CN102037571A - Photovoltaic panel, relative production process and plant for carrying out such a process - Google Patents

Photovoltaic panel, relative production process and plant for carrying out such a process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102037571A
CN102037571A CN2009801190227A CN200980119022A CN102037571A CN 102037571 A CN102037571 A CN 102037571A CN 2009801190227 A CN2009801190227 A CN 2009801190227A CN 200980119022 A CN200980119022 A CN 200980119022A CN 102037571 A CN102037571 A CN 102037571A
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polymer
layer
extruder
battery panel
photovoltaic battery
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CN2009801190227A
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CN102037571B (en
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弗兰科·班德拉
恩里科·韦内戈尼
乔瓦尼·德拉罗萨
罗伯托·卡尔
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Costruzioni Meccaniche Luigi Bandera SpA
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Costruzioni Meccaniche Luigi Bandera SpA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/50—Forming devices by joining two substrates together, e.g. lamination techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/405—Intermeshing co-rotating screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/90—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article
    • B29C48/908—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling with calibration or sizing, i.e. combined with fixing or setting of the final dimensions of the extruded article characterised by calibrator surface, e.g. structure or holes for lubrication, cooling or venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/914—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means cooling drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
    • B32B37/153—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state at least one layer is extruded and immediately laminated while in semi-molten state
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
    • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
    • H01L31/0201—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising specially adapted module bus-bar structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/88—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/17—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components having different colours
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/14—PVF, i.e. polyvinyl fluoride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/12—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material containing fluorine
    • B29K2027/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluorethene, e.g. ePTFE, i.e. expanded polytetrafluorethene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2069/00—Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
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    • B29K2105/16—Fillers
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    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/12—Photovoltaic modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a photovoltaic panel (10) made through direct co-extrusion of a plurality of superimposed polymeric layers, the invention also concerns a process for producing a photovoltaic panel and a plant for carrying out such a process.

Description

The equipment of photovoltaic battery panel, corresponding manufacturing method and this method of enforcement
Technical field
The present invention relates to the equipment of photovoltaic battery panel, corresponding manufacturing method and this method of enforcement.
Background technology
In the past decade, for the consciousness of the environmental problem that relates to present main energy sources (oil, natural gas, coal, uranium) with the understanding that they are petered out has been promoted the research and development of alternative energy source.
Wherein, photovoltaic generation seems for the interference minimum that produces electromotive force, and uses by the performance of exploitation silicon at present.
The work of photovoltaic battery panel is based on (homonymous) the in the same way effect that is taken place when the absorption owing to the photon that is incident on the enough energy on the material makes electron transfer in the valence band of material (being generally semi-conducting material) to conduction band.
Especially, on the other hand, when luminous flux clashed into the lattice of semi-conducting material, the electronics of some was thus lifted to conduction band, and the hole of corresponding similar number is transferred to valence band.Like this, can form electric charge carrier and it can be used for producing electric current.
Therefore, contact by attracting the material (electronegative) of electronics to be placed as, thereby obtain n type structure (having excess electrons) respectively and p type structure (having excessive hole) is made photovoltaic battery panel by atomic structure with the material that is intended to repel electronics (positively charged).
In aforementioned two kinds of materials, must stop conduction generally speaking, but must be easy to by being that valence electron applies energy and activates conduction (characteristic of semiconductor) through photon radiation.
When electronics received the energy of q.s, it began to move in semi-conducting material, makes its shared position leave a blank (electron hole), and this position will be filled by adjacent electronics, thereby produced the positively charged improved behavior that is similar to.
Owing to have the contact of different electrophilic two kinds of materials, so electronics tends to move on preferred orientations and produces electric current (move in the opposite direction in corresponding hole), and it can be collected by conductor and advantageously use.
When having only the knot between two semiconductors of electron-hole pair arrival, it just finally dissociates and produces electric current.
Usually, the photovoltaic generation structure according to prior art comprises (with the order shown in Fig. 1):
-the first protective layer 1;
-be used to collect the conductive layer (negative pole) 2 of electronics;
-negative semiconductor layer 3 (n);
-positive semiconductor layer 4 (p);
-be used to collect the conductive layer (positive pole) 5 of electron hole;
-the second protective layer 6.
