A kind of negative-pressure type groove end surface mechanical sealing structure
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mechanical end face seal technical field, particularly be applicable to the shaft end seal device of rotating machinery rotating shafts such as various compressors, pump and still, relate in particular to a kind of negative-pressure type groove end surface mechanical sealing structure.
Background technique
Dry gas seals is a kind of non-contacting mechanical seal, because its excellent properties at aspects such as energy-saving and environmental protection, high reliability, and the first-selected sealing means when becoming the direction of Development of Mechanical Seal and main equipment design gradually.Along with the fast development of industries such as petrochemical industry, require mechanical seal to develop to high parameter, have higher stability and reliability and longer working life.
Since the nineties in 20th century, it with Crane John Inc. the released one after another sealing of end patterns such as one-way spiral groove, unidirectional herringbone spiral chute, unidirectional Y shape spiral chute, unidirectional L shaped spiral chute, unidirectional arc groove, two-way T-slot, two-way U-groove bevel, two-way tree-like groove of the domestic and international sealing company of representative, realized the non-contacting mechanical seal form, be widely used on the shaft end seal device of centrifugal compressor and the rotating shaft of pump class.In above-mentioned grooved, best with spiral fluted dynamic pressure performance, promptly along with the increase of rotating speed, unseal power and fluid film rigidity increase sharply, seal face is easily opened and is formed non-contact stable operation, makes it be most widely used in present dry gas seals engineering design.
But, for common sealing grooved, owing to the increase of sealing gas film stiffness along with rotating speed increases sharply, belong to the positive pressure type trench structure, the disturbance of sealing air film easily takes place, poor anti jamming capability under high-speed working condition, cause the accelerated wear test of seal face, reduction of service life.In addition, when being applied to equipment such as steam turbine when dry gas seals, generally need warming-up process, promptly under low speed, move certain hour, and then transfer normal high speed operation to.This not only requires the stability of dry gas seals end face under having at a high speed, and seal face can be opened smoothly when requiring low speed, to satisfy the startup running requirements of equipment.
Summary of the invention
The disturbance of sealing air film, poor anti jamming capability, easy to wear, shortcoming that working life is short easily take place under high-speed working condition in order to overcome existing malleation type groove structure, the invention provides a kind of high-speed working condition that is applied to, strengthen seal clearance stability, low speed is opened the negative-pressure type groove end surface mechanical sealing structure that performance is good, reduce end face contact wear, reliability height, long service life.
Technological scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of negative-pressure type groove end surface mechanical sealing structure, the rotating ring that comprises mechanical seal, stationary ring, one side of the end face of described rotating ring and stationary ring is that the high pressure side is the upstream, the opposite side of the end face of described rotating ring and stationary ring is that low voltage side is the downstream, it is characterized in that: have the negative pressure grooved group that is symmetrically distributed according to rotating center at least one end face of described rotating ring or stationary ring, the upstream of described negative pressure grooved group is provided with the micropore endless belt, described negative pressure grooved group is made up of spiral deformation inclination angle micropore dynamic pressure groove and decompressing groove spaced apart, described decompressing groove is near dynamic pressure groove end, and the downstream of described negative pressure grooved group is provided with the ring packing dam of smooth flat.
Further, the dynamic pressure micropore that described dynamic pressure groove is arranged by a plurality of spirality is formed, described dynamic pressure micropore comprises major axis and minor axis, described major axis has certain angle of inclination with end face radius by this dynamic pressure micropore center, and described dynamic pressure micropore angle of inclination diminishes to the downstream gradually along upstream, micropore district.
Further, described micropore endless belt radially is provided with a plurality of micropores.
Further, described micropore endless belt micropore hole depth scope is 10~50 μ m, and described dynamic pressure micropore ratio of long axis to short axis scope is 1 ~ 10, and the groove depth scope is 2~10 μ m, and described decompressing groove groove depth scope is 2~50 μ m.
Further, the radial width scope on described ring packing dam is 0.1~10 mm.
The micropore shape of micropore endless belt of the present invention can be regular shapes such as circle, ellipse, rectangular, triangle; The micropore shape of dynamic pressure groove can be regular figures such as ellipse, rectangular, trigonometric form, but tangible directivity must be arranged; Decompressing groove be shaped as regular figures such as circle, rectangular, rhombus, arc quadrilateral.
