CN102026099A - Self-adaptive low-delay media access control method in WBAN (wireless body area network) - Google Patents
Self-adaptive low-delay media access control method in WBAN (wireless body area network) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive low-delay media access control method in a WBAN (wireless body area network), mainly solving the problem that a GTS (guaranteed time slot) slot can not realize self-adaptive distribution and has long time delay for ensuring time slot service when IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.15.4 is applied to the WBAN. The self-adaptive low-delay media access control method comprises the following realization steps: a coordinating point receives the GTS request of a common node in a competitive period, an inactive period is compressed to expand a non-competitive period, and the GTS time slot is dynamically distributed according to amount requested by GTS; the common node of the obtained GTS time slot finishes GTS service transmission with the coordinating point in the non-competitive period; the coordinating point broadcasts and sends a notification frame in a notification frame time slot after the non-competitive period to notify the common node to expand the time slot distribution of the non-competitive period; and the common node of the obtained GTS time slot finishes GTS service transmission with the coordinating point in the expanding non-competitive period. Compared with the IEEE 802.15.4, the self-adaptive low-delay media access control method can be used to realize the self-adaptive distribution of the GTS time slot, lower the delay of GTS service grouping, reduce the energy consumption of the coordinating point and is suitable for the WBAN.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, relate to media access control method, specifically a kind of media access control method that is used for wireless body area network, this method is under the prerequisite of access channel successfully that guarantees to divide into groups, reduce packet delay to greatest extent and reduce energy consumption.
Background technology
Wireless body area network (WBAN, Wireless Body Area Network) is with the equipment around the human body, as the transducer of carrying, wrist-watch, PDA and mobile phone etc. and inside of human body implantation equipment etc. are the cordless communication network of object.In the wireless near field communication field, though there is Wireless Personal Network WPAN technology, this notion of body area network is stipulated the transmission range of wireless near field communication shorter, will be apart from being limited to around the human body.Body area network The Application of Technology wide range, from the physiological signal collection, calculate mutual, education and amusement etc. to human body application potential is all arranged, particularly owing to WBAN is working around the human body or in body surface even the body, can seating surface to your medical treatment and health care service, thereby come remote monitoring patient vital signs to monitor patient body health status in real time such as being configured to people's body sensor networks, so this technology has great potential aspect medical applications, safer medical services can be provided, and reduce medical treatment cost.
Aspect International standardization, IEEE 802 standard committees are the International Standards Organization that are devoted to advance at wireless communication field international standard, and its IEEE 802.15 concentrates on the WPAN aspect.This working group has worked up a plurality of wireless standards, such as IEEE 802.15.1, be also referred to as Bluetooth, and IEEE 802.15.4, what define is low speed WPAN standard, be used for Zigbee equipment, IEEE 802.15.4a is to the replenishing of the physical layer of IEEE 802.15.4, use be ultra broadband UWB technology or the like.Standard in the formulation process is also arranged, such as the high speed WPAN standard IEEE 802.15.3c that uses millimeter-wave technology, be applicable to the IEEE 802.15.4c of China and the IEEE 802.15.4d of Japan, the IEEE802.15.4e that also has the medium access control (MAC, Medium Access Control) to IEEE 802.15.4 to improve.In order to coordinate strong desire and ICT (the Information Communication Technology) industrial quarters from medical treatment and health care group, IEEE 802.15 working groups have formally set up the 6th task groups TG6, are devoted to the standardization effort of WBAN.
From the angle of MAC agreement, Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 be for the application of the WBAN inefficiency that seems, and common wireless sensor network WSN also and be not suitable for that these are special emphatically towards the WBAN of biomedical applications aspect.World standard as low-power consumption low rate wireless near field communication, IEEE 802.15.4 is because agreement is simple and be widely used in the existing short range communication systems, and, can be used as a kind of alternative of wireless body area network realization technology quite near the designing requirement of WBAN to the MAC agreement.
