CN102057144A - 用于改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法 - Google Patents

用于改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法 Download PDF

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CN102057144A
CN102057144A CN2009801213110A CN200980121311A CN102057144A CN 102057144 A CN102057144 A CN 102057144A CN 2009801213110 A CN2009801213110 A CN 2009801213110A CN 200980121311 A CN200980121311 A CN 200980121311A CN 102057144 A CN102057144 A CN 102057144A
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阿兰·波特
菲利普·德康
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Airbus Operations SAS
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    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • B64C21/10Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
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    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
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    • B64D33/02Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D33/00Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for
    • B64D33/02Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0226Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes comprising boundary layer control means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
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    • B64D33/02Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes
    • B64D2033/0266Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants
    • B64D2033/0286Arrangements in aircraft of power plant parts or auxiliaries not otherwise provided for of combustion air intakes specially adapted for particular type of power plants for turbofan engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T50/10Drag reduction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于改进前缘的第一板(36)和沿层流流动方向的另一相邻表面的第二板(34)之间连接处的层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:确定所述连接处的理论连续表面(46),开一个深度比所述理论连续表面(46)浅的槽(48),该槽的延伸宽度使得所述板(34,36)的外表面不再相对于理论表面(46)突起,和在槽(48)中沉积覆盖层(50),以便对槽进行填充。

