CN102031283A - Electronic quick detector for dairy product bacteria content and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Electronic quick detector for dairy product bacteria content and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102031283A CN102031283A CN 201010505139 CN201010505139A CN102031283A CN 102031283 A CN102031283 A CN 102031283A CN 201010505139 CN201010505139 CN 201010505139 CN 201010505139 A CN201010505139 A CN 201010505139A CN 102031283 A CN102031283 A CN 102031283A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electronic quick detector for the dairy product bacteria content and a detection method thereof, which belong to the field of electronic detection and are used for quickly detecting the dairy product bacteria content. The detector comprises a biocell box and an electrical logging device, wherein the biocell box is composed of a thermostatic bath and a microorganism cell; the microorganism cell is arranged in the thermostatic bath and is provided with a platinum cathode, a silver peroxide anode, an ion exchange membrane, a substrate and phosphate buffer; a micro current amplification circuit is connected with the two electrodes to amplify current generated by the microorganism cell and improve measuring precision. The electrical logging device is composed of the micro current amplification circuit, a data acquisition system, a driving device, a display device and a recording device. Amplification current is collected by the data acquisition system and is analyzed and output to the display device to display the numerical value and the curve of the current value and bacteria number value. The detection method is characterized in that biological coenzymes NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)<+>, FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)<+> and an electronic activator methylene blue are added into the substrate to accelerate the redox reaction and maintain the stability of output current.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the detected electronically field, relate to micro-organism test apparatus and detection method, specifically is a kind of milk milk-product bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument and detection method thereof, the rapid detection of the milk-product bacteria content that is applied to suckle.
Technical background
Microorganism is measured and to have very important significance at numerous areas such as food, clinical medicine and environment measurings, to the rapid detection of micro-organisms living cell problem that attracts people's attention especially.Measure the bacteria content of life beverage, generally acknowledged in the world have dressing plate cultivating method and a microscope direct observing method.Its shortcoming is to measure to need skilled operating skill, and Measuring Time is long.Therefore for the detected object that requires rapid property and many bodies, obviously be not suitable for adopting above-mentioned two kinds of methods.
For many years, microbiologist both domestic and external, physicist, electronic information and chemical science man make full use of calorifics, optics, electrochemistry and the bioelectrochemistry character of microorganism, have proposed a series of novel microorganism method for quick.And it is divided into three major types according to detecting principle and method.
The first kind is traditional microbioassay method.This method comprises above-mentioned dressing plate cultivating method, microscope direct observing method, dry weight method and bacterium length measurment method etc.Its shortcoming is that complex operation, minute are long.
Second class is abiotic electrochemical method.The detection principle of this method is based on some physical propertiess in microorganism and the bioprocess.Modal have biloluminescence method, viscosimetry, microcalorimetry, immunofluorescence assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mass spectroscopy and a Raman spectroscopy etc.Its shortcoming is higher to the selectivity of bacterial classification, only is applicable to the measurement of specified strain, the technical requirements height, and required surveying instrument complexity, the equipment cost height, complex operation, tolerance range is poor, so be difficult to obtain actual popularization and general application.As the Pi-102 food bacterium rapid determination instrument that U.S. Hygiena produces, this detector adopts the semi-automatic milk bacterial count instrument BactoCount IBC-M of ATP biloluminescence method and the up-to-date release of U.S. BENTLEY company, and this detector adopts fluorescent method to detect
The 3rd class is a bio-electrochemical process.The principle of this method is the electric charge that produces or consume by the determination of electrode biomass, thereby draws the electrical signal that will analyze.Microorganism is in growing metabolic process, and the electrochemical properties of substratum such as electric current, current potential, resistance and electricity are led etc. and can be changed, so can realize the rapid determination to microorganism by the variation of these electrochemistry parameters of check and analysis.Common has: potentiometry, amperometry, impedance analysis method, square wave polarography etc.Because bio-electrochemical process has the characteristics such as quick, directly perceived, simple to operate, that the metering facility cost is low and the controllability of signal is good of measuring.This method has obtained the height of Chinese scholars watches attentively, and research papers existing a large amount of on the related science technical journal are at home and abroad reported.