IEEE 802.15.4 is used for the physical layer of a low-speed wireless territory net and the standard of media access control layer, this standard is divided into three category nodes with all wireless devices in the network from function, that is: network coordination point, focal point and ordinary node, wherein network coordination point is the main controlled node of whole network, and each IEEE 802.15.4 network can only have a network coordination point, the focal point usually by send beacon realize with node on every side synchronously, and function with the grouping of transmitting, ordinary node only has simple transmission-receiving function, the forwarding that can not divide into groups.Full-function device can serve as network coordination point, focal point or ordinary node, can only serve as ordinary node yet simplify function device.
This IEEE 802.15.4 standard is supported Star network and two kinds of basic network topology structures of peer-to-peer network, no matter adopts which class network topology structure, and network all can adopt the beacon enable mode or not have the beacon enable mode.If have the node that periodically sends beacon in the middle of the network, claim that then this network is the beacon enable network, otherwise be called no beacon enable network.No beacon enable network does not have periodically to send the node of beacon, but ordinary node still can send the beacon request order to its focal point, and this moment, the focal point sent beacon with the form of clean culture to this ordinary node.This standard has defined four kinds of mac frame structures altogether, i.e. beacon frame, Frame, MAC command frame and acknowledgement frame.Wherein, beacon frame can realize that the focal point describes synchronously and to superframe structure accordingly with internodal on every side, and ordinary node can be discerned each network by beacon frame simultaneously.In this standard, data have three kinds of different transmission modes, be ordinary node to the focal point, the focal point is to the business transmission between ordinary node and peer node, and according to different Business Processing modes, inter-node communication can be divided into three classes, i.e. transmission among directly transmission, indirect communication and the assurance time slot GTS.
In the beacon enable mode, the superframe structure that IEEE 802.15.4 adopts as shown in Figure 1.This superframe structure will be divided into the equally spaced cycle time, and this cycle is defined by the beacon frame that the focal point sends, and is made of active period Active and non-active period Inactive two parts usually.Node carries out the mutual of business at active period, then transfers low-power consumption mode at non-active period.Active period is divided into 16 isometric superframe time slots usually, and beacon must promptly the initial moment of 0 time slot sends at first time slot of superframe.The competition phase CAP of superframe is right after beacon frame, and can be extended to whole active period end.If ordinary node has the demand of pair real time business, can apply for the GTS time slot to the focal point, each GTS time slot can occupy several superframe time slots, a plurality of GTS time slots form non-competing phase CFP, the non-competing phase is right after the competition phase, and continue up to active period and finish, the focal point can be distributed 7 GTS time slots at most.Node adopts the machine-processed access channel of time slot CSMA/CA in the interim communication of competition, and interimly directly communicates non-competing.The length BI of superframe is by beacon progression BO decision, and active period length SD is determined by superframe progression SO.In CAP period, new node is wanted to add network and is realized by time slot CSMA/CA mechanism, and all business based on competition all can finish before CFP begins.Except transmission,, also adopt and guarantee that time slot satisfies the transmission of real time business in the beacon enable network based on time slot CSMA/CA mechanism.
In IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, the implementation procedure that GTS distributes as shown in Figure 2.When ordinary node has the demand of real time business, this node can send the GTS request to the focal point at the CAP of current superframe period, when receiving the GTS request command, the focal point is optionally replied and is confirmed ACK, check then whether distributable GTS time interval resource is arranged in current superframe, under the enough condition of resource, the beacon that next superframe is put into the GTS assignment information of this node in the focal point is broadcasted, to notify the ordinary node of whole transmission GTS requests.The ordinary node of request GTS time slot is in wait state after the GTS request sends successfully, up to receiving the beacon that contains himself GTS assignment information, begin to transmit data subsequently in the GTS time slot of ordinary node self is distributed in the success of this beacon place superframe.
When IEEE 802.15.4 is used for WBAN, because the introducing of CFP in the superframe structure, guaranteed the low delay character of real time business, and non-active period also helps reducing the energy consumption of node in the network, but still there is the deficiency of following two aspects in this standard:
(1) in IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, the GTS quantity allotted mostly is 7 most in the superframe, and active period and non-active period length all immobilize in current superframe, the design weak point is like this: if current superframe CAP does not have the GTS service request period, then the competition phase occupies whole active period, focal point dormancy has in time increased energy consumption; And when the CAP of superframe had a large amount of GTS service request period, CFP can not hold a large amount of GTS business period again simultaneously, can't realize flexible support to the GTS business by the GTS dynamic time gap allocation in the IEEE 802.15.4 agreement that is:.
