CN102029981A - Four rockets and brake systems for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses four brake rockets and brake systems for motor vehicles, and relates to the technologies of machine manufacturing and jet propulsion. In the invention, a single component liquid rocket, a dual component liquid rocket, a solid rocket and a solid-liquid mixed rocket, and six motor vehicle brake systems respectively formed by the four rockets are provided; and the original delivery system is eliminated, when emergency braking is required, the brake rocket is started immediately and responds quickly in centiseconds, and a rocket propellant rapidly burns to generate high-pressure high-temperature gas which is jet out at high speed from a tail pipe, so that a powerful thrust is erupted to counteract the inertia force of a vehicle, shorten the prints of tires, reduce traffic accidents and improve the safety of the vehicle. The rockets and brake systems for motor vehicles are suitable for long distance coaches, large trucks, sport utility vehicles, tool vehicles, motorcycles, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, special vehicles, various cars, pickup trucks, racing cars, tricycles for agricultural use and quadricycles for agricultural use, and are especially suitable for various vehicles which need to be driven for a long distance and driven on mountain roads.

Description

Four kinds of automobile-use rockets and brake system

Technical field

The present invention relates to four kinds of self-propelled vehicle brakings with rocket and brake system, belong to field of automobile, also relate to the jet propulsion technical field.

Background technology

The brake system of self-propelled vehicle is the very important system of self-propelled vehicle, and it is directly connected to the safety of self-propelled vehicle self and occupant's goods and surrounding environment.Traditional brake mode is to utilize being contained in the friction of the brake component on the wheel, makes the wheel stall produce " tyre skid " and reaches purpose to vehicle chocking, and this kind brake mode can be described as " wheeled braking " or " friction braking ".This has very full and accurate record in a lot of documents.This case mainly is that example is described with the automobile.

" the Jiefang brand autotruck list of spare parts " that First Automobile Works is compiled (the 5th printing in Beijing the 4th edition in December, 1977, China Machine Press in December, 1977 Beijing) put down in writing for the 3rd page: " brake, foot brake, shoe plate formula; by compressed air-driven; act on whole wheels; stopping brake lock, disc type; be loaded in the driving system; mechanical type is handled ", and use literal and several detailed patterns to put down in writing from the 83rd page to 101 pages and realize braking by friction to the wheel braking parts; Utilization " mechanical type manipulation " control brake is by brake (braking) system of compressed air-driven, " front-wheel brake ", " rear wheel brake device ", " pedal ".

The brake system of the automobile of the novel fashion of 21st century does not have basic variation.The 157th page to the 174th page of " the newly organized car chassis maintenance diagram " of publishing Golden Shield press in December, 2006 maintenance of brake system " seven, ", Fig. 7-2 just shows " service brake device ", " wheel braking during standstill system ", and Fig. 7-4 shows the Shanghai Santana Car hydraulic brake system.5, " preceding wheel brake ".6, " rear drum brake ", " Fig. 7-1 east wind EQ1090E type automobile pressure drum-type front-wheel brake ", " Fig. 7-18 illustrates Santana's 2000 type car front-wheel brake exploded drawingss ", " the Santana's disk wheel drg " that also has literature record, " Fig. 7-55 Santana 2000 type car rear wheel brake exploded drawingss ", " Fig. 7-58 dismounting rear wheel brake brake shoe brake cheek ", " Fig. 7-86 shows EQ1092 type vehicle front drg ", " Fig. 7-87 illustrates EQ1092 type automobile back wheel drg ".

Quite brake equipment pattern (front/rear) ventilated disc/drum-type of the automatic fashion type Mazda 2 of the Cenozoic of fashionable design concepts representative can be found much in 2008 the 3rd phases " automobile shopping guide " the 40th page of whole body of publishing; The brake equipment pattern (front/rear) of brand-new Vios (V/DS) is ventilated disc/drum-type.The sharp CHRYSLER brake equipment of Chrysler platinum pattern (front/rear) ventilated disc/solid disc type.08 year 3.28-4.03, NO:392 " automobile friend's newspaper " the top repacking of A22 Aston Martin V8 is " very large brake disc covers all at one glance, and is very much noticeable " with regard to a width of cloth figure is arranged, " brake disc " is still on wheel.The front and back of " car is recommended logical " 08 year 4 phase, 75 pages of records A8L of Audi all are the ventilated disc brakes." automobile shopping guide " 08 year 3 phase 23 pages of Dodge cutting edge of a knife or a sword wise man's that publish brake equipment is all disc types of front and back.

The record of above-mentioned document all directly indirect proof traditional brake mode all be by the brake component on the wheel, as preceding wheel brake, the friction of rear drum brake makes wheel stop, no matter be cart or dolly, passenger vehicle or lorry driving or Parking, front-wheel or trailing wheel, disc type or drum-type, ventilated disc or solid disc type, various changes are not all jumped out the scope of wheel braking; From the known fact to public use, from the city to the rural highway on traveling automobile, even farm vehicle widely, motor bike, bicycle does not all have the mode outside the wheel friction braking from the self-propelled vehicle to the unpowered vehicle; In a word, from the twentieth century middle period to earlier 2000s so that 2008 the institute put down in writing the transmission information be wheel friction braking mode all.

The maximum technical matters of wheeled braking is that this brake mode only stops, and is power that moves on and the acceleration/accel that little by little stops to be added on wheel, and to the not influence of the acquired under steam force of inertia of automobile, or influence is very little; This in other words force of inertia is not to consume in braking procedure, but mainly consumes in " tyre skid ".This just force of inertia propelling vehicle moves on than a long segment distance, the length of this segment distance, and promptly the length of so-called " tyre skid " depends on the total weight and the speed of automobile, also depends on condition of road surface.People's Transportation Press publishes, and it is 1.3-7.1m (impression and skidding distance) that the full wheel of " vehicle maintenance and repair " record that traffic school in Hunan Province's compiles is braked theoretical computed range.

Chinese automobile newspaper office sponsors, and 2008 Chev Silverado 96-0km/h stopping distance (m) 2500HD that publish in the March, 2008 " automobile family " that periodical publisher of automobile family publishes are 48.8, and 3500HD is 47.6; 2008 Ford SuPERDUTY F-250 are 47.5m, and F-450 is 44.2m, the 2008 Tunda4 * 2DoubleCab4.7L of Toyota; 4 * 4Crewma * 5.7L, Limited is respectively 44.2 and 41.8 at 96-0km/h stopping distance (m); 2008GMC SIERRA HEAVYDUTY 96～0km/h stopping distance (m) 2500HD SLT is that 52.1 3500HD SLT are 46.3.

Because the brake component on the friction wheel of traditional approach makes the wheel stall, utilizes wheel and ground-surface friction again, produce the force of inertia that tyre skid consumes automobile, stop automobile gradually and move with respect to ground-surface.This mode is very little to inertia force influence, and is very slow, and the effect distance is long, and tyre skid is long, and braking time is long, leads to traffic accident unavoidably, even the dead group of serious group hinders accident.According to Public Security Department of Ministry of Public Security statistics, the etesian traffic accident in whole nation recent years is all more than 300,000, and wherein three one-tenth is that brake failure causes.More than 30 ten thousand of road traffic accidents took place in China in 2007, caused people's death more than 80,000, and the people is injured more than 380,000,1,200,000,000 yuan of direct property loss, and nearly 900 of traffic accident takes place in average every day, has every day people more than 200 to be killed in an automobile accident.

Relevant " brake system of car " though patent many, but can leave the friction braking and leave the few of wheel braking, " safety device for emergency braking of vehicle " ZL200720050935.6 brief introduction of Yang Xiqi claims this patent simple in structure, be easy to manufacture installation, utilize offset plate to press on the road surface at the automobile emergency glancing impact, can increase automobile and ground-surface friction, shorten the stopping distance of automobile.From brake mode, this patent and the application, and I am authorized " automobile with brake club and novel brake system ", the patent No.: 200820063358.9, the limitation and the constraint of " wheel " of traditional braking system have all been jumped out, these three respectively have characteristics, belong to three kinds of different classes of brake mode; The application has not only jumped out the limitation of " wheel ", has also jumped out the limitation of " friction braking ", and tyre skid can be tending towards 0, and its " outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement " all clearly all is not difficult to judge; And " safety device " has " outstanding substantive distinguishing features " though jumped out the limitation of wheel, fails to jump out the limitation of " friction braking ", from braking effect, " tyre skid " is still longer, and hard to say have " obvious improvement ", or has said that not having " obvious improvement " is a problem.And the application has not only left the friction of wheel, has also left the road surface, and road pavement is just not damage also, relies on the thrust of self to realize braking fully, and effect is " significantly " also more, so " non-road surface brake system " by name.

Because making constant progress of auto manufacturing technology more than 200 year, the manufacturing technology of each system of automobile becomes better and approaching perfection day by day, and these are record to some extent in many documents, and this is that novel brake system can be used for reference, even the technology that can transplant fully." Jiefang brand autotruck list of spare parts " (revising the 4th edition) that First Automobile Works is compiled, put down in writing utilization " mechanical type manipulation ", the brake system by " compressed air-driven " of control brake.

