CN102062181B

CN102062181B - Automatic speed changer

Info

Publication number: CN102062181B
Application number: CN 201110003967
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭兆丰
Original assignee: ZHEJIANG HAITIAN MACHINERY CO Ltd
Current assignee: ZHEJIANG HAITIAN MACHINERY CO Ltd
Priority date: 2011-01-11
Filing date: 2011-01-11
Publication date: 2013-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2031-01-11
Also published as: CN102062181A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of speed changers, and particularly relates an automatic speed changer. A front back plate and a rear back plate are connected to a main shaft of a drive motor, a friction plate and a friction disk are arranged between the front back plate and the rear back plate, one end of a core shaft which is concentric to the axis of the main shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected with a press plate, the other end of the core shaft is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic brake, the press plate is arranged between the front back plate and the friction plate and tightly pressed by a spring, the hollow-core main shaft is internally provided with the core shaft and fixedly connected with the friction disk and more than two drive gears with different numbers of teeth, one side of the hollow-core main shaft is parallelly sleeved with an output shaft, driven gears engaged with the drive gears are arranged on the output shaft, a synchronizer combining sleeve which is fixedly connected with the output shaft and can move axially drives a differential device to output power through engaging with different driven gears, and the synchronizer combining sleeve performs automatic shift through driving a shifting fork by a stepping motor. The automatic speed changer has the advantages of simplicity in structure, flexibility in shift conversion, good stability, low failure rate and long service life.

Description

Automatic transmission

Technical field

The invention belongs to the speed changer technical field, refer in particular to the automatic transmission that a kind of vehicle speed variation is used.

Background technique

At present China now produces and the electric vehicle that uses does not fill that to use automatic speed variator, main cause be solenoid valve, hydraulic valve and the Sealing that there is no the speed changer special use, and actuator closes only.So existing electric vehicle can only adopt single reduction gear, mainly there is following shortcoming: the one, starting takes electricity; The 2nd, low speed goes up a slope unable; The 3rd, not at a high speed; The 4th, there is no the space, when causing descending, electric power generation to controller recoil electricity, easily makes controller burn out, because also there is no energy recycle device on present vehicle, so electric car automatic speed transmission market is still blank at present.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, speed change flexibly, have an automatic transmission of neutral and multi-gear transmission.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

automatic transmission, be connected with clutch on the main shaft of drive motor front by plate, be bolted after clutch by plate away from a side of drive motor is separated by a distance by plate before clutch, be connected with the annular friction sheet more than a slice before clutch to the clutch on bolt between plate by plate, the annular friction sheet is in the situation that clutch pressure plate separates along the axial reciprocating of drive motor moves, the mandrel concentric with the main-shaft axis of drive motor is fixed with clutch pressure plate by before clutch by an end of plate, the other end is fixed with electromagnetic brake, it is front by between plate and friction plate that clutch pressure plate is arranged on clutch, be arranged with the hollow main shaft that is rotatably assorted with mandrel on mandrel, be provided with between plate before clutch pressure plate and clutch and compressed the spring that clutch pressure plate is used, be fixed with the friction disk support drum on hollow main shaft between plate after clutch pressure plate and clutch, be fixed with the friction disk of the annular that equates with the quantity of described friction plate on the external cylindrical surface of friction disk support drum, each friction disk is arranged on the same side of each corresponding friction plate and realizes the clutch of friction disk and friction plate by the action of clutch pressure plate, be slidably matched by plate and hollow main shaft after clutch, be arranged at intervals with the driving gear that has the different numbers of teeth more than two on by the hollow main shaft between plate after electromagnetic brake and clutch, be arranged with output shaft in parallel in the side with the hollow main shaft, slide on output shaft and be provided with identical with described driving gear quantity and corresponding intermeshing driven gear one by one, driven gear and output shaft can relatively rotate, be equipped with on output shaft with respect to output shaft and can only endwisely slip, the more than one synchronizer combined cover that can not rotate, be provided with a synchronizer combined cover between every two driven gears, the both sides of synchronizer combined cover be respectively arranged with can with the internal tooth of the driven gear of this side or external tooth or the internal tooth of external tooth engagement driving, one side of output shaft also is fixed with output pinion, gearwheel on differential mechanism and output pinion engagement drive the differential mechanism outputting power, stepper motor drives shift fork and then drives the synchronizer combined cover and carries out the automatic conversion of gear.

