CN102025025B - Small-sized wideband high-isolation four-unit MIMO antenna array - Google Patents

Small-sized wideband high-isolation four-unit MIMO antenna array Download PDF

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CN102025025B
CN102025025B CN 201010526665 CN201010526665A CN102025025B CN 102025025 B CN102025025 B CN 102025025B CN 201010526665 CN201010526665 CN 201010526665 CN 201010526665 A CN201010526665 A CN 201010526665A CN 102025025 B CN102025025 B CN 102025025B
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antenna element
antenna
radiating element
lap
isolation
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CN102025025A (en
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褚庆昕
李健凤
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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Abstract

The invention provides a small-sized wideband high-isolation four-unit multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna array, which greatly improves the impedance matching under the condition of extremely small influence on isolation between antenna units by using a double-band structure and an impedance matching structure, so the MIMO antenna unit remains the original wide impedance bandwidth to the greatest extent, good impedance bandwidth can be obtained by properly adjusting the double-band structure and the impedance matching structure, and the isolation is slightly influenced. Because the impedance matching structure and the double-band structure bring extra capacitance for the antenna unit which is substantially inductive, the influence of cross coupling on return loss is effectively reduced (counteracted). In other words, the design can independently adjust the impedance bandwidth. Therefore, the antenna unit can achieve excellent impedance bandwidth under the condition of small size, so the antenna unit becomes the best choice of an MIMO antenna array element.

Description

Four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technology, be specifically related to four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation.
Background technology
The subject matter that present radio communication faces is the message transmission rate that how to provide higher.Traditional wireless communication system is the communication system that adopts a transmitting antenna and a reception antenna, i.e. the single output of so-called single input (SISIO) antenna system.The SISO antenna system has the neck bottle that can not break through in the communication---Shannon capacity limit in channel capacity, no matter adopt which kind of modulation technique, coding strategy or additive method, always wireless channel has been done the physical restriction of a reality to wireless communication engineering.Under the condition that does not increase spectral bandwidth and transmitting power, use the multi-antenna diversity technology, can improve the transmitting/receiving signal signal to noise ratio, increase the capacity of system.In recent years, mainly by polynary transmitting antenna array, the unit receives single antenna (MISO antenna system) and realizes diversity gain.Because the confined space of mobile terminal device, the application of SIMO (the many outputs of single input) antenna system causes the processing of portable terminal complicated, so its feasibility is low.But no matter be SISIO or SIMO system, when the antenna number reached some, the improvement of channel capacity was very little.And MIMO (multiple-input and multiple-output) system is only the real wireless communication system that can realize increasing substantially by diversity gain channel capacity, and its channel capacity increases along with the increase of number of antennas.Mimo system refers to adopt simultaneously at Transmitting and Receiving End the system of many antennas, and channel capacity and system antenna number are linearly proportional, increases the number of antenna, and channel capacity is greatly improved.The MIMO technology has been regarded as the important component part of the 4th third-generation mobile communication technology and the strong interest on the boundary that is subject to communicating by letter.
The MIMO Antenna Design is one of main three large key technologies of the MIMO communication technology.For the base station, because free space is large, the application of multi-antenna technology is accomplished easily.But for handheld device, a plurality of antennas are integrated in the little space, can cause very large mutual coupling, the diversity performance of antenna just descends thereupon, can't reach the trend of the linear ratio increment of number of antennas of channel capacity and MIMO antenna system.The coupling that how to reduce between antenna element is the difficult point of MIMO Antenna Design, and the main method that reduces at present to be coupled has: adopt the EBG floor panel structure, embed finedraw on the floor, add reflector element, perhaps increase floor branch.Number of antennas integrated in limited space is more, and obtain wide impedance bandwidth will be more difficult.Existing MIMO Antenna Design mainly all is to adopt one of above four kinds of methods to reduce mutual coupling, but the antenna element number is generally two, and the bandwidth of most of design is all narrow.
