CN102064555B - Chain type STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) chain unit bypass structure with mechanical switch - Google Patents
Chain type STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) chain unit bypass structure with mechanical switch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a chain type STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) chain unit bypass structure with a mechanical switch, which is characterized in that a specially designed mechanical switch is selected as a bypass circuit of a chain unit to replace a power electronic device, and the circuit has the advantages of simple structure, small selected element amount and convenience for installation and operation and supplies reliable protection for the whole chain unit, thereby realizing the redundancy function of a chain, avoiding frequent quitting of an STATCOM device, caused by a chain fault, and solving the problems of difficult type selection of a large-capacity switch device, difficult acquisition of a control power supply of the switch device and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Electrical Power System Dynamic reactive power compensation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of chain type STATCOM bypass structure of chain link unit that adopts mechanical switch.
Background technology
STATCOM-STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) for transmission system, it is a kind of novel static Reactive Compensation Device, voltage source converter by connecting system in parallel forms, and the capacitive of its output or perceptual reactive current are continuous, adjustable and be independent of the voltage with system tie point.At present, the main circuit of STATCOM mainly comprises three kinds of structures, i.e. multiple inverter configuration, many level structure and chain structure.
Multiple inverter configuration be take Three-phase high-power voltage source converter as core, direct voltage on capacitor produces the square-wave voltage of the some degree of phase phasic difference by inversion, through the electromagnetic coupled effect of multiplex transformer, at output, produce three-phase staircase voltage, to reduce output harmonic wave.The shortcoming existing is: (1) three-phase shares a direct voltage and supports, and cannot divide phase control; (2) adopt turn-off device connection in series-parallel to improve voltage and capacity, produce all pressure and all flow problem; (3) multiplex transformer loss is large, floor space is large.
Many level structure is the many level structure that adopts clamping diode or clamping capacitance to form, can be when reducing series connection capacity increasing, and optimize harmonic characterisitic.Comprise many level of diode clamp structure, many level of striding capacitance structure, basic full-bridge cascaded multilevel structure etc.This structure also has certain shortcoming: (1) is difficult to realize capacitance voltage balance and controls; (2) switching frequency increases, and switching loss increases, Efficiency Decreasing; (3) need a plurality of independently DC power supply.
The main circuit of chain type STATCOM is a kind of novel topological structure, the core of its main circuit is the voltage source converter of chain type (series connection of H bridge) structure, each is all an independently chain mutually, by N the identical elementary cell of structure, be in series, each elementary cell is the single-phase bridge voltage source converter of exportable three level, and N elementary cell series connection can obtain the stepped voltage waveform of 2N+1 level.Along with the increase of H bridge quantity, the aberration rate of output voltage is also obviously improved; And along with the increase of H bridge quantity, the capacity of device also increases accordingly.
Chain type STATCOM device three-phase change of current chain is that the link units by a plurality of same structures is in series, in order to improve the reliability of STATCOM device, reduce device frequent switching, according to the standard Q/GDW241-2008 of Guo Wang incorporated business regulation, chain type STATCOM should at least arrange a redundancy chain link.Be less than while equaling redundancy number chain link fault, fault chain link should be by auto by pass, and device is at the follow-up reforwarding row of fault chain link bypass; When surpassing redundancy number chain link fault, device should be out of service.Therefore, each link units is wanted simplicity of design, economy, reliable bypass circuit, for whole link units provides protection, realizes redundancy feature simultaneously.
Bypass circuit is for realizing the protection to whole chain link, and basic mode is anti-parallel thyristor structure.When the output of device compensating reactive power, the high-frequency producing in link units H bridge switch process, the pulse voltage of high dv/dt very easily cause misleading of thyristor, adopt common RC absorbing circuit also cannot deal with problems.