XU Yinsheng, the Gong Yancheng chief editor, Golden Shield press publishes " the newly organized car chassis maintenance diagram " 157 pages of (the 1st edition the 1st printing December in 2006) to 197 pages of structural principles of having put down in writing the each several part of brake system with literal and schematic diagram, " service brake device ", " wheel braking during standstill system ", " braking during standstill system of cam opening type central authorities ", " service brake is divided into two types of hydraulic braking and compression air brakes again ", " Shanghai Santana Car hydraulic brake system ", " liberation CA1092 type automobile pressure brake system ", " single-circuit braking system ", " front and back discrete hydraulic braking sysgtem ", " diagonal angle discrete hydraulic braking sysgtem ", " east wind EQ1090E type automobile pressure drum-type front-wheel brake, " other parts are also being put down in writing control (information transmission) in book, the technology status of power and direct brake portion.People's Transportation Press's the 1st edition the 1st printing April in 1979, " vehicle maintenance and repair " book that Hunan Province traffic school compiles is also on 330 pages to 346 pages concentrate put down in writing brake system control, power, braking each several part structures, and pointed out " brake equipment that two covers work alone all being housed; be foot-operated brake and hand brake on all automobiles ", " foot-operated brake is divided into again: compression air brake and hydraulic braking.Auxiliary such as vacuum intensifier or the air pressure blwr in addition that have ", also put down in writing relevant controlling in the other parts of book, the mechanism of power and braking.At " newly organized domestic automobile circuit atlas ", " newly organized automobile circuit fuel injection systems structure and maintenance " " car is chosen and user manual ", " auto electronic control technology self-study reader ", " automobile electric control system trouble diagnosing inspection examples ", " vehicle maintenance and repair technology ", " east wind diesel car structure and use maintenance ", all put down in writing the structure that much can realize Gong the reference of its manufacturing, the each several part that has even can be directly used in non-ground-surface brake system in " newly organized Santana series vehicle structural and use maintenance " these books for non-road surface brake system.

The jet propulsion technology is through 1,000 years of development, and very ripe, purposes spreads all over the various fields of civil and military especially." fireworks production and the safety " that Jiang Hong writes (light industry press publish 1980 May the 1st edition) has been introduced evolution, the classification of fireworks; Set forth the basic theories of burning and explosion phenomenon; The composition of black powder, performance, manufacturing, susceptibility and stability, production safety management; The burning of pyrotechnic compound (blast) reaction, proportioning are calculated, preparation; The computing formula of power medicament thrust; 45 width of cloth nomograms and 78 subordinate lists have also been made in the book.

Below be this book and jet propulsion technology and the relevant partial content of propellant:

Rocket is the great technological invention that there is long history in China, along with the appearance of the black powder of one of Ancient Times in China four inventions grows up.In two generations of Tang and Song Dynasty, the fireworks of " the assorted play of gunpowder " and so on are widely popular, and kind was a lot of at that time, manufacturing process is also quite progressive, and symbol melon and fruit, animals shaped fireworks have not only been arranged, and product such as " rocket rockets " (see figure 1) has been arranged.The rocket that rockets of the Tang Dynasty, quiver is made with millboard or metal sheet, and the jet pipe of rocket afterbody is generally made with clay.After the gunpowder arrow is lighted, produce a large amount of gas, by outwards rapidly ejection of jet pipe, thereby produce reaction thrust, promote the rocket rise of soaring.When powder burning arrived topmost, the flash of light material of rocket nose section was lighted, and radiates gorgeous spark.This is almost the same with our present rocket class firework product.Fireworks have formed some traditional places of production throughout the country through the development of Tang, Song Yihou several generations, as Dongguan, the South Sea in Guangdong, the North Sea in Guangxi, Hepu, the Liuyang in Hunan, Liling, ground such as the ten thousand years in Jiangxi, Pingxiang all are the concentrated producing regions of fireworks.The producing region, Liuyang has promptly begun to produce the firecrackers of more than ten kind as far back as 1740, and in 1885 to outer vent, sell to ground such as India, Japan, Korea, Iran, Nan Yang, enjoy high reputation in the Asia.After the liberation, the firework production development of China is to the kind more than 500 of the resultant effect of sound, light, cigarette, look, moulding, find a good sale in more than 50 country, also produced a collection of navigation, the fishery distress signal bullet of being used for, the literature and art stage effect, the new products such as domestically made rocket of the antitank grenade bullet of military training and agricultural, meteorological usefulness.

The basic theories of burning and blast: one, burning and burning-point, burning must possess following three conditions: 1, combustible material, can play the material of vigorous reaction with oxygen or oxidizer, and also be called reducing substances.2, combustion-supporting material, all materials that can help and support burning also are oxidizer, as air, potassium nitrate, chlorine etc.3, ignition source (also cry to excite and dash energy), every heat energy (heating, flame, Mars) that can cause combustible material burning, mechanical energy (impact, friction, acupuncture), electric energy (electro spark, discharge), luminous energy (light), chemical power and other can wait, and all are called to excite towards energy.1, flash-point, when steam that some material evaporates with contact with burning things which may cause a fire disaster after ambient air mixes, the temperature when occurring the flash of light of blue flame for the first time is flash-point or flashing point.2, burning-point, burning-point also are firing point, and the flame of flash burn is burnt away, and combustion period is no less than the temperature of five seconds burning-point.Bar-shaped electro spark with barium nitrate and aluminium powder are made is difficult to light with match, can light soon with the igniting of black powder lead-in wire.3, spontaneous combustion and spontaneous ignition temperature, a kind of material are under the situation that does not contact burning things which may cause a fire disaster, and be spontaneously on fire, is called spontaneous combustion, forms spontaneous temperature on fire and just be called spontaneous ignition temperature.Two, blast, blast is rapid physics or the chemical change that a kind of material (as gas, miscellaneous gas, dust, pyrotechnic composition, TNT) takes place, and emits the phenomenon of a large amount of energy simultaneously.Explosion time, temperature and pressure sharply raise, and produce explosion or impetus.Three characteristics of blast are: 1, blast all is big especially at pressure, and has exceeded and take place under the condition of outside resistibility.2, blast is suddenly taking place rapidly in a flash.3, blast will destroy its thing of constraint more or less, even be to explode in air fully, also can produce the blast (being called shock wave) of pressure.Chemical explosion is that some material contains one or more chemical constitutions, owing to being caused that enough the energy that detonates explodes, and has become the material of other one or more from the starting substance, and is most of or all become gas, and emits a large amount of heat.The gas volume that blast is produced has increased hundreds of to more than thousand times than original volume, temperature is up to 3000～5000 ℃, and pressure can reach several ten thousand to a hundreds of thousands of barometric pressure.The rapid expansion of this kind high temperature and high pressure gas has just formed common being seen explosion phenomenon.The common burning and the process of chemical explosion are distinguishing, and the difference of its essence just is: (in flame) does not have the phenomenon that pressure sharply rises in the conversion zone of ordinary combustion.For some chemical explosion, also can be described as momentary burning, therefore, a lot of combustion phenomenon change blast into owing to pressure sharply increases.Form blast and must possess three conditions: the pace of change of (1) chemical reaction is very fast, and can automatically carry through to the end.This is the most important condition of chemical explosion, and this pace of change will be weighed with the time of per centum second to parts per million second.(2) can produce a large amount of heat during chemical change.(3) course of reaction produces a large amount of gases.The 1Kg explosive is black powder 280L at the gas volume that explosion time produced, nitrocotton 765L, and picric acid 675L, TNT690L, these expand more rapidly after being heated than the gas of big hundreds of times of original volume, make gas and heat energy all become mechanical work.Explosive can be divided three classes by its constituent: 1, the explosive mixture of being made up of the material that can not explode, for example pyrotechnic composition; 2, explosive compound explosive, or be single explosive, they itself are exactly a kind of cmpd, have explosion property, as TNT; 3, the explosive mixture of being made up of explosive its objective is the explosion property of improving original explosive, as hexogen etc.Purposes by explosive is divided into four big classes: 1, propellant powder comprises black powder, cordite (nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin); 2, high explosive, its feature are detonation, comprise TNT, hexogen etc.; 3, burster; 4, pyrotechnic compound, chlorate and perchlorate have the character of high explosive.Explosive must outer boundary strength could break out, this strength be called excite dash can, or cry detonate can, required certain of explosive outburst excites the big or small degree of dashing energy, generally is called susceptibility (or abbreviating sensitivity as).