Matsunaga used the feulcell prototype electrode system that the number of bacteria in the nutrient solution has been carried out rapid determination first in 1979, and the time of response is 15min.People such as Ramsay in 1988 utilize volt-ampere type cell sensor to carry out the mensuration that bacterium is counted concentration first, and experimental strain is E.Coli, and the time of response is 1min, succeeds in the monitoring of microorganism concn in to raw meat and waste water.But the time of response is 5min to waiting people to develop the feulcell prototype cell sensor of yeast sum in the continuous monitoring beer fermentation tank spring about 1992.2000, usefulness such as Cai Hao is a refined volt-ampere type cell sensor detected the bacterium number in the milk, and article " research of micro-organisms living cell detection of biological transmitter " is published in " China's medical science ".All there are some drawbacks in above-mentioned technology, and for example measuring accuracy is not high, does not domesticly still enter practical application.
More in the world at present country particularly many enterprises of the Western European countries adopts pigment reduction test method.The principle of " pigment reduction test method " is owing to bacterial proliferation and oxygen consumption, the redox potential of sample milk and so on is reduced, if the pigment of the variable color with reduction is pre-applied in the sample of unlikely overslaugh bacterium fertility, just can records the bacterial activity in the sample, i.e. Sheng Cun number of bacteria.This method is got quantitative sample and certain pigment and is put into test tube and mix, in hot water bath, place after 30 minutes and take out, natural light or daytime look have and choose milky background under the fluorescent light, carry out colorimetric to measure bacterial count according to given colour code table.If shown tone between the table in listed between, then read advancing color target bacterial count.Colorimetric is judged and must be carried out at once when taking out in hot water bath.
Pigment reduction test method is exactly in fact to measure to press the pigment tonal variation that the bacterial reduction ability takes place.Its advantage is: do not need special utensil, and easy and simple to handle, can detect many bodies simultaneously.But still have following shortcoming: (1) because the sensitivity that adds lustre to of pigment is low, thereby can not measure rapidly.(2) hyperplasia of various bacteriums is not a unanimity in the cultivation time, and particularly when having the material of resistance and so on, this tendency is particularly remarkable.(3) discontinuous because of adding lustre to, so can only discontinuously measure.(4) because mensuration person is with visual judgement tone, thereby vary with each individual unavoidably, influence measuring accuracy.(5) the redox pigment can only be with adding lustre to property pigment.
Up to now, domestic each department milk dairy production enterprise and relevant quality testing department, in bacteria content testing process to its fresh milk, sour milk and various drinks, continue to use traditional dull and stereotyped bacterium always and cultivate detection method, and that this method is not only operated is loaded down with trivial details, and need expend a large amount of man power and materials, and the more important thing is the time lag of detected result, affect the economic benefit and the working efficiency of these enterprises and quality testing department greatly.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming of traditional detection method is that Measuring Time is long, the state of the art height of measurement requirement, and the precision of measurement is low, is not suitable for instant detection, though and the metering facility of external test set has part to improve on precision, equipment price height, detection cost height.For addressing these problems, the present invention has invented milk milk-product bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument according to the bioelectrochemistry principle, and the composition of described electronics rapid detection instrument comprises biofuel cell box and electric probe device, wherein the biofuel cell box is by thermostatic bath, and microbial battery is formed; Thermostatic bath is based on copper tube, tube wall is wound with nichrome wire, under the control of controller with the air temperature modification in the copper pipe at 25 ℃, microbial battery is placed in the thermostatic bath, platinum cathode is set, silver peroxide anode, ion-exchange membrane in the microbial battery, substrate and phosphoric acid buffer, described electric probe device is made of little current amplification circuit, data collecting system, drive unit, recording unit and display unit; Little current amplification circuit is connected with the silver peroxide anode with platinum cathode, and the electric current that microbial battery is produced amplifies, amplified current through the data collecting system collection, analyze, output to display unit, show the numerical value and the curve of current value and number of bacteria value in real time.
