CN102032218A - Back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treatment method - Google Patents
Back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating a back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treatment method. The method comprises the following steps of: designing a casting treater which only comprises an annular back cavity and is provided with a circular hole or an oblique groove perforated hole; and arranging a back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treater at the front end of the rotor inlet of an axial-flow air compressor and covering the back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treater on a position, which corresponds to the front edge part of a rotor blade, of the casing. In the back cavity-perforated plate-type casing treatment method, self-adaptive flow is formed in the back cavity, unsteady shedding vortex is produced on a perforated plate, and the energy of low-frequency disturbance waves in the flow field of the air compressor can be absorbed and dissipated effectively by the interaction of waves and the vortexes and nonlinear amplification of stall inception is suppressed, so that the occurrence of stall inception in the air compressor can be delayed and the stable working range of an air compressor system is expanded; moreover, the mainstream flow field structure of the air compressor is not influenced directly, so that reduction in pressure ratio and efficiency loss of the air compressor system are not caused, a simple and compact structure is achieved and the limiting requirement of engineering on casing size can be met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of back of the body chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole, be used for widening the axial flow gas compressor stable operation operating range, especially stride the sound axial flow compressor at modern high load; The invention belongs to the turbine technical field.
Background technique:
Axial flow compressor has obtained using widely in the compression system of aeroengine, air-inlet type cruise missile and chemical industry, energy industry as one of three big critical components of airbreathing propulsion system.Yet, stride in the design work of sound axial flow compressor at modern high load, be that the stability problem of representative shows particularly outstandingly with rotating stall, had a strong impact on the stable operation range of axial flow compressor.Along with the continuous increase of working load, the easier stable operation nargin deficiency of gas compressor in operating range that cause, therefore, the stability Design task that high load is striden the sound axial flow compressor becomes more and more arduous.We can say, whether proper to the control of rotating stall, not only directly influence the service behaviours such as pressure ratio, efficient of axial flow compressor, especially with airbreathing propulsion system development and using process in the variety of issue and the fault that occur closely bound up.
In order to solve the unsteady-stage conditions problem that occurs in the above-mentioned gas compressor running, the researcher has attempted the stable operation range that a lot of methods enlarge gas compressor.But at present, all adopt in the engineering reality, but traditional casing treatment technology not only can influence performance characteristic such as the pressure ratio, efficient of system, and there is no unified design criterion such as Passive Control measures such as intergrade venting, casing processing.
By a large amount of experimental studies have found that, handle the nargin that can improve low speed really and stride the sound press mechanism of qi than the casing of large perforation rate, and different effect structures there is significant difference.But what casing was handled influence not merely is to flow and stall margin in the point district, and its has also influenced the voltage rise performance and the efficient of gas compressor simultaneously, and influence casing processing key in application part and be how to handle relation between nargin and the efficient.The researcher is cost with the loss in efficiency generally when using the casing treatment technology, and it is big more to expand steady nargin, and the loss of being suffered is also big more.The work that the designer will do is exactly according to existing understanding, and loss in efficiency is reduced to minimum level as much as possible.
This is that steady mechanism is to control flow separation because traditional casing Treatment Design is based on casing processing expansion, think that flowing of blade tip and blade root place in the flow field of axial flow compressor is the most complicated and abominable, stall also takes place at blade tip or blade root place usually, stride the sound press mechanism of qi for the high load high pressure ratio, the blade tip end wall regions flows more complicated, the blending of tip leakage whirlpool and end wall boundary layer, interference of shock wave and boundary layer or the like more can cause the flow losses of tip and air-flow to stop up, therefore, if can effectively improve flowing of tip or root, effectively eliminate the boundary layer of piling up, reduce flow losses, reduce the blade tip load, nature can postpone the generation of stall.