Black powder is a kind of mechanical mixture, and composition wherein chemically is being uncombined mutually.The molecule that is to say its various compositions is an individualism separately, just mixes more or less.Therefore, no matter black powder still is the phenomenon of physics from chemistry, all is a kind of uneven material, and by its structure, it is a kind of pory material to a certain extent, and its main performance depends on the amalgamation degree of each composition and the proportioning of composition.The outburst decomposition reaction of black powder is very complicated, and it is the temperature during with reaction, pressure different and changing to some extent along with the difference of component.According to the test inference, the black powder that the potassium nitrate by 74.8%, 11.8% sulphur and 13.4% charcoal are formed, its outburst decomposition is to be carried out simultaneously by in five equations two or three ...For a long time, people just attempt to be interpreted as these three kinds of unexplosive materials of what potassium nitrate, charcoal and sulphur and mix, and can form a kind of explosive substance.Inapprehensiblely especially be: the binary mixture of potassium nitrate and charcoal or potassium nitrate and sulphur then is not explode or explosive very weak.The course of reaction that is taken place when many scientists (comprising flute card and newton) try hard to the black powder burning is described.Someone studies black powder explosive reaction in bore, thinks that its decomposable process is: 2KNC ₃+ S+3C → K ₂S+N ₂+ 3CO ₂Someone thinks by a large amount of tests: the burning of black powder is two processes.F/s is according to exothermal reaction generation oxidizing reaction: 10KNO ₃+ 8C+3S=2K ₂CO ₃+ 3K ₂SO ₄+ 6CO ₂+ 5N ₂+ 979 kilocalories ...When black powder burning or outburst, produce one tension force (thrust), this strand tension force just is called impetus.Impetus have with per kilogram powder burning (outburst) time barometric pressure and the gas quantitaes (LPo/Kg) that produce, have with per kilogram powder burning (detonation) time can release what meters expressions (mKg/Kg) to the object of much quality.The size of impetus is the amount of gas that produces of gunpowder outburst back (strictness say so specific volume), pressure, quick-fried heat and explosion velocity decision.When every gram black powder broke out, the volume that produces gas was about 280cm ³About, quick-fried heat is about 720 cards, and flame temperature is about about 2500 ℃, and impetus is 2400LPo/Kg.The impetus of the actual explosive of getting angry is mainly determined by outburst speed.Explosion velocity is fast more, and impetus is big more, and capacity for work (or being destructive force) is also big more.For example: calculate with the distance (foot) that 1 pound of fiery explosive is dished out the object of 1 pound weight: black powder is 110,000, and common military roasting and boiling as two means of processing crude drugs is 300,000 (ftIb/Ib); The principal element that influences black powder combustion speed by pressure, form and density, excite energy, temperature, humidity, fineness and the amalgamation degree etc. of dashing in addition in addition.Introduction according to " the theoretical study course of explosive " (this nit section of the Soviet Union writes) book, when black powder density is 1.3, can make its detonation with very big detonating, the observed maximum detonation rate of author is per second 3000～4000m, but Many researchers is 1.2 black powder to density, with the common measured detonation rate of detonation that can cause of detonating all between 380～420m/s.

Pyrotechnic compound is a medicament of producing firework product, and they produce the effect of light, heat, cigarette, sound and motion when burning (or blast), comprise coloured luminous agent, illuminating agent, glitter ... power (emission) medicament and detonator etc.Pyrotechnic compound also is a kind of mechanical mixture.Its main component is oxidizer and combustible, adds the medicament of adhesives and special effect.The cmpd of oxygen commonly used or hexachlorobenzene, carbon trichloride are as the oxidizer in the pyrotechnic compound; Subordinate list 33 " physicochemical properties of several main oxidizers " has been listed KCIO ₃, KCIO ₄, KNO ₃Deng physicochemical properties such as the mol wt of oxidizer, fusing point, reaction equation, level of oxygen, generation heat.The physicochemical property of subordinate list 38 main combustibles and oxide thereof has been listed the performance of more than ten kind of combustibles such as aluminium, magnesium; The oxide of subordinate list 39 combustibles generates the oxide generation heat that heat has been listed combustibles such as sulphur, aluminium, phosphorus.

The power medicament is propellant again, and it is the firework product that is used for loading motion, for example goes up to the air, the product of rotation and shift position (advance or retreat), and the back thrust that is produced when utilizing the burning of power medicament makes product itself do various motions.The volume of advocating to depend on gaseous state resultant when burning of power medicament, the gas volume that generates when every gram medicament burns is bigger, and also more greatly, this power is called specific impulse or thrust to the power of generation, unit is what kilogram propellants that burn each second, and the thrust that produces how many kilograms is calculated.The thrust of the power medicament that rocket is used, available following approximate formula calculates: F-thrust in F=(Pe-Pa) the Ae+mVe formula, the pressure of Pe-outside nozzle air-flow, the speed of Ve-outside nozzle air-flow, the cross-sectional area of Ae-outside nozzle, m-releases mass velocity (being the amount of gas that the unit time internal combustion produces), the bar pressure that Pa-gas is discharged.Accurately calculating the thrust of rocket series products, is comparatively difficult.But general firework product does not need such accurate Calculation yet.

The invention of solid fuel the earliest---black powder has promoted the development of rocket, the extensive utilization of rocket has promoted the exploitation and the development of various fuel again, phase early 1940s, large-scale liquid rocket succeed in sending up the basis of having established modern space technology, in the developing history of rocket more than one thousand years, fuel and rocket; Solid fuel and liquid fuel; Dual-use; Rocket and satellite; Mechanics, thermodynamics and materialogy; Eltec, automatic control technology, computer technology, jet propulsion technology and manufacturing process technology; Medical science, exchange penetration between vacuum technique and the low temperature technique intersects mutually and mutually promotes, and develops into modern perfect aeronautical and space technology and huge aerospace industry.

Thank plinth, Jia Yuhong chief editor, " the aeronautical and space technology outline " that Huang Jun, Wu Yongkang compile (press of BJ University of Aeronautics ﹠ Astronautics 2008 August the 2nd edition), aeronautical and space technology has been done the introduction of extensive, in the 3rd chapter the 4th joint rocket engine,, liquid rocket, solid-rocket and solid-liquid hybrid rocket engine have been done deep explanation to the Specifeca tion speeification of rocket engine.The characteristics of rocket engine (abbreviation rocket) are not only to carry fuel, and carry oxidizer.Difference by the energy that quickens working medium (air-flow), rocket engine can be divided into the chemical power rocket engine with non-chemically can rocket engine (as electric energy rocket engine, nuclear rocket engine, solar rocket engine), using maximum at present is the chemical power rocket engine.The principle of work of chemical power rocket engine is that fuel and oxidizer are burnt at combustion chamber, and chemical power is transformed into high-temperature fuel gas, produces thrust through the jet pipe ejection.Fuel and oxidizer are referred to as propellant.Press the difference of propellant type, rocket engine can be divided into liquid, solid and solid-liquid hybrid engine three major types.Liquid-propellant rocket engine is divided into single constituent element, double elements and three constituent element liquid-propellant rocket engines.

Single constituent element liquid rocket is only to lean on a kind of propellant constituent element, and this constituent element can decompose by self enter burning, and monopropellant commonly used has hydrogen peroxide, anhydrous hydrazine, isopropyl nitrate etc.The monopropellant rocket engine system is simple relatively, but energy is low, and specific impulse low (about the about 1700m/s of specific impulse) is equipped with catalyst to accelerate decomposition in the thrust chamber.Be usually used in small-sized auxiliary engine or gas generator, this book Fig. 3-23 is depicted as the hydrogen peroxide (H that U.S.'s " Mercury " number manned spacecraft adopts ₂O ₂) liquid list constituent element rocket propulsion system scheme drawing.The double elements liquid rocket is very high because of its specific impulse, and compares with electric propulsion system, and system power consumption is seldom a kind of propulsion system of comparative maturity again, is system most widely used in the present rocket engine.System is made up of propellant transfer system, flow regulating control valve, thrust chamber (comprising injector, combustion chamber, jet pipe) and cooling system etc., oxidizer in the propellant and fuel leave in respectively in the independent tank, need special delivery system respectively they to be delivered to combustion chamber during work, the high temperature and high pressure gas after the burning sprays at a high speed through thrust chamber and produces thrust (shown in Fig. 3-24).The function of propellant transfer system is that on request flow and pressure is carried propellant to combustion chamber, will have certain pressure that propellant is expressed to the combustion chamber from tank during the rocket normal operation and go, normally carrying propellant is the condition precedent that guarantees the liquid-propellant rocket engine normal operation.Delivery system can be divided into two types of squash type and pump pressure types.The squash type delivery system is to utilize high pressure gas (pressure is 25～30MPa) (after reducing to 3.5～5.5MPa), to enter oxidizer tank and fuel tank through reducing valve decompression.Oxidizer and fuel are sent into combustion chamber by separately pipeline through flow control valve and injector respectively under pressure and are mixed, burn.Be depicted as the working process of squash type delivery system as Fig. 3-25.High pressure gas should choosing and oxidizer, all unresponsive unreactable gas of fuel, as nitrogen, helium or air.Pump formula delivery system is to utilize the pressure of turbopump raising from the propellant of tank, makes a/s flow of propellant and pressure enter combustion chamber.Be depicted as the working process of pump formula delivery system as Fig. 3-26.Gas generator produces combustion gas and drives turbine rotation, turbine drives oxidant pump and fuel pump work by gear case, and oxidizer after the supercharging and fuel enter injector through valve and spray into combustion chamber, burn in combustion chamber, last combustion gas sprays at a high speed by jet pipe, produces thrust.This book has been made detailed introduction in conjunction with Fig. 3-25 squash type delivery system and Fig. 3-26 pump formula delivery system to propellant transfer system.Done detailed introduction in conjunction with Fig. 2-10, Fig. 3-14 ,-27 pairs of thrust chambers of Fig. 3-15, Fig. 3.Also main propellant has been done introduction, liquid oxidizer commonly used has liquid oxygen and liquid fluorine, in addition also have some composite oxidants or include the cmpd of burning element (carbon, hydrogen etc.), as nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide and some nitrogen compounds (dinitrogen tetroxide N ₂O ₄, nitrogen monoxide NO and nitrous oxide N ₂O etc.).Liquid oxygen O ₂: oxidizing force is strong, and is nontoxic with fuel mixing after-combustion temperature height, the density height, and cost is low.But the boiling point of liquid oxygen low (183 ℃), evaporation easily is difficult for storing, and therefore seldom is used for guided missile, because its combustion heat value height, so on the carrier rocket of aerospacecraft, use wider.Hydrogen peroxide H ₂O ₂: can be used as oxidizer, also can be used as monopropellant and use.The hydrogen peroxide that uses on the rocket generally is 65%～100% the aqueous system.Dense hydrogen peroxide is a colourless liquid, nontoxic, good stability then causes decomposition easily but contact with common heavy metal, therefore should note the selection of material, the driving engine that hydrogen peroxide generally is used to drive the gas generator of turbine or is used for the low thrust attitude control system as monopropellant.The liquefied compound that fuel mainly is made up of elements such as carbon, hydrogen and hydrogen and boron, aluminium, carbon, nitrogen is as liquid hydrogen, aviation kerosene, hydrazine and derivant and mixed amine etc.Also introduce the pre-packing technique of liquid propellant in the book, made pre-packing propellant, can overcome the shortcoming of liquid-propellant rocket engine operation in-use performance difference to a great extent.