(2) IEEE 802.15.4 agreement sends in the implementation procedure of data at the GTS time slot, although the GTS of node request may be competed success in the CAP of current superframe, but because the time slot allocation information of GTS need be broadcasted in the beacon of next superframe, so in the CFP period of current superframe, node can not in time transmit grouping, and the CFP that must wait until next superframe just can transmit period, has increased the time delay of GTS grouping so undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to avoid the deficiency of above-mentioned IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, the low time delay media access control method of self adaptation in a kind of wireless body area network is proposed, realization is to the self-adaptation flexible support of GTS business, reduce the energy consumption of GTS transmission packets time delay and network node, and improve the reliability of wireless body area network.
The technical thought that realizes the object of the invention is: fixation of C AP length in period in superframe structure of the present invention, and the length in CFP period and non-active period length are according to GTS traffic carrying capacity adaptive change in the current superframe, realization is carried out dynamic assignment according to the GTS service conditions to the GTS time slot, overcome that the GTS timeslot number mostly is 7 restriction most among the IEEE 802.15.4, thereby realize the self-adaptation flexible support of GTS business and reduce the energy consumption of network node.The present invention is by in superframe structure, increase a notification frame time slot, the node of realizing current superframe transmission GTS request just can obtain the GTS time slot allocation information in current superframe, and sends the GTS business period at the expansion CFP of current superframe, thereby reduces the time delay of GTS grouping.The specific implementation step comprises as follows:
(1) focal point broadcast transmission beacon frame when superframe begins comprising superframe length, competition phase length, these protocol parameters of notification frame time slot, after each ordinary node receives this beacon frame, is recorded in all protocol parameters in the local cache;
(2) if the guaranteed time slot demand of ordinary node, then pass through time slot carrier sense multiple access interference avoidance mechanism access channel in the competition phase, and to the request of focal point transmission assurance time slot, the focal point receives that this request back adds their confirmation to ordinary node answer acknowledgement frame, and according to the assurance time interval resource of energy usefulness in the current network this request distribution is guaranteed time slot;
(3) all nodes enter the non-competing phase after the end of competition phase, if the guaranteed time slot services of ordinary node needs to send, and before current superframe, successfully to guarantee time slot allocation, then guarantee that in corresponding time slot and the focal point of non-competing phase of current superframe time slot services is mutual, if the unsecured time slot services of ordinary node or to guarantee time slot allocation, then this ordinary node enters dormancy;
(4) after the non-competing phase end, the focal point comprises the focal point to guaranteeing the time slot allocation information of time slot request in notification frame time slot broadcast transmission notification frame in this notification frame, and all ordinary nodes receive this notification frame, and record assurance time slot allocation information separately;
(5) focal point sends after the notification frame, all ordinary nodes and focal point enter the non-competing phase of expansion, if ordinary node obtained to guarantee time slot allocation, then this ordinary node corresponding time slot finish and the focal point between the assurance time slot services mutual, otherwise this ordinary node enters resting state;
(6) after the non-competing phase end of expansion, all ordinary nodes and focal point enter non-active period, and enter the dormancy resting state in this period;
(7) after non-active period finished, all focal points and ordinary node entered next superframe, and change step (1) over to.
The present invention compares with IEEE 802.15.4 agreement and has the following advantages:
1) the present invention adopts the GTS dynamic time gap allocation, if the CAP of current superframe does not have the GTS request in period, then the CFP length of current superframe is zero, this moment, the active period length of superframe was shorter, its length is beacon frame and CAP length sum, and non-active period is longer, compares with IEEE 802.15.4 agreement like this and has saved energy consumption; And when the CAP of superframe has more GTS request period, the present invention can expand non-active period, compare IEEE 802.15.4, can distribute more GTS time slot, the non-competing phase will dynamically prolong until whole superframe and finish, the corresponding shortening of non-active period is until being zero, thereby breaking through among the IEEE 802.15.4 for the GTS timeslot number is 7 restriction, increase the tenability of wireless body area network to the GTS business, can satisfy the demand when having more GTS professional, realize self adaptation support the GTS business by the GTS dynamic time gap allocation.