The existing casing Treatment Design of carrying out based on the way of experience and " examination is gathered ", no doubt might obtain accidental success by the flow field structure that changes gas compressor blade tip zone, but be difficult to adapt to the needs that expand steady design, often on the gas compressor of certain model, use successful casing treatment technology or patent, and on another kind of gas compressor or expand steady best results zone off-design point, or has no effect at all.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of back of the body chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole is provided, widen the stable operation range of axial flow compressor, can keep original pressure ratio characteristic of gas compressor and working efficiency constant substantially simultaneously.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of back of the body chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole, as shown in Figure 1, at first prepare a back of the body chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole, the described back of the body chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole comprises annular back of the body chamber 1 and has the perforated plate 2 of circular hole or skewed slot, annular back of the body chamber 1 is positioned at perforated plate 2 outsides and connects to form sealed gas chamber by the seam bolt arrangement, to carry on the back the chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole then is arranged on axial flow compressor rotor import front end and covers the pairing casing of the leading edge portion place of rotor blade 3, bore a hole that board-like processor box forms in annular back of the body chamber 1 that self adaption flows and produce the non-permanent whirlpool that comes off at perforated plate 2 places in back of the body chamber, the ripple whirlpool interact effectively absorb and dissipation gas compressor flow field in the low-frequency excitation ripple energy and suppress the non-linear amplification of stall tendency, thereby can postpone the generation of tendency stall in the gas compressor, increase the stable operation range of compressor system.
Principle of the present invention: the casing that has an air chamber is handled the obstruction feature actually changed in the blade path that causes stall or effect has been taken place for the tendency ripple of stall initial stage, and when stall just occurs, does not still have any obstruction at all.Although there is not the development of the tendency ripple of control will cause blocking even stall, it then is different fully conducting a research from the angle of controlling stall.If think that it is because suppressed the tendency ripple of stall and then realized that expansion is steady that casing is handled, and then should study mechanism that its suppresses perturbation wave with time-dependent method; If from traditional viewpoint, then the result of the momentum that should be caused from permanent angle explanation casing air chamber backflow, mass exchange explains and expands steady mechanism, the whole effort that will carry out then are that the return flow line that designs in the air chamber makes casing reach the maximum steady effect of expansion for this reason, and the flow losses that reduce casing inside make gas compressor keep higher efficient.
Find in the experimental research that carry out the return flow line in to multiple casing air chamber, under lock chamber deep feeling condition, no matter arrange in the air chamber return flow line that streamline vane still is pure rectangular property dividing plate, all can not significantly change the steady effect of expansion that casing is handled, also not cause the rising of gas compressor working efficiency fully or use the blunt form guide vane to cause decrease in efficiency because use streamlined guide vane.Obviously, explain that with traditional flow blockage there is query in the steady mechanism of expansion that casing is handled.In addition, confirming by experiment that the mobile phase of the casing of flowing through is one in a small amount for main flow, is not to be direct to the influence of efficient.Therefore, at present casing is handled the character that the understanding that expands steady mechanism has phenomenological, experience, obtain better design method must have more deep understanding to the steady mechanism of this casing processing expansion.
The tradition casing handle to be wishes to stop up by changing to flow that the particularly obstruction in blade point district works, different with the starting point of these researchs, the present invention will design a kind of novel casing and handle the average flow field that is used for influencing the evolution of stall tendency rather than changes any zone of gas compressor.As shown in Figure 1, the present invention has designed a kind of casing that does not have complex geometry such as guide vane and shunting ring and has handled, this casing only comprises an annular and carries on the back chamber 1 and the perforated plate 2 that has circular hole or skewed slot, and it can be by punching rate of regulating perforated plate and the wall impedance boundary condition of carrying on the back adjusting compressor systems such as chamber volume.At first need clearly to handle several important parameters of structure about this casing: a-perforated plate axial length, b-perforated plate and rotor axial contact ratio, c-back of the body chamber radial cavity is dark, and d-back of the body chamber axial cavity is dark, e-perforated plate thickness, f-perforated plate aperture.Like this, the casing that is installed in the blade tip zone is handled, and can certainly lead to be similar to the same return flow line (as shown in Figure 2) of existing groove casing processing.Obviously, no matter which kind of operating mode gas compressor is operated under, and this refluxes and can exist by nature.Casing for this band air chamber is handled, the blade tip air-flow can flow to air chamber from the trailing edge of perforation plate hole seam, flow out from perforation plate hole seam leading edge again, this come off vortex street or the collar vortex that flows to, flows out generation, can interact i.e. ripple whirlpool interaction (being also referred to as whirlpool sound interacts) with the various pressure disturbances in the flow field.Therefore, this during casing the is handled process of circulation again can provide a non-permanent border to influence the generation and the development of the low-frequency excitation relevant with the stall tendency.