Bypass circuit also can adopt the mode of diode rectification order thyristor bypass.Thyristor is furnished with capacitance-resistance snubber loop, prevents the damage to device of excessive dv/dt and too high reverse recovery voltage.Bypass circuit DC side is connected with the isolation resistance of voltage source converter DC side by 10k Ω level, and fixed potential, inhibition office prevent the interference to thyristor when putting.Chain type STATCOM device output voltage is high, electric current is large, according to the manufacture level of current thyristor, is difficult to find the thyristor module of the square encapsulation that meets electric parameter requirement; If choose the thyristor module of round pie encapsulation, need the extra auxiliary equipment such as heat radiation, mounting fixing parts that increase, cause bulkyly, be not easy to installation, be also unfavorable for the compact designed of module; And thyristor is uncontrollable device, once can not controlling it, conducting turn-offs, at zero crossing, naturally turn-off, can not maintain conducting state.
The bypass structure that bypass circuit can also adopt the IGBT device of two differential concatenations to form.When break down in link units inside, block H bridge circuit, open bypass IGBT simultaneously, in this process, there will be impulse current and voltage, the ability that IGBT device withstands shocks is more weak, be easy to because withstand shocks electric current and voltage damage, and control power supply is also not easy to obtain.
Summary of the invention
The present invention adopts the bypass circuit of a kind of novel bypass structure-consist of mechanical switch, compares with other bypass structure, and this circuit has obvious advantage: circuit structure is simple, and fitting operation is convenient, selects element few.A kind of chain static synchronous compensator STATCOM bypass structure of chain link unit that adopts mechanical switch that the present invention proposes, it is characterized in that, STATCOM STATCOM main circuit adopts the chain structure of H bridge cascade, and forms bypass structure of chain link unit by mechanical switch, wherein
Chain type STATCOM device three-phase change of current chain is that the link units by a plurality of same structures is in series, and comprises chain type voltage source converter, linked reactor, master controller, lightning arrester, current sensing and cooling system;
Described voltage source converter, realizes commutation by turn-off device, and DC side energy-storage travelling wave tube is for adopting the converter of capacitor;
The effect of described linked reactor is to leach the higher harmonic current that change of current chain produces, and realizes the energy exchange between chain type STATCOM and system;
Described controller is used for controlling operation and the operation of chain type STATCOM device;
Described lightning arrester and the use in parallel of change of current chain two ends, for realizing the overvoltage protection of change of current chain;
Described current sensing is series at change of current chain, for current detecting;
Described cooling system is for realizing the cooling of change of current chain;
Described mechanical switch is designed to exchange, the structure of indoor, single-phase operation, mainly comprise turnover line end (electric conductor), vacuum switch tube, insulating supporting, insulated tension pole, magnetic actuator and controller etc., according to the control strategy of device, mechanical switch is to carry out breaking-closing operating under the condition of device locking no-output electric current, therefore, mechanical switch does not need arc extinguishing ability, vacuum switch tube can not need special arc control device, greatly reduced the volume of mechanical switch, be convenient to chain type STATCOM device and realize densification;
Wherein, described mechanical switch adopts Direct Action Type to be arranged vertically, thereby reduces mechanical transfer link to improve the closing speed of switch, when link units breaks down, mechanical switch can quick-make, reduces device because of chain link fault blocking time, thereby reduces the impact on system;
Wherein, described mechanical switch is automatic divide-shut brake, and dispose manual brake separating operation, adopt magnetic actuator, electromagnetism actuating, permanent magnetism keeps, and machinery-free keeps and trip gear, concrete operation method is: control power supply and first by power module, to capacitor, charge, make it store enough energy; When needs carry out mechanical switch operation, controller sends pulse-triggered switching device, and switching device is opened and formed loop, and capacitor is just to the solenoid electric discharge of magnetic actuator, and the charged rear drive vacuum tube of coil divides, closing operation;
Wherein, the link units consisting of mechanical switch mainly comprises: DC capacitor, H bridge circuit, discharge circuit and bypass circuit;
Described DC capacitor plays voltage support effect, and as the input power of getting energy power supply;
Described H bridge circuit is the core circuit of link units, according to controller instruction output bucking voltage;
Described discharge circuit is mainly used in as dc-link capacitance provides overvoltage protection, DC capacitor electric discharge while promptly and normally exiting; Main circuit is in series with discharge resistance Rd by discharge IGBT (Qd), and after DC bus-bar voltage surpasses the threshold value of adjusting, discharge IGBT conducting, discharges to dc-link capacitance by discharge resistance;
Described bypass circuit provides protection for whole chain link, and when link units is normally moved, H bridge circuit is devoted oneself to work, and bypass circuit is out of service; When the inner generation of link units specific fault, signal reporting is to master controller, and master controller is given an order through judgement, blocks H bridge circuit, and bypass circuit is open-minded simultaneously, and output current is transferred to bypass segment, realizes fault chain link exit function.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Avoid device frequently to exit;
Bypass circuit is simple in structure, and fitting operation is convenient;
Switch is without arc-control device, and volume is little;
Switch closing speed is fast, reduces systematic influence;
Circuit element is few, is convenient to device and realizes densification.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is chain structure STATCOM and output waveform figure.