Therefore, photovoltaic battery panel shown in Figure 1 has first protective layer 1 of glass, and conductive layer 2 then embeds transparency conducting layer 2 by wire netting 2 ' " in make.
P and n semiconductor layer 3 and 4 come routine to make by III family and V group element difference " doping " silicon with the periodic table of elements respectively.
Because photon must arrive semiconductor, thus in protective layer and the adjacent conductive layer one of at least must printing opacity.
Conventional photovoltaic cell uses the silicon that is doped with boron for example or phosphorus to make two active intermediate layers (semiconductor) and use the common metal conductor to make outermost layer.One of two conductive layers are formed by wire screen so that silicon can be irradiated to.
In conventional manufacture method, by with suitable pure ingot section, the different layers that is used to form battery by diffusing, doping in high temperature furnace and assembling obtains silicon foil (wafer) then.
With high costs and the labor intensive and only reasonable aspect environment and policy reason of described method is based on this reason or the acquisition system excitation owing to lack other energy.
Cost is reasonable more for the manufacture method of using and make of optimizing silicon, and has developed the various technology that each assembly wherein obtains by thin film deposition (nanometer nm level or micron μ m level).
Thus obtained silicon is unbodied, and it has than shorter life-span of the silicon metal of wafer and lower productive rate, but cost reduces and remedied this shortcoming.
Proposed the solution of use " conjugated structure " polymer and used this solution in some cases, described " conjugated structure " polymer for carbon atom chain C wherein comprise double covalent bonds to small part rule configuration (σ, π).
In these polymer,, form electronics delocalization in the electron cloud around the molecule of π key, and can be easy to be excited to the conduction band generation (electronics-hole) according to the model of approving most.
The characteristic that the existence of particular chemical composition and/or suitable doped chemical has polymer to produce the right electron donor of photovoltaic semiconductors is (as at poly-(2-methoxyl group, 5-(2 '-ethyl-own oxygen base)-1, the 4-phenylacetylene) in the situation (MEH-PPV)) or the characteristic (as in the situation of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)) led of electronics.
The case history of the photovoltaic cell of being made by conducting polymer is in technical literature and/or patent prior art.
For example, cells known comprises following layer:
ITO/PBI/P3HT/Au, (ITO: tin indium oxide; Backplate is thin golden film);
PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/PCBM/Al (PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer polyethylene dioxythiophene/poly styrene sulfonate, backplate is made of aluminum).
One of conductor must be transparent, to allow semiconductor film illuminated.
At present, use ITO (ITO: tin indium oxide).
Suitable electron collection system must be associated, normally has the little grid gauze of fine rule.
All these are enclosed between the protective layer to avoid oxidation.Usually use organic or metal material.
But these polymer can not tolerate the high temperature deformation process that is usually used in general plastic material, and they have low relatively energy productive rate and short relatively life-span (always comparing with silicon).
With more cheap program even with the possibility that continuous process is made solar cell is scientific and technological circle and industrial lasting target.
According to prior art, can find different proposals:
United States Patent (USP) 4,260,429 relate to that a kind of described polymer is generally fluoropolymer by woven wire being embedded the transparency electrode that forms in the electropolymer, the element of the with good grounds connected semiconductor type of its load:
-for silicon (Si), conductive particle is Au/Si, Au/Ge, Ge, Al/Si, Al;
-for GaAs (GaAs), conductive particle is Au/Ge, Au/Sn, Sn;
-for cadmium sulfide (CdS), conductive particle is In, Nb, Ni, Ti/Al, Hg;
-for copper sulfide, conductive particle is Au, graphite, Cu, conductive black, Pb/Sn.
According to United States Patent (USP) 4,479,027, a kind of optoelectronic film is by lamination and bond and silica-based acquisition of pottery.
United States Patent (USP) 6,184, a kind of manufacture method of passing through the light-sensitive surface of multilayer successive sedimentation acquisition of 057 B1 instruction.
In people's such as Zhang in 2002 document, propose to make film by having elastomeric PEDOTrPSS/MEH-PPV/PCBM/Al (by the aluminium negative electrode of hydatogenesis) successive sedimentation.
Also there is the part solution to make or optimize the part of battery.