2) the GTS time slot allocation information among the present invention is realized by the broadcast announcement frame by the focal point, respond fast in the focal point under the situation of GTS request, the length of the CFP of current superframe is determined by the quantity of GTS request in the current superframe fully, the node of request GTS success in the competition phase of current superframe, can transmit data period at the CFP of current superframe at once, thereby reduce the time delay of GTS grouping.
3) beacon frame among the present invention is not owing to comprise time slot allocation information, thereby it is shorter with respect to the beacon frame length that IEEE 802.15.4 is total, can improve the probability that beacon frame is successfully received under time varying channel, be particularly useful for the reliability that improves wireless body area network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the superframe structure schematic diagram among the IEEE 802.15.4;
Fig. 2 is the implementation procedure schematic diagram that GTS distributes among the IEEE 802.15.4;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the superframe structure schematic diagram that the present invention uses;
Fig. 5 is the beacon frame structure schematic diagram that the present invention uses;
Fig. 6 is the notification frame structural representation that the present invention uses;
Fig. 7 is the network topology structure schematic diagram in the emulation of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the present invention and IEEE 802.15.4 protocol emulation comparing result show schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Suppose that the network model that adopts is a Star Network, the data of all ordinary nodes all mail to the focal point that is positioned at network center; Network using beacon enable mode; The business of all ordinary nodes is all by guaranteeing slot transmission.Its concrete implementation step is described below with reference to Fig. 3:
Superframe structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 4, when superframe begins, focal point structure beacon frame, its frame structure as shown in Figure 5, this beacon frame is to improve on the basis of beacon frame structure in IEEE 802.15.4, promptly reject GTSSpecification, GTS Direction, GTS List parameter, this frame structure comprises superframe length, competition phase length, notification frame time slot protocol parameter in the Beacon of beacon frame Payload; Afterwards, the focal point sends this beacon frame with broadcast mode, after ordinary node receives beacon frame, reads wherein superframe length, competition phase length, these protocol parameters of notification frame time slot, and is recorded in the local cache.Because do not comprise the time slot allocation information of GTS in the beacon frame of the present invention, compare with the beacon frame structure among the IEEE 802.15.4, shorten the length of beacon frame, improved the probability that beacon frame is successfully received under time varying channel, thereby improved the reliability of wireless body area network.
The focal point sends after the beacon frame, and all focal points and ordinary node enter CAP period shown in Figure 4, and this period, each node was all by time slot CSMA/CA mechanism access channel and transmit data.
Do not receive professional if ordinary node had not both sent business yet, then this ordinary node enters resting state, if the transmission data service of ordinary node is by guaranteeing slot transmission, then ordinary node is competed access channel in this period by time slot CSMA/CA, and to focal point transmission GTS request, the GTS number of timeslots that has comprised the application of ordinary node desire in this request, focal point successfully receive GTS request back and add their confirmation to sending node answer ACK.After receiving the GTS request, the focal point is according to the GTS timeslot number of ordinary node desire application, and distributable GTS number of time slot in the comprehensive current superframe, and current GTS request is distributed the GTS time slot.In GTS time slot allocation of the present invention, a vector V is preserved in the focal point in this locality, in order to the GTS time slot that has distributed in the record superframe, when receiving the GTS request command, time slot is finished from first time slot to the superframe of non-competing phase in the focal point, travel through each superframe time slot, until finding certain time slot length of an interval degree to equal the GTS number of ordinary node application, and each time slot in this time slot interval is not in vector V, then this ordinary node is distributed in this time slot interval, if do not find the time slot interval of satisfying above-mentioned condition, then will not distribute the GTS time slot to this GTS request.