Based on detecting instrument, the invention provides the novel method that milk milk-product bacteria content detects, the biofuel cell principle is applied to pigment reduction test method, research bacterium redox reaction process and electronics generating process under coenzyme catalysis, be directly proportional on the electronic number that generates in the redox reaction process based on bacterium and the bacterial number statistics, by the instrumentation of the electronic number that generates in the redoxomorphism in the bacterium being realized the measurement of bacterial count, concrete grammar is to add biological coenzyme Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD in substrate
+With flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Two parallel redox reaction enzymes are by Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+Catalytic substrate transforms and flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Catalysis coenzyme cyclic regeneration promotes the redox processes between substrate and the resultant; Add Electron Excitation agent Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF to substrate again,, improve redox reaction speed, keep the stable of outward current, shortened detection time and improved measuring accuracy in order to reduce the plurality of enzymes interference that response produces to substrate that contains in the microorganism cells.
Detecting electrode adopts platinum electrode and silver electrode, select for use operational amplifier to design little current amplification circuit and relevant auxiliary circuit, pair amplifier output result has adopted the data collecting system according to the design of USB6008 data collecting card, realizes that by coding collection, analysis, the result of data export demonstration and control.The display part of bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument in the milk milk-product, adopt C language coding on the Labwindows/CVI Software Development Platform, developing numeral and figure all can be intuitively, the man machine operation interface of demonstration in real time, has realized the numeric type and the shaped form demonstration of current value and number of bacteria value.
The present invention compared with prior art, its beneficial effect is as follows:
1, detector technical indicator of the present invention is:
(1) in 20 minutes, the bacteria content in energy rapid determination fresh milk and the concerned drink is measured bacterial count scope 10
3-10
12, the measuring accuracy error is no more than ± and 5%.
In (2) 20 minutes, the assorted bacterium in the rapid determination yeast.The measuring accuracy error is no more than ± and 3%.
(3) regulate measuring speed by pilot circuit or coenzyme dosage.
(4) numeral shows output and monitors that timely monitor cell box substrate temperature is controlled in real time, temperature control precision ± 1% automatically.
Technical indicator of the present invention is cultivated detection method with the dull and stereotyped bacterium of generally adopting and is compared, and has improved detection speed, has simplified operating process, and the result that compares with the pigment reduction method is more accurate.Compare with at present external related products, as " NHD food bacterium quick analytic instrument (720,000 yuan) and Denmark manufacture " FC milk total plate count quick analytic instrument (1,400,000) produced in USA, this device low price, advantage such as it is low to measure cost, and speed is fast.
Description of drawings
The process explanation figure that Fig. 1 bacterial metabolism and electronics take place
Fig. 2 Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF monomer redox mechanism
Fig. 3 encourages the experimental curve diagram of agent and output voltage
The structure principle chart of Fig. 4 bio-detector
Fig. 5 micro current amplifier circuit
Fig. 6 man-machine interface
The electronics of bacteria content is examined the instrument experimental prototype fast in Fig. 7 milk
Specific implementation process
Bacterium decompose and anabolism in can produce multiple meta-bolites, in the evaluation of bacterium and biochemical reaction, be of practical significance.The katabolic product of bacterium is incomplete same because of the enzyme that the different sorts bacterium possesses.Each meta-bolites can detect by the method for biochemical test.Bacterial metabolism institute energy requirement, the overwhelming majority obtains by biological oxidation.The serial redox reaction that so-called bio-oxidation is promptly taken place in the biomass cells under the effect of enzyme.Its principle of work is:
S+E→SE→P
In the formula: S is a substrate; E is an enzyme; SE is a mixture; P is a product, and this class detector is used different basic electrodes, detects the product of enzymatic reaction by electric current, voltage, conductance signal.The present invention is applied to pigment reduction test method with biofuel cell, because the electronic number that produces in bacterial number and the redox reaction process is proportional, by the instrumentation of the electronic number that generates in the redoxomorphism in the bacterium being realized the measurement of bacterial count.
Redox mechanism:
The energy main source of biological activity is organic substance sugar, protein or fat oxidation in vivo.We carry out oxygenolysis to organic substances such as sugar, protein, fat in biological viable cell, finally generate CO
2And H
2O, the process that discharges big energy simultaneously claims bio-oxidation.Higher animal breathes by lung, sucks oxygen, discharges carbonic acid gas, sucks oxygen and is used for oxidation and takes in intravital nutritive substance and obtain energy, and microorganism then directly breathes with cell, so bio-oxidation claims tissue respiration, cellular respiration again.Bio-oxidation comprises a series of redox reactions in the cellular respiration.