Glass is the common scheme that is used for protection photovoltaic cell on the solar radiation face of being exposed to.But it has limited mechanical property.
More Nai Shou substitute is:
-Merlon (PC) (but it has low weatherability and oxygen flow)
-polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) (DuPont)
-Tefzel (ETFE) (DuPont);
Can utilize metal support to carry out back-protective, but the solution that relates to single or multiple lift polymer or polymeric blend also proposes:
-multilayer PVF/ETFE/PVF;
-single or multiple lift PA (polyamide), PET (PETG), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene);
-multilayer PC (Merlon) and fluoropolymer may add EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) layer (BASF);
-PA (polyamide)/from aggressiveness mixture (DuPont).
The active part of the manufacturing photovoltaic cell of describing in the document promptly changes into light radiation the method for the layer of electrical potential difference therein, and its enforcement is as follows:
-by directly on supporter, depositing after the vapour phase condensation of synthetic (chemical reaction);
-make solution concentration by removing solvent and depositing solute;
-printing (ink-jet, photoetching etc.) deposits afterwards;
-electro-deposition on conductive substrates.
Present known method, with respect to alternately or the layer (electrode, semiconductor, protective layer etc.) that is combined to form entire cell propose:
-follow-up sedimentary deposit by the layer that produces before all or part of coating;
-preparation semi-finished product are then by the lamination combination.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the applicant feels the problem that need avoid the photovoltaic battery panel production cost too high, and obtains the flexible and effective plate of cost that can reel by method for simplifying.
The applicant can solve above-mentioned technical problem by photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 is provided.
According to a first aspect of the invention, a kind of photovoltaic battery panel makes by direct co-extrusion pressure polymer.
The objective of the invention is the manufacture method of photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 14 and the equipment of manufacturing photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 15.Other characteristic is shown in the dependent claims.
Description of drawings
By following explanation, with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiment of the non-limiting purpose that provides, will become clear according to the manufacture method of photovoltaic battery panel of the present invention, described plate and the characteristic and the advantage of manufacturing equipment thereof, in the described accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic cross sectional view according to the photovoltaic battery panel of prior art;
Fig. 2 illustrates the schematic cross sectional view of photovoltaic battery panel constructed in accordance;
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic cross sectional view of the photovoltaic battery panel that different embodiments obtains according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is illustrated in one of the present invention to be changed in the embodiment, the schematic cross sectional view of the photovoltaic battery panel that obtains according to the embodiment of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is illustrated in another and changes in the embodiment perspective cutaway view, of the photovoltaic battery panel of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is illustrated in another and changes in the embodiment schematic cross sectional views of the photovoltaic battery panel of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 illustrates the upper viewing view that is used to implement according to the equipment of the inventive method;
Fig. 8 and 9 illustrates the schematic side elevation that is used to implement according to two embodiments of the equipment of the inventive method;
Figure 10 a and 10b illustrate the upper viewing view of bottom of two embodiments of the present device shown in Fig. 8 and 9 respectively.
Embodiment
With reference to figure 2-6; photovoltaic battery panel 10 according to the present invention comprises first protection transparent polymeric layer 11, the transparent polymer conductive layer 12, negative n-type active layer 13, positive p-type active layer 14, conductive polymer coating 15 and second protective layer 16, and described layer 11-16 is by direct coextrusion manufacturing and combine closely.
The first and second protection polymeric layers 11 and 16 are by being selected from one or more polymer manufacturings of amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide; Whether according in the only one side or the two sides irradiation of photovoltaic battery panel 10, at least the first protection polymeric layer 11 or two protective layers 11 and 16 all can be fabricated to transparent.
Flat product is divided into film, sheet or plate according to thickness.Final products are called multi-layer sheet or sheet in this manual, and it is by technical a plurality of layers of formation that can be used in any thickness of making photovoltaic battery panel.
