CN102046963A - 具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片 - Google Patents

具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片 Download PDF

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CN102046963A
CN102046963A CN2009801201077A CN200980120107A CN102046963A CN 102046963 A CN102046963 A CN 102046963A CN 2009801201077 A CN2009801201077 A CN 2009801201077A CN 200980120107 A CN200980120107 A CN 200980120107A CN 102046963 A CN102046963 A CN 102046963A
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lift device
blade
root
leading edge
wind turbine
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I·罗梅罗桑斯
M·希门尼斯德拉戈
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/0608—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape
    • F03D1/0633—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades
    • F03D1/0641—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape of the blades of the section profile of the blades, i.e. aerofoil profile
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/80—Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

本发明风轮机叶片在根部区域的前缘和/或后缘(后者具有相对厚度)具有高升力装置，使得空气动力性能得以提高，从而相较于具有圆柱形或椭圆形根部的传统叶片提高从风提取的能量。

Description

具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片
技术领域
本发明涉及在叶片的根部区域中具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片，其中有两种类型的这种元件：前缘区域上的高升力装置和后缘区域上的高升力装置，使得叶片整个几何结构进行空气动力学优化从而增大风轮机产生的能量。
背景技术
传统风轮机叶片在称为根部的圆柱形区域中与轮毂结合，其典型长度通常为几米。对于大多数风轮机，该区域的功能通常为结构功能及不明显影响风轮机的生产，因为其未进行空气动力学优化。
在目前的技术发展水平，根部区域中具有可拆卸元件以叶片的性能。然而，它们具有陡峭的后缘及在与根部的接头上具有非常大的翼弦长度。
因此，例如，文献WO 2007/131937描述了用于风力发电机的叶片，在后缘上具有可与叶片本身分拆的可拆卸元件。
发明内容
为解决上面提及的问题，本发明的目标在于提供具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片。该高升力装置根据其在叶片中的位置和用途有两种不同的类型：
(i)风轮机后缘区域的高升力装置；
(ii)风轮机前缘区域的高升力装置。
后缘的高升力装置是固定件，不可像目前技术发展水平有关的其他空气动力后缘装置那样移动。该元件的后缘比已知的后缘厚，从而获得更大的升力系数，这同时使能制造具有较小总长度(较小翼弦)的可拆卸元件。换言之，对于同样的升力，用更大的后缘相对厚度实现更短的长度或翼弦。前述装置还使能制造较小扭矩的叶片，这是由于在高攻角下失速角损失更大。该高升力装置可以是单件叶片的一部分，而不仅仅作为另外的或可拆卸的元件。
前缘的高升力装置在下述之中选择：
(i)第一前缘高升力装置，稍微弯曲以适应叶片根部，在其外表面上没有拐点；
(ii)第二前缘高升力装置，与叶片的根部具有较小的接触表面，及在其外表面的下侧有拐点，从而提高其工作性能；
(iii)第三前缘高升力装置，具有突出的外轮廓，表面上没有拐点及与第一和第二装置的拐点的下侧根部没有接触区；
(iv)第四前缘高升力装置，与根部具有最小接触区，这同时在该第四元件的外表面上产生非常突出的拐点，进而增大最大升力系数。
组合使用两种结构(后缘和前缘)实现下述技术优点：
在提高叶片的空气动力系数基础上，风轮机产生更多的能量。
由于已改善风入射角，从而提高了在较低的环境风速下的性能。
可使用已经安装的叶片，及其生产和运输也得到改善并使得更容易。
附图说明
为更好地理解本发明，下面提供一系列图示的简要说明。这些图示结合本发明的实施方式特意列出并仅作为说明性的例子给出而非限制。
图1为根据本发明的具有合成一体的高升力装置的风轮机叶片的平面图。
图2为安装有第一前缘高升力装置的风轮机叶片的横断面。
图3为安装有第二前缘高升力装置的风轮机叶片的横断面。
图4为安装有第三前缘高升力装置的风轮机叶片的横断面。
图5为安装有第四前缘高升力装置的风轮机叶片的横断面。
图6为根据本发明的安装有高升力装置的风轮机的轮廓图。
具体实施方式
如图中所示，具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片至少包括：具有钝端和翼弦C的后缘高升力装置1，在相同升力系数下，翼弦的长度比常规轮廓少5％-30％；及由于接头区域的半径与叶片3的根部4半径有关，因而与该后缘高升力装置1的厚度有关。
第一后缘高升力装置1可拆卸或与单件叶片合为一体。
前缘高升力装置2在下述之中选择：
(i)第一前缘高升力装置20，稍微弯曲以适应叶片3的根部4，在其外表面上没有拐点；
(ii)第二前缘高升力装置21，与叶片3的根部4具有较小的接触表面，及在其外表面的下侧有拐点；
(iii)第三前缘高升力装置22，具有突出的外轮廓，在其和根部之间保持间隙使得一定量的气流能在该轮廓的拱腹和拱背之间通过从而激励该轮廓拱背的边界层并提高空气动力性能，其中该第三元件22也可动(相对于柱体的中心旋转及在空气动力学中称为“翼缝”)使得其更好地适应具有变化的CL和αstall的环境流设定的工作条件；
(iv)第四前缘高升力装置23，与根部4具有最小接触区，这同时促使在该第四元件23的外表面中具有非常突出的拐点，另外，该第四前缘高升力装置(23)或翼缝可动(旋转，同上)，使得优化CL和αSTALL。
在设计高升力装置于前缘和后缘连接到风轮机叶片时，及考虑优化CL升力系数和αSTALL攻角之间的关系，应考虑可拆卸件和机器本身的几何限制之间的安全距离。
图6示出了完整的风轮机的实施例，具有塔架8、机舱9和叶片3，其中特别示出了这些高升力可拆卸件安装在风轮机叶片上，其中还图示出了对于最大翼弦长度不同装置的安全距离：与轮毂的安全距离5、与机舱的安全距离6和与塔架的安全距离7，使得实现与机舱的安全距离为约300mm、与轮毂的安全距离为约300mm及与塔架的安全距离为约400mm。

