CN102054292A - TIN coupling-based overground/underground seamless integrated three-dimensional space modeling method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overground/underground seamless integrated modeling method, which comprises the following steps of: respectively modeling terrain, overground buildings and underground stratum; integrating every two models through a common geometrical model, namely a constrained Delaunay triangulation network (CD-TIN); respectively establishing geometrical seamless integrated space data models between the overground buildings and the terrain and between the underground stratum and the terrain; and taking the terrain CD-TIN as a common plane, and geometrically and seamlessly integrating the two integrated models between the overground buildings and the terrain and between the underground stratum and the terrain to form topological triangle sets (TTS) containing an overground/underground integrated topological relationship so as to realize overground/underground geometrical seamless integrated modeling. The method fills a gap of an overground, surface and underground three-layer space seamless integrated modeling method, and lays a foundation for developing a new-generation three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS).
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional geographic information system, relate in particular to three dimensions modeling universal method integrated under a kind of ground.
Background technology:
Since the seventies in last century, with Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System, GIS) constantly expand in many Application for Field such as geography, ocean, geology, mine, ground, cities for the geospatial information technology of representative, the related scope of GIS has upwards entered atmospheric envelope (comprising surface buildings), enters earth interior (as underground mine and underground works) downwards.Epigeosphere is especially underground to be a complication system, the entity morphology complexity is learned on ground, the border is uncertain, mankind's activity and engineering construction process cause multiple complex effects to this system, and may cause multiple geologic hazard or distortion infringement, jeopardize human resource, existence, production and development safety.Therefore, city, mine and the expectation of Geotechnical Engineering field utilize multiple spatial data that regional landform, above-ground structures, underground rock-soil layer and underground works body thereof are carried out true 3D integrated moulding and visual analyzing.
Existing 3D GIS mainly studies is the spatial information that the face of land and the face of land are adhered in the geospace.Along with the development of computer science and technology and Spatial Information Technology, the mankind find out activity on the ground, constantly expand in the face of land, F3/B3 space, are up and down that the research of the large-scale integrated information system of one becomes the focus that field, ground is paid close attention to ground.Adopt the integrated Spatial Data Model of 3D to unify to express on the ground and underground 3d space object, become one of core content of current GIS research focus and modern 3DGIS.
Recent two decades, Chinese scholars around 3D geographical space structure mould, 3D geological space structure mould and 3D geographical with the integrated structure mould of geological space, researched and proposed 20 surplus kind of 3d space data model.Ripe on the ground with the multiresolution expression of the independent 3D modeling of underground simple target, landform and view on the ground etc., and ground up and down the seamless integrated mouldings of 3D complex target geometry be still the difficult scientific problems of this area in the world.
Under the prerequisite of not distinguishing accurate 3D and true 3D, can be to learn extraterrestrial target over the ground to carry out surface description (surface representation) and still carry out space subdivision (space partitioning) according to spatial model, and classify by single 3D structure mould (single 3D modeling), mixing 3D structure mould (compound 3D modeling) and 3 kinds of patterns of integrated 3D structure mould (integral3D modeling), as shown in table 1.
The classification of table 13D Spatial Data Model
Single structure mould is meant and adopts single bin model (Facial Model) or volume elements model (Volumetric Model) to realize spatial object is carried out geometric description and space structure mould.
Wherein, the bin model adopts bin that continuous or discontinuous geometric description and feature delineation are carried out in the surface of spatial object, does not study the internal feature of spatial object.Represent to form the extraterrestrial target profile by the surface, its advantage is to be convenient to show and Data Update; Weak point is: owing to lack 3D geometric description and built-in attribute record, and be difficult to carry out 3d space inquiry and spatial analysis, and more can't carry out underground mining and excavation design.
The volume elements model adopts volume elements that seamless complete space subdivision is carried out in the inner space of spatial object, not only describes the surface geometry of spatial object, also studies the internal feature of spatial object.The volume elements model is cut apart based on the volume elements of 3d space and true 3D entity is expressed, and the attribute of volume elements can independent description and storage, thereby can carry out the 3d space operation.Various volume elements models are applicable to different fields respectively because of himself characteristic.
