CN102021050A - E4 ethanol and diesel mixed fuel - Google Patents
E4 ethanol and diesel mixed fuel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an E4 ethanol and diesel mixed fuel made by mixing the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4 parts of absolute ethyl ethanol and 98 parts of diesel. The diesel is one of or a mixture of several of finished product diesel, straight run diesel and secondary processing diesel. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the mixed fuel has low requirement for base diesel quality, and is basically suitable for all diesels; the mixed fuel basically produces no influence on the power performance of an engine, which is better than the base diesel; the evaporation property of the mixed fuel is reduced, and transport and use safety are improved; and the mixed solubility and the water solubility of the diesel and the ethanol are improved and optimized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to liquid carbon-containing fuel, specifically, is a kind of ethanol-diesel mixed fuel.
Background technology
The domestic research paper that occurred about ethanol diesel fuel since 2002, its work mainly concentrates on the emission performance of ethanol diesel fuel solubility promoter and ethanol diesel fuel.Abroad to the research of ethanol diesel fuel early, Brazil was in beginning ProAlcoo project in 1975, and the U.S. is that the work of alcohol fuel is also being carried out in Canada and Europe in beginning alcohol fuel in 1978 work then.The alcohol fuel of Brazil mainly comes from sugarcane, and its product comprises aqueous ethanol and dehydrated alcohol, and the alcohol fuel of the U.S. mainly comes from corn and a spot of wheat, barley, and Canadian alcohol fuel mainly comes from corn and a spot of wheat.For the application of alcohol fuel, except that Brazil uses aqueous ethanol directly uses as automobile fuel on a large scale, general purposes be the component that alcohol fuel acted as a fuel (comprising gasoline and diesel oil) or oxygenated additive and and blending of fuel use.The basic physical properties of dehydrated alcohol sees Table 1.
The basic physical properties of table 1 dehydrated alcohol
| Fusing point | Boiling point | Relative density | Saturation vapour pressure | The combustion heat | Flash-point | The compression ignite temperature | Limits of explosion (V/V) | Solvability |
| -114.1℃ | 78.3℃ | 0.79 | 5.33 kPa /19℃ | 1365.5 kJ/mol | 12℃ | 363℃ | 3.3％～19.0％ | Miscible with water, can be miscible in most organic solvents such as ether, chloroform, glycerine |
From alcoholic acid physical properties and existing working foundation as can be seen: along with the raising of ethanol addition diesel oil, the reduction of the density of ethanol diesel fuel, each recovered temperature reduction, viscosity degradation, calorific value descend, cetane value descends, flash-point reduces, resistance to abrasion reduces.Therefore, desire to make ethanol diesel fuel to enter large-scale use, must solve three problems: cetane value descends, flash-point reduces, the resistance to abrasion problem.In addition, because ethanol is different with the intermiscibility of diesel oil, need the problem that is separated under stability problem, the especially low temperature of research ethanol diesel fuel; Usually the pure swelling property that adds affiliation increase Corrosion of Metallic Materials and elastomeric material, existing trolley part material select its corrodibility in the presence of diesel oil of main consideration for use, therefore, need research ethanol to add the back to corrosion of metal with to the swelling property of rubber.
But ethanol-diesel mixed fuel is compared with basic diesel oil, contains oxygen in the alcoholic acid molecule.The existence of oxygen, can cause following two kinds of diametrically opposite influences to the work of engine: on the one hand, the existence of oxygen can cause combustibleconstituents (C, the H) content in the ethanol diesel fuel of identical weight to reduce, and the moment of torsion of engine and power descend, specific fuel consumption increases thereby make; On the other hand, the existence of oxygen can cause in the engine burning of fuel more abundant, thereby improves the burning of engine, makes that engine torque and power increase, specific fuel consumption reduces.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to find out alcoholic acid optimal volume percentage concentration in the ethanol-diesel mixed fuel, and under this optimized percentage concentration, the specific fuel consumption and the base oil of ethanol diesel fuel are suitable.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel, and the mixed raw material that comprises following volume parts gets:
4 parts of ethanol
96 parts of diesel oil
0.1 ~ 0.3 part of ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Above-mentioned ethanol is dehydrated alcohol or industrial spirit, and above-mentioned diesel oil is one or more the mixture in finished diesel fuel, straight-run diesel oil, the secondary processing diesel oil.