At 171～175 pages of compositions, introduced kind, shape, characteristics and the merits and faults of composition, principle of work and the propellant of solid propellant rocket in the book in conjunction with Fig. 3-28 solid propellant rocket.Solid-rocket mainly is made up of powder column, combustion chamber, nozzle component and ignition device etc., during engine operation, starting ignition device at first, make igniter pad burning, produce combustion gas, make motor grain light and burn with certain pressure and temperature, the powder column burning produces big energy, and the residues of combustion of generation High Temperature High Pressure, the product after the burning sprays from jet pipe as working medium, produces thrust.Powder column is the cylinder of being made by propellant and a small amount of additive, and it can be made up of one or more solid propellants.The way that propellant can be taked to pour into a mould is filled in the combustion chamber.The shape of powder column will lean on special mould to guarantee; Also can make powder column in advance, when driving engine assembles, be filled in the combustion chamber.The surface of powder column can coat with deflagration or nonflammable material, forms clad or flame-retardant layer, is used for controlling the Changing Pattern of the size and the thrust of burning [surface.Sometimes also can regulate the purpose that combustion chamber pressure changes and obtain needed thrust Changing Pattern by adopting the propellant combination of two or more different combustion speed, reaching.When powder column burnt, the temperature of combustion chamber can reach 2500 ℃～3500 ℃ high temperature and the pressure of 1～20MPa, so combustion chamber must be with high-strength alloy or composite material manufacturing, and installed heat shield liner additional between powder column and combustion chamber inwall.Solid propellant comprises colloid (double-basis) propellant and composite propellant two big classes.Gelled propellant is a kind of organic solid solution (compound), and at present the more of usefulness is the colloidal solution of nitrocellulose in some explosive (nitroglycerin and nitrated glycol etc.).For the storage stability that improves propellant, improve burning velecity and themoplasticity and reduce explosion hazard etc., also mixed some additives, as stabilizer, catalyst, plasticizer and passivator etc.Composite propellant is that the particulate with oxidizer is evenly distributed in the solid combustion agent, is the mechanical mixture of oxidizer particulate and fuel.It is more that the oxidizer of composite propellant is used is nitrate and chlorate; Fuel then is the adhesives with certain mechanical characteristics and adhesion property, and commonly used have rubber, resin and plastics etc.The key distinction of gelled propellant and composite propellant is that initial temperature and range of pressure that composite propellant can smooth combustion are wideer, and combustion temperature is higher, and specific impulse is bigger.The geometric configuration of powder column and size are directly determining the Specifeca tion speeification (thrust and work-hours etc.) of solid propellant rocket.Therefore the shape of powder column must be determined according to the performance of propellant and the initial parameter of driving engine.The combustion system of different grain configurations is also just different, and the Changing Pattern of thrust is also produced different influences.Press the difference of combustion system, powder column can be divided into three types of end burning, side burning and end, side burnings, shown in Fig. 3-29.Along with development of science and technology, the thrust of modern solid-rocket can be from several newton to millions of newton, and work-hours also reaches several minutes, and its thrust size and Orientation can obtain suitable control, and multiple driving engine has been realized repeatedly starting preferably.Solid propellant rocket has had widely in many-sides such as guided missile sounding, deliveries to be used.This book 3.4.4 has done introduction in conjunction with Fig. 3-30 solid-liquid hybrid rocket engine to its principle of work and performance characteristics.The solid-liquid hybrid rocket is to use the rocket of solid constituent element and liquid constituent element combination propellants, and Fig. 3-30 is depicted as the scheme drawing of this type of driving engine.The solid-liquid hybrid engine adopts the fuel of solid and the oxidizer of liquid more, because liquid oxidizer is bigger than the density of liquid composition, the average specific that therefore helps improving propellant dashes.Engine working process is: the gas in the high-pressure gas bottle is through the reducing valve decompression, enter the oxidizer tank after being reduced to required pressure, liquid oxidizer enters the injector of combustion chamber under pressure through valve, the liquid oxidizer that atomized is injected in the interior hole path of powder column (fuel).This powder column has only a kind of constituent element, therefore can not produce combustion reaction.During engine operation, the liquid fuel of and liquid oxidizer generation spontaneous combustion a small amount of by the spray in combustion chamber of the injector of head of combustion chamber is also lighted a fire, combustion gas after the burning is heated to the bore passages of powder column, make its surface gasification, mix with liquid vapour that injector comes out again and burn, high temperature, the high-pressure gas that burning generates accelerations of in jet pipe, expanding, and at high speed discharge, generation thrust.Gu a liquid hybrid engine combines the advantage of two kinds of driving engines of solid, liquid, be characterized in the better performances of (1) composite propellant, its specific impulse and liquid propellant are close, and be more much higher than solid propellant, and average density is then than liquid propellant height; (2) Duoed an injector combined member than solid engines on the structure, but overall structure is still simple than liquid rocket; (3) by closing or regulate the flow of liquid constituent element, can realize repeatedly starting more conveniently, cut-off and thrust regulation.

The Specifeca tion speeification of air breathing power unit is as follows.

(1) thrust: the thrust of driving engine is to act on making a concerted effort of driving engine surfaces externally and internally upward pressure, and its unit is N.The principle that thrust produces is shown in Fig. 3-5.The expression formula that can be got thrust F by momentum theorem is

F＝q _mi(v _e--v ₀)+q _m0v _e+A(p _e--P ₀) (3-1)

In the formula, q _MiAnd q _M0Be respectively the MAF and the outlet combustion gas quality flow (unit is kg/s) that enter driving engine, v ₀Be inlet air flow speed, v _eBe the combustion gas speed of nozzle exit, A is the nozzle exit area, p _eBe exit flow static pressure, p ₀Be the ambient atmosphere static pressure.The thrust of modern turbojet by several KN to hundreds of KN.(2) specific thrust: the air of per unit flow (unit is kg/s) enters the thrust that driving engine produces and is called specific thrust, and it is the important indicator of measured engine performance.(3) thrust-weight ratio: the ratio of engine thrust (under the maximum rating of ground) and its structural weight, it also is an important indicator of measured engine performance.(4) specific fuel consumption (SFC): produce the amount of fuel that specific thrust (1N) is per hour consumed, its unit is kg/ (Nh).Specific fuel consumption (SFC) is the important indicator of driving engine economy.

3.4.1 principle and air breathing power unit that the Specifeca tion speeification of rocket engine (1) thrust rocket engine produces are basic identical, speed was zero when just the rocket engine propellant entered driving engine, so thrust F can be expressed as:

F＝q _mpv _e+A(p _e-p ₀) (3-2)

Wherein, q _MpBe the mass flow rate (unit is kg/s) of propellant, the meaning of other symbols is with (3-1) formula.As height increase, p ₀Reduce gradually, until p ₀→ 0 o'clock, the thrust of this moment was the vacuum thrust of driving engine.

(2) momentum and always be decided by the size of thrust and the length of work-hours towards the momentum of driving engine.I represents with symbol, is defined as the integration of thrust to work-hours, that is:

$I={\∫}_0^{t_a}\mathrm{Fdt}---(3-3)$

If t _aRepresent the full time of driving engine, then I is the sweay of driving engine, is called for short and always dashes.When thrust F is constant, the total product that just equals thrust and work-hours, i.e. I=Ft of dashing of driving engine _a, the unit that always dashes is Ns, it has reflected the size of engine operation ability, is an important performance perameter of rocket engine, determines to catch fire the length of bowshot or the size of capacity weight.(3) specific impulse is meant the momentum that engine combustion 1kg propellant is produced, and unit is m/s.Specific impulse is another important performance characteristic of rocket engine, on the one hand dashes one regularly as the total of driving engine, and specific impulse is high more, and then the quality of the required propellant of driving engine is few more, so the size of driving engine and quality can reduce; On the other hand, if the quality of propellant is given, specific impulse is high more, and then driving engine always towards just big more, therefore can make the range of rocket or capacity weight correspondingly increase.Have for constantly repeatedly igniting fast 262 pages of this books, adopt oxidizer and fuel to meet and get final product the propellant of spontaneous combustion, as N ₂O ₂With MMH and uns-dimethylhydrazine.This mode is simple in structure, does not need rotating mechanism and actuator, only needs the spray of propellant and stops controlling.