Above-mentioned more than one synchronizer combined cover has one or two or three, a synchronizer combined cover can be controlled respectively the clutch of two driven gears and output shaft, two synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of four driven gears and output shaft, and three synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of six driven gears and output shaft.

Above-mentioned electromagnetic brake is: the electromagnetic brake sucker is fixed on an end of mandrel, and the inboard of electromagnetic brake sucker is provided with adhesive electromagnetic brake sucker and then moves with moving mandrel and makes friction plate and friction disk break away from the electromagnet of frictional engagement.

Above-mentioned is connected as welding or riveted joint or is spirally connected or integrated integral structure.

The above annular friction sheet of above-mentioned a slice has two or three.

This automatic transmission is the demand for the present low-speed electronic automobile market of China, and electric vehicle requires to design from low speed to high speed in order to satisfy, and it can be in the situation that the different speed of a motor vehicle realizes automatic speed changing.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1, the present invention's combination of controlling friction plate and friction disk by electromagnetic brake with separate, drive shift fork and then drive that the synchronizer combined cover carries out multistage gear, neutral and the automatic conversion of the gear such as reverse gear by stepper motor.

2, of the present invention simple in structure, gear conversion flexibility and reliability, good operating stability, rate of fault is little, and the life-span is long.

2, the present invention's automatic transmission of being applicable to the power such as automobile, electric vehicle and hybrid power engine is only used.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the transmission principle figure of the present invention's two shift transmissions, in figure: 1～clutch is front by plate, 2～clutch pressure plate, 3～annular friction sheet, 4～friction disk, after 5～clutch by plate, 6～friction disk support drum, 7～hollow main shaft, 8～one gear driving gears, 9～two gear driving gears, 10～electromagnetic brake, 10a～electromagnetic brake sucker, 10b～electromagnet, 11～mandrel, 12～output shaft, 13～two gear driven gears, 14～one, two gear synchronizer combined covers, 15～one gear driven gears, 16～differential mechanism, 16a～semiaxis, 17～differential mechanism gearwheel, 18～output shaft small gear, 19～spring, 20～drive motor.

Fig. 2 is the transmission principle figure of four-speed gear shift device of the present invention, in figure: 1～clutch is front by plate, 2～clutch pressure plate, 3～annular friction sheet, 4～friction disk, after 5～clutch by plate, 6～friction disk support drum, 7～hollow main shaft, 8～one gear driving gears, 9～two gear driving gears, 10～three gear driving gears, 11～electromagnetic brake, 11a～electromagnetic brake sucker, 11b～electromagnet, 12～mandrel, 13～four gear driving gears, 14～four gear driven gears, 15～output shaft, 16～three, four gear synchronizer combined covers, 17～three gear driven gears, 18～two gear driven gears, 19～one, two gear synchronizer combined covers, 20～one gear driven gears, 21～differential mechanism, 21a～semiaxis, 22～differential mechanism gearwheel, 23～output shaft small gear, 24～spring, 25～drive motor.

Fig. 3 be before clutch of the present invention by after plate, clutch by the annexation schematic diagram of plate, bolt and annular friction sheet, in figure: before 1～clutch by plate, 2～clutch pressure plate, 3～annular friction sheet, after 5～clutch by plate, 7～hollow main shaft, 60～bolt.

Fig. 4 is that the clamping of annular friction sheet of the present invention and bolt concerns sectional view, in figure: 3～annular friction sheet, 60～bolt.

Embodiment

The invention will be further described with specific embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

Embodiment 1, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3-4:

automatic transmission, be connected with clutch on the main shaft of drive motor 20 front by plate 1, be fixed with after clutch by plate 5 by six roots of sensation bolt 60 away from a side of drive motor 20 is separated by a distance by plate 1 before clutch, be connected with two on bolt 60 between plate 5 (certainly by plate 1 to clutch before clutch, can be also a slice or three or four) annular friction sheet 3, annular friction sheet 3 is in the situation that clutch pressure plate 2 separates along the axial reciprocating of drive motor 20 moves, the mandrel 11 concentric with the main-shaft axis of drive motor 20 is fixed with clutch pressure plate 2 by before clutch by an end of plate 1, the other end is fixed with electromagnetic brake 10, it is front by between plate 1 and friction plate 3 that clutch pressure plate 2 is arranged on clutch, be arranged with the hollow main shaft 7 that is rotatably assorted with mandrel 11 on mandrel 11, be provided with the spring 19 that compresses clutch pressure plate 2 use before clutch pressure plate 2 and clutch between plate 1, be fixed with friction disk support drum 6 on hollow main shaft 7 between plate 5 after clutch pressure plate 2 and clutch, be fixed with the friction disk 4 of the annular that equates with the quantity of described friction plate 3 on the external cylindrical surface of friction disk support drum 6, each friction disk 4 is arranged on the right side (or left side) of each corresponding friction plate 3 and realizes the clutch of friction disk 4 and friction plate 3 by the action of clutch pressure plate 2, be slidably matched by plate 5 and hollow main shaft 7 after clutch, be arranged at intervals with two gear driving gears 8 and two gear driving gears 9 with different numbers of teeth on by the hollow main shaft 7 between plate 5 after electromagnetic brake 10 and clutch, be arranged with output shaft 12 in parallel in the side with hollow main shaft 7, slide on output shaft 12 and be provided with and a described gear driving gear 8 and the intermeshing gear driven gear 15 of two gear driving gears 9 and two gear driven gears 13, one gear driven gear 15 and two gear driven gears 13 can relatively rotate with output shaft 12, be equipped with respect to output shaft 12 on output shaft 12 and can only endwisely slip, the synchronizer combined cover 14 that can not rotate, the synchronizer combined cover is arranged between a gear driven gear 15 and two gear driven gears 13, the both sides of synchronizer combined cover 14 be respectively arranged with can with the internal tooth of the driven gear of this side or external tooth or the internal tooth of external tooth engagement driving, one side of output shaft 12 also is fixed with output pinion 18, gearwheel 17 on differential mechanism 16 meshes with output pinion 18 the semiaxis 16a outputting power that drives on differential mechanisms 16, stepper motor drives shift fork and then drives the automatic conversion that synchronizer combined cover 14 carries out a gear or two gear gears.

Above-mentioned synchronizer combined cover 14 has one, two or three can certainly be set, a synchronizer combined cover can be controlled respectively the clutch of two driven gears and output shaft, two synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of four driven gears and output shaft, and three synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of six driven gears and output shaft.

Above-mentioned electromagnetic brake 10 is: electromagnetic brake sucker 10a is fixed on an end of mandrel 11, and the inboard of electromagnetic brake sucker 10a is provided with adhesive electromagnetic brake sucker 10a and then moves with moving mandrel 11 and makes friction plate 3 and friction disk 4 break away from the electromagnet 10b of frictional engagement.

The above annular friction sheet 3 of above-mentioned a slice has two, can certainly arrange three.

Embodiment 2, referring to Fig. 2-4:

automatic transmission, be connected with clutch on the main shaft of drive motor 25 front by plate 1, be fixed with after clutch by plate 5 by six roots of sensation bolt 60 away from a side of drive motor 25 is separated by a distance by plate 1 before clutch, be connected with two rings shape friction plate 3 by plate 1 on bolt 60 between plate 5 to clutch before clutch, annular friction sheet 3 is in the situation that clutch pressure plate 2 separates moves back and forth to drive motor 25 directions, the mandrel 12 concentric with the main-shaft axis of drive motor 25 is fixed with clutch pressure plate 2 by before clutch by an end of plate 1, the other end is fixed with electromagnetic brake 11, it is front by between plate 1 and friction plate 3 that clutch pressure plate 2 is arranged on clutch, be arranged with the hollow main shaft 7 that is rotatably assorted with mandrel 12 on mandrel 12, be provided with the spring 24 that compresses clutch pressure plate 2 use before clutch pressure plate 2 and clutch between plate 1, be fixed with friction disk support drum 6 on hollow main shaft 7 between plate 5 after clutch pressure plate 2 and clutch, be fixed with the friction disk 4 of the annular that equates with the quantity of described friction plate 3 on the external cylindrical surface of friction disk support drum 6, each friction disk 4 is arranged on the right side (or left side) of each corresponding friction plate 3 and drives friction disk support drum 6 and friction disk 4 by the action of clutch pressure plate 2 that the spline by therebetween is in axial sliding along hollow spindle 7, and then realize the clutch of friction disk 4 and friction plate 3, be slidably matched by plate 5 and hollow main shaft 7 after clutch, be arranged at intervals with four gear driving gears 8 with different numbers of teeth on by the hollow main shaft 7 between plate 5 after electromagnetic brake 11 and clutch, two gear driving gears 9, three gear driving gears 10, four gear driving gears 13, be arranged with output shaft 15 in parallel in the side with hollow main shaft 7, slide on output shaft 15 and be provided with and a described gear driving gear 8, two gear driving gears 9, three gear driving gears 10, one gear driven gear 20 of four gear driving gear 13 corresponding engagements, two gear driven gears 18, three gear driven gears 17, four gear driven gears 14, one gear driven gear 20, two gear driven gears 18, three gear driven gears 17 and four gear driven gears 14 can relatively rotate with output shaft 15, be equipped with respect to output shaft 15 on output shaft 15 and can only endwisely slip, two synchronizer combined covers 16 that can not rotate and 19, synchronizer combined cover 19 is arranged between a gear driven gear 20 and two gear driven gears 18, synchronizer combined cover 16 is arranged between three gear driven gears 17 and four gear driven gears 14, synchronizer combined

