CN102033980A - Digital preparation method of titanium mesh skull prosthesis - Google Patents
Digital preparation method of titanium mesh skull prosthesis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102033980A CN102033980A CN 201010504733 CN201010504733A CN102033980A CN 102033980 A CN102033980 A CN 102033980A CN 201010504733 CN201010504733 CN 201010504733 CN 201010504733 A CN201010504733 A CN 201010504733A CN 102033980 A CN102033980 A CN 102033980A
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- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
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- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A digital preparation method of a titanium mesh skull prosthesis belongs to the medical field of cranial nerve surgical skull prosthesis and is used for solving the problems of complex design of a prosthesis model, large resilience of prosthesis forming, poor processing precision and the like in the prior art. The invention designs a skull restoration body model based on a skull CT image, a rapid prototyping system produces a reference restoration body, and simultaneously carries out numerical simulation analysis on the restoration body in the forming and rebounding process, repeatedly modifies the processing track and the supporting mold until the rebounding amount meets the requirement, then introduces a plate moving coil electromagnetic incremental forming system to form the restoration body, and finally carries out cutting by comparison with the reference restoration body to obtain the final restoration body. The method is characterized in that a prosthesis model design is carried out by a method of directly carrying out line-to-plane, numerical simulation is carried out on the prosthesis forming, and a plate moving coil electromagnetic incremental forming system is adopted for processing. The invention has the advantages of short period for manufacturing the prosthesis, small resilience amount, high precision, good fitting property with the skull of a patient and realization of high-quality skull repair.
Description
Technical field
A kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method is mainly used in medical domain, is specially adapted to the neuro-surgery skull and repairs and medical science lift face shaping field.
Background technology
Repair the field at the neuro-surgery skull, titanium alloy becomes the ideal material that present skull is repaired because of its histocompatbility is good, light weight and intensity are high.And titanium alloy prepares skull repairing body and relies on manual mouldingly at first, and is still domestic the general moulding means that adopt at present.The doctor precasts the general shape of dummy by hand according to the face shaping of patient's defect and self experience, and the skull that exposes with the patient during operation compares, craft correction of the flank shape repeatedly again, and terminal disinfection is finished operation.Such method operating time is long, is difficult to the effect that reaches desirable in requirement attractive in appearance, can not be complete adaptive with defects with skull, have mutual resistibility between embedded material and the stationary installation, and postoperative is loosening easily, displacement, headache.This has buried hidden danger for the safety of patient's postoperative.
The existing abroad research of the personalized design that skull becomes second nature.At first utilize numerically-controlled machine to process the dummy diel, on pressing machine, utilize mould compacting dummy then, reduce detoxicating at last and finish operation.Mould is compressed on has certain advance to a certain extent, alleviated doctor's labour intensity, but its fabrication cycle long (about 3 months), expense height (external general 100,000 Renminbi/example), after moreover mould is fixing, can't solve the resilience problem that dummy compacting back produces, thereby the quality of fit of dummy is exerted an influence.
It is exactly lost-wax casting that the skull repairing body making also has a kind of method of widespread usage.At first utilize rapid prototyping technology to prepare the wax pattern of dummy, adopt the method cast titanium alloy of lost-wax casting, bore mounting hole and growth hole then on the titanium alloy dummy, terminal disinfection is finished operation.Though casting has solved the precision problem of dummy, complex process cost height, titanium alloy be the meeting oxidation in casting process, and dummy thickness can not be too thin, otherwise can not cast.
Also the someone proposes to use digital Design and rapid prototyping system to prepare the method for skull repairing body at home.(patent No.: 03156843.2) utilization digital Design dummy three-dimensional model and then utilization multi-point forming system are made skull repairing body to patent " a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy skull repairing body ", though the problem that other method dummy edge and the applying of defect edge before the method has solved, cost height, Production Time are grown has certain advance.But the method adopts multi-point forming system compacting dummy to need repeatedly compacting and overvoltage compacting dummy in case rebound phenomenon, and the low and bigger dummy that suppress of efficient still has rebound phenomenon.
(patent No.: utilization digital Design dummy three-dimensional model uses the progressive molding system to make skull patch to patent " a kind of method for preparing titanium alloy skull repairing body " again 20041007339.2).The restriction that dummy poor dimensional precision that the method is shaped and radius-of-curvature are subjected to the tool heads radius, although with soft measures such as cloth parcel mould, all can't avoid directly contacting the slide mark that extrusion molding exists because of tool heads, surface quality is relatively poor, and the tool heads resistance makes the titanium net wrinkling and pull open greatly and easily.
