A kind of desulfurizing agent and production method thereof that is composited by industrial produced wastes
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of desulfurizing agent and production method thereof, particularly relate to a kind of desulfurizing agent and production method thereof that is composited by industrial produced wastes.Be used for reducing the discharging of the sulfur dioxide of coal-fired process.
Background technology
Coal is the main energy sources of China, owing to contain organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur in the coal, produces SO in combustion process
2, the ecological environment that the mankind are depended on for existence causes serious harm.China has sent the call of " energy-saving and emission-reduction " in the works at Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and the toxic emission of electric power enterprise is the key monitoring object.According to China's national conditions of present stage, be pollution abatement, at first be to adopt corresponding management means, promptly impose charges for disposing pollutants and restriction gross contamination emission; Encourage enterprise to reduce the cost of smoke gas treatment energetically simultaneously, promptly adopt low-cost desulfurizing agent and ease of Use system, so also can reduce desulphurization system capital construction cost and operating cost.
The desulfurization method of domestic main application at present has the washing desulfurization before the burning, direct desulfurization in the burning, burning back flue gas desulfurization.The former is lower because of removal efficiency, can not satisfy strict further environmental requirement; The latter has solved the problem of desulfuration efficiency and environmental protection, and development is all comparatively ripe with application, but its expensive equipment investment and operating cost have greatly limited its extensive use (just starting desulphurization plant in the part period behind many enterprises installation and operation).Therefore, at the situation that coal in China is utilized, desulfurization has very practical using value in the burning.This technology is to add certain desulfurizing agent the gaseous sulphide of coal generation when burning or gasification is absorbed in stove in coal, or the remaining sulfide desulfurizing agent interior with just entering stove contacts and be absorbed in the gas phase, discharges SO in the gas thereby make
2Content reduces, and it has, and sulfur removal technology is simple, and the advantages such as little, small investment that take up room are suitable for the transformation to existing boiler, can realize that investment cost, operating cost get obviously reduction, are specially adapted to the sulfur removal technology of the CFBB of electric power enterprise.Representative as desulfur technology in the burning, recirculating fluidized bed (Circulating fluidized-bed, CFB) combustion technology, because of its distinctive flow dynamic characteristic, burning and heat-transfer character, architectural characteristic, desulphurization denitration characteristic etc., developed into the mainstream technology in a new generation efficient, oligosaprobic clean burning field.It is wide that it has fuel tolerance, the efficiency of combustion height, and load regulation range is big; Outstanding advantages such as low equipment investment (when reality is used, need increasing dehydration and former), floor space is little, energy consumption is low, simple to operate, water pollution-free, residing time in furnace are long, and discharged nitrous oxides is low.But add the CFB boiler that lime stone carries out desulfurization in the existing main employing stove, except the preparation of raw material and use cost are higher, a very big defective that exists is that desulfurized effect is relatively poor, mainly is can decompose once more because of desulfurization product under hot conditions to cause desulfuration efficiency to reduce rapidly.
Therefore, the development efficient desulfurizing agent makes it have reaction rate faster and higher calcium utilization imperative.According to " national medium-term and long-term scientific and technological development outline (2006-2010) " requirement this major fields proposition of environment " first developing application technology as the second resource such as discarded object ", with existing industrial produced wastes---metallurgical slag, debris, can play the discarded object of desulfidation in fuel waste residue and the chemical sludge, calcium base trade waste, as carbide slag, alkaline residue, salt slurry, lime mud etc., with alkaline earth trade waste with certain catalysed promoted desulfidation, as slag, iron-tion slags etc. mix by proper proportion, handle through certain physics chemical, develop low cost, easy to operate, high efficiency desulfurizing agent also makes it to combine with Combustion technology of circulating fluidized, can realize pollution treatment in the burning, the purpose of " treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another ", will the make greater efforts to promote energy-saving and emission-reduction work of enterprise of the enforcement of this technology, for ecological environment is benefited, realize sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of desulfurizing agent and production method thereof that is composited by industrial produced wastes, three kinds of industrial residues of chemical industry, metallurgy and thermoelectric industry are ground, stir, mix, produce a kind of desulfuration efficiency height, cost of material is low, and is easy to use and be applicable to the efficient composite desulfurizer of power plant's CFBB dry desulfurization.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of desulfurizing agent that is composited by industrial produced wastes includes carbide slag, coal ash slag, slag, and the weight percentage of above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials is: calcium carbide ground-slag: 30%~40%; Coal ash slag: 50%~60%; Steel-making slag powder: 10%~5%.