Working principle of the present invention:
The pressure flow that the upstream high pressure produces at first enters the micropore endless belt, and micropore can receive the particle that contains in the gas, can significantly reduce entering of hard particles and cause end-face friction to damage to seal clearance.The dynamic pressure groove that is made of change inclination micropore group can produce micropore dynamic pressure and two kinds of dynamic pressure opening forces of macroscopical spiral chute dynamic pressure.Because the good dynamic pressure performance of spiral slot, when air-flow after entering the dynamic pressure groove under the tangential rotating speed cutting effect, gas will flow along the Hand of spiral of dynamic pressure groove and compression, the dynamic pressure groove also can form tangible dynamic pressure opening force under low speed.When fluid after continuing to enter the decompressing groove of dynamic pressure groove end under the shear action because fluid displacement increases suddenly, pressure sharply reduces, and forms underbalance effect.Because there are a determining deviation in decompressing groove and dynamic pressure groove, decompressing groove is less to dynamic pressure groove pressure influence under low speed.Under high-speed working condition, the high pressure that dynamic pressure groove dynamic pressure effect forms the tangentially extension of direction that distributes is subjected to the decompressing groove restriction and can not continues to increase, even negative growth appears, the dynamic pressure opening force that the dynamic pressure groove forms when promptly reaching certain speed can obviously not increase even reduce again.On the other hand, make the radial fluid resistance reduce to cause sealing the upstream high pressure after micropore in the dynamic pressure groove tilts under the speed shear action and move and form the dynamic pressure opening force to low voltage side, its power is decided by pore size and angle of inclination.During low speed in the dynamic pressure groove dynamic pressure opening force of micropore not obvious, the dynamic pressure opening force that forms based on dynamic pressure groove macroscopic view spiral distribution characteristics.When reaching certain speed, the dynamic pressure effect of micropore will become obvious in the dynamic pressure groove.The micropore of dynamic pressure groove adopts and becomes the inclination angle design, and dynamic pressure front of the slot micropore inclination angle is bigger, along with dynamic pressure groove Hand of spiral micropore inclination angle reduces gradually, and the terminal micropore of dynamic pressure groove inclination angle minimum.The micropore dynamic pressure effect of dynamic pressure front of the slot is strong, and be not subjected to the influence of underbalance effect away from decompressing groove, the dynamic pressure opening force that produces can constantly increase with the increase of speed, there is not a dynamic pressure effect and the terminal micropore of dynamic pressure groove inclination angle is little, and the dynamic pressure opening force of differing tilt angles micropore keeps dynamic pressure to open the stable of performance with the difference of gaining in strength of speed when helping velocity variations.Therefore, spiral deformation inclination angle micropore dynamic pressure groove and decompressing groove acting in conjunction can so that seal face at a high speed and all have good dynamic pressure unlatching performance under the low speed, and the sealing gas film stiffness of may command under at a high speed.
The micropore endless belt and the dynamic pressure groove of sealing structure are made of micropore, because the seal clearance size mutation effect of the bigger formation of hole depth and aperture of micropore makes the gas that flows to micropore produce eddy current, the resistance to motion and the energy loss of gas have been increased, thereby enlarge markedly the damping of seal face air film, reduce the sealing vibration, strengthen the disturbance rejection ability of seal face, obviously improved the seal clearance dynamic stability.
During seal operation, the dynamic pressure groove provides micropore dynamic pressure and two kinds of dynamic pressure opening forces of macroscopical spiral distribution dynamic pressure, decompressing groove can balance or the dynamic pressure opening force when reducing macroscopical spiral and being distributed in high speed, thereby can realize that high speed and low speed lower seal end face all have tangible dynamic pressure opening force, and can suppress the too fast increase of gas film stiffness down at a high speed.The microcellular structure of end face can enlarge markedly the air film damping, reduces the sealing vibration and prevent the abrasion of particles ability.Under high-speed condition, effectively improve the antijamming capability of sealing air film, guarantee the stability and the servo-actuated of seal face, reduce the contact wear between end face, realize the stability and the high reliability of speed end face seal.
Beneficial effect of the present invention mainly shows: the dynamic pressure groove and the decompressing groove Combination Design of uniqueness on l, the seal face, strengthened the antijamming capability that is sealed in when running up, and improve the dynamic pressure of high speed seal face under the low speed operating mode and opened ability; 2, anti-dry seal is disturbed the enhancing of ability, has further realized the non-contact stability under the high-speed working condition of seal face, has reduced the end face contact wear, has prolonged working life; 3, the end face microcellular structure has strengthened the anti-abrasion of particles ability of seal face under at a high speed, has improved the reliability of sealing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an end-face structure schematic representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of A part among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1-3, a kind of negative-pressure type groove end surface mechanical sealing structure, the rotating ring 5 that comprises mechanical seal, stationary ring 6, one side of the end face of described rotating ring 5 and stationary ring 6 is that the high pressure side is the upstream, the opposite side of the end face of described rotating ring 5 and stationary ring 6 is that low voltage side is the downstream, have the negative pressure grooved group that is symmetrically distributed according to rotating center on described rotating ring 5 end faces, the upstream of described negative pressure grooved group is provided with micropore endless belt 1, described negative pressure grooved group is made up of spiral deformation inclination angle micropore dynamic pressure groove 2 and decompressing groove 3 spaced apart, described decompressing groove 3 is near dynamic pressure groove 2 ends, and the downstream of described negative pressure grooved group is provided with the ring packing dam 4 of smooth flat.
The dynamic pressure micropore 21 that described dynamic pressure groove 2 is arranged by a plurality of spirality is formed, described dynamic pressure micropore 21 comprises major axis and minor axis, described major axis has certain angle of inclination with end face radius by this dynamic pressure micropore center, and described dynamic pressure micropore 21 angles of inclination diminish to the downstream gradually along upstream, micropore district.