Organism such as sugar, protein, fat before the exhaustive oxidation, always carry out katabolism earlier in vivo.Their catabolic pathway is complicated and don't identical, but they are CO at exhaustive oxidation
2And H
2During O, all experience one section identical terminal oxidising process, the bio-oxidation of narrow sense just, i.e. reduced coenzyme (NADH and FADH that metabolic intermediate dehydrogenation generates
2) in H pass to molecular oxygen through electron transport chain (respiratory chain) and generate water, electron transfer process is accompanied by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (ADP) phosphorylation and generates Triphosaden (ATP).
Hydrogen atom on the metabolite by desaturase in the bacterial body activate come off after, through a series of carrier, pass to the oxygen molecule that is activated at last and whole systems of generating water are called electron transport chain) or electron transport system, claim respiratory chain again.
The present invention has adopted enzyme coupling connection method in this biofuel cell box, has promptly utilized two parallel redox reaction enzyme systems, i.e. Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide [(NAD
+) hereinafter to be referred as NAD
+] catalytic substrate conversion and flavin adenine dinucleotide [(FAD
+) hereinafter to be referred as FAD
+] catalysis coenzyme cyclic regeneration, NAD
+And FAD
+Be the important composition composition of bio-oxidation system, in transmitting hydrogen atom or electronics, vital role arranged.
Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+Be coenzyme, during this quasi-enzyme catalytic dehydrogenation, its coenzyme NAD
+Earlier and the active centre combination of enzyme, it combines with the hydrogen that enzyme is taken off and is reduced into NADH.When hydrogen acceptor existed, the hydrogen on the NADH can be taken off and is oxidized to NAD
+It transmits hydrogen mechanism: when it accepts a pair of hydrogen atom that metabolite takes off, just by oxygenant NAD
+Become reduced-NAD H and H
+, NAD
+After pyridine ring was accepted a hydrogen atom and electronics in the structure, nitrogen-atoms just became trivalent by pentavalent, and H
+Then be free in the medium.This transfer is a reversible, is shown below:
AH
2+NAD
+→A+NADH+H
+
Flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD is as prothetic group.It is more firm that FAD combines with zymoprotein.These enzymes catalytic reaction be that a pair of hydrogen atom that substrate is taken off is directly passed to FAD and forms FADH
2The 1st and the 10th two nitrogen-atoms can carry out hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reaction repeatedly on the isoalloxazine ring that its mechanism of transmitting hydrogen is FAD, so the same NAD of FAD
+Effect the same, also be hydrogen carrier.Now with SH
2Represent the reduction-type substrate, the E-FAD representative has the enzyme of FAD prothetic group, and its reaction can be expressed as follows:
SH
2+E-FAD→S+E-FADH
2
Nadh dehydrogenase in electron transport chain, its prothetic group is FAD, its catalytic reaction is next member a---ubiquinone of the electron transport on the NADH being given electron transport chain;
In the research, the process that the metabolism of bacterium and electronics take place as shown in Figure 1:
Among Fig. 1, the coenzyme (1) that joins in the substrate is NAD
+, coenzyme (2) is FAD
+, all play katalysis.Hydrogen H in the substrate
+Because of the katalysis of coenzyme (1) to NAD
+Migration forms NADH.And reducible one-tenth NAD
+In addition, NADH makes FAD because of the katalysis oxidation of coenzyme (2)
+Be subjected to H.Thereby FAD
+Be reduced to FADH.Above-mentioned redoxomorphism is made it to carry out repeatedly.Simultaneously, by coenzyme to the coenzyme transport of H
+, the final combination and form H with the oxygen (O) that moves equally
2O., this H
+Promptly in redoxomorphism, also there is electronics (e in giving and accepting between coenzyme simultaneously
-) give and accept.As shown in Figure 1, accept electronics (electric current of electron transport chain formation) in the redoxomorphism by negative electrode and anodic, just can be by the variation mensuration amount of bacteria of current value.
Coenzyme F AD
+By cathode oxidation be:
4FADH→4FAD+4H
++4e
- (1)
Negative electrode is a negative potential because of electron migration is arranged.Anode surface produces the variation of (1) formula, causes negative electrode and positive interpolar electronics unbalance, electronics (e
-) just move by the negative electrode anode.Hydrogen ion in the anode surface solution is just by anode (Ag
2O
2) absorb electronics and form hydrogen ion.Use Ag
2O
2As subtracting utmost point agent, just hydrogen atom directly can be become water.