Therefore, this casing is handled and is actually the boundary conditions that has changed system, a kind of non-permanent " soft " border is provided, and the energy that promptly incides the stall tendency ripple of casing wall is dissipated owing to ripple whirlpool interaction mechanism, and then has suppressed its unstability that non-linear amplification caused.The present invention is from the non-permanent inhibitory action angle of band back of the body chamber casing processing to the stall tendency, study axial flow compressor flow stability problem, more effective design can be caused, when widening high load and striding sound axial flow compressor stable operation range, tangible loss in efficiency can be do not caused.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) utilization of the present invention is at the board-like processor box of perforation in axial flow compressor import leading edge locus mounting strap back of the body chamber, because rotor adds pressure difference that merit causes and can form self adaption and flow, this flowing will produce the non-permanent whirlpool that comes off at hole tape edge edge, based on ripple whirlpool interaction mechanism, can effectively absorb and dissipation gas compressor flow field in the energy of low-frequency excitation ripple, by suppressing the non-linear amplification of stall tendency, thereby can postpone the generation of tendency stall in the gas compressor, increase the stable operation range of compressor system.In addition, because this processor is provided with exquisiteness, directly do not disturb gas compressor main current flow field structure, thereby can not cause the pressure ratio of compressor system to descend and loss in efficiency, the trouble of avoiding engine components redesign and coupling to bring, and simple and compact for structure, can satisfy on the engineering the requirement for restriction of casing size, have the good engineering actual application prospect.
(2) the present invention has carried out experimental verification on the Laboratory Furniture of BJ University of Aeronautics ﹠ Astronautics and Institute of Engineering Thernophysics, Academia Sinica, has obtained and has expanded steady effect preferably, and rough sledding such as pressure ratio characteristic changing and loss in efficiency all do not occurred.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the bore a hole structural representation of board-like processor box of the back of the body of the present invention chamber;
Fig. 2 is the back of the body of the present invention chamber board-like processor box action principle figure that bores a hole;
Fig. 3 is the energy work rate spectral density analysis chart of gas compressor flow field dynamic pressure disturbing signal under the light wall condition;
Fig. 4 carries on the back the bore a hole energy work rate spectral density analysis chart of gas compressor flow field dynamic pressure disturbing signal under the board-like casing treatment conditions of chamber for the present invention.
Embodiment
The back of the body chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole is to carry on the back bore a hole board-like casing of chamber at the compressor rotor leading edge locus to handle with the boundary conditions that changes whole power system and influence its phylogeny behavior and realize widening the purpose of gas compressor stable operation range.Concrete mechanism of action be since rotor add the merit pressurization, as shown in Figure 2, the board-like casing of boring a hole in back of the body chamber is handled in the back of the body chamber 1 the self adaption flow phenomenon 5 that can nature forms.This air-flow that flows to outflow can form the non-permanent whirlpool that comes off at perforated plate 2 hole tape edge edge, when the pressure disturbance ripple in the flow field incides this non-permanent impedance boundary, ripple whirlpool interaction mechanism will effectively absorb and dissipate the energy of pressure disturbance ripple, thereby suppress the non-linear amplification of stall tendency ripple, realize expanding steady purpose.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the back of the body chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole is made up of annular back of the body chamber 1, the perforated plate 2 that has a hole seam, and stitch in the hole can be circular hole or skewed slot.Wherein, the punching rate of perforated plate 2 is the 4%-30% of place annular region area, and perforated plate 2 trailing edges are positioned at the axial chord length of compressor rotor top 1/3-2/3 position, enter the air-flow that casing is handled back of the body chamber 1 to form by gas compressor main flow flow field; Perforated plate 2 leading edges are positioned at rotor 3 leading edges and are positioned at the doubly axial chord length position of rotor 3 import front end 1/3-1, handle the air-flow that back of the body chamber 1 enters gas compressor main flow flow field to form by casing, the radial depth in back of the body chamber 1 is 5mm-200mm, to form the flow channel 5 that flows to leading edge by perforated plate 2 trailing edges, and annular back of the body chamber 1 axial length dimension is the doubly axial chord length of 2/3-2, to guarantee to set up the self adaption flow channel, reducing flow losses is principle, purpose is to suppress and absorb the energy of low-frequency excitation ripple 6, thereby widen the stable operation range of axial flow compressor, but limited by practical application, should consider concrete condition and decide.