In superframe design of the present invention, superframe length and competition phase length are protocol parameter, in a superframe, fix, and notify whole ordinary nodes by broadcast beacon frame by the focal point, this means that the line of demarcation of competition phase and non-competing phase immobilizes in each superframe, again because superframe length is fixed in a network operation process, so the length sum of non-competing phase and non-active period immobilizes.For competing the node that sends success and apply for the GTS time slot by the GTS request in the current superframe, ordinary node GTS time slot allocation result is informed by the broadcast announcement frame in the focal point, and, this means the line of demarcation dynamic change between active period and the non-active period because of the dynamic adjustment of non-competing phase length by compressing non-active period to expand the length of non-competing phase.Above-mentioned design has realized when the CAP of superframe does not have the GTS request period, active period length minimum, and minimum value is the summation of beacon frame and CAP length, thereby helps to reduce the energy consumption of focal point; And when the CAP of superframe has intensive GTS service request period, but active period length dynamic expansion, maximum is whole superframe length, breaks through that the GTS time slot mostly is 7 restriction most among the IEEE 802.15.4, thereby holds more GTS business.
After the competition phase finishes, all focal points and ordinary node enter the non-competing phase, all ordinary nodes start timer according to the GTS time slot that has distributed and carry out timing, so that wake and open transmitting antenna or reception antenna up at corresponding GTS time slot, finish and the focal point between the transmission of GTS business, if ordinary node does not send the professional and reception GTS business of GTS, perhaps ordinary node has the GTS business but does not obtain corresponding GTS time slot allocation, and then this ordinary node enters resting state.
After the non-competing phase finishes, all focal points and ordinary node enter the notification frame time slot, time slot allocation result in this time slot focal point broadcast transmission notification frame notice non-competing phase of expansion, the frame format of notification frame as shown in Figure 6, the frame format of this notification frame only contains the assignment information of guaranteed time slot in the media access control layer load, be GTS Specification, GTS Direction, GTS List, all ordinary nodes receive this notification frame, if the address of ordinary node appears in the notification frame address list, then the GTS of this ordinary node record distribution begins time slot and time slot length.
The notification frame time slot is positioned at after all existing GTS time slot among the present invention, it is first superframe time slot afterwards of non-competing phase, the focal point is after sending notification frame, calculate the notification frame time slot of next superframe according to the current GTS time slot that has distributed, and this parameter put into the beacon frame of next superframe, be notified to all ordinary nodes by the broadcast transmission beacon frame.
In reality, differing for GTS request response packet speed speed in the focal point, specifically depends on the hardware designs and the realization of focal point.Under quick response condition, the focal point can be in the notification frame time slot responses GTS of current superframe request for allocation, if but the focal point is limited in one's ability, can not be in time in the notification frame time slot responses GTS request for allocation of current superframe and notify node GTS allocation result, then be similar to IEEE 802.15.4, the focal point will specifically then be depended on the actual response time of focal point at which superframe in the broadcasting of the notification frame time slot in next superframe or follow-up superframe GTS allocation result.
After the notification frame time slot finishes, all focal points and ordinary node enter the non-competing phase of expansion, obtained the GTS time slot allocation as if ordinary node in this period, then start timer, and when being timed to corresponding time slot, open transmitting antenna or reception antenna, finish and the focal point between the transmission of GTS business, professional or do not obtain the GTS time slot allocation if ordinary node does not have GTS, then this ordinary node enters resting state.
Effect of the present invention can illustrate by following emulation:
1. simulated environment
Emulation is based on platform MIRAI-SF, and this platform is developed by NICT (National Institute of Information and Communications Technology).The network model that adopts in the emulation as shown in Figure 7, be stelliform connection topology configuration, a focal point is arranged in the network, a plurality of ordinary nodes, the ordinary node transmission rate is the GTS data service of 5kbps, this business duration is 3s, the GTS block length is 38bytes, and simulation time is 30s, and the number of ordinary node is increased to 10 from 1 in the emulation, other network parameters that adopt in the emulation are as shown in table 1, and the energy consumption model that is adopted in the emulation is as shown in table 2.
Table 1 simulation parameter table
Table 2 energy model parameter list
| Operating state | Power |
| Send | 36.5mW |
| Receive | 41.4mW |
| Non-activation (dormancy) | 42μW |
2. emulation content
Time delay, focal point energy consumption, ordinary node energy consumption, these performance index of network throughput to the GTS grouping are carried out emulation, its result as shown in Figure 8, wherein Fig. 8 (a) is a GTS traffic packets average delay intention, Fig. 8 (b) is a focal point energy consumption schematic diagram, Fig. 8 (c) is an ordinary node energy consumption schematic diagram, and Fig. 8 (d) is the network throughput schematic diagram.