Description

用于改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于改进前缘和相邻表面连接处的层流,特别是适用于改进唇部和发动机舱的外表面连接处的层流的覆盖层的沉积方法。
背景技术
在图1、2和3中,所示出的发动机舱10包括至少一个内管12、一外表面14以及在前端由唇部16限定的进气口,该唇部连接内管12和外表面14。
内管、唇部和外表面的壁均是通过组装多个板、多个片、多个表皮或类似物来实现。对于下面的说明,壁的这些所有形式均用板表示。
发动机舱的结构包括连接外表面14和内管12并且支撑唇部16的前框18。前框18包括处于外表面14和唇部16的连接处的第一边缘,以及处于内管12和唇部16的连接处的第二边缘。
在第一边缘处,前框18包括支撑面20,在该支撑面处利用固定设备22将外表面14和唇部16连接。为了减少阻力影响,将外表面14的板和唇部16的板对接而不是搭接。
由于以下原因,这种布置并不很理想:
固定设备22通常是与空气动力面齐平的铆钉,其会产生扰动,这样就会增加阻力,因而增加飞行器的能量消耗。
即使能够利用可剥落(pelable)或可机加工的垫块24来修正各对接板的厚度之间的不同,但不能对各对接板的外表面之间的连续性进行校正。在外表面14和唇部16的板的连接处的这种不足会产生使阻力增大因而使飞行器的能量消耗增大的扰动。
例如,法国专利FR-2.787.509描述的平头铆钉用于将消声板连接到进气口。
发明内容
因此,本发明旨在克服现有技术的缺陷,提出一种用于改进前缘和另一相邻表面连接区域的层流的覆盖层的沉积方法。
为此,本发明涉及一种用于改进前缘的第一板和沿层流流动方向的另一相邻表面的第二板之间连接处的层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤:
确定所述连接处的理论连续表面;
开一个深度d比所述理论连续表面浅的槽,该槽的延伸宽度为l,使得所述板的外表面不再相对于理论表面突起;和
在槽中沉积覆盖层,以便对槽进行填充。
根据一个应用,本发明涉及一种飞行器发动机舱,该发动机舱包括内管、外表面以及在前端由唇部限定的进气口,该唇部连接内管和外表面,其特征在于该发动机舱在所述唇部和外表面之间的连接处包括深度比所述连接处的理论连续表面浅的槽,该槽沿一个宽度延伸,使得所述唇部的板的外表面和所述外表面不再相对于理论表面突起,以及该发动机舱包括沉积在槽中的覆盖层,以便对槽进行填充。
附图说明
通过本发明下面结合附图的描述将会更清楚其他特征和优点,该描述仅仅是作为例子给出的,其中:
图1是现有技术的飞行器发动机舱的前方的透视图;
图2是沿飞行器的发动机舱前方的纵向平面的局部剖视图;
图3是说明现有技术中的发动机舱的唇部和外表面的连接区域的剖视图;
图4是本发明的发动机舱的前方的透视图;
图5是说明本发明的第一变型的发动机舱的唇部和外表面的连接区域的剖视图;
图6是说明本发明的另一变型的发动机舱的唇部和外表面的连接区域的剖视图;
图7A-7C是说明本发明的覆盖层的不同安置步骤的剖视图;和
图8是沿飞行器发动机舱前方的纵向平面的局部剖视图,说明发动机舱外部和内部之间的气流形成。
具体实施方式
在图4、5和6中,用标号30表示发动机舱,该发动机舱包括内管32、外表面34以及在前端由唇部36限定的进气口,该唇部连接内管32和外表面34。没有示出和说明其他元件,因为对于本领域技术人员来讲它们均是公知的。
内管和外表面均是通过组装多个板、多个片、多个表皮或类似物来实现。对于下面的说明,壁的这些所有形式均用板表示。
内管、外表面和唇部可以是金属和/或复合材料。
就像内管一样,唇部的壁用板或板的组装件形成。
发动机舱的结构包括连接外表面34和内管32并且支撑唇部36的前框38。前框38包括处于外表面34和唇部36的连接处的第一边缘,以及处于内管32和唇部36的连接处的第二边缘。
在第一边缘处,前框38包括支撑面40,在该支撑面处利用固定设备42例如一组或多组铆钉将外表面34和唇部36连接。为了减少阻力影响,将外表面34的板和唇部36的板对接而不是搭接。
根据情况,可以将至少一个垫块44安插在前框的支撑面40与外表面34和/或唇部36的板之间,以便补偿连接区域处对接的两块板之间可能出现的厚度差异。
各板在连接处的外表面并不连续,主要是由于各对接板的曲率半径不同造成的。因此,在图7A上用点线表示的连接处的理论连续表面46和相对于所述连接处的理论连续表面具有突起部分的对接板的外表面之间存在间隙。根据本发明,一旦如图7A所示对板进行组装,就要确定理论连续表面46,例如对发动机舱周边的连接进行多次测量。
然后,例如通过机加工移除材料,以便外表面34和唇部36的板的外表面不再相对于理论表面突起。接着,开一个深度比理论连续表面46浅的槽48,该槽沿与连接处垂直的剖面在所述连接处的两边大致从机加工前的唇部36的板的外表面和理论连续表面46之间的汇聚点延伸到机加工前的外表面34的板的外表面和理论连续表面46之间的汇聚点,如图7B所示。
该槽48在发动机舱的整个360°的周边延伸。
槽的宽度最好使得覆盖层盖住固定设备。
材料移除以后,在槽48中沉积覆盖层50,以便对槽进行填充。覆盖层50的厚度基本等于槽的深度,以便所述覆盖层的外表面与理论连续表面的形状相配,如图7C所示。
根据图5所示的第一种变型,覆盖层50包括也称作安装轮箍的板材52,其厚度较薄,基本等于槽48的深度,且宽度基本等于槽48的宽度,以便与所述槽48的形状很好地相配。最好在安置时对板材52进行拉伸,一旦固定就用力将其保持,使其外表面与理论连续表面46基本重合。
板材52最好预先用模子成型。
该板材52包括用于封闭轮箍的固定区域,该区域表示能够产生相对于层流带来的增益可以忽略不计的湍流。该固定区域可以用能大大限制湍流产生的光滑焊缝代替。
板材52可以是金属。选择该板材的材料,以便使其膨胀系数适合于发动机舱的其他相邻元件的膨胀系数。
根据图6所示的另一个变型,通过采用旨在填充槽48的涂层或油漆54来获得该覆盖层50,以便覆盖层50的外表面与理论连续表面46基本重合。
根据一个实施方式,覆盖层50是以硅酮为基质的防腐油漆,根据槽48的厚度,利用任何合适的方式,将所述油漆涂敷成一层或多层。
选择覆盖层的材料,使其有一定的弹性,以便适合于因膨胀现象造成的尺寸变化。