The four unit MIMO Antenna Designs of having reported that quantity is few, their bandwidth is less, and isolation is lower, and size is also larger, can't satisfy the requirement of small-size multifunction handheld device.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as traditional floor four unit MIMO antenna array structures, although the impedance bandwidth of individual antenna unit ( antenna element 15a, 15b, 15c and 15d) is very wide, after they are integrated into the MIMO antenna array of many antenna elements, be subject to the impact of the mutual mutual coupling of each antenna element, the impedance bandwidth variation of antenna element.Be illustrated in figure 2 as the Electromagnetic Simulation curve of above-mentioned MIMO antenna array structure frequency response.
So, in the existing MIMO antenna array design, because how main consideration reduces the mutual coupling problem between antenna element, do not consider how to increase or keep the original impedance bandwidth problem of bay, more do not consider the independent controlled problem of performance, this is not just so that MIMO antenna array technology obtains the raising of internal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome weak point of the prior art, four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation are provided, the present invention is by adopting biobelt line structure (18) and impedance matching structure (21), so that the non-constant width of the impedance bandwidth of antenna element, so antenna element can in undersized situation, obtain good impedance bandwidth.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation, comprise medium substrate (11), and the antenna element of MIMO antenna (15a), antenna element (15b), antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d); Antenna element (15a), antenna element (15b), antenna element (15c) are identical with antenna element (15d) structure, be positioned at antenna element (15a), (15b), (15c) and (15d) under the floor is not set; Antenna element (15a) and antenna element (15b) are placed on medium substrate (11) one ends oppositely, abreast; Antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d) are placed on the other end of medium substrate (11) oppositely, abreast; Antenna element (15a) forms antiparallel structure with antenna element (15c); Antenna element (15b) forms antiparallel structure with antenna element (15d); Described medium substrate (11) comprises the medium substrate back side (12) and medium substrate positive (13), and floor (14) are printed on the medium substrate back side (12);
Described antenna element (15a), antenna element (15b), antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d) are respectively arranged with the radiating element (16a) that is printed on medium substrate front (13), radiating element (16b), radiating element (16c) and radiating element (16d), and be respectively arranged with the radiating element (17a) that is printed on the medium substrate back side (12), radiating element (17b), radiating element (17c) and radiating element (17d), radiating element (16a) has lap (18a) with radiating element (17a) near floor end, radiating element (16b) has lap (18b) with radiating element (17b) near floor end, radiating element (16c) has lap (18c) with radiating element (17c) near floor end, radiating element (16d) has lap (18d) with radiating element (17d) near floor end, lap (18a) and folded part (18b), lap (18c) and lap (18d) are called the biobelt line structure; This MIMO antenna array is characterised in that: respectively near lap (18a) and folded part (18b), lap (18c) and lap (18d), correspondence arranges impedance matching structure (21a), impedance matching structure (21b), impedance matching structure (21c) and impedance matching structure (21d) with floor (14).
Preferably, it is 1-100 that described medium substrate (11) adopts relative dielectric constant, the medium substrate of thickness 0.2-5mm.
Concrete, described impedance matching structure (21a), impedance matching structure (21b), impedance matching structure (21c) and impedance matching structure (21d) are and will deduct near the rectangle floor area of biobelt line structure (18a) with biobelt line structure (18b), biobelt line structure (18c) and biobelt line structure (18d).
Compare with existing four unit MIMO antenna arrays, the present invention is by adopting above-mentioned biobelt line structure and impedance matching structure, in on the very little situation of the impact of the isolation between each antenna element, improve significantly impedance matching, so that the MIMO antenna element farthest keeps original wide impedance bandwidth, suitably adjust biobelt line structure and impedance matching structure, just can obtain good impedance bandwidth, and the impact that isolation is subject to is very little.This is because impedance matching structure is given and to be in the nature inductive antenna element and to have brought extra electric capacity, the impact of mutual coupling on return loss that effectively reduced (counteracting).In other words, namely the design can adjust impedance bandwidth independently.So antenna element can obtain good impedance bandwidth in undersized situation, so that this kind antenna element becomes the optimal selection of MIMO bay.