Mixing the structure mould then is to adopt two or more surface model or volume elements model simultaneously the same space object to be carried out geometric description and structure mould, reaches between the model purpose of learning from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, satisfying the different application demand respectively.Typical mixing structure mould mode has TIN-Grid model, the Section-TIN in the geologic model, the WireFrame-Block in the Geotechnical Engineering, the B-Rep-CSG of urban architecture, the Octree-TEN of geological and mineral etc. among the DEM.Wherein, the WireFrame-Block mixing structure mould practicality efficient not high problem of getting up, the variation of promptly excavating the border each time all will further be cut apart block, promptly revises model one time; Though Octree-TEN mixing structure mould can solve the modeling problem of complex situations such as geologic body interrupting layer or structural plane, the spatial relationship between spatial entities is difficult for setting up.
Integrated structure mould then is to adopt two or more different models respectively different piece in the system or different spatial objects to be carried out geometric description and 3D structure mould, and the 3D model of Jian Liing integrates the complete 3D that promptly forms system and represents respectively.Typical integrated structure mould has TIN-CSG model, TIN-Octree model, CSG-TIN-GTP model etc.Wherein TIN-CSG mixing structure mould is the main mode of current city 3D GIS and 3D city model (3D CM) structure mould, be that the face of land and buildings are represented with TIN and CSG respectively, connect both by its public boundary then, so its operation all is to separate to carry out with showing; The shortcoming of TIN-Octree mixing structure mould (Hybrid structure mould) is that the Octree model data must change with the change of TIN data, otherwise can cause the pointer confusion, causes the data maintenance difficulty.
The CSG+TIN+GTP model then is a kind of novel 3d space integrated model, mainly solves the ground problem of seamless integrated moulding up and down, is core content of the present invention.The present invention aims to provide a kind of feasible, seamless integrated modelling approach in space up and down efficiently, promote the research and development of 3DGIS of new generation, form a kind of software platform of general 3d space integrated moulding, and then theory and the technical development of promotion 3DGIS and 3DGMS, and promote technical progresses such as digital city, digital mine, digital Geotechnical Engineering.
Pertinent literature:
[1]A?K?Turner，1991.Three?Dimension?GIS.Geobyte，5(1)：31-32.
[2]Simon?W?H.1994.3D?Geoscience?Modeling：Computer?Techniques?for?GeologicalCharacterization[M].Springer-Verlag.
[3] statement Peng. the complicacy of geoscience and systematicness. geographical science .1991.
[4] statement Peng. Application of GIS fundamental research, Earth Information .1997,10 (4): 29-35.
[5] Ma Ainai. the development of opinion geographical science. Peking University's journal (natural science edition) .1996,32 (1).
[6] Wu Lixin, Shi Wenzhong. Geographic Information System principle and algorithm. the .2003. of Science Press
[7] Li Hong Ga. based on the space-time three numeric field data models and the application .1999. in the change of circumstances thereof of feature
[8] Wu Lixin, Shi Wenzhong, the space structure mould technology among Christopher Gold.3D GIS and the 3D GMS. geographical and geography information science .2003.1,19 (1): 5-11.
[9] Yang Jiansi, Chen Yongxi. the implementation method of city three-dimensional information system. Wuhan University's journal (engineering version) .2001,34 (6): 67-70.
Summary of the invention:
(1) technical matters that will solve
Ground up and down extraterrestrial target be integrated with two levels: the one, the ground extraterrestrial target integrated then demonstration of modeling respectively up and down obtains on the ground incorporate effect of visualization down; The 2nd, ground is extraterrestrial target integrated moulding, integrated demonstration up and down, and carries out integral body inquiry and analysis.The former comes down to a kind of seam modeling that has, be landform, on the ground, underground space target adopts certain model to carry out independent modeling respectively, both geometrical boundaries are separately independently, certainly exist data precision difference, locus problem such as do not match at the entity public interface.This not only influences effect of visualization, also will influence the authenticity and the reliability of digital model, and model can only be viewed and admired, can not utilize.The latter then is a kind of seamless modeling, though be landform, on the ground, the independent modeling of underground space target, connect tie by certain and make interface to each other sew up fully, make common edge, common sides the crack no longer occur, remedy the former deficiency, model can not only be viewed and admired, can also fully utilize.
And the data coupling that how to solve each class model is the key that integrated Spatial Data Model is selected.Because landform, on the ground, the Spatial Data Model difference that when independent modeling, adopts of underground space target, thereby cause the expression disunity of model data behind the integrated moulding, bring inconvenience for follow-up applied analysis, had a strong impact on the usable range of model.Therefore, must carry out integrated to the result data after the modeling.
The object of the invention mainly is to propose a kind of ground seamless integrated moulding (and corresponding data integration) method up and down, to fill up the blank of ground, the seamless integrated modelling approach in the face of land and F3/B3 space, lays the foundation for researching and developing 3DGIS of new generation.
