CN102033227A - Weak target detection method for passive radar taking global positioning system (GPS) navigation satellite as external radiation source - Google Patents
Weak target detection method for passive radar taking global positioning system (GPS) navigation satellite as external radiation source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a weak target detection method for a passive radar taking a global positioning system (GPS) navigation satellite as an external radiation source. A standard GPS receiver is adopted in a reference channel and a received signal is taken as a reference signal and purified. The method comprises the following steps of: in a radar target echo channel, amplifying and filtering the signal, performing down conversion to a medium frequency for processing, removing navigation information carried in a GPS signal, suppressing direct waves and flooding waves by using a least square (LS)-CLEAN method, performing matched filtering on suppressed signal and the reference signal and performing Doppler effect correction at the output end of a matched filter; suppressing the shielding effect of a strong target side lobe on the weak target; and performing coherent integration and constant false alarm processing. Direct wave interference, multipath interference, flooding wave interference and shielding interference of a strong target echo side lobe can be suppressed effectively, so that weak target echo is detected.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of passive radar technical field, relates in particular to utilize the GPS navigation satellite as the Weak target detecting method in the passive radar field in external radiation source.
Background technology
Passive radar is meant radar itself not electromagnetic signals and the radar of only using target emanation electromagnetic wave signal (external radiation source) to carry out target detection and tracking, and it has good " four resistance energy " and has low, disguised strong, the maneuverability advantages of higher of cost.The electromagnetic signal of target emanation may be the signal of target self emission, or the electromagnetic signal of third party's electromagnetic wave signal behind target reflection.Therefore, according to the target emanation type of signal source, passive radar can be divided into two classes: the one, utilize the passive radar of target self radiation source, and comprise the radiation source that target to be observed is self-contained, as electronic equipments such as radar, communication, answering machine, Active Jamming and navigation; The 2nd, utilize the third party to transmit through the passive radar of the signal of target reflection, this class emissive source comprises terrestrial broadcasting radio station, TV station, communication station, live telecast satellite and satellite navigation and location system etc.From radar system, its receiver is the strange land configuration with the transmitter that sends the external radiation source, so it also belongs to two (many) Ji Leida.
Have the advantage that a lot of traditional monostatic radars do not have based on gps signal as external radiation signal passive radar: (1) passive radar receiver is not owing to there is powerful device, and the influence that not leaked by transmitter power, thereby has higher sensitivity; (2) a plurality of operation of receiver can carry out passive location to interference source; (3) because sending and receiving split, and receiver is mourned in silence, also can be motor-driven, so system has the ability of anti-electronics investigation, the destruction of anti-interference and anti-antiradiation missile; (4) when receiver is preposition, can utilize irradiation source aerial, the space, can detect the following and deck-level target in far field of sight line of transmitter, anti-ultra-low altitude penetration ability is strong; (5) has anti-stealthy effect, because stealthy target only has minimum radar cross section (RCS) in nose cone o30 π scope, and side direction and top scattering and diffraction do not reduce, and is also very strong, makes passive radar have good effect to the detection of stealthy target; (6) because self launching electromagnetic wave not, the passive radar system has disguise and emergentness, and the system survival ability is strong.
Core technology based on the passive radar of gps signal is passive relevant location technology, its basic thought be beyond radiation source emission the direct wave signal as a reference, the signal energy of check and analysis target reflection radiation source emission, estimate the parameters such as arrival direction, time of arrival and Doppler shift of target echo, thereby realize location and tracking target.Because gps satellite signal belongs to omnidirectional's continuous-wave radiation, the direct wave signal is very strong, exist multipath effect to make clutter stronger, and the echo of strong target also can disturb the detection of weak target echo greatly, need carry out therefore that clutter suppresses and signal Processing just can detect target to the non-co-operation signal that receives.