The present invention is by a large amount of experimental studies, found out alcoholic acid optimal volume percentage concentration in the ethanol-diesel mixed fuel, under this optimized percentage, the specific fuel consumption and the base oil of ethanol diesel fuel are suitable, to improve the engine power performance of ethanol-diesel mixed fuel.Add 0.1 ~ 0.3 part of ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether as water-resisting agent.
Its effect:
If basic components is an industrial spirit, as the solvent of necessity;
If basic components is a dehydrated alcohol, then as necessary appearance aqua (can allow suitable suction during storage)
In order to reduce the vapo(u)rability of propellant combination, also add volume parts in the E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be 0.8～1.2 part butanols or octanol; The KCl that also adds 0.8～1.2kg in the described 100mlE4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel.
In order to improve diesel oil and alcoholic acid compatibility, also add volume parts in the E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be the solubility promoter that the primary isoamyl alcohol of 1～1.2 part propyl carbinol and 0.3～0.4 part is formed.
In order to improve the molten water-based of propellant combination, also add volume parts in the E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be 4～6 parts propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, isooctyl alcohol or primary isoamyl alcohol.
It below is the various performance parameters test of ethanol diesel fuel
The mixed performance test of 1 ethanol diesel fuel
1.1 test raw material
Dehydrated alcohol: commercially available, analytical pure.
Normal two diesel oil: take from 5,000,000 tons of atmospheric and vacuum distillation two devices of Lanzhou Oil Refinery.
Normal three diesel oil: take from 5,000,000 tons of atmospheric and vacuum distillation three devices of Lanzhou Oil Refinery.
Cracked fuel oil: take from 1,400,000 tons of catalytic cracking unit of Lanzhou Oil Refinery.
Hydrogenated diesel oil: take from 1,200,000 tons of hydro-refining units of Lanzhou Oil Refinery.
0# commercial Dissel oil: commercially available.
1.2 different basic diesel oil are to the maximum meltage of alcoholic acid
At room temperature, in the basic diesel oil of difference, dropwise add dehydrated alcohol, vibration, till system was opaque, the different basic diesel oil that records saw Table 8.2 to the maximum meltage of dehydrated alcohol.
The different basic diesel oil of table 1 are to the maximum meltage (volumn concentration) of dehydrated alcohol
| Basis diesel oil | Normal two diesel oil | Normal three diesel oil | Hydrogenated diesel oil | Cracked fuel oil | The 0# commercial Dissel oil |
| The maximum amount of dissolving each other | 7.75% | 3.85% | 6% | 100% | 100％ |
Annotate: the amount of dissolving each other 100% this basis diesel oil of expression can dissolve each other with arbitrary proportion with dehydrated alcohol.
As can be seen from Table 1: different base oils are different to the maximum meltage of alcoholic acid, from very little (3.85%) to dissolving each other fully.
1.3 the mutual solubility of ethanol-diesel oil system
With different diesel oil is base oil, according to 2%, 4% volumn concentration, mixes with dehydrated alcohol, and observes its mutual solubility respectively, and the result is as shown in table 2.
The mutual solubility of different basic diesel oil of table 2 and dehydrated alcohol
| E2 | E4 | |
| Normal two | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| Normal three | Transparent not stratified | Layering |
| Catalytic cracking | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| Hydrofining | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| The 0# commercial Dissel oil | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
Annotate: Ex represents that the volumn concentration of dehydrated alcohol is that x(is together following).
From table 1 and table 2 as can be seen: under the maximum meltage of alcoholic acid, different basic diesel oil and dehydrated alcohol all can be realized dissolving each other under each ratio.
1.4 the permanent stability of different ethanol diesel fuels
Table 1 ethanol diesel fuel was at room temperature left standstill 2 months, observe its stable case.The equal sealing and standing of all ethanol diesel fuels is to get rid of the influence of moisture.The results are shown in Table 3.