Described micropore endless belt 1 radially is provided with a plurality of micropores.
Described micropore endless belt 1 micropore hole depth scope is 10~50 μ m, and described dynamic pressure micropore ratio of long axis to short axis scope is 1 ~ 10, and the groove depth scope is 2~10 μ m, and described decompressing groove 3 groove depth scopes are 2~50 μ m.
The radial width scope on described ring packing dam 4 is 0.1~10 mm.
Micropore 1 shape of micropore endless belt of the present invention can be regular shapes such as circle, ellipse, rectangular, triangle; The micropore shape of dynamic pressure groove 2 can be regular figures such as ellipse, rectangular, trigonometric form, but tangible directivity must be arranged; Decompressing groove 3 be shaped as regular figures such as circle, rectangular, rhombus, arc quadrilateral.
Working principle of the present invention:
The pressure flow that the upstream high pressure produces at first enters micropore endless belt 1, and micropore can receive the particle that contains in the gas, can significantly reduce entering of hard particles and cause end-face friction to damage to seal clearance.The dynamic pressure groove 2 that is made of change inclination micropore group can produce micropore dynamic pressure and two kinds of dynamic pressure opening forces of macroscopical spiral chute dynamic pressure.Because the good dynamic pressure performance of spiral slot, when air-flow after entering dynamic pressure groove 2 under the tangential rotating speed cutting effect, gas will flow along the Hand of spiral of dynamic pressure groove 2 and compression, dynamic pressure groove 2 also can form tangible dynamic pressure opening force under low speed.After fluid was continuing under the shear action to enter the decompressing groove 3 of dynamic pressure groove end, because fluid displacement increases suddenly, pressure sharply reduced, and formed underbalance effect.Because there is a determining deviation in decompressing groove 3 with dynamic pressure groove 2,3 pairs of dynamic pressure groove 2 pressure influences of decompressing groove are less under low speed.Under high-speed working condition, the high pressure that dynamic pressure groove 2 dynamic pressure effects form the tangentially extension of direction that distributes is subjected to decompressing groove 3 restrictions and can not continues to increase, even negative growth appears, the dynamic pressure opening force that dynamic pressure groove 2 forms when promptly reaching certain speed can obviously not increase even reduce again.On the other hand, make the radial fluid resistance reduce to cause sealing the upstream high pressure after micropore in the dynamic pressure groove 2 tilts under the speed shear action and move and form the dynamic pressure opening force to low voltage side, its power is decided by pore size and angle of inclination.During low speed in the dynamic pressure groove dynamic pressure opening force of micropore not obvious, the dynamic pressure opening force that forms based on the macroscopical spiral distribution characteristics of dynamic pressure groove 2.When reaching certain speed, the dynamic pressure effect of micropore will become obvious in the dynamic pressure groove.The micropore of dynamic pressure groove 2 adopts and becomes the inclination angle design, and dynamic pressure groove 2 front end dynamic pressure micropores 21 inclination angles are bigger, along with dynamic pressure groove 2 Hand of spiral micropore inclination angles reduce gradually, and dynamic pressure groove 2 terminal dynamic pressure micropore 22 inclination angle minimums.Dynamic pressure groove 2 front end dynamic pressure micropores 21 dynamic pressure effects are strong, and be not subjected to the influence of underbalance effect away from decompressing groove, the dynamic pressure opening force that produces can constantly increase with the increase of speed, there is not a dynamic pressure effect and dynamic pressure groove 2 terminal dynamic pressure micropores 22 inclination angles are little, and the dynamic pressure opening force of differing tilt angles micropore keeps dynamic pressure to open the stable of performance with the difference of gaining in strength of speed when helping velocity variations.Therefore, spiral deformation inclination angle micropore dynamic pressure groove 2 and decompressing groove 3 actings in conjunction can so that seal face at a high speed and all have good dynamic pressure unlatching performance under the low speed, and the sealing gas film stiffness of may command under at a high speed.
The micropore endless belt 1 of sealing structure and dynamic pressure groove 2 are made of micropore, because the seal clearance size mutation effect of the bigger formation of hole depth and aperture of micropore makes the gas that flows to micropore produce eddy current, the resistance to motion and the energy loss of gas have been increased, thereby enlarge markedly the damping of seal face air film, reduce the sealing vibration, strengthen the disturbance rejection ability of seal face, obviously improved the seal clearance dynamic stability.
The sealing structure can be controlled sealing rigidity and increase damping, improve the sealing dynamic characteristic, make the antijamming capability or the performance stable and under high-speed condition of sealing be better than the general fluid hydrodynamic mechanical seal, and can satisfy low voltage starting and run up the requirement of dynamic pressure opening force, and have the anti-particle ability of good micropore, the sealability of sealing and reliability are improved.
The described content of this specification embodiment only is enumerating the way of realization of inventive concept; protection scope of the present invention should not be regarded as only limiting to the concrete form that embodiment states, protection scope of the present invention also reach in those skilled in the art conceive according to the present invention the equivalent technologies means that can expect.