It is the guardian technique problem that the passive radar system is faced in signal Processing that undesired signal suppresses, the inhibition algorithm of taking at present mainly contains: (a) based on the interference nulling of the capable one-tenth of adaptive beam: ultimate principle is the amplitude and the phase place of regulating the bay weighting coefficient according to acceptance criteria automatically, make the cost function value minimum, make system reach optimum reception under this criterion, wherein to form be that two kinds of optimal beam that adaptive beam forms form devices for least mean-square error (MMSE) and linear restriction minimum variance (LCMV) criterion wave beam; (b) adopt adaptive filter algorithm to disturb inhibition; (c) direct wave based on subspace projection suppresses algorithm: this algorithm need not the required interference radiating way information of traditional adaptive disturbance null placing technique, also need not the reference channel in the sidelobe cancellation technology, but utilize the receiving end equivalent signal to construct the orthogonal intersection cast shadow matrix of direct wave subspace, carry out projection to received signal, disturb thereby suppress direct wave.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can suppress direct wave interference, multipath interference, noise jamming effectively and strong target echo secondary lobe covers interference, thereby what detect the weak target echo is the passive radar Weak target detecting method in external radiation source with the GPS navigation satellite.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Adopt the GPS receiver of standard in reference channel, the signal that receives carries out purification processes as the reference signal to it; In the radar target passage, the signal that receives comprises by force, the echoed signal of weak target, direct wave disturbs, multipath disturbs, noise jamming and noise, at first it is amplified and filtering, being down-converted to intermediate frequency then handles, remove the navigation information that carries in the gps signal, utilize the LS-CLEAN method to carry out direct wave and clutter inhibition, signal and reference signal after suppressing are carried out matched filtering, output terminal at matched filter at first carries out Doppler effect correction, bridging effect to weak target suppresses to strong target secondary lobe again, carries out coherent accumulation at last, CFAR is handled.
The process that the described LS-CLEAN of utilization method is carried out direct wave and clutter inhibition is as follows:
(1) the time delay battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_d
(2) time delay-Doppler's battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_df
(3) construction data battle array A constitutes the interference subspace with its column vector;
(4) structure projection matrix P with the subspace that the target echo channel signal projected to and disturbed the subspace quadrature, reaches the purpose of carrying out direct wave, multipath, noise jamming inhibition;
(5) matrix is at this moment composed initialization iterations j=0 to processing array S as initial value;
(6) j=j+1 upgrades processing array
(7) detected target is
(8) energy of residual signal is judged,, then proceeded, otherwise loop ends detects all weak targets this moment to step (6) if it is higher than noise level.
Of the present invention in based on the passive radar detection system of GPS navigation satellite as the external radiation source, the method of utilizing the LS-CLEAN algorithm to carry out the weak target detection has following good effect and advantage: adopt the method can suppress direct wave interference, multipath interference and noise jamming effectively, can also eliminate the capture-effect of strong target echo secondary lobe effectively to the weak target echo, calculated amount is easy simultaneously, is fit to handle in real time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the passive radar system schematic of GPS navigation satellite as the external radiation source;
Fig. 2 is based on the passive radar signal processing of GPS navigation satellite as the external radiation source;
Fig. 3 is the enforcement block diagram that the LS-CLEAN method is carried out the weak target testing process.
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is further elaborated.
As shown in Figure 1, belong to many bases passive radar detection system based on the GPS navigation satellite as the passive radar detection system in external radiation source, receive the radiofrequency signal of 4 GPS navigation satellites transmits at the passive radar receiver end, receiving system is divided into reference channel and radar target passage, is used for receiving the direct wave signal respectively and through the echoed signal of target reflection.
As shown in Figure 2, adopt the GPS receiver of standard in reference channel, the signal that receives carries out purification processes as the reference signal to it; In the radar target passage, that the signal that receives comprises is strong, echoed signal, direct wave interference, multipath interference, noise jamming and the noise etc. of weak target.At first it is amplified and filtering, being down-converted to intermediate frequency then handles, remove the navigation information that carries in the gps signal, utilize the LS-CLEAN method to carry out direct wave and clutter inhibition, signal and reference signal after suppressing are carried out matched filtering, at first carry out Doppler effect correction at the output terminal of matched filter, the bridging effect to weak target suppresses to strong target secondary lobe again, carry out coherent accumulation, CFAR processing at last, reach the purpose that detects weak target.