Advantageously, use following made first protective layer 11:
-Merlon (PC) (but it has low weatherability and oxygen flow)
-polyvinyl fluoride (PVF) (DuPont)
-Tefzel (ETFE) (DuPont);
Can use the metal support manufacturing by the back-protective that the second polymer layer obtains, but also propose to relate to the solution of single or multiple lift polymer or polymeric blend:
-multilayer PVF/ETFE/PVF;
-single or multiple lift PA (polyamide), PET (PETG), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene);
-multilayer PC (Merlon) and fluoropolymer can add EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) layer (BASF);
-PA (polyamide)/from aggressiveness mixture (DuPont).
Have suitable photovoltaic property and can allow to make coextruded multilayer electromotive force generator by the polymer of extruding processing.
From existing solution, it is contemplated that use by suitably with filler or the Nano filling organic transparent conductor that extrudable polymer obtained that mixes, to obtain product thus with the characteristic that is similar to PEDOT:PSS.
Although this solution can imagine herein and expect that the demand that reduces cost has promoted to consider to use typical polymers to make conductor by adding filler such as metallic fiber or carbon black.
Because these fillers make polymer opaque, therefore in order to allow active layer illuminated, electrode must be formed in the bar on the shadow surface.
Two kinds of structures can be arranged, all make photovoltaic battery panel 10 by direct coextrusion with lower floor in the two, described layer closely contact superposes and sticks together.
According to first embodiment shown in Figure 2, photovoltaic battery panel 10 has:
-the first protection transparent polymeric layer 11, it is made by one or more materials that are selected from amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polyvinyl fluoride, Tefzel;
-transparent polymer conductive layer 12, it conducts electricity by chemical characteristic or by adding filler or Nano filling;
-negative n-N-type semiconductor N active layer 13, it is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling has light sensitivity;
-positive p-N-type semiconductor N active layer 14, it is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling has light sensitivity;
-conductive polymer coating 15 shines if be predefined on the two sides of photovoltaic multilayer, and then it can be transparently, and it is by making because of the free radical that has conduction in the molecule or chemical constitution or by adding the polymer that filler or Nano filling conduct electricity;
-the second protection polymeric layer 16; it can be transparent, is made for to comprise single or multiple lift or the blend polymer form that is selected from following material: amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, multilayer PVF/ETFE/PVF, single or multiple lift PA (polyamide), PET (PETG), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), multilayer PC (Merlon) and fluoropolymer, can add EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) layer, PA (polyamide)/from the aggressiveness mixture.
Select to be used to make the polymer of protective layer according to the selection of conductor and semi-conducting polymer.
The arrangement of layer 13 and 14 can be reversed according to the characteristic of used semi-conducting polymer.
In second embodiment shown in Figure 3, photovoltaic battery panel is by making with lower floor:
-the first protection transparent polymeric layer 21, it is made by the material that is selected from amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polyvinyl fluoride, Tefzel;
-the first conductive polymer coating 22, its transparent polymer 22 ' and conducting polymer 22 by alternately being similar to first protective clear layer 21 " bar make.Polymer 22 " by its chemical characteristic or by add filler or Nano filling for example metal or graphite conduct electricity, metal or graphite make that usually the conducting polymer bar is opaque;
-negative n-type active layer 23, it is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling has light sensitivity;
-positive p-type active layer 24, it is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling has light sensitivity;
-the second conductive polymer coating 25, it is made for opaque, perhaps can be by making the transparent polymer bar that is similar to first transparent polymeric layer 21 and for example making the opaque metal of conducting polymer bar or graphite or owing to have the free radical of conduction or chemical constitution in the molecule or alternately make by adding the polymer strip that filler or Nano filling conduct electricity usually by its chemical characteristic or by adding filler in order to make the two sides all be shone;
-the second protective layer 26; it can be transparent, is made for to comprise single or multiple lift or the blend polymer form that is selected from following material: amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, multilayer PVF/ETFE/PVF, single or multiple lift PA (polyamide), PET (PETG), PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), multilayer PC (Merlon) and fluoropolymer, can add EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) layer, PA (polyamide)/from the aggressiveness mixture.
And in this case, select to be used to make the material of protective layer according to the selection of conductor and semi-conducting polymer.
According to producing needs and size, protective layer 11 and 16 or 21 and 26 also can engage along the one side of plate or along the two sides of plate.
The arrangement of layer 23 and 24 can be reversed according to the characteristic of used semi-conducting polymer.