可以用与覆盖层相同的材料或用其他材料填充各板之间的间隙。
与图5所示的变型不同的是,涂敷涂层或油漆并不要求像轮箍情况那样进行固定,这可以使层流达到最佳。
根据本发明的另一特征,在覆盖层50特别是板材52上打孔,最好是打微孔,以便能使气流通过所述覆盖层50。
在这种情况下,如图8所示,在覆盖层50的下面设有腔56,以便收集通过所述覆盖层的气流,该腔至少在部分周边但最好在整个周边上延伸。用至少一个通道58将该腔与至少一个通到内管32的孔60相连。孔60的形状最好适合于将内管32中的空气沿发动机舱的进气口引入的气流流动方向切向地排布到所述通道的表面。
在飞行时,如果在发动机舱外靠近覆盖层50的某一点62与内管32中靠近孔60的某一点64之间存在压差,自然就会在这两个点62和64之间产生朝向内管32内的点64的气流。这种自然产生并经由通向内管的孔排放的气流能够限制流到内管32中的气流分离的可能性。
当然,本发明显然不限于上述实施方式,反之,可以覆盖所有变型,特别是有关覆盖层的形状、尺寸和材料。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于改进前缘的第一板(36)和沿层流流动方向的另一相邻表面的第二板(34)之间连接处的层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
确定所述连接处的理论连续表面(46),
开一个深度d比所述理论连续表面(46)浅的槽(48),所述槽的延伸宽度使得所述板(34,36)的外表面不再相对于所述理论表面(46)突起,和
在所述槽(48)中沉积覆盖层(50),以便对所述槽进行填充。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于,调节所述覆盖层(50)的厚度,以便所述覆盖层(50)的外表面与所述理论连续表面(46)重合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于,所述覆盖层(50)包括板材(52),所述板材厚度较薄,基本等于所述槽(48)的深度,且宽度基本等于所述槽(48)的宽度,以便与所述槽(48)的形状很好地相配。
4.根据权利要求3所述的改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于,在沉积时对所述板材(52)进行拉伸,一旦固定就用压力将其保持。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法,其特征在于,通过涂敷涂层或油漆(54)填充所述槽(48)来获得所述覆盖层(50),以便所述覆盖层(50)的外表面与所述理论连续表面(46)基本重合。
6.一种飞行器发动机舱,所述发动机舱包括内管(32)、外表面(34)以及在前端由唇部(36)限定的进气口,所述唇部连接所述内管(32)和所述外表面(34),其特征在于,所述发动机舱在所述唇部(36)和所述外表面(34)之间的连接处包括深度比所述连接处的理论连续表面(46)浅的槽(48),所述槽沿一个宽度延伸,使得所述唇部(36)的板的外表面和所述外表面(46)的板的外表面不再相对于所述理论表面(46)突起,以及所述发动机舱包括沉积在所述槽(48)中的覆盖层(50),以便对所述槽进行填充。
7.根据权利要求6所述的飞行器发动机舱,其特征在于,所述覆盖层(50)具有使得所述覆盖层(50)的外表面与所述理论连续表面(46)重合的深度。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的飞行器发动机舱,其特征在于,所述覆盖层(50)包括板材(52),其厚度较薄,基本等于所述槽(48)的深度,且宽度基本等于所述槽(48)的宽度,以便与所述槽(48)的形状很好地相配。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的飞行器发动机舱,其特征在于,所述覆盖层(50)是涂层或油漆(54),其外表面与所述理论连续表面(46)基本重合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的飞行器发动机舱,其特征在于,所述覆盖层(50)是以硅酮为基质的防腐油漆。
CN2009801213110A 2008-06-06 2009-06-03 用于改进层流的覆盖层的沉积方法 Active CN102057144B (zh)

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FR0853758 2008-06-06
FR0853758A FR2932106B1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2008-06-06 Procede de depose d'un revetement visant a ameliorer l'ecoulement laminaire
PCT/FR2009/051048 WO2010001008A1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2009-06-03 Procede de depose d'un revetement visant a ameliorer l'ecoulement laminaire

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CN104908921B (zh) * 2014-03-15 2019-04-09 波音公司 一体式进气口唇口蒙皮设计
CN109606708A (zh) * 2018-12-03 2019-04-12 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 一种小尺寸进气道结构制备方法

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CN102057144B (zh) 2013-09-11
EP2304204A1 (fr) 2011-04-06
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