A kind of desulfurizing agent production method that is composited by industrial produced wastes, this method comprises following process:
A. according to chemical composition scope is prepared burden, and CaO selects the carbide slag that contains CaO 〉=60% for use; Al
2O
3Select Al for use
2O
3〉=25% coal ash slag; Fe
2O
3Select Fe for use
2O
3〉=20% slag; SiO
2, ratio accounts for 15%~50% in slag of selecting for use and flyash;
B. with the carbide slag raw material at 80 ℃ of following freeze-day with constant temperature, less than 20%, make circulating fluidized bed dose major ingredient until moisture, be ground into the fine powder below 100 microns;
C. the coal ash ballast screen is told 1mm-2mm scope particle, the slag raw meal is broken into 100 microns fine powder;
D. the raw meal that mixes of coal ash slag that will sieve and grind and steel-making slag powder adds the water of room temperature, and amount of water is determined according to each composition humidity, is the 20%-25% of gross weight, and stirs 20 minutes in agitator;
E. will mix desulfurizing agent after stirring and cool off, put into again 80 ℃ of drying boxes naturally and do freeze-day with constant temperature and handle, till dry materials, at last again through fragmentation, sieve into the material finished product of particle diameter at 1mm~2mm, make the CFBB desulfurizing agent.
Advantage of the present invention and effect are:
1. desulfurized effect of the present invention is good, and desulfuration efficiency is the highest in the time of 850 ℃, reaches 〉=90%, even 1100 ℃~1400 ℃ of high temperature, desulfuration efficiency still can reach 〉=and 80%;
2. desulfurization material cost of the present invention is low, and raw material belongs to industrial produced wastes, and flyash can be gathered materials on the spot, and is all lower from purchase, the cost of transportation of the carbide slag of chemical industry, metallurgy industry and slag;
3. desulfurizing agent processing cost of the present invention is low, expects finished product through processes such as fragmentation, stirring, oven dry from former, and processing equipment is simple, and is simple to operate, and investment and operating cost are lower;
4. sulfur removal technology of the present invention is simple, and production cost is low, does not change under the prerequisite of existing burning process and equipment, is pressed into the desulfurizing agent ratio of the elemental sulfur cubage input of stove coal, after desulfurizing agent and the coal blending, drops into together in the CFB boiler and burns.Facts have proved after the desulfurizing agent input boiler efficiency and blower fan power consumption are not had obvious variation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the chemical composition of desulfurizing agent of the present invention, mainly that desulfidation is Ca (OH)
2, its pH is higher than 12, and alkalescence is very strong; Because carbide slag moisture when decomposes is overflowed and made the CaO of generation that more hole be arranged, activity and specific area are all higher, help gas-solid phase reaction and carry out; In addition, Ca (OH) in the carbide slag
2With about the 400 ℃ CaO that take place to decompose generate all the time all with coal in the SO that discharges
2React, guaranteed the sulfur-fixing rate under the low temperature well.But its addition will be considered the problem of Ca/S mol ratio, can influence combustion position when surpassing 2.5 ratio, reduce caloric value, increase waste residue amount in heat loss and the stove, and also no longer obviously increase of sulfur-fixing rate, therefore the Ca/S mol ratio that is suitable for is between 2.0~2.5.