In order to compensate owing to the shadow region on the active layer 23 and 24 (semiconductor) of opaque conducting polymer deposits yields, the outer surface 21 ' of first protective clear layer can rise and fall suitably, shown in Fig. 4-6, so that incident light I concentrates on the semi-conducting polymer.It is 200 μ m to 2mm that multi-layer sheet with this structure can be made thickness at low cost, and the thickness that forms the individual layer of described plate is 10 μ m to 1mm.
Multiple-plate width depends on required productivity ratio.Reasonably be of a size of 500mm to 2000mm.
Must determine thickness according to the active layer processing characteristics of selecting suitable conduction and encapsulation polymer based on it.
Polymer for have photovoltaic because of filler or Nano filling can advantageously disperse in manufacture process.
For the situation of using opaque conducting polymer, if the back side of plate is also illuminated, then the connection of top bus and perhaps the connection of bottom bus (not shown) one of can be by the following method make:
-remove first protective layer 21 (Fig. 5) and bonding jumper 27 be glued to the conducting polymer bar 22 of exposure " conducting end (similarly, on lower bar, having different bonding jumpers);
-use the metal combs 28 (Fig. 6) push from the outside, make broach 29 pass first protective layer 21 and arrive conducting polymer bar 22 ' (similarly, using the different comb that is fit to the coupling second conducting polymer bar).
According to the present invention, directly the manufacturing of coextrusion polymeric material (plastics) layer may further comprise the steps:
A) plasticizing polymerization thing in special machine.Industrial, use single screw rod, twin-screw or multi-screw extruder.Various polymer need its extruder separately, set its machined parameters separately, and it can produce one or more layers in end product.Plasticizing makes polymer have can be easy to the adequate condition of carrying and combining with other polymer in the variable cross section pipeline.Plasticizing comprises dissipating by the heating or the visco-plasticity of machine work increases energy in the material, reaches viscosity up to temperature and is low to moderate and is enough in subsequent operation as fluid.Be scheduled to the formation polymeric blends or adding under the situation of additive, colored filler, the distribution of compound and homogeneity are carried out in this step;
B) by pipeline the polymer transport that plastifies is arrived the layering group.For fear of the component back mixing, the special requirement of this process need.
C) the different polymer (from used different extruder) of stratification.The order that the order of polymer arrangement and combination will be arranged in end product for them is recently set flow according to preset thickness and quality.Because the different chemical characteristic of laminar condition (low-down Reynolds number), pipeline configuration and polymer makes them not mix, but form the xenogenesis stratified flow in the subsequent delivery process.
D) extrude, the stream that different polymer are constituted is pressed through mouth template, and described mouth template is the rectangle (casting film, flat film) or the tubulose (blown film) of suitable thickness.Different materials is suitable for forming obviously but the passage of the layer of combining closely;
E) cured article is undertaken by cooling usually, and forming thickness up to multilayer tablet is enough to operate (reel, cut, move) under normal industrial condition.Based on Method type, by contacting with cold roller (casting film, chill roll, calender) or cooling off by air (blown film) or by the cold shape calibration device of contact (flat board, forming board or cellular board calibration).
By changing the technology of selecting in advance, can making thickness is the products of tens μ m to a plurality of layers of having of several mm (can reach about ten layers).
Also can limit one or more layers width, to obtain vertical bar of multilayer by the different materials that replaces same thickness regularly.
For making these products, insert suitable pectination distributing nozzle at extruder head, it discharges the polymer of calibrator quantity in the position of the vertical bar of needs manufacturing.
In casting, chill roll and calendering technology, layer solidifies when contact surface.The breach that may exist on lip-deep roughness and the surface is depended in its surface treatment.
By this technology, therefore can be so that hyaline layer have surface undulation, with concentrated radiation, otherwise the radiation meeting is dispersed on the zone of opacity of bottom conductive layer.
According to the end product of expectation, described multilayer is manufactured to has suitable flexibility or toughness, so that it is manipulated into the form of the plate on spool or the pallet respectively.
Because enforcement relates to a plurality of extruders according to the general structure of the equipment of the extrusion method of photovoltaic multiple layers of polymeric materials of the present invention, wherein polymer is plastified, is utilized filler or chemical reaction (reactivity is extruded) and functionalization, has desired characteristics up to the polymer of processing.