3. analysis of simulation result
As can be seen, the time delay of GTS grouping is shorter among the present invention from Fig. 8 (a), and to be that the GTS request among the present invention is the fastest can meet with a response in current superframe and distribute time slot reason, thereby make grouping to transmit in current superframe, and then reduce time delay.And another result is that coordinator node is when distributing the GTS time slot among this Fig. 8 (a), because the time delay that the response time difference causes also has difference, from Fig. 8 (a) as can be seen, the time delay of GTS grouping is shorter when focal point response GTS request time is 100ms, reason is that the GTS request of ordinary node can obtain handling at this superframe, and the focal point is the broadcast allocation result in notification frame, so the traffic packets of ordinary node can the corresponding time slot after notification frame obtain transmission; And when the response time was 1000ms, time slot allocation result must broadcast in the notification frame of next superframe, thereby the packet delay when finally causing the response time to be 1000ms is longer.Simultaneously as can be seen, packet delay in the IEEE 802.15.4 agreement sharply increases after the node number increases to 7, reason is to distribute 7 GTS time slots in the IEEE802.15.4 agreement at most, after CFP service node number is greater than this value, the GTS request of subsequent node is rejected, thereby cause the traffic packets of these subsequent node to be buffered, in superframe, have time slot to distribute.And made full use of non-active period among the present invention, and can distribute 26 GTS time slots at most, therefore in whole simulation process, do not exist the GTS of node to ask to be rejected and the long phenomenon of traffic packets cache-time takes place, thereby the time delay that obtains than method among the IEEE 802.15.4 is littler.
From Fig. 8 (b) as can be seen, to compare the energy consumption of focal point in the IEEE 802.15.4 agreement lower for the energy consumption of focal point among the present invention, main cause is that the CAP that adopts among the present invention fixedly takies is 6 time slots, and the CAP length in the IEEE802.15.4 agreement is unfixing, CAP length is the shortest when the CFP business takies 7 time slots at most, be 9 time slots, and the time span maximum of CAP can be nearly 16 time slots when no CFP is professional, because the focal point keeps the activation can't dormancy in the superframe active period, thereby finally causes the focal point energy consumption of IEEE 802.15.4 agreement higher.
From Fig. 8 (c) as can be seen, to compare difference little for the energy consumption of ordinary node and the common energy consumption of IEEE 802.15.4 agreement among the present invention, this is because all ordinary nodes all are to activate having under the service conditions, and all the other the time dormancy in superframe, this has verified that also the method among the present invention is not to obtain the packet delay performance to improve with the increasing to cost of node energy consumption.
As can be seen, along with the increase of interstitial content, the GTS traffic packets in the network increases thereupon from Fig. 8 (d), thereby throughput also increases thereupon, and in IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, reach at 7 o'clock at the ordinary node number, and the GTS timeslot number of distribution reaches capacity, thus throughput no longer increases.Among the present invention, when the response time of focal point is 100ms, it is higher that its throughput is compared IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, because the GTS of ordinary node request in time obtains handling, and in current superframe, can transport service divide into groups, and in IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, this GTS request must wait until that but next superframe just can transmit, so the present invention is higher than the throughput of IEEE 802.15.4 agreement; And when the response time of focal point is 1000ms, the throughput of throughput of the present invention and IEEE 802.15.4 agreement is close, this is because when the response time is 1000ms, the GTS request of ordinary node obtains handling at next superframe, and ordinary node could transport service divide into groups in next superframe, thereby throughput is close with the IEEE802.15.4 agreement, but because can expanding the non-competing phase, the present invention continues to carry out the professional transmission of CFP, after the node number reaches 7 so throughput continues to increase.
To sum up, the present invention compares with IEEE 802.15.4 agreement, performance is better aspect the time delay of GTS grouping, focal point energy consumption, ordinary node energy consumption, these indexs of network throughput, be that the present invention has overcome the deficiency that IEEE 802.15.4GTS packet delay is long, the focal point energy consumption is higher and network throughput is lower, thereby be applicable to wireless body area network more.