Iron oxide and sulfur dioxide do not have significant reaction, promptly add Fe
2O
3After be not that iron oxide directly absorbs SO
2Cause desulfuration efficiency to raise, but improved the desulfurization performance of absorbent.At first, catalytic oxidation having taken place in course of reaction, has been adsorbed on Fe
2O
3The O on surface
2With the SO in the flue gas
2Reaction generates SO
3, SO
3Generate CaSO with the CaO reaction
4, can make reaction activity reduce about 30%.Its chemical reaction is:
CaO?+?SO
2+?1/2O
2→CaO?+Fe
2O
3·SO
3→CaSO
4+?Fe
2O
3
Be Fe
2O
3Desulphurization reaction is had stronger catalytic action, thereby improved reaction rate and calcium utilization; Secondly, because Fe
2O
3Except itself having the reunion effect, after CaO mixes, also can dispersion, pore-creating effect be arranged to CaO, improved the pore structure of desulfurizing agent, improved the contact area and the reaction speed of desulfurization reaction, improve desulfuration efficiency greatly; Moreover, Fe
2O
3CaO that can suppress to decomposite under the high temperature and CO
2Reaction generates CaCO
3, impel CaCO
3Decomposition, improve calcium agent utilization rate; At last, Fe
2O
3Can reduce Ca (OH)
2The activation energy of decomposition reaction plays catalytic action to it, simultaneously again to sulfur retention products CaSO
4Play certain stabilization.
The interpolation of aluminium oxide makes to remove in the sulfur retention products CaSO
4Thing mutually outside, also generate compound sulfur retention products calcium-aluminium sulfate CaSO more stable under the high temperature
43CaO3Al
2O
3, effectively alleviate the decomposition of sulfur retention products.Aluminium oxide adds the compound 2CaOA1 mutually of sial sulfate that then can generate new molten state in coal combustion process simultaneously with silica
2O
3SiO
2, energy and CaSO in lime-ash
4The tight symbiosis of crystal invests its surface, be wrapped in effectively calcium sulfate around, suppress CaSO
4Decomposition, thereby improve sulfur-fixing rate.
The magnesia that exists in raw material can play catalytic action to desulfurization reaction when 850 ℃ of left and right sides, this point is similar to iron oxide, but when temperature reached 1000 ℃, the existence of MgO made the sulfur-fixing rate of carbide slag also lower than the sulfur-fixing rate of carbide slag under the same terms.By detecting proof, there is not MgSO4 in the lime-ash behind the desulphurization during combustion, illustrate that just in time MgO directly carries out desulphurization reaction; On the other hand, the adding of MgO reduces effective contact area of sulphur-fixing agent and SO2 reaction, and sulfur-fixing rate is descended, and should get hold of the mixed MgO content of raw material.
By the synergy of above several desulfurizing agents and additive, can improve coal-fired high-temperature fixed sulfur effect, and under the prerequisite that does not increase how many costs, solve the pollution problem of sulfur dioxide.
Embodiment 1:
Desulfurizing agent, its constituent and percentage by weight: calcium carbide ground-slag: 70%; Flyash: 10%; Steel-making slag powder: 20%.These three kinds of raw materials of carbide slag, flyash and slag are broken respectively, grinding, particle diameter is controlled at 80~150 orders, mixing according to the above ratio; Add temperature about 70 ℃ ℃ water, amount of water should be determined according to each composition humidity, is about 1/5 of gross weight, stirs 20 minutes in agitator; Desulfurizing agent after the hydration-treated cools off, puts into 80 ℃ of drying boxes naturally and does the freeze-day with constant temperature processing, till dry materials, pulverizes at last again, is packaged into finished product through after the assay was approved.
Embodiment 2:
Desulfurizing agent, its constituent and percentage by weight: calcium carbide ground-slag: 77%; Flyash: 8%; Steel-making slag powder: 15%.The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3:
Desulfurizing agent, its constituent and percentage by weight: calcium carbide ground-slag: 80%; Flyash: 7%; Steel-making slag powder: 13%.The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4:
Desulfurizing agent, its constituent and percentage by weight: calcium carbide ground-slag: 85%; Flyash: 5%; Steel-making slag powder: 10%.The preparation technology of present embodiment is with embodiment 1.
More than the chemical composition of four embodiment see Table 1.
Table 1(Wt%)
The CFB of power plant boiler of the present invention is with a kind of desulfurizing agent that is composited by industrial produced wastes, the stove coal of going into of getting 125MW CFB boiler is a sample, detects through the laboratory, and the result produces a desired effect, four kinds of embodiment laboratory desulfurization test testing results, concrete data see Table 2.
Table 2