Patent " skull patch and preparation method thereof " (application number: 200710064204) behind the digital Design dummy, make mould compacting dummy again.When the design dummy, use image method in the method, asymmetry because of skull, made dummy does not extremely meet the patient, and seek similar skull person's method, be difficult to seek shortcomings such as similar person, difficulty are big, work complexity, and the method that adopts first processing mold to suppress again, Production Time is long, and shortcoming such as the dummy springback capacity of compacting is big, the applying precision is low, unrelieved stress is big.
Patent " preparation method of titanium net skull restoration " (application number: import each unit spot data of making one by one from CT thin layer scanning picture 200810060908), use multi-point forming system to form again according to each unit spot data compacting titanium net.The method makes workload very big complicated because of CT atlas amount more, and three-dimensional model is not for deviser's reference intuitively, and the utilization multi-point forming system is suppressed dummy, and springback capacity is big and precision is low, there is no with reference to dummy contrast cutting distinct disadvantage such as the border precision is low after the pressure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is primarily aimed at the deficiencies in the prior art and shortcoming, proposes a kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method.Concrete technical thought is the information of gathering the patient's skull defect with two-dimentional tomography digital imaging technology, after Flame Image Process, rebuild the three-dimensional prototype of skull, carry out the curve reestablishing and the three-dimensional modeling design of dummy after the data of utilization reverse Engineering Technology extraction defect and import rapid prototyping system making with reference to dummy, simultaneously dummy is formed and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, after springback capacity meets certain requirement, dummy curved surface and machining locus data importing sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system are carried out dummy and are shaped, last with contrast cutting repeatedly with reference to dummy and obtain final skull repairing body.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is with reference to Fig. 1, this method is with the spiral CT machine measuring equipment and is means by three-dimensionalreconstruction software (Mimics), by the CT image is carried out corresponding image, graphics process, obtain surfaces externally and internally outline data in kind, rebuild the skull model and data are converted to the receivable interface data of reverse engineering software (3-matic), the contrary then dummy curved surface data of obtaining, the dummy curved surface data being imported CAD software (adopting PRO-E) designs the dummy model and imports the rapid prototyping system shaping with reference to dummy again, use CAE software (ABAQUS) that dummy is formed simultaneously and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, after springback capacity meets certain requirement, convert thereof into the stl file form and import sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system and carry out dummy and be shaped, last with contrast cutting repeatedly with reference to dummy and obtain final skull repairing body.
The invention provides the method for carrying out the curve reestablishing of dummy after a kind of data of using reverse Engineering Technology to extract defect, can use 3-matic software can directly carry out the structure of dummy curved surface to face by line.Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) skull 3 D model is imported in the 3-matic software, adjust the position of model;
(2) respectively skull 3 D model is carried out laterally, vertically cuts the X-Y scheme layer and carries out design with reference to curve with reference to defect;
(3) line of reference is adjusted, made two with reference to curve intersection and attractive in appearance;
(4) go out the boundary curve of dummy with reference to skull defeci position boundary mapping;
(5) utilization curved surface Core Generator generates the three-dimension curved surface of final dummy according to reference curve and boundary curve;
This method provides the method for a kind of effective control dummy resilience, promptly dummy is formed and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, meet certain requirement until springback capacity, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sets up the design of supporting mould CAD profile according to the shape of dummy design, determine the technological parameter and the machining path of progressive molding;
(2) hold mode and plate model are divided grid, form and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of each network node of dummy;
(3) multiply by a penalty coefficient according to the springback capacity of each grid node after, initial each node of hold mode is made corresponding reversal deformation handles, obtain die face and machining path behind the springback compensation;
(4) carry out once more under identical technological parameter then that dummy is shaped and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process;
(5) obtain drip molding shape after the dummy shaping resilience, and with the shape of initial designs relatively, measure the resilience error and whether satisfy the dummy accuracy requirement;
(6) as not satisfying accuracy requirement, then proceed springback compensation processing and the shaping and the resilience numerical simulation analysis of support model face, the size that iterates to final dummy resilience meets the demands;
(7) with bolster model face CAE grid model behind satisfactory the hold mode CAE network model importing springback compensation;
(8) set up the compensation vector of supporting die face;
(9) according to compensation vector reconstruct bolster model face CAD 3D model;
(10) process support mould, preserving final machining path data is that follow-up work is prepared.