Its chemical formula is:
Ag
2O
2+4H→2Ag+2H
2O (2)
The combined reaction formula is:
4FADH+Ag
2O
2→4FAD+2Ag+2H
2O (3)
Electron mediator excitation mechanism:
The evidence electronics transmits between bare electrode and NADH has very high overvoltage, is approximately 1V, and high potential usually causes electrode fouling, enzyme deactivation, the oxidation of side reaction such as hydroxyl, generation non-activity NAD problems such as (P).The method that solves is to add the Electron Excitation agent, selects for use Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF redox pigment as the Electron Excitation agent through research.The blue monomeric redox mechanism of first as shown in Figure 2.Electronics in the coenzyme at first just is subjected to the excitation of Electron Excitation agent, and secondly, negative electrode platinum is also encouraged in succession, and its oxidizing reaction is accelerated, and outward current is obvious.
The difficulty or ease of transfer transport and speed are determining the performance of biofuel cell box.General oxydo-reductase, all contain one or several redox center, yet in most enzymes, the redox center is in inside usually, the enzyme that has is outside to also have one deck glycoprotein, this structure to stop transfer transport between reactive center and electrode surface and effective circulation of reducibility coenzyme.After adding electron mediator, the mediator that is connected on the main chain has bigger freedom of movement, the diffusion of mediator between enzyme and electrode that this is just convenient makes mediator obviously improve with the probability that active centre and electrode surface contact, thereby accelerated electron transport speed.
We have compared bacteria content 10 in the test
5In individual/ml, the influence of Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF counter electrode response when adding the Electron Excitation agent and not adding electronics excitation agent.As shown in Figure 3.Wherein L is for adding Electron Excitation agent, H for not adding the bacterium of Electron Excitation agent and the graph of relation of electrode output voltage.As we can see from the figure when the Electron Excitation agent is arranged, highly sensitive many when the response ratio of biosensor counter electrode does not have the Electron Excitation agent.This is because the electronics in the coenzyme is subjected to the excitation of Electron Excitation agent, and also exciting electrode has reduced the result of oxidation potential simultaneously.
Measurement dress device of the present invention comprises: biofuel cell box and electric probe device.The biofuel cell box is as shown in Figure 4: be made up of thermostatic bath 1 and microbial battery 4; Thermostatic bath is 10 centimetres copper tube based on diameter, tube wall is wound with nichrome wire, air themperature in controller regulating and controlling copper pipe remains on 25 ℃, microbial battery 4 is placed in the thermostatic bath 1, and negative electrode 2 is set in the microbial battery, anode 3, between negative electrode and anode, be provided with anion-exchange membrane 5, substrate 6 and phosphoric acid buffer 7, anion-exchange membrane 5 are used to prevent that the tested substrate 6 in the battery from blending with phosphoric acid buffer 7, but can carry out negative electrode and positive interpolar ion-exchange.Negative electrode adopts the noble metal platinum that not influenced by substrate, and anode adopts the unlikely silver peroxide that causes polarized action.Phosphoric acid buffer adopts usually with 0.1 molconcentration unit.The electric current that the biofuel cell box-like becomes is extremely faint, so designed and produced little current amplification circuit with operational amplifier in platinum cathode and silver peroxide anode output end, the electric current that microbial battery is produced amplifies, the circuit of micro current amplifier such as Fig. 5, chip pin 7 connects-the 7.5V power supply, pin 11 connects+the 7.5V power supply, chip pin 4,5 resistance by 2k Ω connect the positive and negative electrode of cell box, pin 1,2 electric capacity that meet electric capacity 0.1 μ F link to each other with common port pin 8, capacitor C 11, C12, C13 is respectively stopping condenser, in circuit, strobe, the DC level short circuit in the circuit is fallen.The resistance R 3 of resistance 100k Ω, R23, R24 in order to regulated output voltage, have been exaggerated 13.3 times by this circuital current size for the series connection reverse feedback.
Described electric probe device is made of little current amplification circuit, data collecting system, drive unit, display unit, recording unit.The electric current of the negative electrode of cell box and anode output amplifies through little current amplification circuit, by data collecting system data are handled, by man machine operation interface to current/voltage value and number of bacteria value carry out numeric type and shaped form intuitively, show in real time and control that its interface as shown in Figure 6.