As preferred technical scheme, described radiating element (16a), radiating element (16b), radiating element (16c) and radiating element (16d) directly carry out feed by microstrip line (120a), microstrip line (120b), microstrip line (120c) and microstrip line (120d) by feed port (19a), feed port (19b), feed port (19c) and feed port (19d) respectively; Described radiating element (17a), radiating element (17b), radiating element (17c) and radiating element (17d) are connected with microstrip line (120a), microstrip line (120b), microstrip line (120c) and microstrip line (120d) via via hole (121a), via hole (121b), via hole (121c) and via hole (121d) respectively; Wherein, floor (14) region division between antenna element (15a) and antenna element (15b) has isolation structure (31a), floor (14) region division between antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d) has isolation structure (31b), isolation structure (31a) is by finedraw (33a), finedraw (33b), and be positioned at finedraw (33a), metal tape (32a) between the finedraw (33b) forms, and isolation structure (31b) is by finedraw (33c), finedraw (33d), and be positioned at finedraw (33c), metal tape (32b) between the finedraw (33d) forms, and described metal tape (32a) and metal tape (32b) all extend floor (14) end face certain-length.
The effect of finedraw (33a), finedraw (33b) is to hinder floor (14) surface current to form mutually stream between feed port (19a), feed port (19b) in the isolation structure (31a), thereby reduces because the mutual coupling that the floor surface ripple causes.The innovative point of isolation structure (31a) is that the length of metal tape (32a) is greater than the length of finedraw (33a), finedraw (33b).It carries out the space isolation to the antenna element (15a) that is placed on its both sides and antenna element (15b), be conducive to reduce because the mutual coupling that space wave causes, thereby be conducive to reduce or avoid antenna element (15a) and antenna element (15b) coupling influence each other, also namely reduce | S 12| and | S 21|, wherein | S 12| expression antenna element (15b) is to the coupling influence of antenna element (15a), wherein | S 21| expression antenna element (15a) is to the coupling influence of antenna element (15b).And the principle of isolation structure (31b) and effect and isolation structure (31a) are similar, can reduce simultaneously or avoid antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d) each other because the mutual coupling that floor surface ripple and space wave cause also namely reduces | S 34| and | S 43|, wherein | S 34| expression antenna element (15d) is to the coupling influence of antenna element (15c), wherein | S 43| expression antenna element (15c) is to the coupling influence of antenna element (15d).The application is defined as follows: | Snn| represents the mould of the return loss of antenna element n, | Smn| represents that antenna element n is to the mould of the coupling of antenna element m, wherein, m, n all get 1~4,1~4 successively representative antennas unit (15a), (15b), (15c) and (15d).
Because antenna element (15a) with (15d), and antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15b) are relatively far apart, the mutual coupling between them is less, so need not in the present invention to consider influencing each other between them.In order to reduce or to avoid antenna element (15a) and antenna element (15c), and the mutual coupling between antenna element (15b) and the antenna element (15b), among the present invention, the middle section of described floor (14) is provided with isolation structure (41).The present invention can improve the isolation between certain two given antenna unit by above-mentioned 3 isolation structures are set, and can adjust independently the size of corresponding isolation structure.That is to say that isolation of the present invention is independent controlled.
Preferred technical scheme, described isolation structure (41) specifically on the floor middle section of (14) be arranged to cruciformity, this cruciformity be the vacancy mouth up and down.
The present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effect compared to existing technology:
1, compare with existing four unit MIMO antenna arrays, and the present invention introduces biobelt line structure and impedance matching structure, effectively improves impedance bandwidth.Suitably adjust biobelt line structure and impedance matching structure, just can obtain good impedance bandwidth, and the impact that isolation is subject to is very little.In other words, namely the design can adjust impedance bandwidth independently.
2, compare with existing four unit MIMO antenna arrays, the present invention has introduced two kinds of structures that improve isolations, and influencing each other between these two kinds of structures is little, and they are also very little on the impact of return loss.Improve the isolation between certain two given antenna unit, can adjust independently the size of corresponding isolation structure.That is to say that isolation of the present invention is independent controlled.