Perforated plate 2 and rotor 3 Face contact ratios are that the influence back of the body chamber board-like casing of boring a hole is handled a very important parameter that expands steady effect, select suitable Face contact ratio can obtain the working efficiency that gas compressor was improved and kept to bigger stall margin, otherwise, expand steady DeGrain or cause the gas compressor working efficiency to descend.The physical dimension in the punching rate of perforated plate 2 and back of the body chamber 1 also is important structural parameter, all can produce significantly influence to expanding steady effect and gas compressor performance characteristic, need regulate casing according to wall impedance model or experiment test method and handle structural parameter, in conjunction with actual use condition to obtain bigger wall impedance, thereby suppress the amplification of gas compressor flow field medium and low frequency disturbance, realize widening the purpose of axial flow compressor stable operation range.
The position of perforated plate 2 trailing edges in axial flow compressor should be in the downstream of rotor blade 3 leading edges, because the merit effect that adds of rotor, the pressure in the main flow flow field is higher than casing and handles the pressure of carrying on the back in the chamber 1.Handle at casing under the effect of back of the body chamber 1 external and internal pressure difference, will form by gas compressor main current flow field flow at perforated plate 2 trailing edges and go into the inlet air flow stream that casing is handled back of the body chamber.When non-steady pressure perturbation wave incides this non-permanent impedance interface, can interact in the ripple whirlpool in the hole of perforated plate 2 outer wall tape edge cause, with the transformation of energy of pressure disturbance ripple is the whirlpool energy in the non-permanent whirlpool that comes off, thus the energy of dissipation and absorption pressure perturbation wave.
Can have above-mentioned mechanism equally in perforated plate 2 leading edges, this is because the pressure of carrying on the back in the chamber 1 this moment will be higher than the pressure in rotor 3 leading edge main flow flow fields, thereby can form the effluent stream that is flowed to gas compressor main flow flow field by casing processing back of the body chamber 1.When the various non-steady pressure perturbation wave incident in the main flow flow field, will the ripple whirlpool take place at the inwall face tape edge edge place of perforated plate 2 interact, the energy of the pressure disturbance ripple that can dissipate equally suppresses its non-linear amplification, expands steady purpose thereby reach.
Can see in the energy work rate spectral density analysis that the dynamic pressure disturbing signal is carried out in stream field, in the same traffic starting point, identical damming during speed, low-frequency excitation is under light wall condition, its amplitude can enter stall (180 change the back in as Fig. 3) when surpassing the 1E-6 magnitude, and under this flow status, the existence that casing is handled, the energy that not only can absorb disturbance makes it maintain reduced levels (putting as 180 transpositions among Fig. 4), further reduce (being that time shaft is passed) to the right and work as flow, the amplitude of low-frequency excitation can progressively increase, even above the 1E-6 magnitude, reach the level of 1.5E-6 and not stall, be reduced to lower state (680 change the back in as Fig. 4) along with further damming up to flow and just enter stall.This proves absolutely that the casing processing can effectively suppress the development of stall tendency ripple, enters stall conditions thereby postpone compressor system, enlarges the scope of its stable operation.