cover

16 and 19 both sides be respectively arranged with can with the internal tooth of the driven gear of this side or external tooth or the internal tooth of external tooth engagement driving, one side of output shaft 15 also is fixed with output pinion 23, gearwheel 22 on differential mechanism 21 meshes with output pinion 23 the semiaxis 21a outputting power that drives on differential mechanisms 21, stepper motor drives shift fork and then drives the automatic conversion that synchronizer combined

cover

16 or 19 carries out a gear or two gears or three gears or four gears or neutral gear, when synchronizer combined

cover

16 or 19 is in a gear or two gears or three gears or four gears, the counter-rotating of control drive motor, can realize a gear or two gears or three gear or four gears.

Above-mentioned synchronizer combined

cover

16 or 19 has two, can certainly arrange one or three, a synchronizer combined cover can be controlled respectively the clutch of two driven gears and output shaft, two synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of four driven gears and output shaft, and three synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of six driven gears and output shaft.

Above-mentioned electromagnetic brake 11 is: electromagnetic brake sucker 11a is fixed on an end of mandrel 12, and the inboard of electromagnetic brake sucker 11a is provided with adhesive electromagnetic brake sucker 11a and then moves with moving mandrel 12 and makes friction plate 3 and friction disk 4 break away from the electromagnet 11b of frictional engagement.

The below illustrates working principle of the present invention and process as an example of four-speed gear shift example, referring to Fig. 2:

change a gear: drive motor 25 band dynamic clutch are front by plate 1, rotated by plate 5 and annular friction sheet 3 after clutch, clutch pressure plate 2 is pressing friction dish 4 under the effect of spring 24, friction disk 4

drives support drum

6 and 7 rotations of hollow main shaft with friction plate 3 rubbing contact, the gear of four different numbers of teeth of fixing simultaneously on hollow main shaft 7, respectively one, two, three, four

gear driving gears

8, 9, 10, 13, one, two, three, four

gear driving gears

8, 9, 10, 13 with output shaft 12 on one, two, three, four the gear driven

gears

20, 18, 17, 14 often engagements, one, two, three, four gear driven

gears

20, 18, 17, 14 empty sets on output shaft 15, transmission of power be by with output shaft 15 on synchronizer combined

cover

16, 19 horizontally slip to realize, when needing gearshift, magnetic clutch 11 energisings promote forward mandrel 12, clutch pressure plate 2 is moved forward, friction plate 3 separates with friction disk 4, transmission of power is interrupted, the stepper motor of gearshift energising simultaneously, make stepper motor rotarily drive the leading screw rotation, leading screw drives shift fork and moves forward, the while shift fork is stirred synchronizer clutch collar 19 and is moved to the left, protruding tooth on clutch collar is advanced in a gear driven gear 20, this moment one, gear driven gear 20 was fixing with output shaft 15, this moment magnetic clutch 11 dead electricity, clutch pressure plate 2 pressing friction sheet 3 again under the effect of spring 24, power is successively through hollow spindle 7, one gear driving gear 8, one gear driven gear 20, synchronizer clutch collar 19, output shaft 15, small gear 23 on output shaft passes to differential mechanism gearwheel 22, differential mechanism 21 drive semiaxis 21a with transmission of power to wheel.