The invention provides the method that a kind of dummy is shaped, promptly adopt sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system to carry out dummy and be shaped, concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) with emulation and machining path data importing formation system in;
(2) will prop up hold mode is installed on the bolster model frame;
(3) with the titanium alloy reticulated plate holder between two sheet metals, sheet metal can be that alloys such as aluminium, magnesium are thin, one reinstates sheet material clamping jacking gear fixes;
(4) begin to be shaped processing until finishing dummy;
The present invention compared with prior art has following outstanding advantage and effect:
1, utilization 3-matic software directly designs dummy, and the deviser can design attractive in appearancely according to self experience and professional knowledge easily, and applying precision height has personalized dummy.
2, the utilization CAE software forms dummy and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process before processing, revise repeatedly to support and touch and machining path, meet certain requirement until springback capacity, but the springback capacity of better controlled dummy is that other prior art and method are incomparable, has significantly improved the applying precision and the aesthetics of final dummy.
3, we use sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system to carry out the dummy shaping in job operation, characteristics such as be easy to because of electromagnetic forming technique has machining energy that accurate control, forming speed are fast, Forming Workpiece precision height, shaping dies are simple, shaping dummy surface quality height, forming speed is fast, the forming accuracy advantages of higher.
4, we use two sheet metals to clamp titanium alloy sheet when being shaped, and can improve the operation efficiency of electromagnetic force like this, also can protect the surface of titanium alloy, have improved the surface quality of dummy, make final dummy more attractive in appearance, and the applying precision is advantages of higher more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the skull repairing body of the inventive method is specifically made process flow diagram;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of data processing figure of fault image;
Fig. 3 is the skull three-dimensional entity model after rebuilding;
Reference curve and boundary curve when Fig. 4 is the design curved surface;
Fig. 5 is the three-dimensional surface model of the dummy of design;
Fig. 6 be rapid shaping with reference to dummy;
Fig. 7 is final dummy;
Embodiment
In the technology of the present invention, CT Flame Image Process and three-dimensionalreconstruction software adopt MIMICS software, and reverse engineering software adopts 3-matic, and the CAD software that makes up the dummy three-dimensional surface model adopts PRO-E software, and dummy simulation resilience software can adopt ABAQUS software.Concrete steps are as follows:
1, CT scan data; Data after the scanning pass to image workstation by the DICOM interface from the CT main frame, with the DICOM form it are carved into CD for next step use then.
2, once import the image of the DICOM form of several standards with MIMICS, and then be converted to inner general form and handle.The image parameters that MIMICS needs in the format conversion process has a lot, but generally can both read automatically in the DICOM form.What generally need manually input is the directional information of fault image, is divided into TOP, BOTTOM, LEFT, RIGHT, ANTER IOR, POSTER IOR six direction by medical terminology, need import on image.Again image is carried out pre-service, to remove noise.
3, can utilize a threshold T, bone and soft tissue are divided into bright and dark two classes, realize that the binaryzation of image is cut apart, thereby extract bone portion.The first step is utilized the statistical information of image, in conjunction with the thought of inter-class variance, asks for gray threshold T, cuts apart thereby two dimensional image is carried out two-value; On the other hand, ask for the profile that its Grads threshold G extracts tissue according to the gradient information of image.Select the bony areas that needs as seed region in definite aspect, click automated regional growth order then, finish the reconstruction of the three-dimensional model of skull more automatically.The data file of output STL form.
4, the stl file that obtains is imported in the 3-matic design platform position of adjusting model; Respectively skull 3 D model is carried out laterally, vertically cuts the X-Y scheme layer and carries out design with reference to curve with reference to defect; Go out the boundary curve of dummy with reference to skull defeci position boundary mapping; Utilization curved surface Core Generator generates the three-dimension curved surface of final dummy according to reference curve and boundary curve.
5, will be shaped with reference to the dummy entity in the three-dimension curved surface data importing rapid forming system.