Fig. 2 is three-phase change of current chain and single chain link schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is anti-parallel thyristor bypass circuit figure.
Fig. 4 is rectification bridge joint thyristor bypass circuit figure.
Fig. 5 is differential concatenation IGBT bypass circuit figure.
Fig. 6 is mechanical switch bypass circuit figure.
Fig. 7 is link units internal main circuit diagram.
Fig. 8 is mechanical switch structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 9 is bypass structure control flow chart.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, it is the STATCOM device of the chain structure that is composed in series by H bridge for the structure of chain type STATCOM and output waveform, and this device, except having the general characteristic of many level current transformers, also has following features:
(1) without clamp diode or clamp capacitor, for same level number, required device is minimum, is easy to encapsulation;
(2) easily realize very high ac output voltage, fundamentally saved multiplex transformer, in large-scale FACTS equipment, there is good application prospect;
(3) building form based on the cascade of low pressure low capacity converter, technology maturation, has avoided the series connection of device, is easy to modularization, is easy to realize compact structural design.
The output voltage of change of current chain be N H bridge output voltage and:
v
s=v
k1+v
k2+…+v
kN
The quantity of the Cascade H bridge that in formula, N is each phase.
Chain type STATCOM is connected in electric power system, by the collection of system voltage and the magnitude of current and detection, calculates target compensation rate, then by controlling amplitude and the phase angle of change of current chain output voltage, exports idle accordingly.
Three-phase change of current chain and single chain link schematic diagram are as shown in Figure 2, change of current chain is comprised of the Cascade H bridge voltage source converter of three-phase corner connection, device is by linked reactor connecting system in parallel, and the amplitude by control device output voltage and phase angle are realized the exchange of active power and reactive power between chain type STATCOM and system.In order to improve the reliability of chain type STATCOM device, reduce the impact of link units fault on system, each link units will arrange simple, reliable, economic bypass circuit, for whole link units provides protection.
Bypass circuit requires operation to have rapidity, and through-current capability is had relatively high expectations, and generally will select the bypass means based on power electronic device.The simplest mode is anti-parallel thyristor structure, as shown in Figure 3, and easily logical and damage by mistake of thyristor in this structure; Also can adopt the mode of two IGBT differential concatenations, as shown in Figure 5, will select high pressure, jumbo IGBT device in this mode, cost is higher; Can also adopt through diode rectification and connect thyristor mode, as shown in Figure 4, thyristor is furnished with capacitance-resistance snubber loop, prevents the damage to device of excessive dv/dt and too high reverse recovery voltage.Bypass circuit DC side is connected with the isolation resistance of voltage source converter DC side by 10k Ω level, and fixed potential, inhibition office prevent the interference to thyristor when putting.Chain type STATCOM device output voltage is high, electric current is large, according to the manufacture level of current thyristor, is difficult to find the thyristor module of the square encapsulation that meets electric parameter requirement; If choose the thyristor module of round pie encapsulation, need the extra auxiliary equipment such as heat radiation, mounting fixing parts that increase, cause bulkyly, be not easy to installation, be also unfavorable for the compact designed of module; And thyristor is uncontrollable device, once can not controlling it, conducting turn-offs, at zero crossing, naturally turn-off, can not maintain conducting state.