Claims (4)

1.具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片，其特征在于至少具有：
-与叶片的根部合为一体的前缘高升力装置(2)，前缘的可拆卸件和叶片根部之间能相对移动；
-与叶片的根部合为一体的后缘高升力装置(1)，以翼弦(C)长度使叶片表面连续并具有钝边缘。
2.根据权利要求1的具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片，其特征在于所述前缘高升力装置(2)选自下组：
(i)第一前缘高升力装置(20)，稍微弯曲以适应叶片(3)的根部(4)，在其外表面上没有拐点；
(ii)第二前缘高升力装置(21)，与叶片(3)的根部(4)具有较小的接触表面，及在其外表面的下侧有拐点；
(iii)第三前缘高升力装置(22)，具有突出的外轮廓，表面上没有拐点及与第一和第二装置(20、21)的拐点的下侧根部没有接触区；
(iv)第四前缘高升力装置(23)，与根部(4)具有最小接触区，这同时在该第四前缘高升力装置(23)的外表面上产生非常突出的拐点。
3.根据权利要求1的具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片，其特征在于：所述后缘高升力装置(1)具有钝端及在相同升力系数下翼弦(C)的长度比常规轮廓少5％-30％。
4.根据权利要求1的具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片，其特征在于：接头区域的半径与叶片(3)的根部(4)有关，及与后缘高升力装置(1)的厚度有关。
CN2009801201077A 2008-05-30 2009-05-28 具有高升力装置的风轮机叶片 Pending CN102046963A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200801632 2008-05-30
ES200801632A ES2330500B1 (es) 2008-05-30 2008-05-30 Pala de aerogenerador con elementos hipersustentadores.
PCT/ES2009/070191 WO2009144356A1 (es) 2008-05-30 2009-05-28 Pala de aerogenerador con elementos hipersustentadores

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US (1) US20110064582A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2292926B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102046963A (zh)
DK (1) DK2292926T3 (zh)
ES (2) ES2330500B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009144356A1 (zh)

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EP2292926A1 (en) 2011-03-09
ES2330500A1 (es) 2009-12-10
EP2292926A4 (en) 2014-11-12
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DK2292926T3 (en) 2019-01-28
WO2009144356A1 (es) 2009-12-03

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