3, compare with existing four unit MIMO antenna arrays, the present invention has wider impedance bandwidth, better isolation, and less size, simpler structure, thus can reduce production costs, be applicable in the various multifunctional small-size handhold device systems.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is traditional floor four unit MIMO antenna array structural representations;
Fig. 2 is the Electromagnetic Simulation curve of four unit MIMO antenna array frequency responses shown in Figure 1, and among the figure: represents | S 11| curve, 000 expressions | S 21| curve, △ △ △ represent | S 31| curve, * * * represent | S 41| curve;
Fig. 3 is four unit MIMO antenna array structural representations of embodiment 1 described adding impedance matching structure;
Fig. 4 is the Electromagnetic Simulation curve of four unit MIMO antenna array frequency responses shown in Figure 3, and among the figure: represents | S 11| curve, 000 expressions | S 21| curve, △ △ △ represent | S 31| curve, * * * represent | S 41| curve;
Fig. 5 is the four unit MIMO antenna array structural representations that add isolation structure (31a), (31b) among the embodiment 2 on Fig. 3 basis;
Fig. 6 is the Electromagnetic Simulation curve of four unit MIMO antenna array frequency responses shown in Fig. 5, and represents | S 11| curve, 000 expressions | S 21| curve, △ △ △ represent | S 31| curve, * * * represent | S 41| curve;
Fig. 7 is embodiment 3 adds isolation structure (41) on Fig. 5 basis four unit MIMO antenna array structural representations;
Fig. 8 is the Electromagnetic Simulation curve of four unit MIMO antenna array frequency responses shown in Figure 7, and represents | S 11| curve, 000 expressions | S 21| curve, △ △ △ represent | S 31| curve, * * * represent | 5 41| curve.
Wherein: (11) are 1-100 for relative dielectric constant, the medium substrate of thickness 0.2-5mm, (12) be the medium substrate back side, (13) be that medium substrate is positive, (14) for being printed on the floor of the medium substrate back side (12), (15a), (15b), (15c) with the antenna element that (15d) is respectively the MIMO antenna array, (16a), (16b), (16c) He (16d) be respectively the radiating element that is printed on medium substrate front (13), (17a), (17b), (17c) and (17d) be respectively the radiating element that is printed on the medium substrate back side (12); (18a), (18b), (18c) and (18d) be respectively radiating element (16a), (16b), (16c) and (16d), with radiating element (17a), (17b), (17c) and (17d) overlapping part, i.e. biobelt line structure; (19a), (19b), (19c), (19d) are respectively the feed port of four antenna elements, (120a), (120b), (120c), (120d) be respectively 50 ohm microstrip, (121a), (121b), (121c), (121d) be respectively radiating element (17a), (17b), (17c) and feed via hole (17d); (21a), (21b), (21c) and (21d) be respectively respective antenna unit (15a), (15b), (15c) and impedance matching structure (15d); (31a), (31b) be the first isolation structure, (32a) is the metal tape of isolation structure (31a), (32b) is the metal tape of isolation structure (31b); (33a), (33b) is two slots of isolation structure (31a); (33c), (33d) is two slots of isolation structure (31b); (41) be the second isolation structure, (42) are first resonance point, and (43) are second resonance point, and (44) are the 3rd resonance point, and (45) are the 4th resonance point, and (46) are the 5th resonance point.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
The structure of four unit MIMO antenna arrays as shown in Figure 3, it has comprised and has comprised that relative dielectric constant is 1-100, the antenna element (15a) of the medium substrate of thickness 0.2-5mm (11) and MIMO antenna, antenna element (15b), antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d), wherein, the back side of described medium substrate (11) is that (12) and front are (13), and floor (14) are printed on the medium substrate back side (12); Antenna element (15a), antenna element (15b), antenna element (15c) and antenna element (15d) are respectively arranged with the radiating element (16a) that is printed on medium substrate front (13), radiating element (16b), radiating element (16c) and radiating element (16d), and be respectively arranged with the radiating element (17a) that is printed on the medium substrate back side (12), radiating element (17b), radiating element (17c) and radiating element (17d), radiating element (16a) has lap (18a) with radiating element (17a) near floor end, radiating element (16b) has lap (18b) with radiating element (17b) near floor end, radiating element (16c) has lap (18c) with radiating element (17c) near floor end, radiating element (16d) has lap (18d) with radiating element (17d) near floor end, lap (18a) and folded part (18b), lap (18c) and lap (18d) namely are described biobelt line structures.This four unit MIMO antenna array is characterised in that: respectively near lap (18a) and folded part (18b), lap (18c) and lap (18d), correspondence is provided with impedance matching structure (21a), impedance matching structure (21b), impedance matching structure (21c) and impedance matching structure (21d) with floor (14).