6, dummy is formed and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, meet certain requirement until springback capacity, the concrete operations step is as follows:
(1) sets up the design of supporting mould CAD profile according to the shape of dummy design, determine the technological parameter and the machining path of progressive molding;
(2) hold mode and plate model are divided grid, form and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of each network node of dummy;
(3) multiply by a penalty coefficient (being greater than or less than 1) according to the springback capacity of each grid node after, initial each node of hold mode is made corresponding reversal deformation handles, obtain die face and machining path behind the springback compensation;
(4) carry out once more under identical technological parameter then that dummy is shaped and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process;
(5) obtain drip molding shape after the dummy shaping resilience, and with the shape of initial designs relatively, measure the resilience error and whether satisfy the dummy accuracy requirement;
(6) as not satisfying accuracy requirement, then proceed springback compensation processing and the shaping and the resilience numerical simulation analysis of support model face, the size that iterates to final dummy resilience meets the demands;
(7) with bolster model face CAE grid model behind satisfactory the hold mode CAE network model importing springback compensation;
(8) set up the compensation vector of supporting die face;
(9) according to compensation vector reconstruct bolster model face CAD 3D model;
(10) process support mould, preserving final machining path data is that follow-up work is prepared.
7, with emulation last and machining path data importing formation system in, and a hold mode that will process is installed on the bolster model frame.With titanium alloy reticulated plate holder (sheet metal can be lattens such as aluminium, magnesium) between two sheet metals, one reinstates sheet material clamping jacking gear fixes, and begins processing and is shaped until finishing dummy.
8, fit at last that cutting obtains final dummy with reference to dummy.
9, be used for operation after the sterilization.
Embodiment
This example CT scan is used GEHGH SPEED 16 row CT machines, the head portion C T data of gathering human body.Head scanning adopts 5mm bed thickness (should adopt 1-1.5mm when specifically using, complex-curved district is made as 1mm, and mild curved regions can be set to 1.5mm), 150KV, and 160m As has scanned about 32 layer data at last; Data after the scanning pass to image workstation by the DICOM interface from the CT main frame, with the DICOM form it are carved into CD for next step use then.Once import the image of the DICOM form of several standards with MIMICS, and then be converted to inner general form and handle, again image is carried out pre-service, to remove noise.Threshold T=800 are set, bone and soft tissue are divided into bright and dark two classes, realize that the binaryzation of image is cut apart, extract bone portion.Select the bony areas that needs as seed region in definite aspect, click automated regional growth order then, finish the reconstruction (as shown in Figure 3) of the three-dimensional model of skull more automatically, export the data file of STL form.The stl file that obtains is imported in the 3-matic design platform, adjust the position of model, respectively skull 3 D model is carried out laterally, vertically cuts the X-Y scheme layer and carries out design (as shown in Figure 4) with reference to curve with reference to defect, go out the boundary curve of dummy with reference to skull defeci position boundary mapping, utilization curved surface Core Generator generates the three-dimension curved surface (as shown in Figure 5) of final dummy according to reference curve and boundary curve.Will carry out among the three-dimension curved surface data importing PRO-E curved surface biasing 2mm and the three-dimensional modeling of dummy.Import again that (SPS600 Solid State Laser fast forming machine selects bed thickness 0.1mm, and 4mm is highly selected in infrastructural support) is shaped with reference to dummy entity (as shown in Figure 6) in the rapid forming system.Shape according to the dummy design is set up the design of supporting mould CAD profile, determine the technological parameter of progressive molding, a hold mode and plate model are divided grid, form and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of each network node of dummy, after multiply by a penalty coefficient according to the springback capacity of each grid node, initial each node of hold mode is made corresponding reversal deformation to be handled, obtain the die face behind the springback compensation, under identical technological parameter, carry out the numerical simulation analysis of dummy shaping and springback process then once more, drip molding shape after the acquisition dummy shaping resilience, and with the shape of initial designs relatively, measure the resilience error and whether satisfy the dummy accuracy requirement, as not satisfying accuracy requirement, then proceed springback compensation processing and the shaping and the resilience numerical simulation analysis of support model face, the size that iterates to final dummy resilience meets the demands, with bolster model face CAE grid model behind satisfactory the hold mode CAE network model importing springback compensation, set up the compensation vector of supporting die face, according to compensation vector reconstruct bolster model face CAD 3D model, process support mould.Emulation in the machining path data importing formation system that gets, will be propped up hold mode and will be installed on the bolster model frame at last.Between two aluminium alloy sheets, one reinstates sheet material clamping jacking gear fixes with the titanium alloy reticulated plate holder, begins processing and is shaped until finishing dummy, and fitting at last, cutting obtains final dummy (as shown in Figure 7) with reference to dummy.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (5)
1. a titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method is characterized in that, gathers the skull defeci location information with the CT machine, is prepared from through following machining process:
(1) image processing software carries out skull 3 D model reconstruct after handling;
(2) the utilization reverse engineering software is constructed the dummy curved surface, uses the three-dimensional model of CAD software design skull repairing body again;
(3) importing rapid prototyping system makes with reference to dummy, simultaneously dummy is formed and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, meet the requirements until the simulation springback capacity, derive machining locus;
(4) machining locus data importing sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system is carried out dummy and is shaped, last with contrast cutting repeatedly with reference to dummy and obtain final skull repairing body.