[Soviet Union] A.A. Xi Shikefu work, the ear tinkling of pieces of jade walks slowly like a woman and translates, in 1.1 general introductions of " the solid propellant rocket gas kinetics " in Wang Nanyan school (National Defense Industry Press 1979 February the 1st edition) chapter 1: the characteristics of solid propellant engine are simple in structure in jet engine: it is grouped into (Fig. 1) by housing, propulsion charge and spout portion, solid engine has the powder charge of the different internal bore burnings that freely inserts.Marked the 1-ignition mechanism among the figure; The 2-housing; The 3-powder charge; The 4-jet pipe; 5-fuel; The 6-cladding; 7-dead band (circular clearance); The 8-thermal insulation layer; The 9-combustion chamber wall.Divide chapter to tell about the gas kinetics agenda, the gasmovement in the combustion chamber, the characteristic of jet pipe and jet flow, the unsteadiness fuel gas flow in the solid propellant rocket, the two-dimentional fuel gas flow in the rocket charge passage.

Steel, Zhang Zhiyu, Luan Longfa, Yang Yibian " extraordinary blasting technique " (metallurgical industry press 2004 September the 1st edition) chapter 1 is prolonged at the mausoleum: in extraordinary blasting technique, except using conventional commercial explosive (as No. 2 rock an-tnt explosives, ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture, ammonium pine wax explosive, emulsified oil explosive, aqueous gels and slurry explosives etc.) and initiating device, as blasting cap, electric detonator, Nonel detonator, transfer cord and exploding fuse.Along with science and technology development, some novel explosives arise at the historic moment, as mould (sticking) property explosive, flexible explosive, low explosive, high temperature powder, liquid explosive and electromagnetic detonators, electronic delay detonator, mine rocket projectile etc.Low explosive is mainly used in controlled blasting, explosive welding (compound), and to bag shoe of metal plate and pipeline etc., low explosive grows up for satisfying these specific (special) requirements.It has explosion velocity low, and density is low, and the violent end is low, and detonation sensitivity is moderate, the five aspect characteristics that cut off diameter is little.The low explosive kind of China's production at present is more, and be broadly divided into 4 classes according to its composition: 1, No. 2 rock powdery AN-TNT containing explosives mix with black powder; 2, add heavy metal or its cmpd in the high explosive; 3, add the lightweight microparticle in the high explosive; 4, add density adjuster, sensibilizer in the emulsion.Show 1-4 part low explosive component and performance, listed component, density, explosion velocity, charge diameter and the impact sensitivity of 9 kinds of low explosives such as TY1.From early 1970s, states such as the U.S. and Russia, day have just carried out many researchs to liquid explosive and blasting technology, and the end of the seventies, China also carried out the research to liquid explosive.Because its unique distinction at aspects such as composition, performance and application, it has bigger potentiality, good wide development prospect.In order to overcome the limitation of electric detonator, making great efforts various safe electric detonators of development and initiation system both at home and abroad, as electric detonator detonation system, electromagnetic detonators initiation system, gas conduit initiation system, super sonic initiation system, PED always ^RRemote-controlled detonation system and laser detonator initiation system have obtained test effect preferably in some aspects.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that automobile traditional braking system uses the brake component friction braking on the wheel, little to car body acquired inertia force influence in advancing, when the needs emergency braking, can not resist and in time consume the existing force of inertia of car body effectively, cause " tyre skid " long, produce braking retardation, often lead to the technical matters of traffic accident.

The invention provides a kind of thrust facedown of using the rocket jet Push Technology to produce, the force of inertia that weakening and consumption car body have obtained in advancing shortens stopping distance, is implemented in technical scheme timely under the emergency situation, that effectively brake.

Rocket engine produces the difference of thrust principle and the different chemical rocket engine and the non-chemical rocket driving engines of being divided into of engine operation principle by it, the electric propulsion system that belongs to non-chemical rocket, nuclear propulsion system, the solar propulsion system, owing to reasons such as cost height, usage condition restrictions, significant discomfort is used for automobile brake, be not suitable in nearest a period of time in other words, what be applicable to automobile brake is chemical rocket engine, comprises single constituent element liquid rocket, C-1 type rocket by name; The double elements liquid rocket, C-2 type rocket by name; Solid fuel rocket, C-3 type rocket by name; Solid-liquid composite fuel rocket, C-4 type rocket by name; The element of rocket has propulsion system, rocket body structure and capacity weight, and propulsion system is the propulsion source of rocket; The effect of rocket body structure is all parts that load rocket, makes it into as a whole; Capacity weight is the object that rocket will transport, and does not have load in the retrorocket rocket body structure, and the part that is equivalent to capacity weight is exactly a vehicle.

Above-mentioned four kinds of rockets that are used for automobile brake that this case provides belong to the small-sized civil rocket of a class, its shape and weight should be greater than the fireworks rockets in red-letter day of celebrating usefulness, and little more a lot of than the rocket of delivery artificial earth satellite, its shape and size should be suitable for being installed on the automobile; Automobile-used retrorocket does not have the function of flight, just operational aerodynamic configuration and empennage needn't be arranged yet, and can adopt the installation that is suitable for retrorocket and any pneumatic or non-aerodynamic configuration of use; Also be useful on the coupling link that connects and reinforce the rocket body; For firm being connected on the automobile, the link of a plurality of coupling links by name will be set on rocket envelope, so that firm with two pieces of rocket afterbodys forward, the both sides that are installed in car chassis and back axle (drive axle) of head back, it is right back and left back position, chassis, and it is at all loosening that rocket is had, this is crucial, fixed form comprises machinery and non-mechanical fixed forms such as bolt, clip, adhesion agent, also to make rocket be convenient to dismounting, so that maintenance detects requirements of one's work such as fuel exchange; Coupling link is a link, and the effect of strengthening rocket body is arranged again, or the thrust transferring elements, must use the high strength material manufacturing; Can there be step or groove in coupling link place on rocket body, the rocket body head preferably can withstand the appropriate location of vehicle frame, coupling link can be three circles, four circles or more, also can adopt wideer coupling link to reduce the number of turns, the number of turns of coupling link and width all must be determined according to the actual conditions on the chassis of various different vehicle in a word; Be installed in chassis right back and back two pieces of retrorocket axis of left back position and the angle theta between the chassis 11 ₁Very important, according to the parallelogram of forces rule, the little good braking effect of angle, the big braking effect of angle is poor; But angle is too little, and the high temperature and high pressure gas of rocket ejection will be baked bright car body, therefore will adjust angle theta ₁, the necessary mounted in pairs of rocket, the angle of two pieces of rockets should be identical, i.e. θ ₁A car can be installed two pieces of (a pair of) retrorockets, four pieces (two pairs) also can be installed, two pieces of (a pair of) retrorockets promptly can also be installed respectively, and 11 anterior and front axle (driven bridge) 8 both sides are right front and left front appropriate location, chassis on the chassis, also can be installed in other appropriate location, the angle theta on rocket axis and chassis ₂Size and θ ₁Be to observe identical principle, two pieces of rockets at car rear portion and two pieces of rockets of car front portion should be controlled respectively, so that select brake mode flexibly according to different situations, as not serious danger, the speed of a motor vehicle is also unhappy, and perhaps the place ahead is a vehicle, then can only start two pieces of rear portion, if the place ahead is the steep cliff abyss, then answer the whole four pieces of rockets of emergency start; In order to keep the cleaning of thrust chamber, the jet pipe oral area should install noxxle closure additional, noxxle closure should use frivolous sheetmetal or plastic sheet to make, noxxle closure and jet pipe adopt bearing fit, so that the initial instantaneous of starting working at rocket, the gas that burning produces can be washed it open easily, rather than after combustion chamber produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas, more not high temperature and high pressure gas expands acceleration in jet pipe after, promptly produce several times of gases in the period in fuel combustion, rather than when expanding into hundred times, it is washed open, noxxle closure can adopt machinery or non-mechanical means to be connected on the jet pipe.

Be installed in the retrorocket on the self-propelled vehicle, rocket body and each several part are with respect to the car body frame of reference, all there is not relative change in location, both do not had translation and do not had rotation yet, perhaps linear uniform motion, be in a kind of state of equilibrium, even to earth frame of reference, also be a kind of constant translation, this provides condition for cancelling complicated propellant transfer system, promptly utilize the ready-made pressurized air of self-propelled vehicle, force of inertia during the terrestrial gravitation of liquid propellant and self-propelled vehicle are advanced replaces propellant transfer system, has increased the volume of the loading propellant of rocket body like this, significantly reduce the cost of rocket, helped promoting the use of of non-road surface brake system.

Four kinds of different technical measures of chemical rocket combination can be able to be formed six kinds of jet brake system of self-propelled vehicle that P-1 is tied to P-4-b system as above-mentioned.When the needs emergency braking, by control part by electronic circuit to the pressurized air transfer valve, propellant valve, ignition device (or ignition tube) is sent enabled instruction, pressurized air enters propellant tank through transfer valve, propellant sprays into combustion chamber by transfer valve through injector, ignite by ignition device, propellant produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas in the combustion chamber flash fire and washes noxxle closure open, high-temperature gas formerly shrinks to expand in the Laval nozzle of expanding the back and quickens, can change kinetic energy into interior, produce high-speed jet, thereby generation thrust, thrust acts on car body through link, antagonism, offset the existing force of inertia of car body, shorten stopping distance, realize braking in time.