In sum, adopt the bypass circuit consisting of mechanical switch in the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, compare with above several bypass modes, this circuit structure is simple, selects element few, and cost is lower.At present, available mechanical switch mainly contains isolating switch, on-load switch, circuit breaker etc.Isolating switch is mainly used for insulating power supply, forms obvious cut-off point, guarantees maintenance safety, there is no special arc-control device, can only the very little electric current of break-make, and general manual operation; On-load switch is the electrical equipment of a kind of function between isolating switch and circuit breaker, has simple arc-control device, certain load current and the overload electric current of energy break-make, but volume is larger; Circuit breaker has special arc-control device, and energy break-make load current and short circuit current, have electromagnetic operating mechanism, can automatically control divide-shut brake, but operate time is longer, and volume is also larger, is unfavorable for the compact designed of link units.Therefore, need to design a kind of simple in structure, easy for installation, volume is little, the mechanical switch of single-phase operation is as the bypass circuit of link units.
Mechanical switch is designed to exchange, the structure of indoor, single-phase operation, its structural representation as shown in Figure 8, is mainly comprised of end of incoming cables (employing electric conductor) 1, leading-out terminal (employing electric conductor) 2, vacuum switch tube 3, insulating supporting 4, insulated tension pole 5, magnetic actuator 6 and control loop 7 etc.Into and out of line end 1,2 and vacuum switch tube 3, form the major loop part of switches, magnetic actuator 6 and control loop 7 be as control loop and the subsidiary loop of this mechanical switch, the discharging and recharging of control coil, thus control the breaking-closing operating of mechanical switch.According to the control strategy of device, mechanical switch is to carry out breaking-closing operating under the condition of device locking no-output electric current, therefore, mechanical switch does not need arc extinguishing ability, vacuum switch tube can not need special arc control device, greatly reduced the volume of mechanical switch, be convenient to chain type STATCOM device and realize densification.
Mechanical switch adopts Direct Action Type to be arranged vertically, and can reduce to greatest extent mechanical transfer link to improve the closing speed of switch.When link units breaks down, mechanical switch can quick-make, reduces device because of chain link fault blocking time, thereby reduces the impact on system.
Mechanical switch is automatic divide-shut brake, and disposes manual brake separating operation, adopts magnetic actuator, electromagnetism actuating, permanent magnetism keeps, and machinery-free keeps and trip gear, concrete operation method is: control power supply and first by power module, to capacitor, charge, make it store enough energy; When needs carry out mechanical switch operation, master controller sends switching signal to the cell controller of each link units, cell controller sends switching signal to the control loop of bypass circuit in this link units again, the switch combined floodgate junction closure of control loop, closing circuit conducting, capacitor is just to the solenoid electric discharge of magnetic actuator, and the charged rear drive vacuum tube of coil carries out closing operation;
Magnetic actuator consists of permanent magnet 8, moving iron core 9 and closing coil 10, and during normal operation, the service position of magnetic actuator is open position.During combined floodgate, closing coil passes through electric current, the magnetic field producing has increased the magnetic field intensity of magnetic circuit below, by the magnetic line of force of air gap below, increase, the suction that lower end moving unshakable in one's determination is produced increases, by main shaft, pull bar, act on vacuum switch tube contact, make vacuum switch tube contact become closing position from open position.When moving arrival unshakable in one's determination final position, by control loop, make closing coil no longer include electric current and pass through.Control loop adopts prior art known in those skilled in the art.
The bypass circuit chain link internal main circuit consisting of mechanical switch as shown in Figure 7, mainly comprises DC capacitor, H bridge circuit, discharge circuit, bypass circuit, gets energy power supply, drive circuit and cell controller.H bridge circuit, DC capacitor, discharge circuit and get can power supply parallel with one another, H bridge circuit comprises two brachium pontis parallel with one another, the mid point of two brachium pontis is as the ac output end of this link units, between ac output end, be parallel with a bypass circuit, get and can power supply resulting control power supply be offered to cell controller and drive circuit, cell controller is respectively to H bridge circuit, DC capacitor, discharge circuit, bypass circuit with get and can power supply control, and drive circuit drives the IGBT device in H bridge circuit and the IGBT device in discharge circuit.Described H bridge circuit comprises two brachium pontis that are in parallel, each brachium pontis is by upper, lower two power electronic elements are in series, each power electronic element is flowed to and is formed in parallel by counter current by high-power IGBT device and diode, the upper end of two brachium pontis is connected with the positive pole of DC capacitor C, two brachium pontis lower ends are connected with the negative pole of DC capacitor C, the mid point of two brachium pontis is as the ac output end of this chain link, between ac output end, after a bypass circuit in parallel, be connected from beginning to end with the interchange end of adjacent link unit again, in figure, U is the output of the left brachium pontis in adjacent link unit, V is the output of the right brachium pontis in adjacent link unit, discharge circuit comprises IGBT device Qd, discharge resistance Rd, diode and two resistance R 1 and R2, after IGBT device is in series with discharge resistance, carries out parallel connection with two resistance of mutually connecting, and diodes in parallel is at the two ends of discharge resistance.Described cell controller adopts single-chip microcomputer.