In equipment structure, have following extruder according to the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 to 10b:
First parallel dual-screw extruding machine 41 is used to prepare the active layer 13,23 of negative n-N-type semiconductor N polymer;
Second parallel dual-screw extruding machine 42 is used to prepare the active layer 14,24 of positive p-N-type semiconductor N polymer;
The 3rd parallel dual-screw extruding machine 43 is used to prepare conducting polymer 15,25, and it is used for forming electrode on the face that is not exposed to solar radiation of battery;
The 4th parallel dual-screw extruding machine 44 is used to prepare conducting polymer 12,22 ", it is used on the face that is exposed to solar radiation of battery forming the layer or the conducting polymer 22 of conducting polymer 12 " vertical bar.
These four extruder 41-44 have screw diameter (according to required productivity ratio) and the spiro rod length of diameter more than 40 times of 55mm～170mm.
The 5th single screw extrusion machine 45 has screw diameter (according to required productivity ratio) and the spiro rod length of diameter more than 30 times of 50mm～150mm, is used to prepare in order to form conducting polymer 22 on the face that is exposed to solar radiation of battery " the transparent polymer of vertical bar.
If the layer of conducting polymer 12 because himself chemical characteristic or by adding filler or Nano filling rather than have alternately bar 21 ', 21 " the conductive layer embodiment be transparent and electrically conductive, then described the 5th extruder 45 can omit.
The 6th single screw extrusion machine 46 has screw diameter (according to required productivity ratio) and the spiro rod length of diameter more than 30 times of 100mm～200mm, is used to prepare the transparent polymeric layer 11,21,16,26 in order to the protecting sheathing that forms battery.
If pass through extruder 43 and 44 polymer phases of processing together, then these two extruders can replace with the single extruder that can extrude two-layer suitable dimension simultaneously.
Extruder is by corresponding distributor 47-52 charging, and described distributor can weighing constitutes the amount of the different component of the prescription of making each layer.
For double screw extruder 41-44, use distributor 47-50, their continuous measurement flows are included in the weight that is fed to the material in the extruder in the hopper in time with detection.
Obtain signal in time, they measure the instant flow of each component.
For single screw extrusion machine 45,46, use the distributor 51-52 that is equipped with discontinuous mixing and weighing system.
Extruder can use the degas system 63 with one or more mouths, to obtain to be formed for to form the required physico of polymer of the different layers of battery.
The processing temperature correspondence is suitable for forming the temperature of the different polymer work of battery.
For each extruder, be intended for filtering the corresponding special assembly 64-69 that takes out molten polymer with pump.Also the static mixer (not shown) is inserted different pipelines, so that characteristic in each single component and temperature are even.
Different polymer is arranged as its order in final battery by laminater 80.
The different assemblies of considering can be categorized as compatible and inconsistent in pairs.All materials with mutual adhesion characteristic of very approaching processing characteristics (temperature, pressure, can bear strain and similar chemical/physical characteristic) and suitable molten condition are compatible.All do not have a this selectivity affinity other to being inconsistent.
In laminater 80, be placed as mutually directly contact by the adjacent layer in the multilayer of compatible material formation.
Also keep separating in extruder head by the adjacent layer in the multilayer of incompatible material formation, it is made by multitube trace header 81 and contacted with each other before being about to extrude through port template 87.
Before the extrusion template, make the layer of vertical bar formation of passing through different materials in head zone 81.
The combination that is arranged in the molten polymer in the expectation layer is extruded by rectangular aperture 87 (mouth template), then by extrusion modling in two adjacent temperature control rollers 82 (and curing).
By make sheet closely contact the cooling and the processing of control surface with aforementioned roller 82.
In designated time intervals, according to the selected machine and the size of sheet, total output changes between 500m/ hour～4000m/ hour.
Guarantee speed of production and rule degree by draw-gear 83, described draw-gear 83 comprises two motor-driven squeegees on the two sides that is pressed in the multilayer of being extruded.
Can there be two package systems in the downstream of draw-gear 83:
For the multilayer tablet of certain stiffness, the predetermined cutter that uses is cut into the plate of predetermined length and it is stacked on (Fig. 8,10a) on the pallet 84.