Fresh milk polluted bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument model machine as shown in Figure 7.
Detect example:
Adopt this detector respectively the bacterium of packed milk of silver-colored bridge and yeast tablet to be measured, the gained data are as follows:
1. contaminated bacteria and detector outward current and voltage data in the milk:
Anode region adding 10ml at microbial battery contains bacterium milk, adds biological coenzyme Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+With flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Each 0.5ml of amount, Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF is 1ml.
Contaminated bacteria detector outward current and voltage data such as table 1 in the milk:
Table 1
Annotate: 25 ℃ of room temperatures
2. yeast tablet yeast and detector outward current and voltage data:
Anode region adding 1g (being ground to powdery) at microbial battery contains the bacterium yeast tablet, adds biological coenzyme Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+With flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Each 0.5ml of amount, Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF is 1ml.Yeast tablet yeast detector outward current and voltage data such as table 2:
Table 2
Annotate: 25 ℃ of room temperatures
Claims (3)
1. milk milk-product bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument, adopt biofuel cell to detect fresh milk polluted bacteria content, it is characterized in that this detector comprises biofuel cell box and electric probe device, described biofuel cell box is by thermostatic bath (1), and microbial battery (4) is formed; Thermostatic bath is based on copper tube, tube wall is wound with nichrome wire, air themperature in controller regulating and controlling copper pipe, microbial battery (4) is placed in the thermostatic bath (1), platinum cathode (2) is set, silver peroxide anode (3), ion-exchange membrane (5) in the microbial battery, substrate (6) and phosphoric acid buffer (7), described electric probe device is made of little current amplification circuit (8), data collecting system (9), drive unit (10), recording unit (11) and display unit (12); Little current amplification circuit (8) is connected with the silver peroxide anode with platinum cathode, the electric current that microbial battery is produced amplifies, display unit (12) is gathered, analyzes, outputed to amplified current through data collecting system (9), shows the numerical value and the curve of current value and number of bacteria value in real time.
2. milk milk-product bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: little current amplification circuit (8) is made of operational amplifier and peripheral circuit, peripheral circuit is respectively stopping condenser by capacitor C 11, C12, C13, DC level in the filtering circuit, resistance R 3, R23, R24 are the series connection negative feedback resistor, in order to regulated output voltage, electric current is amplified 13.3 times by little current amplification circuit.
3. application rights requires 1 described milk milk-product bacteria content electronics rapid detection instrument to detect the method for milk milk-product bacteria content, it is characterized in that: be directly proportional on the electronic number that generates in the redox reaction process based on bacterium and the bacterial number statistics, by the instrumentation of the electronic number that generates in the redoxomorphism in the bacterium being realized the measurement of bacterial count, the microbial battery principle is applied to pigment reduction test method, in substrate, adds biological coenzyme Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+With flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Two parallel redox reaction enzymes are by Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide NAD
+Catalytic substrate transforms and flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
+Catalysis coenzyme cyclic regeneration promotes the redox processes between substrate and the resultant; Add Electron Excitation agent Yamamoto Methylene Blue ZF to substrate again,, keep the stable of outward current, improve measuring accuracy in order to reduce the plurality of enzymes interference that response produces to substrate that contains in the microorganism cells.
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| CN104126123A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-10-29 | 谢策·谢泽马 | Method for detection of bacteria in milk |
| WO2022033281A1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-17 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Apparatus and methods for monitoring concentrations of analytes in body fluid |
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| CN101046447A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2007-10-03 | 厦门大学 | Portable photochemical BOD microbe sensor |
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| 《中国生物医学工程进展－2007中国生物医学工程联合学术年会论文集（上册）》 20070430 丁华等 微生物检测生物电化学传感器的研究 85－88 1－3 , * |
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| CN104126123A (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-10-29 | 谢策·谢泽马 | Method for detection of bacteria in milk |
| CN104126123B (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2016-10-26 | 谢策·谢泽马 | For the method detecting the antibacterial in Ruzhong |
| WO2022033281A1 (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2022-02-17 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Apparatus and methods for monitoring concentrations of analytes in body fluid |
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Application publication date: 20110427 |