, the present invention has also fully utilized industrial residue, turns waste into wealth, alleviate carrying capacity of environment, its economic benefit and obvious social benefit, current in the conservation-minded society that emphasizes energetically, this mode is to be worth advocating energetically.
In the present invention, if not refer in particular to, all parts, amount are the weight unit based on gross weight, and all raw materials all can be buied from market.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, concrete strength development broken line graph
Fig. 2, concrete strength development histogram
Below further specify the present invention by specific embodiment, but embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention, can not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment
Select for use water-cement ratio to be respectively 0.50,0.40,0.30,0.25, water consumption is controlled at 150-160kg/m 3The ratio of flyash and slag powders is 2: 3 in the mineral admixture; Ordinary Portland cement is with the mixture of industrial gypsum and the industrial sulphuric acid sodium activity excitant as mineral admixture, and cement consumption is 10-100kg/m 3, the ratio of gypsum and sodium sulfate is 2: 1; Admixture is that naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent and crude anthracene are the sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent, and the two ratio is 2: 1.Concrete mix sees Table proportioning 1-12 in 1.For comparing, special preparation activity excitant, and the proportioning of application naphthalene water reducer commonly used see Table proportioning 13-24 in 1.Carry out concrete mix workability, 1d, 3d, 7d, 28d, 60d, 120d compressive strength test in the length of time.
Table 1 concrete mix kg/m 3
Figure BSA00000361544100141
Adopt the concrete of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive preparation as can be seen from Table 1, add dosage more than 30% than not saved at least with the concrete of exciting agent of the present invention and compound additive preparation.
The emptying time test-results of the concrete mix slump, divergence and inversion slump cone sees Table 2.
Table 2 concrete mix workability test-results
Figure BSA00000361544100142
As can be seen from Table 2:
(1) concrete workability: the slump of fresh concrete that adopts the preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive is in the scope of 220-240mm, and divergence illustrates that all greater than 500mm concrete flowability is very good.And do not adopt the slump, the divergence of fresh concrete of activity excitant and compound additive preparation all less better.
(2) concrete cohesiveness: with the emptying time of inverted orifice tube test concrete mix, the fresh concrete of preparation that adopts activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive is all within 10 seconds, illustrate concrete mix not bleeding, not thickness, do not harden, the concrete mix pumpability can be good.And the fresh concrete that does not adopt the preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive obviously differs more.
Adopt the compressive strength test in concrete each length of time of the preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive to the results are shown in Table 3, strength development changes sees Fig. 1, Fig. 2.Do not adopt the concrete strength test of the preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive to the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 concrete strength test is Mpa as a result
The length of time 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1d / 1.8 2.8 0.7 2.4 3.1 2.6 4.1 4.6 3.8 5.0 5.7
3d 9.9 12.0 13.1 14.9 15.2 17.5 21.1 28.3 35.2 25.8 33.2 40.3
7d 13.6 19.3 19.7 22.8 24.7 28.2 32.8 37.2 41.9 36.6 42.0 51.9
28d 19.6 26.6 30.8 27.9 35.3 39.9 39.7 45.9 52.2 47.9 56.4 63.8
60d 22.8 33.1 38.1 35.1 42.4 48.8 47.5 51.8 58.9 56.4 61.8 70.6
90d 24.5 34.3 40.6 36.9 43.4 51.1 50.4 53.4 60.4 58.6 64.0 73.8
120d 27.3 36.0 42.4 39.0 44.4 52.1 51.9 55.7 61.6 60.3 65.9 74.1
The length of time 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1d / / / / / / / / 1.7 / 2.2 2.9
3d 7.0 8.4 9.2 10.5 10.7 12.2 15.0 19.8 24.1 17.9 22.9 28.0
7d 9.9 14.0 14.2 16.4 17.7 20.4 23.6 27.1 30.5 26.4 30.8 38.2
28d 15.0 20.5 22.7 20.5 26.2 30.7 29.5 34.3 39.2 35.8 42.3 48.4
60d 18.2 27.8 32.1 29.5 35.9 41.4 40.3 44.0 50.2 48.0 52.7 60.4
90d 21.6 29.7 35.9 32.3 39.5 45.5 45.8 48.5 54.9 51.3 56.2 65.1
120d 24.1 31.2 38.5 35.5 40.4 47.4 47.2 50.6 56.0 54.8 59.9 67.4
Adopt the concrete strength of the preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive to develop as follows than clear regularity:
(1) the early stage 1d intensity of concrete is all less than 6Mpa, helps controlling concrete early crack, particularly water-cement ratio and is 0.25 high-strength concrete and show remarkable advantages.
(2) concrete 3d, 7d gain in strength are very fast, do not influence the striking time after the concrete placement.
(3) concrete 28d intensity is compared obviously on the low side with the normal concrete of the same water-cement ratio of routine.For example: conventional normal concrete 0.50 water-cement ratio can satisfy C30 examination and join requirement of strength, and small amount of cement can only satisfy the C20 examination as the mineral admixture concrete of exciting agent and joins requirement of strength.
(4) it is more that concrete 60d intensity is compared growth with 28d, and its clear regularity is when the 60d strength assessment, and 0.50 water-cement ratio mineral admixture concrete can satisfy the C30 examination and join requirement of strength; 0.40 can satisfying the C40 examination, water-cement ratio mineral admixture concrete joins requirement of strength; 0.30 can satisfying the C50 examination, water-cement ratio mineral admixture concrete joins requirement of strength; 0.25 can satisfying the C60 examination, water-cement ratio mineral admixture concrete joins requirement of strength.So it is the mineral admixture concrete is specially adapted to the concrete of 60d later strength evaluation,, highly beneficial to reducing the concrete thermal insulation warming as the sole plate mass concrete.
(5) gain in strength is slow relatively after the concrete 60d, and 90d shows more obviously later on.
Do not adopt the concrete strength rule of development of preparation of activity excitant of the present invention and compound additive as follows:
The early stage 1d intensity of concrete is very little, does not have intensity substantially.Later strength is all smaller with adopting activity excitant of the present invention to compare with the concrete strength of the preparation of compound additive, 3d, and 7d intensity is little by about 30%; 28d intensity is little by about 25%; 60d intensity is little by about 16%; 90d, 120d intensity is little by about 10%.