Because retrorocket is subjected to the limitation of car chassis small space, the necessary miniaturization of retrorocket must be selected the fuel that brisance is big, explosion velocity is big for use thus, and giving up propellant transfer system can increase the rocket volume; Again because the extreme importance of safety, in the trail run stage, rocket should use the fuel that brisance is little, explosion velocity is little, also should use the retrorocket of small dimension, on the underloading dolly, test, certainly the easiest method is the minimizing of firing rate, progressively increases firing rate again under the condition that guarantees safety; Retrorocket can have all size that varies in size, to adapt to the various vehicles that vary in size; Retrorocket to control part be one of important difference feature with conventional rocket, retrorocket is to adopt the control of wired electronic circuit fully, and conventional rocket does not have wired control, has only radio (the perhaps control system in the rocket body) control.Retrorocket is the power of right and wrong road surface brake system both, is again the direct brake portion of system.

Can rocket be competent at the important task of " shorten stopping distance, in time braking ", and the one, see speed of response, the 2nd, see the strength size, this also is that can the technical program realize purpose, possess the key of practicality; One big characteristics of jet braking are rapidities, and the course of reaction of jet braking can be 10 ^-6～10 ^-5Finish in the s, and the generation of traffic accident also is to lead between the several seconds through being everlasting; The pace of change of chemical reaction will be weighed with the time of per centum second to parts per million second, the gas volume that blast is produced has increased hundreds of to more than thousand times than original volume, temperature is up to 3000-5000 ℃, pressure can reach several ten thousand to a hundreds of thousands of barometric pressure, and the 1kg explosive is black powder 280L at the gas volume that explosion time produced, nitrocotton 765L, picric acid 675L, TNT690L expands after these gases are heated more, makes gas and heat energy all become mechanical work; 1 pound of black powder can be dished out 110,000 feet with 1 pound of object, and military roasting and boiling as two means of processing crude drugs more can be dished out 300,000 feet; Compile the powerful thrust that rich data " the artificial satellite spacecraft of various countries' emission and cosmic rocket data letter record " (Science Press June nineteen sixty-five the 1st edition) has also proved rocket from up-to-date technology office of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the 62.5.24 of NASA is at the dawn-7 throw-weight 117930kg of Canaveral Cape emission, the heavy 1925kg of back airship takes off, the heavy 1349kg in back enters the orbit, reclaim heavy 1125kg, car body size (mm); High by 2896, diameter 1829, apogee 268.8km, the purpose of non-road surface brake system is that the stopping distance with 1/20 or 1/30 automobile (load) of cosmic rocket weight shortens, rather than eliminate, if the power of retrorocket is enough in theory certainly, not only can makes stopping distance shorten to 0, even can be negative, promptly can return back to, yes the speed of the key here reaches 7.9km/s and just can go up to the sky and make uniform circular motion around the earth, reaches 11.2km/s and just can turn round around day; With 1/20 or 1/30 of light like this load-cosmic rocket weight, to shorten the so very limited immediate objective of " tyre skid " 20m, though for being littler but still being that powerful retrorocket should be competent at and have a surplus, this is the minimum target of " non-road surface brake system ", and development of technology is should be not balky, finally should reach " tyre skid " the become target of " 0 "; The condition of retrorocket propellant: 1, propellant is required the energy height, higher specific impulse and specific volume are arranged, good physics and chemical stability are arranged; 2, avirulence, environmentally safe is to had no corrosive effect on metals; Propellant viscosity is little, is beneficial to transportation and nozzle work; Propellant is answered flameholding, lights easily, has good burning performance; Because the braking work-hours is short, can not consider propellant Cooling Thrust Chamber wall, also just needn't consider the heat transfer property of propellant; 3, propellant also should have good economic, and cost is lower.Constituent to propellant; The atomization condition of injector and situation; The constituent proportioning performance of ignition device (comprising igniter, burster in ignition tube and the gunpowder box) and propellant; Grain configuration, the coating situation aided design (CAD) that when condition is permitted, should use a computer.

Non-road surface brake system needs great thrust, how many propellants retrorocket needs, various vehicle, and various propellant all has nothing in common with each other, need to calculate respectively, calculating can have several different methods, and multiple computing formula is calculated and determined, can be with comparing, draw by relatively calculating, can also estimate, calculate, calculate accurately, said as the river flood: " will accurately calculate the thrust of rocket product, be comparatively difficult.Even " but calculate by accurate; accurate data has been arranged; also can only be as a reference; can not doctrine act accordingly; because the safety of producing is primary; be the safety meter, answer decrement to test, progressively increase dose then to accurate data, can not be irritable, can not take a risk, because these " data accurately " are " theories ", be the summary of experience of the practice in other field, and rocket is used for also mistake never of automobile brake, therefore appropriate job procedure should be at first to use the propellant that lacks than calculated value to test, and progressively dosage test then is because propellant all is a dangerous material, must be overcautious, necessary drift bolt footwear, the post cane is moved steadily; Brake system whole process on probation and that use in non-road surface should be a dynamic change procedure, and test and practice then are the miraculous cures that solves all theoretical questions and practical problems.As ana " ..., theory is gloomy, and the tree of life is evergreen ".

The weight of the required fuel of retrorocket can have several different methods to calculate, the simplest is pro rata finding the solution, at first the impetus 110,000 ft. lb/pounds with black powder are converted into metric system, then be 33537m.kg/kg, the black powder that is exactly 1kg can be released 33537m with the object of 1kg, as calculated, the container of long 20cm diameter 10cm can hold 1500cm ³Fuel, a pair of two pieces can be held 3000cm ³, promptly (density is with 1.0g/cm for 3000g ³), the vehicle of 3353.7kg can be released 30m, two pairs of four pieces of energy of black powder are released 30m with the vehicle of 6707.4kg, add the volume of upper combustion chamber, and the long 36cm of the size of liquid rocket, diameter 12cm are just enough, and the liquid propellant majority is got 0.8g/cm ³, according to national standard " GB/T15089-2001 " classification, the automobile maximum design total mass is 12000kg among the table 1-3, adapt with it, and a specification surplus four kinds of rockets should have 10, for example, long 32cm, diameter 10cm; Long 30cm, diameter 8cm; Long 38cm, diameter 13cm Corresponding with the size of rocket, the quality of rocket propellant can be 1kg, 0.8kg, 0.7kg, 1.2kg The rest may be inferred by analogy for it.For the size of rocket and the quality of propellant, be in the scope of prior art, according to the variation of propellant and rocket kind, carry out conventional experiment and revise and determine.The impetus of military roasting and boiling as two means of processing crude drugs and liquid fuel is more much bigger than black powder, the requirement of therefore identical impetus, and the needed volume of army's roasting and boiling as two means of processing crude drugs and liquid propellant will lack that (most solid fuel density are with 1.6g/cm about half ³Meter).

This application has is taked the multiple technologies measure to the size the vehicle different with speed of a motor vehicle, but can not be with the corresponding speed of a motor vehicle of mono-target and the vehicle that varies in size, but should set different targets correspondence with it.What should stress is that this target of shortening of stopping distance should not be the static numeral of mono-, and should be set of number, and should be a dynamic incremental process, so long as significantly shortened stopping distance, even 10m, 5m, in addition shorter, be exactly actv., as long as rocket has powerful thrust, stopping distance is become " 0 ", still, can not be " 0 " for occupant's safety, the braking target that can make retrorocket in two steps, even three steps, the first step shortens stopping distance 5-10m, the second step 20m.

" Laffin Gas " rocket automobile that Britain women Caro Linne Campbell (Carolynne Campbell) makes also is worth using for reference, use rapeseed oil and nitrous oxide to make the automobile of 400kg obtain 8000 lbts and 482km/h, speed per hour accelerates to 160 kilometers from zero and only needs less than 0.5s.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1, C-1 type list constituent element liquid rocket front view

Fig. 2, C-1 type list constituent element liquid rocket A-A cutaway view

Fig. 3, C-2 type double elements liquid-fuel rocket front view

Fig. 4, C-2 type double elements liquid-fuel rocket B-B cutaway view

Fig. 5, C-3 type solid-liquid fuel dual-purpose rocket front view

Fig. 6, C-3 type solid-liquid fuel dual-purpose rocket C-C cutaway view

Fig. 7, C-4 type solid-liquid composite fuel rocket front view

Fig. 8, C-4 type solid-liquid composite fuel rocket D-D cutaway view

Fig. 9, the circular burning gallery cross sectional view of powder column

Figure 10, powder column six lobes are quincunx burning gallery cross sectional view