DC capacitor plays voltage support effect, and as the input power of getting energy power supply.
H bridge circuit is the core circuit of link units, according to controller instruction output bucking voltage.
Discharge circuit is mainly used in as dc-link capacitance provides overvoltage protection, DC capacitor electric discharge while promptly and normally exiting; Main circuit is in series with discharge resistance Rd by discharge IGBT (Qd), and after DC bus-bar voltage surpasses the threshold value of adjusting, discharge IGBT conducting, discharges to dc-link capacitance by discharge resistance; Clamp resistance R 1 and R2 are also installed in this chain link, can when discharge circuit is deactivated, as auxiliary discharge resistance, realize the abundant electric discharge to DC capacitor.
Cell controller is responsible for accepting and carrying out the order that master controller issues, and the state of power model inside is uploaded to master controller, and power model is controlled, monitored and protects.
Drive circuit is used for driving triggering IGBT device, and circuit, under higher changing electric field environment, has higher requirements to the antijamming capability of signal.Signal is connected with interface board by optical fiber, and optical fiber connected mode can guarantee the electrical isolation between interface board and drive circuit, can solve the interference problem in signal conductive process.
Bypass circuit provides protection for whole chain link, and when link units is normally moved, H bridge circuit is devoted oneself to work, and bypass circuit is out of service; When the inner generation of link units specific fault, signal reporting is to master controller, and master controller is given an order through judgement, blocks H bridge circuit, and bypass circuit is open-minded simultaneously, and output current is transferred to bypass segment, realizes fault chain link exit function.
Link units is when normal operation, and bypass circuit is out of service, and mechanical switch is in stand-by state; When link units is inner, there is specific fault, and can only exit fault chain link by bypass redundant fashion, in the situation that device still can work, just consider bypass fault chain link, be switched to bypass circuit.The condition of switching comprises: direct voltage is too high, direct current is under-voltage, discharge resistance is overheated, discharge IGBT is opened fault, discharge IGBT is turn-offed fault, H bridge IGBT excess Temperature, 2 road direct currents are got can power failure, discharge IGBT is opened number of times transfinites etc.Its bypass structure control flow as shown in Figure 9.
Concrete control mode is:
1), when cell controller detects device link units inside and breaks down, block fault chain link H bridge unit all IGBT trigger impulses ,Bing Jiang chain link unit fault type and report master controller;
2) after master controller receives the fault-signal reporting, issue control command, block all link units IGBT trigger impulses of three-phase;
3) master controller judges, sees whether each phase bypass chain number is less than redundancy chain number;
4) if do not met the demands, sub-main break road device, link units is discharged, and installs out of service;
5) if met the demands, closed fault chain link mechanical switch, opens bypass circuit, reads mechanical switch position signal, and starts record ripple;
6) after bypass success, adjust control command, all chain link trigger impulses of release three-phase, re-issue pwm signal, start change of current chain, and device puts into operation again, complete bypass changeover operation.
Because mechanical switch keeps with permanent magnetism, once bypass success, even if control power supply power-fail, mechanical switch also there will not be the situation of disconnection.
In some cases, although be link units fault, a whole set of STATCOM device is out of service, and these faults comprise:
1) 3 road direct currents are got the whole faults of energy power supply;
2) H bridge IGBT short trouble;
3) the under-voltage fault of H bridge IGBT driving power;
4) chain link communication failure;
5) bypass failure;
6) under bypass condition, direct voltage is on the rise;
7) cell controller is restarted number of times transfinites.