Described impedance matching structure (21a), impedance matching structure (21b), impedance matching structure (21c) and impedance matching structure (21d) are the rectangle vacancy part of close lap (18a) with the zone, floor (14) of folded part (18b), lap (18c) and lap (18d).
Described radiating element (16a), radiating element (16b), radiating element (16c) and radiating element (16d) respectively by microstrip line (120a), microstrip line (120b), microstrip line (120c) and microstrip line (120d) with directly carry out feed by feed port (19a), feed port (19b), feed port (19c) and feed port (19d); Described radiating element (17a), radiating element (17b), radiating element (17c) and radiating element (17d) are connected with microstrip line (120a), microstrip line (120b), microstrip line (120c) and microstrip line (120d) by via hole (121a), via hole (121b), via hole (121c) and via hole (121d) respectively;
Can observe from Fig. 4, the return loss of above-mentioned MIMO antenna array has obtained greatly improving, but the isolation between each antenna element compare with four unit MIMO antenna arrays shown in Figure 1, change not quite.Suitably adjust the size of impedance matching structure (21), the MIMO antenna array just can obtain good impedance bandwidth.
Embodiment 2
In order to reduce S21 (S12, S43, S34), the present invention has adopted isolation structure (31a) and (31b), as shown in Figure 5.Isolation structure (31a) is comprised of a strip metal band (32a) and two finedraws (33a), (33b).The effect of finedraw (33a), (33b) is to hinder floor (14) surface current to flow to another feed port from a feed port, thereby reduces because the mutual coupling that the floor surface ripple causes.The innovative point of isolation structure (31a) is that the length of metal tape (32a) is greater than the length of finedraw (33a), (33b).It carries out the space isolation to the antenna element (15a), (15b) that are placed on its both sides, and the principle of isolation structure (31b) and effect and isolation structure (31a) are similar, can reduce simultaneously the mutual coupling that floor surface ripple and space wave cause.Electromagnetic Simulation curve chart 4 and Fig. 6 of comparison frequency response, can clearly see isolation structure (31a) and (31b) can effectively reduce | S 21| (| S 21|, | S 43|, | S 34|), yet the impact that return loss is subject to is very little.Suitably adjust isolation structure (31a) and size (31b), can obtain desirable | S 21| (| S 21|, | S 43|, | S 34|) value.
Embodiment 3
In order to reduce | S 31| (| S 13|, | S 42|, | S 24|), isolation structure as shown in Figure 7 (41) is employed.At this moment, four unit MIMO antenna arrays of the small-sized wideband high-isolation with controllability design that the present invention relates to is complete.Because antenna element (15a) with (15d) relatively far apart, the mutual coupling between them is less, so need not in the present invention to consider influencing each other between them.The Electromagnetic Simulation curve chart 6 and 8 of comparison frequency response, see that obviously the effect of isolation structure (41) is: reduce significantly | S 31| (| S 13|, | S 42|, | S 24|), yet its introducing to return loss and | S 21| (| S 21|, | S 43|, | S 34|) impact can ignore.
So four unit MIMO antenna arrays of the middle-size and small-size broadband of present embodiment high-isolation comprise Dual-band type mechanism, impedance matching structure, two isolation structures.By adjusting the size of impedance matching structure, realize wide impedance bandwidth; Isolation structure (31) and isolation structure (41) reduce respectively independently | S 21| (| S 21|, | S 43|, | S 34|) and | S 31| (| S 13|, | S 42|, | S 24|).The emulation of present embodiment and actual measurement response curve are as shown in Figure 8.