In conjunction with Fig. 3, it is as follows that the present invention utilizes LS-CLEAN to carry out the process that weak target detects:
(1) the time delay battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_d
(2) time delay-Doppler's battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_df
(3) construction data battle array A constitutes the interference subspace with its column vector;
(4) structure projection matrix P with the subspace that the target echo channel signal projected to and disturbed the subspace quadrature, reaches the purpose of carrying out direct wave, multipath, noise jamming inhibition;
(5) matrix is at this moment composed initialization iterations j=0 to processing array S as initial value;
(6) j=j+1 upgrades processing array
(7) detected target is
(8) energy of residual signal is judged,, then proceeded, otherwise loop ends detects all weak targets this moment to step 6 if it is higher than noise level.
A kind of Weak target detecting method of the present invention based on the LS-CLEAN algorithm, radar echo signal is projected in and disturbs in the subspace of subspace quadrature, direct wave interference, multipath interference are effectively suppressed, then echoed signal is carried out Doppler effect correction, further suppress of the bridging effect of each strong target secondary lobe iteratively, thereby accurately detect weak target the weak target echo.
Receiving cable is divided into reference channel and target echo passage two parts in the system of the present invention, reference channel receives the direct signal of GPS navigation satellite as the reference signal, the target echo passage receives the signal of gps signal through arriving behind the target reflection, also has the bridging effect to weak target of direct wave interference, multipath interference and strong target secondary lobe this moment in the target echo passage.The thought of the LS-CLEAN algorithm that the present invention adopts is in the radar target passage, makes to utilize signal errors quadratic sum minimum after this method is disturbed inhibition, promptly makes the following formula minimum:
In the formula, ξ is for disturbing the signal errors quadratic sum after suppressing; || formula is represented the signal delivery; s
ExpIt is the radar target channel signal of expectation; s
Surv_cIt is the output signal of utilizing after the LS-CLEAN algorithm carries out preliminary direct wave and multipath interference inhibition; To t observing time
1t
2Sample, the corresponding sampling points scope is i
1i
2, i is traversal sample range i
1i
2Sampled point.
In reference channel, (R is interested range points number for the simple crosscorrelation of target echo signal and reference signal on R range points before obtaining is exported, value in the light of actual conditions), reference signal is observed (R-1) individual sampled point more, reference signal is expanded to (N+R-1) individual sampled point (wherein N is the sampled point number of target echo signal after sampling), the reference battle array that the signal that received by reference channel this moment constitutes is:
In the formula, s
RefExpression is with reference to battle array; s
Ref(i) be illustrated in the reference signal of i sampled point,
Expression is to transpose of a matrix.
Preceding K pending in reference channel time delay point handled (K is interested time delay point number, in the light of actual conditions value), and the time delay that structure has (K-1) individual time delay point with reference to battle array is:
In the formula, S
Ref_dExpression has the time delay of (K-1) individual time delay point with reference to battle array; D is the time delay battle array, and its form is as follows:
In the formula, d
IjIt is capable to be positioned at i among the expression time delay battle array D, the element of j row.
The time delay reference signal is constructed each different Doppler shifts, and time delay-Doppler of this moment with reference to battle array is:
S
ref_df＝[F
-pS
ref_d，·，F
-1S
ref_d，F
0S
ref_d，F
1S
ref_d，·，F
pS
ref_d] (5)
In the formula, S
Ref_dfFor having (K-1) individual time delay point, (2p+1) time delay-Doppler of individual Doppler shift point is with reference to battle array; F
pBe the Doppler shift battle array (p is interested Doppler shift point number, in the light of actual conditions value) of p Doppler shift point, as follows:
For will prolong-Doppler is with reference to the signal association of battle array and target echo passage output, utilize incidence matrix B to will prolong-Doppler handles with reference to battle array and obtains data battle array A, be shown below:
A＝BS
ref_df (7)
In the formula, B is an incidence matrix, is shown below:
In the formula, b
IjCapable for being positioned at i among the incidence matrix B, the element of j row.