Along with reducing of flow, the energy of perturbation wave increases gradually, this means the stable closely related of the energy of low-frequency excitation ripple and gas compressor.Under big flow status, casing is handled and is existed under the situation, and low-frequency excitation energy amplitude will be lower than light wall situation.Along with the reduction of flow, the amplitude of disturbance excitation increases gradually, and the pressure disturbance ripple and the interaction of whirlpool between the two that come off are also strengthened gradually.Under light wall situation, when system can't overcome the disturbance of continuous increase, system will occur unstability suddenly, and gas compressor enters stall conditions.And exist under the situation in the casing processing, make the border impedance operator of system that change take place, strengthened absorptivity to the low-frequency excitation wave energy, can suppress the low-frequency excitation ripple further amplifies, and makes its energy maintain reduced levels.So, though the spike energy of low-frequency excitation can rise after the stall of light wall casing to some extent under the casing disposing condition, still can overcome the disturbance excitation that this energy constantly strengthens but casing is provided by the non-permanent impedance boundary that provides, just stall can occur up to being reduced to lower flow.
Therefore, bore a hole board-like casing of back of the body chamber is handled and disturbance energy can not only be controlled at reduced levels, and system can be born than the higher levels of disturbance of light wall situation and non-unstability.This proves absolutely that the casing processing has influenced the evolution behavior of system by the boundary conditions that changes wall.
In addition, the back of the body chamber board-like novel casing of boring a hole is handled, no matter which kind of type stall tendency ripple is, interaction through the ripple whirlpool, stall tendency ripple is effectively suppressed, changes the evolutionary process of system, and finally realize widening of gas compressor stable operation range.
The non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (6)
1. back of the body chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole, it is characterized in that: at first prepare a back of the body chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole, the described back of the body chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole comprises annular back of the body chamber and has the perforated plate of circular hole or skewed slot, annular back of the body chamber is positioned at the perforated plate outside and connects to form sealed gas chamber by the seam bolt arrangement, to carry on the back the chamber board-like processor box of boring a hole then is arranged on axial flow compressor rotor import front end and covers the pairing casing of the leading edge portion place of rotor blade, bore a hole that board-like processor box forms in annular back of the body chamber that self adaption flows and produce the non-permanent whirlpool that comes off at the perforated plate place in back of the body chamber, the ripple whirlpool interact effectively absorb and dissipation gas compressor flow field in the low-frequency excitation ripple energy and suppress the non-linear amplification of stall tendency, thereby can postpone the generation of tendency stall in the gas compressor, increase the stable operation range of compressor system.
2. the back of the body according to claim 1 chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole is characterized in that: described perforated plate trailing edge is positioned at 1/3～2/3 axial chord length position, compressor rotor top.
3. the back of the body according to claim 1 chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole, it is characterized in that: described perforated plate leading edge is positioned at 1/3～1 times of axial chord length of rotor inlet front end position.
4. the back of the body according to claim 1 chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole, it is characterized in that: the punching rate of described perforated plate is 4%～30%.
5. the back of the body according to claim 1 chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole is characterized in that: described annular back of the body chamber radial depth is 5mm～200mm.
6. the back of the body according to claim 1 chamber board-like casing processing method of boring a hole is characterized in that: described annular back of the body chamber axial length is 2/3～2 times of axial chord length.
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| CN104373388A (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2015-02-25 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Treatment and flow control method for gas compressor casing with scattered seam type circumferential grooves |
| CN104454656A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Flow control method adopting hole-type circumferentially slotted casing treatment with back cavities |
| CN104675755A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-06-03 | 西北工业大学 | Circumferential staggered self-circulating casing treating method for axial-flow compressor |
| CN105298923A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Front seam and rear groove type casing treatment stability enhancement device for gas compressor |
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| CN107965465A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-27 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | A kind of discrete rake joist treated casing control device and method of compressor air suction type |
| CN109751288A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Low reaction degree compressor nonstationary oscillation inhales blowing apparatus |
| CN109751288B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2020-10-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Unsteady oscillation suction-blowing device of low-reverse-force compressor |
| CN114562472A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-05-31 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Compressor test structure |
| CN114562472B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-08-25 | 中国航空发动机研究院 | Compressor test structure |
| CN114183403A (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-03-15 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Inclined hole type processing casing and gas compressor |
| CN114183403B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2022-05-06 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Inclined hole type processing casing and air compressor |
| CN114857092A (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-08-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | Cartridge receiver and fluid power equipment |
| CN114857092B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-03-15 | 北京航空航天大学 | Casing and fluid power equipment |
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