Above-described embodiment is the better execution mode of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under Spirit Essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation, it is characterized in that: antenna element 15a, the antenna element 15b, antenna element 15c and the antenna element 15d that comprise medium substrate (11) and MIMO antenna, wherein, described medium substrate (11) comprises the medium substrate back side (12) and medium substrate positive (13), and floor (14) are printed on the medium substrate back side (12);
Described antenna element 15a, antenna element 15b, antenna element 15c are identical with antenna element 15d structure, be positioned at antenna element 15a, antenna element 15b, antenna element 15c and antenna element 15d under the floor is not set; Antenna element 15a and antenna element 15b are placed on medium substrate (11) one ends oppositely, abreast; Antenna element 15c and antenna element 15d are placed on the other end of medium substrate (11) oppositely, abreast; Antenna element 15a and antenna element 15c form antiparallel structure; Antenna element 15b and antenna element 15d form antiparallel structure; Antenna element 15a, antenna element 15b, antenna element 15c and antenna element 15d are respectively arranged with the radiating element 16a that is printed on medium substrate front (13), radiating element 16b, radiating element 16c and radiating element 16d, and be respectively arranged with the radiating element 17a that is printed on the medium substrate back side (12), radiating element 17b, radiating element 17c and radiating element 17d, radiating element 16a and radiating element 17a have lap 18a near floor end, radiating element 16b and radiating element 17b have lap 18b near floor end, radiating element 16c and radiating element 17c have lap 18c near floor end, radiating element 16d and radiating element 17d have lap 18d, lap 18a and lap 18b near floor end, lap 18c and lap 18d consist of the biobelt line structure; This MIMO antenna array is characterised in that: respectively near lap 18a and lap 18b, lap 18c and lap 18d, correspondence is provided with impedance matching structure 21a, impedance matching structure 21b, impedance matching structure 21c and impedance matching structure 21d with floor (14); Described radiating element 16a, radiating element 16b, radiating element 16c and radiating element 16d directly carry out feed by microstrip line 120a, microstrip line 120b, microstrip line 120c and microstrip line 120d by feed port 19a, feed port 19b, feed port 19c and feed port 19d respectively; Described radiating element 17a, radiating element 17b, radiating element 17c and radiating element 17d are connected with microstrip line 120a, microstrip line 120b, microstrip line 120c and microstrip line 120d by via hole 121a, via hole 121b, via hole 121c and via hole 121d respectively; Wherein, floor (14) region division between antenna element 15a and antenna element 15b has isolation structure 31a, floor (14) region division between antenna element 15c and antenna element 15d has isolation structure 31b, isolation structure 31a is by finedraw 33a, finedraw 33b, and the metal tape 32a between finedraw 33a, finedraw 33b forms, and isolation structure 31b is by finedraw 33c, finedraw 33d, and the composition of the metal tape 32b between finedraw 33c, finedraw 33d, described metal tape 32a and metal tape 32b all extend floor (14) end face certain-length.
2. four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is 1-100 that described medium substrate (11) adopts relative dielectric constant, the medium substrate of thickness 0.2-5mm.
3. four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: it is opening shape that described impedance matching structure 21a, impedance matching structure 21b, impedance matching structure 21c and impedance matching structure 21d are floor (14) region division near lap 18a and lap 18b, lap 18c and lap 18d.
4. according to claim 1 or four unit MIMO antenna arrays of 3 described small-sized wideband high-isolations, it is characterized in that: the middle section of described floor (14) is provided with isolation structure (41).
5. four unit MIMO antenna arrays of small-sized wideband high-isolation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described isolation structure (41) specifically on the floor middle section of (14) be arranged to cruciformity, this cruciformity be the vacancy mouth up and down.
CN 201010526665 2010-10-29 2010-10-29 Small-sized wideband high-isolation four-unit MIMO antenna array Expired - Fee Related CN102025025B (en)

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