Mainly consider that these several faults likely cause IGBT to damage, or link units lost monitoring completely, or cannot enter bypass condition, thereby be necessary that STATCOM device comes into operation in the situation that ascertaining the reason again.
Claims (4)
1. a chain static synchronous compensator STATCOM bypass structure of chain link unit that adopts mechanical switch, is characterized in that, STATCOM STATCOM main circuit adopts the chain structure of H bridge cascade, and forms bypass structure of chain link unit by mechanical switch, wherein
Chain type STATCOM device comprises change of current chain, linked reactor, master controller, lightning arrester, current sensing and cooling system, and wherein, chain type STATCOM device change of current chain is that the link units by a plurality of same structures is in series;
Described link units, realizes commutation by turn-off device, and DC side energy-storage travelling wave tube is for adopting the converter of capacitor;
The effect of described linked reactor is to leach the higher harmonic current that change of current chain produces, and realizes the energy exchange between chain type STATCOM and system;
Described controller is used for controlling operation and the operation of chain type STATCOM device;
Described lightning arrester and the use in parallel of change of current chain two ends, for realizing the overvoltage protection of change of current chain;
Described current sensing is series at change of current chain, for current detecting;
Described cooling system is for realizing the cooling of change of current chain;
Described mechanical switch is designed to exchange, the structure of indoor, single-phase operation, mainly comprise turnover line end, vacuum switch tube, insulating supporting, insulated tension pole, magnetic actuator and control loop etc., according to the control strategy of device, mechanical switch is to carry out breaking-closing operating under the condition of device locking no-output electric current, therefore, mechanical switch does not need arc extinguishing ability, vacuum switch tube can not need special arc control device, greatly reduced the volume of mechanical switch, be convenient to chain type STATCOM device and realize densification.
2. structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
Described mechanical switch adopts Direct Action Type to be arranged vertically, thereby reduce mechanical transfer link to improve the closing speed of switch, when link units breaks down, mechanical switch can quick-make, reduce device because of chain link fault blocking time, thereby reduce the impact on system.
3. structure as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that
Described mechanical switch is automatic divide-shut brake, and disposes manual brake separating operation, adopts magnetic actuator, electromagnetism actuating, permanent magnetism keeps, and machinery-free keeps and trip gear, concrete operation method is: control power supply and first by power module, to capacitor, charge, make it store enough energy; When needs carry out mechanical switch operation, controller sends switching signal, the switch combined floodgate junction closure of control loop, and closing circuit conducting, capacitor is just to the solenoid electric discharge of magnetic actuator, and the charged rear drive vacuum tube of coil carries out closing operation;
Described magnetic actuator consists of permanent magnet, moving iron core and closing coil, and during normal operation, the service position of magnetic actuator is open position; During combined floodgate, closing coil passes through electric current, the magnetic field producing has increased the magnetic field intensity of magnetic circuit below, by the magnetic line of force of air gap below, increase, the suction that lower end moving unshakable in one's determination is produced increases, by main shaft, pull bar, act on vacuum switch tube contact, make vacuum switch tube contact become closing position from open position; When moving arrival unshakable in one's determination final position, by control loop, make closing coil no longer include electric current and pass through.
4. structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that
The link units consisting of mechanical switch mainly comprises: DC capacitor, H bridge circuit, discharge circuit, bypass circuit, getting can power supply, drive circuit and cell controller;
Described DC capacitor plays voltage support effect, and as the input power of getting energy power supply;
Described H bridge circuit is the core circuit of link units, according to controller instruction output bucking voltage;
Described discharge circuit is mainly used in as dc-link capacitance provides overvoltage protection, DC capacitor electric discharge while promptly and normally exiting; Main circuit is in series by discharge IGBT and discharge resistance, and after DC bus-bar voltage surpasses the threshold value of adjusting, discharge IGBT conducting, discharges to dc-link capacitance by discharge resistance;
Described bypass circuit provides protection for whole chain link, and when link units is normally moved, H bridge circuit is devoted oneself to work, and bypass circuit is out of service; When the inner generation of link units specific fault, signal reporting is to master controller, and master controller is given an order through judgement, blocks H bridge circuit, and bypass circuit is open-minded simultaneously, and output current is transferred to bypass segment, realizes fault chain link exit function.
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