For the multilayer tablet of specific compliance, the predetermined use owing to system (Fig. 9,10b) with its coiled volume 85.Thereby realize comprising the object of the invention that obtains solar cell by cost-benefit production technology.
Because production technology forms the basic module of solar panels cost, so the present invention can simplify with the lower fact of cost it to make photovoltaic energy more competitive with respect to conventional energy resource.Main innovation among the present invention is directly to obtain by coextrusion the possibility of photovoltaic cell, therefore the single continued operation with low direct cost.
Another basic innovation aspect is to use vertical bar coextrusion collecting the electric charge that battery produces, thereby can use than transparent conductive polymer more cheaply and the opaque conducting polymer that more is easy to get.This need can not finish by the intermediate steps that printing or chemical/physical deposit this opaque layer.
The contoured surface that use obtains in calendering also is innovation as the concentrator of light.
Battery with vertical bar can also be made, so that it also can use in the time can shining the battery two sides on two faces.
By the thickness (being generally the thickness of external protection or the thickness of back of the body conductive layer) of regulating cell layer, can be so that the rigidity of plate to be higher, more durable and easier processing is perhaps more helped the further more pliable and tougher plate of processing.

Claims (26)

1. a photovoltaic battery panel (10); it is characterized in that; it comprises the first protection transparent polymeric layer (11,21), the polymeric, conductive layer of partially transparent (12,22), negative n-N-type semiconductor N active layer (13,23), positive p-N-type semiconductor N active layer (14,24), conductive polymer coating (15,25) and second are protected polymeric layer (16,26) at least; (11-16 is 21-26) by direct coextrusion manufacturing and combine closely for described layer.
2. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), the wherein said first protection transparent polymeric layer (11,21) is made by one or more kind materials that are selected from amorphous PET, polyolefin, PMMA, PC, polyvinyl fluoride, the Tefzel.
3. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said conductive polymer coating (12) is transparent, and conducts electricity by the chemical property of himself or by adding filler or Nano filling.
4. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said negative n-N-type semiconductor N active layer (13,23) is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling possesses light sensitivity.
5. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said positive p-N-type semiconductor N active layer (14,24) is made by light-sensitive material, and described light-sensitive material is because the chemical characteristic of polymer or owing to the existence of photosensitive filler or photosensitive Nano filling possesses light sensitivity.
6. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said conductive polymer coating (15,25) is made by conducting polymer, and described conducting polymer conducts electricity by free radical or by the conduction chemical constitution in the molecule or by adding filler or Nano filling.
7. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10); the described second protection polymeric layer (16 that wherein may be transparent; 26) be made for and contain single or multiple lift or the blend polymer that is selected from following material: amorphous PET; polyolefin; PMMA; PC; polystyrene; polyester; polyamide; multilayer PVF/ETFE/PVF; single or multiple lift PA (polyamide); PET (PETG); PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene); multilayer PC (Merlon) and fluoropolymer randomly add EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) layer; PA (polyamide)/ionomer blend.
8. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10); wherein said first conductive polymer coating (22) is a partially transparent; and transparent polymer (22 ') bar by alternately and conducting polymer (22 ") bar is made; preferred described transparent polymer (22 ') is identical with the material of described first protective clear layer (21), and described conducting polymer (22 ") bar is because its chemical characteristic or its opaque metal or graphite are conducted electricity by the interpolation filler.
9. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein aforementioned paired described protective layer (11) also can be connected along the one or both sides of described plate with (26) with (16) or (21).
10. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said first protective clear layer (21) has the outer surface (21 ') of suitable fluctuating, so that incident light (I) accumulates on the described semi-conducting polymer.
11. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), the connection of wherein said bus (22 ') are by carrying out on the conducting end that bonding jumper (27) is glued to described conducting polymer bar (22 ").
12. photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), the connection of wherein said bus (22 ') makes broach (29) described conducting polymer bar of contact (22 ') after passing described first protective layer (21) carry out by push metal combs (28) from the outside.
13. each in the photovoltaic battery panel according to claim 1 (10), wherein said layer is all made thickness with 300～1000 μ m and the width of 800～1000mm.