2. a kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described CT machine is gathered the skull defeci location information, setting the scanning slice spacing is 1～1.5mm, complex structure degree according to scanning place is set, be set at 1mm in the complex structure zone, mild zone is set at 1.5mm.
3. a kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, carry out the curve reestablishing of dummy after the data of described utilization reverse Engineering Technology extraction defect, utilization 3-matic software carries out the structure of dummy curved surface, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) skull 3 D model is imported in the 3-matic software, adjust the position of model;
(2) respectively skull 3 D model is carried out laterally, vertically cuts the X-Y scheme layer and carries out design with reference to curve with reference to defect;
(3) go out the boundary curve of dummy with reference to skull defeci position boundary mapping;
(4) utilization curved surface Core Generator generates the three-dimension curved surface of final dummy according to reference curve and boundary curve.
4. a kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, dummy is formed and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of dummy, revise a machining locus and a hold mode repeatedly, meet the requirements until the simulation springback capacity, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) sets up support mould CAD profile according to the shape of dummy design, determine the machining path and the technological parameter of progressive molding;
(2) hold mode and plate model are divided grid, form and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process, obtain the resilience size of each network node of dummy;
(3) multiply by a penalty coefficient according to the springback capacity of each grid node after, initial each node of hold mode is made corresponding reversal deformation handles, obtain bolster model face and machining path behind the springback compensation;
(4) carry out once more under identical technological parameter then that dummy is shaped and the numerical simulation analysis of springback process;
(5) obtain drip molding shape after the dummy shaping resilience, and with the shape of initial designs relatively, measure the resilience error and whether satisfy the dummy accuracy requirement;
(6) as not satisfying accuracy requirement, then proceed springback compensation processing and the shaping and the resilience numerical simulation analysis of support model face, the size that iterates to final dummy resilience meets the demands;
(7) with bolster model face CAE grid model behind satisfactory the hold mode CAE network model importing springback compensation;
(8) set up the compensation vector of supporting die face;
(9) according to compensation vector reconstruct bolster model face CAD 3D model;
(10) process support mould, preserving final machining path data is that follow-up work is prepared.
5. a kind of titanium net skull restoration digitizing preparation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts sheet material moving-coil electromagnetism progressive molding system to carry out dummy and is shaped, and concrete implementation step is as follows:
(1) in the machining path data importing formation system that emulation is obtained;
(2) will prop up hold mode is installed on the bolster model frame;
(3) with the titanium alloy reticulated plate holder between two sheet metals, sheet metal can be lattens such as aluminium, magnesium, one reinstates sheet material clamping jacking gear fixes;
(4) begin to be shaped processing until finishing dummy.
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| CN105816232A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-08-03 | 南方医科大学 | Designing and forming method for anatomical bone plate of individuation bone model |
| WO2018103640A1 (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2018-06-14 | 广州迈普再生医学科技有限公司 | Skull repair system and preparation method therefor |
| CN108765483A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-06 | 东北大学 | The method and system of sagittal plane in being determined in a kind of CT images from brain |
| CN110101488A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-09 | 山东大学 | A kind of macro micro- integrated progressive molding preparation method of implant and the implant of acquisition |
| CN115446547A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-12-09 | 景德镇陶瓷大学 | Titanium mesh plate incremental forming method and preparation method of cranial prosthesis |
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| CN110101488B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-11-09 | 山东大学 | Macro-micro integrated incremental forming preparation method for implant and implant obtained by macro-micro integrated incremental forming preparation method |
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