shift into second: in the time of need to changing to two gears, press the second gear electric switch, magnetic clutch 11 energisings promote forward mandrel 12, clutch pressure plate 2 is moved forward, friction plate 3 separates with friction disk 4, power interruption, the synchronous machine of gearshift energising simultaneously, synchronous machine rotarily drives the leading screw rotation, leading screw drives shift fork and moves backward, the while shift fork is stirred synchronizer clutch collar 19 and is moved to right, protruding tooth on synchronizer clutch collar 19 is advanced in two gear driven gears 18, this moment one, gear driven gear 20 separated with output shaft 15, two gear driven gears 18 are fixing with output shaft 15, this moment magnetic clutch 11 dead electricity, clutch pressure plate 2 pressing friction sheet 3 again under the effect of spring 24, power is successively through hollow spindle 7, two gear driving gears 9, two gear driven gears 18, synchronizer clutch collar 19, output shaft 15, small gear 23 on output shaft 15 passes to differential mechanism gearwheel 22, differential mechanism 21 drive semiaxis 21a with transmission of power to wheel.

The gearshift principle of three gears, four gears is the same, is the neutral gear position in the middle of synchronizer clutch collar 19 now occupy, and synchronizer clutch collar 16 moves to left and keeps off driven gear 17 engagements for changing three gears with three, moves to right and meshes as changing four gears with four gear driven gears 14, describes in detail no longer one by one.

Above-described embodiment is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to limit according to this protection scope of the present invention, therefore: all equivalences of doing according to structure of the present invention, shape, principle change, within all should being covered by protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. automatic transmission, it is characterized in that: be connected with clutch on the main shaft of drive motor front by plate, be bolted after clutch by plate away from a side of drive motor is separated by a distance by plate before clutch, be connected with the annular friction sheet more than a slice before clutch to the clutch on bolt between plate by plate, the annular friction sheet is in the situation that clutch pressure plate separates along the axial reciprocating of drive motor moves, the mandrel concentric with the main-shaft axis of drive motor is fixed with clutch pressure plate by before clutch by an end of plate, the other end is fixed with electromagnetic brake, it is front by between plate and friction plate that clutch pressure plate is arranged on clutch, be arranged with the hollow main shaft that is rotatably assorted with mandrel on mandrel, be provided with between plate before clutch pressure plate and clutch and compressed the spring that clutch pressure plate is used, be fixed with the friction disk support drum on hollow main shaft between plate after clutch pressure plate and clutch, be fixed with the friction disk of the annular that equates with the quantity of described friction plate on the external cylindrical surface of friction disk support drum, each friction disk is arranged on the same side of each corresponding friction plate and realizes the clutch of friction disk and friction plate by the action of clutch pressure plate, be slidably matched by plate and hollow main shaft after clutch, be arranged at intervals with the driving gear that has the different numbers of teeth more than two on by the hollow main shaft between plate after electromagnetic brake and clutch, be arranged with output shaft in parallel in the side with the hollow main shaft, slide on output shaft and be provided with identical with described driving gear quantity and corresponding intermeshing driven gear one by one, driven gear and output shaft can relatively rotate, be equipped with on output shaft with respect to output shaft and can only endwisely slip, the more than one synchronizer combined cover that can not rotate, be provided with a synchronizer combined cover between every two driven gears, the both sides of synchronizer combined cover be respectively arranged with can with the internal tooth of the driven gear of this side or external tooth or the internal tooth of external tooth engagement driving, one side of output shaft also is fixed with output pinion, gearwheel on differential mechanism and output pinion engagement drive the differential mechanism outputting power, stepper motor drives shift fork and then drives the synchronizer combined cover and carries out the automatic conversion of gear.

2. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described more than one synchronizer combined cover has one or two or three, a synchronizer combined cover can be controlled respectively the clutch of two driven gears and output shaft, two synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of four driven gears and output shaft, and three synchronizer combined covers can be controlled respectively the clutch of six driven gears and output shaft.

3. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described electromagnetic brake is: the electromagnetic brake sucker is fixed on an end of mandrel, and the inboard of electromagnetic brake sucker is provided with adhesive electromagnetic brake sucker and then moves with moving mandrel and makes friction plate and friction disk break away from the electromagnet of frictional engagement.

4. according to claim 1-3 described automatic transmission of any one, is characterized in that: described being connected as welding or riveting or be spirally connected or integrated integral structure.

5. according to claim 1-3 described automatic transmission of any one is characterized in that: the above annular friction sheet of described a slice has two or three.