(2) technical scheme:
For reaching the ground purpose of seamless integrated moulding up and down, the invention provides a kind of ground that is coupled based on TIN seamless integrated modelling approach up and down, and adopt a kind of triangle set (TTS) that has topological structure to come the unified of implementation model data to express.
Bring into play the advantage of different surface models and phantom type, respectively landform, superstructure and subsurface formations are carried out modeling; Then by its public geometric model---the constraint Delaunay triangulation network (CD-TIN) integrates above-mentioned model in twos; And then the geometry of setting up superstructure and landform, subsurface formations and landform respectively stitches integrated Spatial Data Model; Be common sides with landform CD-TIN again, it is seamless integrated that two kinds of integrated models of superstructure and landform, subsurface formations and landform are carried out geometry, form a kind of triangle set (Topological Triangle Sets of integrated topological relation down that contains on the ground, TTS), the seamless integrated moulding of geometry about realizing over the ground.
The triangle set that contains topological relation specifically refers to: different Spatial Data Model is formed by the most basic how much structure mould unit vegetarian refreshments, line, triangles.No matter adopt which kind of model to carry out modeling, on the key element of finally all will stopping over; And to express a face, its " minimum logic basis " is triangle; Rise to body, its minimum logical block is a tetrahedron.Therefore, if think the expression body structure, can abstractly be the set of tetrahedron, hexahedron or GTP, can abstractly be B-Rep model and other models also, but all be to be its basic bin key element with triangle.Therefore, select " the minimum logic basis " of triangle, be equipped with reasonable data structure and express topological relation, realize the unified expression of different phantom types, thereby solve association and transfer problem between different models as integrated model from " face " this one deck.As: CD-TIN is a kind of triangle aggregation model that typically contains topological relation, and its model can be expressed by TTS.
The seamless integrated approach of superstructure and landform specifically refers to: the bottom profile polygon with superstructure is constraint, participate in making up landform CD-TIN, the geometric position information of superstructure merges mutually with the landform geological information, construct how much interface TTS of both unified landform, thereby realize the seamless integrated of ground entity and landform.
Landform and stratum are seamless integrated concrete finger: make up underground space solid model with GTP based on borehole data, the drilling orifice data are participated in making up landform CD-TIN as constraint, the geometric position information of subsurface formations merges mutually with the landform geological information, construct how much interface TTS of both unified landform, realize the seamless integrated of subsurface formations and landform.
Three sheaf spaces are seamless integrated concrete finger: landform is the integrated ties of three sheaf spaces, the bottom profile polygon of superstructure and earth-boring aperture all make up landform CD-TIN as the geometrical constraint fellowship, construct how much interface TTS of the unified landform of three, and then realized that the CD-TIN of three sheaf spaces is seamless integrated.
Accompanying drawing and brief description thereof:
Fig. 1 is the concept structure of Spatial Data Model of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the typical logical relation of Spatial Data Model of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is for becoming principle based on space data sets about the ground of TTS;
Fig. 4 is the spatial model data integration framework based on TTS;
Fig. 5 is landform and underground space geometrical boundary fusion method.
Fig. 6 is the seamless integrated instance graph of the underground space and landform.
Fig. 7 is entity border, ground and the seamless integrated front and back of landform comparison diagram.
Fig. 8 is the ground seamless integrated instance graph of three sheaf spaces up and down.
Embodiment:
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are the concept structure and the logical relation of the Spatial Data Model of this method, the typical space data model of this method is: adopt the CSG-BRep-Pixel mixture model on the ground, landform adopts the Grid-TIN-Pixel mixture model, underground employing MDEM-TEN-GTP-BRep-Voxel mixture model, its core is integrated model CSG+CD-TIN+GTP.
The concrete modeling procedure of this method comprises:
1, carry out the data pre-service: comprise on the ground, the detection in the collection of landform and underground data, verification, geometrical boundary slit, and initial integrated and fusion treatment.
2, carry out seamless integrated moulding: at first, read the integrated moulding that ground sampling number certificate and drilling orifice data are carried out landform and stratum, build the seamless integrated model of landform and geologic body; Then, carry out the integrated moulding of target and landform on the ground, set up Three-dimension Target model on the ground earlier, more on the ground target base point as constraint renewal relief block.Thereby set up the seamless integrated model of target, landform and geologic body on the ground.
3, based on the unified TTS of three, the modeling result data are carried out integrated, build standardized model database, principle such as Fig. 3, Fig. 4.
4,, carry out relevant speciality and calculate and applied analysis based on attribute data and model data.