The column vector of data battle array A is constituted the interference subspace of (2p+1) K dimension, utilize projection operator P with the radar target signal projection to the subspace of disturbing the subspace quadrature in, projection operator P is expressed as:
P＝I-A(A
HA)
-1A
H (9)
In the formula, A is a data matrix; A
HHermitian matrix for A; ()
-1Be the inverse of a matrix matrix; I is and the unit matrix of A with dimension;
Received signal S with the radar target passage
SurvProjection in the subspace of disturbing the subspace quadrature in, played purpose to direct wave disturbs and the multipath interference suppresses.With radar target signal in the subspace of disturbing the subspace quadrature is exactly to make the signal of itself and wanted signal error sum of squares minimum, and the radar target signal after tentatively suppressing is:
s
Surv_cBe to target echo signal s
SurvDirect wave disturb and multipath disturbs signal after suppressing, at this moment, the weak target echo is still because the bridging effect of strong target echo secondary lobe and not detectable, so will further remove the capture-effect of the strong target echo secondary lobe that has detected.At first, to s
Surv_cCarry out Doppler shift compensation (compensation method is not done concrete research at this), iteration is carried out in the bridging effect of strong target peak secondary lobe of the matched filtering output terminal after the compensation suppress.
Signal after the signal in the radar target passage being carried out direct wave, multipath, noise jamming suppresses and carrying out Doppler effect correction is output as C through matched filter
InterThe capture-effect of strong target echo secondary lobe finally detects the weak target echoed signal according to by suppressing successively to weak order by force.When suppressing strong target echo capture-effect, the initialization process matrix S makes processing array be at initial time first:
S
0＝C
inter (11)
In the formula, S is a processing array, and following footnote is represented iterations, S
0Initial value for processing array; C
InterBe matched filter output.
Carrying out the j time iteration when suppressing (iterations j should more than the target number), processing array S upgraded according to following principle:
In the formula, C
ABe reference signal s
RefAutocorrelation matrix;
Maximal value;
Time delay for the maximal value correspondence.
Through iterative processing, this moment, detected target echo signal was:
In the formula,
Detected target echo during for preceding (j-1) inferior iteration; I is the time delay of this moment; δ is an impulse response function.
The end condition of iteration is as follows: the energy to residual signal calculates, if it is near the noise level of expectation, then iteration finishes, the s of this moment
WtBe the weak target that has detected; Otherwise, if far above noise level, illustrating, the residual signal energy still have target echo to exist, the weak target that then carries out next time detects processing.
Claims (2)
1. one kind is the passive radar Weak target detecting method in external radiation source with the GPS navigation satellite, it is characterized in that: adopt the GPS receiver of standard in reference channel, the signal that receives carries out purification processes as the reference signal to it; In the radar target passage, the signal that receives comprises by force, the echoed signal of weak target, direct wave disturbs, multipath disturbs, noise jamming and noise, at first it is amplified and filtering, being down-converted to intermediate frequency then handles, remove the navigation information that carries in the gps signal, utilize the LS-CLEAN method to carry out direct wave and clutter inhibition, signal and reference signal after suppressing are carried out matched filtering, output terminal at matched filter at first carries out Doppler effect correction, bridging effect to weak target suppresses to strong target secondary lobe again, carries out coherent accumulation at last, CFAR is handled.
2. the process that the described LS-CLEAN of utilization method according to claim 1 is carried out direct wave and clutter inhibition is as follows:
(1) the time delay battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_d
(2) time delay-Doppler's battle array S of structure reference signal
Ref_df
(3) construction data battle array A constitutes the interference subspace with its column vector;
(4) structure projection matrix P with the subspace that the target echo channel signal projected to and disturbed the subspace quadrature, reaches the purpose of carrying out direct wave, multipath, noise jamming inhibition;
(5) matrix is at this moment composed initialization iterations j=0 to processing array S as initial value;
(6) j=j+1 upgrades processing array s
J+1=s
j-m
jC
A
(7) detected target is s
Wt j(i)=s
Wtj-1(i)+m
jδ (i-delay
i);
(8) energy of residual signal is judged,, then proceeded, otherwise loop ends detects all weak targets this moment to step (6) if it is higher than noise level.
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