14. a multiple-plate method that is used to make the direct coextrusion of polymeric material may further comprise the steps:
A) the described polymer of plasticizing in special purpose machinery (extruder);
B) polymer with plasticizing is delivered to the layering group by pipeline;
C) make different polymer layerings from used different extruders, so that described polymer is arranged and combination with its putting in order in finished product, wherein flow is corresponding to preset thickness and mass ratio;
D) extrude the stream that constitutes by different polymer;
E) make products solidifying, this is undertaken by cooling usually, up to forming the film that thickness is enough operated.
15. an equipment that is used to make the photovoltaic panel of polymeric material is characterized in that described equipment comprises a plurality of extruders (41-46), its collaborative work is used for direct coextruded multilayer, wherein single layer (11-16; 21-26) combine closely.
16. equipment according to claim 15, wherein said equipment comprises:
-the first parallel dual-screw extruding machine (41) is used to prepare the active layer (13,23) of negative n-N-type semiconductor N polymer;
-the second parallel dual-screw extruding machine (42) is used to prepare the active layer (14,24) of positive p-N-type semiconductor N polymer;
-Di three parallel dual-screw extruding machines (43) are used to prepare in order to form the conducting polymer (15,25) of electrode on the one side that is not exposed to solar radiation of battery;
-Di four parallel dual-screw extruding machines (44) are used to prepare in order to form conductive polymer coating (12) or the vertical bar of conducting polymer (22 ") on the one side that is exposed to solar radiation of battery;
-Di five extruders (45), be used to prepare in order to forming the transparent polymer of the vertical bar of transparent polymer (22 ") on the one side that is exposed to solar radiation of battery, its prerequisite is that described the 4th extruder (44) is set to the one side that is exposed to solar radiation at battery and forms the vertical bar of conducting polymer (22 ");
-Di six single screw extrusion machines (46) are used to prepare the transparent polymeric layer (11,21,16,26) in order to the protecting sheathing that forms described battery.
17. equipment according to claim 16, the wherein said first, second, third and the 4th extruder (41-44) have the screw diameter of 55mm～170mm and greater than the spiro rod length of 40 times of this diameters.
18. equipment according to claim 16, wherein said the 5th extruder (45) is a single screw extrusion machine, and it has the screw diameter of 50mm～150mm and greater than the spiro rod length of 30 times of this diameters.
19. device according to claim 16, wherein said the 6th extruder (46) is a single screw extrusion machine, and it has the screw diameter of 100mm～200mm and greater than the spiro rod length of 30 times of this diameters.
20. equipment according to claim 16, if wherein same by the polymer phase of described third and fourth extruder (43 and 44) processing, then the two-layer extruder of can extruding simultaneously suitably with a suitable dimension replaces this two extruders.
21. equipment according to claim 16, wherein said extruder is by coming charging to the distributor (47-52) that the amount of the different component that constitutes each layer manufacturing prescription is weighed.
22. equipment according to claim 21 wherein for described double screw extruder (41-44), uses the distributor (47-50) of continuous measurement flow to be included in the weight that is fed to the material in the extruder in the hopper in time with detection.
23. equipment according to claim 21 wherein for single screw extrusion machine (45,46), uses the distributor (51,52) that disposes discontinuous mixing and weighing system.
24. equipment according to claim 16 is comprising the gas extraction system with one or more mouth (63).
25. equipment according to claim 16 wherein for each extruder (41-46), preestablishes the corresponding assembly (64-69) that is used to filter with the pumping molten polymer.
26. equipment according to claim 16, wherein preestablish laminater (80), by described laminater (80) different polymer are arranged as its order in the finished product battery, if the polymer chosen in advance of interosculating is for similar each other, then they can directly contact mutually in described laminater (80); Perhaps on the other hand, if the polymer chosen in advance of interosculating is for incompatible each other, then the adjacent layer in the described multilayer also keep is separated in cross-head, make described layer and it is contacted with each other before being about to extrude by die plate (87) by multichannel head (81).
CN2009801190227A 2008-05-20 2009-05-15 Photovoltaic panel, relative production process and plant for carrying out such a process Active CN102037571B (en)

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WO2009141726A2 (en) 2009-11-26
ITMI20080927A1 (en) 2009-11-21
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