The term explanation
The WBAN wireless body area network
PDA people's palmtop PC
The WPAN Wireless Personal Network
IEEE IEEE-USA
The Bluetooth bluetooth
The purple honeybee of Zigbee
The UWB ultra broadband
The access control of MAC medium
The ICT ICT (information and communication technology)
The WSN wireless sensor network
GTS guarantees time slot
The Active active period
The non-active period of Inactive
CAP competes the phase
The non-competing phase of CFP
CSMA/CA carrier sense multiple access interference is avoided
The BI beacon interval
BO beacon progression
SD active period length
SO superframe progression
The ACK acknowledgement frame
The Beacon beacon frame
The load of Beacon Payload beacon frame
GTS Specification guarantees the time slot description
GTS Direction guarantees the time slot direction
GTS List guarantees the time slot tabulation.
Claims (5)
1. the low time delay media access control method of self adaptation in the wireless body area network comprises the steps:
(1) focal point broadcast transmission beacon frame when superframe begins comprising superframe length, competition phase length, these protocol parameters of notification frame time slot, after each ordinary node receives this beacon frame, is recorded in all protocol parameters in the local cache;
(2) if the guaranteed time slot demand of ordinary node, then pass through time slot carrier sense multiple access interference avoidance mechanism access channel in the competition phase, and to the request of focal point transmission assurance time slot, the focal point receives that this request back adds their confirmation to ordinary node answer acknowledgement frame, and according to assurance time interval resource available in the current network this request is distributed the assurance time slot;
(3) all node nodes enter the non-competing phase after the end of competition phase, if the guaranteed time slot services of ordinary node needs to send, and before current superframe, successfully to guarantee time slot allocation, then guarantee that in corresponding time slot and the focal point of non-competing phase of current superframe time slot services is mutual, if the unsecured time slot services of ordinary node or to guarantee time slot allocation, then this ordinary node enters dormancy;
(4) after the non-competing phase end, the focal point comprises the focal point to guaranteeing the time slot allocation information of time slot request in notification frame time slot broadcast transmission notification frame in this notification frame, and all ordinary nodes receive this notification frame, and record assurance time slot allocation information separately;
(5) focal point sends after the notification frame, all ordinary nodes and focal point enter the non-competing phase of expansion, if ordinary node obtained to guarantee time slot allocation, then this ordinary node corresponding time slot finish and the focal point between the assurance time slot services mutual, otherwise this ordinary node enters resting state;
(6) after the non-competing phase end of expansion, all ordinary nodes and focal point enter non-active period, and enter the dormancy resting state in this period;
(7) after non-active period finished, all focal points and ordinary node entered next superframe, and change step (1) over to.
2. wireless body area network media access control method according to claim 1, the described beacon frame of step (1) wherein, be to improve on the basis of beacon frame structure in IEEE 802.15.4, promptly reject GTSSpecification, GTS Direction, GTS List parameter, and in beacon frame, add the notification frame minislot parameter.
3. wireless body area network media access control method according to claim 1, wherein the described focal point of step (2) is distributed the assurance time slot according to assurance time interval resource available in the current network to this request, be to guarantee timeslot number according to the application of ordinary node desire by the focal point, finish time slot from first time slot to the superframe of non-competing phase, travel through each superframe time slot, until finding distributable time slot interval; Can be interval if do not find for distributing, then refusal distributes for this ordinary node and guarantees time slot.
4. wireless body area network media access control method according to claim 1, the described notification frame time slot of step (4) wherein, it is a superframe time slot, this time slot is positioned at first superframe time slot after the non-competing phase, the notification frame time slot position in the next superframe is calculated in the focal point after sending notification frame, and in the beacon frame of next superframe, add the notification frame minislot parameter, be notified to all ordinary nodes by broadcast beacon frame.
5. wireless body area network media access control method according to claim 1, the described notification frame of step (4) wherein, be to add in notification frame by the focal point to guarantee time slot allocation information, and time slot allocation information is notified to all ordinary nodes by the broadcast transmission notification frame, the assignment information that in the media access control layer load of this notification frame, only contains guaranteed time slot, i.e. GTS Specification, GTS Direction, GTS List.
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