Embodiment:
With certain city institute change of address new construction is example.Be total to 77 exploratory holes of cloth, 24 of wherein controlled exploratory holes, 53 of general exploratory holes in the zone.The data of gathering comprise data such as boring, cross-sectional data and landform, surface structures figure.
At first, raw data is merged by respective rule, its flow process as shown in Figure 5.
Secondly, at software GeoMo based on the present invention developed
3D(V2.0) carry out ground seamless integrated moulding up and down in the system.Ground entity and landform are seamless integrated moulding result such as Fig. 6; The seamless integrated moulding result of landform and underground entity such as Fig. 7; Ground is seamless integrated moulding result such as Fig. 8 of three sheaf spaces up and down.
Claims (7)
1. one kind based on the ground of TIN coupling seamless integrated three dimensions modeling method up and down.It is characterized in that this method comprises:
Respectively landform, superstructure and subsurface formations are carried out modeling; Then by its public geometric model---the constraint Delaunay triangulation network (CD-TIN) integrates above-mentioned model in twos; And then the geometry of setting up superstructure and landform, subsurface formations and landform respectively stitches integrated Spatial Data Model; Be common sides with landform CD-TIN again, it is seamless integrated that two kinds of integrated models of superstructure and landform, subsurface formations and landform are carried out geometry, form a kind of triangle set (Topological Triangle Sets of integrated topological relation down that contains on the ground, TTS), the seamless integrated moulding of geometry about realizing over the ground.
2. seamless integrated three dimensions modeling method according to claim 1ly is characterised in that its core space data model CSG+CD-TIN+GTP.
3. the triangle set (TTS) that has topological structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Different Spatial Data Model is formed by the most basic how much structure mould unit vegetarian refreshments, line, triangles.No matter adopt which kind of model to carry out modeling, on the key element of finally all will stopping over; And to express a face, its " minimum logic basis " is triangle; Rise to body, its minimum logical block is a tetrahedron.Therefore, if think the expression body structure, can abstractly be the set of tetrahedron, hexahedron or GTP, can abstractly be B-Rep model and other models also, but all be to be its basic bin key element with triangle.Therefore, select " the minimum logic basis " of triangle, be equipped with reasonable data structure and express topological relation, realize the unified expression of different phantom types, thereby solve association and transfer problem between different models as integrated model from " face " this one deck.As: CD-TIN is a kind of triangle aggregation model that typically contains topological relation, and its model can be expressed by TTS.
4. superstructure according to claim 1 and landform are integrated, it is characterized in that:
Bottom profile polygon with superstructure is constraint, participate in making up landform CD-TIN, the geometric position information of superstructure merges mutually with the landform geological information, constructs how much interface TTS of both unified landform, thereby realizes the seamless integrated of ground entity and landform.
5. landform according to claim 1 and stratum are integrated, it is characterized in that:
Make up underground space solid model based on borehole data with GTP, the drilling orifice data are participated in making up landform CD-TIN as constraint, the geometric position information of subsurface formations merges mutually with the landform geological information, construct how much interface TTS of both unified landform, realize the seamless integrated of subsurface formations and landform.
6. three sheaf spaces according to claim 1 are seamless integrated, it is characterized in that:
Landform is the integrated ties of three sheaf spaces, the bottom profile polygon of superstructure and earth-boring aperture all make up landform CD-TIN as the geometrical constraint fellowship, construct how much interface TTS of the unified landform of three, and then realized that the CD-TIN of three sheaf spaces is seamless integrated.
7. seamless integrated three dimensions modeling method according to claim 1ly, its feature
Be that modeling procedure comprises:
(1) data pre-service: comprise on the ground, the detection in the collection of landform and underground data, verification, geometrical boundary slit, and initial integrated and fusion treatment.
(2) seamless integrated moulding: at first, read the integrated moulding that ground sampling number certificate and drilling orifice data are carried out landform and stratum, build the seamless integrated model of landform and geologic body; Then, carry out the integrated moulding of target and landform on the ground, set up Three-dimension Target model on the ground earlier, more on the ground target base point as constraint renewal relief block.Thereby set up the seamless integrated model of target, landform and geologic body on the ground.
(3) based on the unified TTS of three, the modeling result data are carried out integrated, build standardized model database.
(4), carry out relevant speciality and calculate and applied analysis based on attribute data and model data.
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| CN113449363B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2023-09-26 | 中国工程物理研究院计算机应用研究所 | Numerical simulation-oriented large-scale city model computable processing method |
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Application publication date: 20110511 |