Figure 11, retrorocket are installed front view

Figure 12, retrorocket are installed back view

Figure 13, P-1 type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

Figure 14, P-2 type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

Figure 15, P-3-a type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

Figure 16, P-3-b type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

Figure 17, P-4-a type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

Figure 18, P-4-b type motor vehicle braking systems composition frame chart

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1, Fig. 2 show C-1 type automobile-use list constituent element liquid fuel retrorocket 1, comprise jet pipe 1-4, combustion chamber 1-5, insulation blanket 1-7, ignition device 1-10, injector 1-11, propellant valve 1-12, propellant tank 1-13, propellant 1-14, catalyst 1-15; The rocket body of described C1 rocket and each parts all adopt the high strength material manufacturing; It is characterized in that: described C-1 retrorocket 1 function of not flying, rocket body 1-1 and rocket nose section 1-2 not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, there is not empennage yet, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is rocket body car body in addition, be manufactured with multiple tracks coupling link 1-3 on rocket body shell (abbreviation rocket body) 1-1, jet pipe 1-4 oral area has noxxle closure 1-6 bearing fit with it, noxxle closure uses the thick material of 1-2mm, pressurized air gas piping (abbreviation tracheae) 1-8, pressurized air transfer valve (abbreviation transfer valve) 1-9, electronic circuit 5-1 is that brake system controls that part 5 is used for connecting and control transfer valve 1-9, ignition device 1-10, the parts of propellant valve 1-12; This kind rocket is simple relatively, and the propellant energy is low, and specific impulse is low, is fit to the use of underloading car and compact car; Also be suitable for the use of trail run stage.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4 show C-2 type automobile-use double elements liquid fuel retrorocket 2, comprise jet pipe 2-4, combustion chamber 2-5, insulation blanket 2-7, pressurized air gas piping 2-8, pressurized air transfer valve 2-9, ignition device 2-10, injector 2-11, propellant valve 2-12, fuel tank 2-13, fuel 2-14, oxidizer tank 2-15, oxidizer 2-16; The rocket body of described rocket 2 and each parts all should be selected the high strength material manufacturing for use; Should select simple, reliable, that cost is low various fuels and oxidizer for use; It is characterized in that: the described C-2 type retrorocket function of not flying, rocket body 2-1 and rocket nose section 2-2 not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, more there is not empennage, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is the outer car body of rocket body, be manufactured with some road coupling link 2-3 on the rocket body shell 2-1, coupling link uses the high strength material manufacturing, jet pipe 2-4 oral area has noxxle closure 2-6 bearing fit with it, electronic circuit 5-1 is that brake system controls that part 5 is used for connecting and control compressed air delivery valve 2-9, ignition device 2-10, the parts of propellant valve 2-12; The specific impulse of this kind rocket is very high, is a kind of propulsion system of comparative maturity, is suitable for traction engine, special purpose vehicle such as large-scale passenger and freight car, cross-country car, sport car.

Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show C-3 type automobile-use solid-fuel retrorocket 3, have another name called solid-liquid fuel dual-purpose retrorocket 3, comprise jet pipe 3-4, combustion chamber 3-5, insulation blanket 3-7, powder column 3-8, gunpowder box 3-9, ignition tube 3-10, side burning passage 3-11, powder column burning gallery 3-12 can select the powder column of different shape for use; The C-3 rocket can be selected solid propellant for use, can use pre-packing technique, makes pre-wrapper 3-16, selects liquid propellant for use; Because the extreme importance of safety, jet retrorocket should use brisance little in the trail run stage, as table 1-3 in " extraordinary blasting technique ", the medium and low explosive that table 1-4 lists, all available use; It is characterized in that: described C-3 retrorocket 3 function of not flying, rocket body 3-1 and rocket nose section 3-2 not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, there is not empennage yet, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is the outer car body of rocket body, on the rocket body 3-1 shell, is manufactured with some road coupling link 3-3, jet pipe 3-4 oral area has noxxle closure 3-6 bearing fit with it, and electronic circuit 5-1 is that brake system is controlled the parts that part 5 is used to connect and control ignition tube 3-10; This kind solid fuel rocket is simple in structure, and is simple to operate, and the performance of propellant is stable, but the propellant energy is low, and specific impulse is less, is suitable for the brake system of compact car and underloading car, also is suitable for the brake system in trail run stage.

Fig. 7, Fig. 8 show C-4 type automobile-use solid-liquid composite fuel retrorocket 4, comprise jet pipe 4-4, combustion chamber 4-5, insulation blanket 4-7, powder column 4-8, gunpowder box 4-9, ignition tube 4-10, injector 4-11, oxidizer transfer valve 4-12, burning gallery 4-13, oxidizer tank 4-14, oxidizer 4-15, side burning passage 4-16, powder column can adopt 174 pages of different shapes that illustrate of " aeronautical and space technology outline " (the 2nd edition) and other shape that is fit to; It is characterized in that: the described C-4 type retrorocket function of not flying, rocket body 4-1 and rocket nose section 4-2 not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, also do not have empennage, and rocket body 4-1 shell is manufactured with several coupling link 4-3, jet pipe 4-4 oral area has nozzle cap 4-6 bearing fit with it, pressurized air transfer valve 4-17; Pressurized air gas piping 4-18, electronic circuit 5-1 are that brake system controls that part 5 is used for connecting and control ignition tube 4-10, propellant transfer system 4-12, the parts of pressurized air transfer valve 4-17.

Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 13 show the P-1 type, and the jet brake system of P-1 type self-propelled vehicle also can be described as motor-driven Chefei road surface brake system (being called for short P-1 system), comprises and controls part 5; It is characterized in that: the described P-1 employing C-1 of system type list constituent element liquid fuel retrorocket 1; With two pieces of C-1 type rocket nose section 1-2 backward, jet pipe 1-4 forward, use multiple connection mode, the firm respectively appropriate location that is connected car chassis 11 and back axle 7, it is at all loosening that it can not be had, again can be for convenience detach, can also with said method two pieces of C-1 type retrorockets 1 be installed in car chassis 11 appropriate locations anterior and propons 8; So-called appropriate location refers to that per two pieces of rockets strengthen mutual spacing as far as possible and do not contact suspension again; When the needs emergency braking, control part 5 by the P-1 system that is installed in operator's compartment passes through electronic circuit 5-1 to pressurized air transfer valve 1-9, ignition device 1-10, propellant valve 1-12, send enabled instruction, pressurized air compressed air gas piping 1-8 and transfer valve 1-9 enter propellant tank 1-13, propellant 1-14 is carried by transfer valve 1-12, by injector 1-11 spray to combustion chamber 1-5, through catalyst 1-15 catalysis, 1-10 ignites by ignition device, propellant produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas in the combustion chamber flash fire and washes noxxle closure 1-6 open via jet pipe 1-4 and spray at a high speed, produces thrust, and thrust acts on chassis 11 via link 1-3 etc., antagonism, consume the existing force of inertia of car body, shorten stopping distance.

Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 14 show the motor-driven Chefei of P-2 type road surface brake system, also can be described as the jet brake system of P-2 type self-propelled vehicle (being called for short P-2 system), comprise and control part 5; It is characterized in that: the described P-2 employing C-2 of system type double elements liquid fuel retrorocket 2; With two pieces of C-2 type retrorocket head 2-2 backward, jet pipe 2-4 forward, use multiple connection mode, the firm respectively appropriate location that is connected car chassis 11 and back axle (drive axle) 7, it is at all loosening that it can not be had, again can be for convenience detach, can also with said method two pieces of C-2 type retrorockets 2 be installed in the appropriate location of automotive front.When the needs emergency braking, control part 5 by P-2 system passes through electronic circuit 5-1 to pressurized air transfer valve 2-9, ignition device 2-10, propellant valve 2-12 sends enabled instruction, pressurized air compressed gas gas piping 2-8 and transfer valve 2-9 enter oxidizer tank 2-15, fuel tank 2-13, oxidizer 2-16 and fuel 2-14 are carried by transfer valve 2-12, and to combustion chamber 2-5,2-10 ignites by ignition device through injector 2-11 spray, the propellant flash fire, produce a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas, wash noxxle closure 2-6 open, high-temperature fuel gas expands in jet pipe, quicken, ejection at a high speed, thereby generation thrust, thrust acts on car body through link 2-3, antagonism, consume the existing force of inertia of car body, shorten stopping distance, realize braking in time.

Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 15 show the motor-driven Chefei of P-3-a type road surface brake system (being called for short P-3-a system), also can be described as the jet brake system of P-3-a type self-propelled vehicle, comprise and control part 5; It is characterized in that: the described P-3-a employing C-3 of system type solid fuel rocket 3; Adopt multiple connection mode, comprise and use coupling link 3-3, with four pieces of C-3 rocket nose section 3-2 backward, jet pipe 3-4 is installed in the appropriate location of car chassis 11 forward, and it is at all loosening that it can not be had, again can be for convenience detach; When the needs emergency braking, control part 5 and ignition tube 3-10 is sent firing command by electronic circuit 5-1, gunpowder among the medicine box 3-9 then kindles a fire, produce ignite main medicine column 3-8 in combustion chamber 3-5 of combustion gas, make its acutely burning in burning gallery 3-12 and side burning passage 3-11, and produce a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas, wash noxxle closure 3-6 open, make the high temperature and high pressure gas acceleration of in jet pipe, expanding, produce high-speed jet, thereby car body is produced thrust; Resist, consume the existing force of inertia of automobile, shorten stopping distance.

Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 9, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 16 show the motor-driven Chefei of P-3-b road surface brake system, also can be described as the jet brake system of P-3-b type self-propelled vehicle (being called for short P-3-b system), comprise and control part 5; It is characterized in that: the propellant of described P-3-b system adopts 61.91% potassium nitrate, and 15.06% sulphur and 21.42% charcoal are formed loading density 1.0g/cm ³Black powder, adopt the circular burning gallery 3-14 of Fig. 9, and dwindle the burning gallery aperture, and adopt fire proofing to make clad 3-15 at the lateral surface of powder column 3-13, these measures all are in order to reduce burning velecity, to reduce energy, so that reduce the detonation composition, reduce damage effect, the safety performance that the raising system is in operation is tied to form P-3-b and is the trial target of motor vehicle braking systems and forerunner's role; Trial period can be with the fuel of little energy, energization gradually then, and whole process should be the process of a dynamic change.The long 28cm of rocket (covering the outside face of 3-6 from the case surface of ignition tube 3-10 to jet pipe), external diameter 10cm.

Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 17 show the motor-driven Chefei of P-4-a type road surface brake system, also can be described as the jet brake system of P-4-a type self-propelled vehicle (being called for short P-4-a system), comprise and control part 5; It is characterized in that: the described P-4-a employing C-4 of system type solid-liquid composite fuel rocket 4; With four pieces of C-4 rocket nose section 4-2 backward, jet pipe 4-4 uses multiple connection mode forward, comprises using coupling link 4-3, firm respectively car chassis 11 and other correct position of car body of being connected, and it is at all loosening, for convenience detach again that it can not be had; Can select for use various fuel to make propellant, powder column can adopt different shape, and the high temperature and high pressure gas of jet pipe 4-4 ejection can not be baked any position of the automobile that burns, and carries out respectively control by controlling part 5 by electronic circuit with the 2 pieces of rockets in rear portion for anterior 2 pieces; When the needs emergency braking, the part 5 of controlling by brake system is passed through electronic circuit 5-1 to oxidizer transfer valve 4-12, ignition tube 4-10, pressurized air transfer valve 4-17 sends enabled instruction, pressurized air enters oxidizer tank 4-14 through tracheae 4-18 and transfer valve 4-17, oxidizer 4-15 is carried through injector 4-11 by delivery system 4-12 and sprays into combustion chamber 4-5, cause flash fire by ignition device 4-10 igniting, burning produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas, 4-4 sprays at a high speed via jet pipe, produce huge antagonistic force, act on chassis 11, consume through attaching parts, offset the acquired force of inertia of automobile.

Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Figure 10, Figure 11, Figure 12, Figure 18 show the motor-driven Chefei of P-4-b type road surface brake system, also can be described as the jet brake system of P-4-b type self-propelled vehicle (being called for short P-4-b system), comprise and control part 5; It is characterized in that: P-4-b still adopts C-4 solid-liquid composite fuel rocket, its improvement direction is: take multiple measure, increase rocket thrust, to adapt to the important task of full size vehicle, special vehicle braking, this example of component (by weight) adopts code name 1871,96.5% hexogen, 1.8% clot bond, 0.7% organism glass and 1% graphite, density 1.75gcm ^-3, explosion velocity 8565mS ^-1High temperature powder make fuel; Adopt hydrogen peroxide H ₂O ₂Make oxidizer; Powder column 4-21 adopts the quincunx burning gallery 4-19 of self-designed six lobes of contriver among Figure 10, and the side is burning gallery 4-20; The long 32cm of rocket (covering the outside face of 4-6 from the rocket body outside face of transfer valve 4-17 to jet pipe), external diameter 12cm.

Claims (10)

1. an automobile-use list constituent element liquid fuel retrorocket (1), comprise jet pipe (1-4), combustion chamber (1-5), insulation blanket (1-7), ignition device (1-10), injector (1-11), propellant valve (1-12), propellant tank (1-13), propellant (1-14), catalyst (1-15); It is characterized in that: described retrorocket (1) function of not flying, rocket body (1-1) and rocket nose section (1-2) not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, there is not empennage yet, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is rocket body car body in addition, be manufactured with multiple tracks coupling link (1-3) on the rocket body shell (1-1), jet pipe (1-4) oral area has noxxle closure (1-6) bearing fit with it, pressurized air gas piping (1-8), pressurized air transfer valve (1-9), electronic circuit (5-1) is that brake system controls that part (5) is used for connecting and control transfer valve (1-9), ignition device (1-10), the parts of propellant valve (1-12).

2. an automobile-use double elements liquid fuel retrorocket (2), comprise jet pipe (2-4), combustion chamber (2-5), insulation blanket (2-7), ignition device (2-10), injector (2-11), propellant valve (2-12), fuel tank (2-13), fuel (2-14), oxidizer tank (2-15), oxidizer (2-16); It is characterized in that: described retrorocket (2) function of not flying, rocket body (2-1) and rocket nose section (2-2) not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, more there is not empennage, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is the outer car body of rocket body, be manufactured with some roads coupling links (2-3) on the rocket body shell (2-1), jet pipe (2-4) oral area has noxxle closure (2-6) bearing fit with it, pressurized air gas piping (2-8), pressurized air transfer valve (2-9), electronic circuit (5-1) is that brake system controls that part (5) is used for connecting and control transfer valve (2-9), ignition device (2-10), the parts of propellant valve (2-12).

3. an automobile-use solid-liquid fuel dual-purpose retrorocket (3), comprise jet pipe (3-4), combustion chamber (3-5), insulation blanket (3-7), powder column (3-8), gunpowder box (3-9), ignition tube (3-10), side burning passage (3-11), powder column burning gallery (3-12), pre-wrapper (3-16); It is characterized in that: described retrorocket (3) function of not flying, rocket body (3-1) and rocket nose section (3-2) not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, there is not empennage yet, there is not capacity weight in the rocket body structure, what be equivalent to capacity weight is the outer car body of rocket body, be manufactured with some roads coupling links (3-3) on the rocket body shell (3-1), jet pipe (3-4) oral area has noxxle closure (3-6) bearing fit with it, and electronic circuit (5-1) is that brake system is controlled the parts that part (5) is used for connecting and controlling ignition tube (3-10).

4. an automobile-use solid-liquid composite fuel retrorocket (4), comprise jet pipe (4-4), combustion chamber (4-5), insulation blanket (4-7), powder column (4-8), gunpowder box (4-9), ignition tube (4-10), injector (4-11), oxidizer transfer valve (4-12), oxidizer tank (4-14), oxidizer (4-15), side burning passage (4-16); It is characterized in that: the described retrorocket function of not flying, rocket body (4-1) and rocket nose section (4-2) not necessarily have aerodynamic configuration, also do not have empennage, rocket body shell (4-1) is manufactured with several coupling link (4-3), and jet pipe (4-4) oral area has noxxle closure (4-6) bearing fit with it; Pressurized air transfer valve (4-17), pressurized air gas piping (4-18); Electronic circuit (5-1) is that brake system controls that part (5) is used for connecting and control ignition tube (4-10), propellant valve (4-12), the parts of pressurized air transfer valve (4-17).

5. a motor vehicle braking systems comprises and controls part (5); It is characterized in that: described brake system adopts single constituent element liquid fuel retrorocket (1); With four pieces of rockets (1) heads (1-2) backward, jet pipe (1-4) uses coupling link (1-3) forward, the firm respectively appropriate location that is connected car chassis (11), back axle (7) and propons (8), and it is at all loosening that it can not be had, again can be for convenience detach; When the needs emergency braking, control part (5) by brake system passes through electronic circuit (5-1) to transfer valve (1-9), propellant valve (1-12), ignition device (1-10) is sent enabled instruction, pressurized air enters propellant tank (1-13) through gas piping (1-8) and transfer valve (1-9), propellant (1-14) is carried by transfer valve (1-12), by injector (1-11) spray to combustion chamber (1-5), through catalyst (1-15) catalysis, (1-10) ignites by ignition device, propellant produces a large amount of high temperature and high pressure gas in the combustion chamber flash fire and washes noxxle closure (1-6) ejection at a high speed open via jet pipe (1-4), produce thrust, thrust acts on chassis (11) via coupling link (1-3), antagonism, consume the existing force of inertia of car body, shorten stopping distance.

6. a motor vehicle braking systems comprises and controls part (5); It is characterized in that: described brake system adopts double elements liquid fuel retrorocket (2); With four pieces of retrorockets (2) heads (2-2) backward, jet pipe (2-4) uses coupling link (2-3), the firm respectively appropriate location that is connected car chassis (11), back axle (7) and propons (8) forward, it is at all loosening that it can not be had, again can be for convenience detach.

7. a motor vehicle braking systems comprises and controls part (5); It is characterized in that: described brake system adopts solid-liquid fuel dual-purpose rocket (3); Use coupling link (3-3) with four pieces of rockets (3) heads (3-2) backward, jet pipe (3-4) is installed in the appropriate location of car chassis (11) forward.

8. as brake system as described in the claim 7, it is characterized in that: the fuel of described brake system adopts circular burning gallery (3-14), adopts fire proofing to make clad (3-15) at two end faces and the lateral surface of powder column (3-13); Employing contains potassium nitrate 61.91%, sulphur 15.06%, carbon 21.42%, loading density 1.0g/cm ³Black powder make propellant; The long 28cm of rocket, diameter 10cm.

9. a motor vehicle braking systems comprises and controls part (5); It is characterized in that: described brake system adopts solid-liquid composite fuel rocket (4); With four pieces of rockets (4) heads (4-2) backward, jet pipe (4-4) uses firm respectively being connected on the car chassis (11) of coupling link (4-3) forward; Carry out respectively control by controlling part (5) by electronic circuit (5-1) with the two pieces of rockets in rear portion for anterior two pieces.

10. as brake system as described in the claim 9; It is characterized in that: described brake system adopts code name 1871,96.5% hexogen, 1.8% clot bond, 0.7% organism glass and 1% graphite, density 1.75gcm ^-3, explosion velocity 8565ms ^-1High temperature powder make fuel; Hydrogen peroxide H ₂O ₂Make oxidizer; Powder column (4-21) adopts the quincunx burning galleries of six lobes (4-19), and the side is burning gallery (4-20); The long 32cm of rocket, diameter 12cm.

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