Claims (9)

1. mineral admixture concrete, formulated by weight percentage by following composition:
Cement 10-100kg/m 3Adulterant 250-500kg/m 3
Industrial gypsum 14-40kg/m 3Industrial sulphuric acid sodium 6-20kg/m 3
Sand 590-850kg/m 3Stone 900-1100kg/m 3
Naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent 2.3-5.9kg/m 3
Crude anthracene is sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent 1.2-2.2kg/m 3
Water 150-160kg/m 3
2. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 1, formulated by weight percentage by following composition:
Cement 30kg/m 3Adulterant 487kg/m 3
Industrial gypsum 31kg/m 3Industrial sulphuric acid sodium 15.5kg/m 3
Sand 594kg/m 3Stone 1056kg/m 3
Naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent 4.1kg/m 3
Crude anthracene is sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent 2.1kg/m 3
Water 155kg/m 3
3. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described adulterant is the mixture of slag powders and flyash, and the ratio of flyash and slag powders is 2: 3.
4. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described cement is 42.5 ordinary Portland cements, and the ratio of gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium is 4-1: 1.
5. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 4, the ratio that it is characterized in that described gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium is 2: 1.
6. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent and crude anthracene are the compound use of sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent, and the two ratio is 4-1: 1.
7. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde condensation compound high efficiency water reducing agent and crude anthracene are the compound use of sulfonate high efficiency water reducing agent, and the two ratio is 2: 1.
8. mineral admixture concrete as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that described sand is the good medium sand of grating, and stone is the rubble of 5-25mm continuous grading.
9. the concrete preparation method of mineral admixture as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) mixture, admixture, the water with sand, cement, industrial gypsum and industrial sulphuric acid sodium drops into mixing machine, and mix 30s becomes sand-cement slurry.
(2) drop into slag powders and flyash in sand-cement slurry, mix 30s makes slag powders and flyash carry out the activity excitation reaction, and the Ca (OH) that separates out with hydrated cementitious 2The reaction of generation secondary hydration.
(3) drop into stone in the sand-cement slurry after carrying out activity excitation, mix 60s stirs, and makes the mineral admixture concrete.
CN2010105605233A 2010-11-26 2010-11-26 Mineral admixture concrete Expired - Fee Related CN102070317B (en)

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CN103821381A (en) * 2014-01-13 2014-05-28 邓浣尘 Building renovation process for melting used and new concrete
CN105130313A (en) * 2015-06-30 2015-12-09 江苏中技新型建材有限公司 Production method of aerated concrete building block with low cost and high properties
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CN109987903A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-07-09 中交二公局东萌工程有限公司 A kind of blast-furnace cinder powder concrete applied on highway
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CN102531501A (en) * 2012-01-09 2012-07-04 山西省交通科学研究院 High-doping-amount fly ash concrete road surface material and preparation method thereof
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CN106747186A (en) * 2016-12-05 2017-05-31 同济大学 A kind of Kerb of concrete prepared with ardealite base hydraulicity composite gel material and preparation method thereof
CN107382214A (en) * 2017-08-29 2017-11-24 北京铁建永泰新型建材有限公司昌平分公司 A kind of concrete mix for the mass concrete construction of phase in autumn and its construction method for pouring wall
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CN109987903A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-07-09 中交二公局东萌工程有限公司 A kind of blast-furnace cinder powder concrete applied on highway
CN110606719A (en) * 2019-10-28 2019-12-24 安徽理工大学 Alkali-activated slag concrete and preparation process thereof

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