The permanent stability of the different base oil ethanol diesel fuels of table 3
| E2 | E4 | |
| Normal two diesel oil | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| Normal three diesel oil | Transparent not stratified | Layering |
| Cracked fuel oil | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
| The 0# commercial Dissel oil | Transparent not stratified | Transparent not stratified |
As can be seen from Table 3: under the maximum meltage of dehydrated alcohol, each ratio alcohol mixture of different basic diesel oil is leaving standstill under the condition for a long time, all can realize dissolving each other.
1.5 moisture is to the influence of ethanol-diesel oil system mutual solubility
Get the different ratios ethanol diesel fuel that 20ml prepares, dropwise splash into moisture, vibration, till system was opaque, the maximum moisture capacity result of the ethanol diesel fuel that records was as shown in table 4.
The maximum moisture capacity of the different ethanol diesel fuels of table 4 (dripping)
| E2 | E4 | |
| Normal two | 8 | 8 |
| Normal three diesel oil | 1 | － |
| Cracked fuel oil | 1 | 1 |
| Hydrogenated | 2 | 2 |
| The 0# commercial Dissel oil | 1 | 1 |
Annotate: after leaving standstill 2 months, different base oil different ratios ethanol diesel fuels are all kept original state.
By table 4 result as can be known:
(1) moisture can obviously influence the stability of ethanol diesel fuel;
(2) maximum moisture capacity of ethanol diesel fuel is relevant with base oil, in this experiment, holding the best base oil of water-based is normal two diesel oil, conversion maximum moisture capacity (by 23 calculating of every ml water) can reach 1.7%, the maximum moisture capacity of hydrogenated diesel oil is less than 0.4%, and the maximum moisture capacity of normal three diesel oil, cracked fuel oil and 0# commercial Dissel oil is less than 0.2%;
(3) under this experiment condition, the maximum moisture capacity of ethanol diesel fuel and ethanol content are irrelevant;
(4) moisture does not influence the permanent stability of ethanol diesel fuel.
1.6 solubility promoter is to the influence of ethanol diesel fuel mutual solubility
Single agent or mixture with higher alcohols are solubility promoter, investigate the influence of solubility promoter to ethanol-diesel oil and water-ethanol-diesel oil system respectively.
(1) co-solvent is to the influence of ethanol-diesel oil system
By table 1 data as can be known: the molten amount of maximum ethanol of normal two diesel oil, normal three diesel oil and hydrogenated diesel oil is less than normal.This paper improves ethanol, diesel oil mutual solubility by the method for adding higher alcohols.
Test is found: under adding with single agent state, propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, isooctyl alcohol, primary isoamyl alcohol all can significantly improve the intermiscibility of ethanol and normal two diesel oil, normal three diesel oil and hydrogenated diesel oil.But the addition of solubility promoter is all bigger, could obviously increase the molten amount of ethanol more than 5%.
If the composite use of various alcohols, then, for normal two diesel oil, the prescription solubilization-aid effect of 1.12% propyl carbinol+0.37% primary isoamyl alcohol is (it is not stratified that ethanol diesel fuel is dissolved each other fully, and the long term seal shelf stability is good) better.In addition, various compounded formulas are undesirable to the solubilization-aid effect of normal three diesel oil and hydrogenated diesel oil.
(2) pure ethers solubility promoter holds the influence of water-based to ethanol diesel fuel
With industrial spirit (water content 5%v) is the basic components of ethanol diesel fuel, and ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether are solubility promoter, and the solubility promoter minimum amount that investigation can make the ethanol diesel fuel system dissolve each other fully the results are shown in Table 5.
Solubility promoter consumption when table 5 industrial spirit is basic components
| Ethanol content (%v/v) | Ethylene glycol ethyl ether consumption (dripping) | Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether consumption (dripping) | Phenomenon |
| 2 | 8 | 7 | As clear as crystal not stratified |
| 4 | 15 | 15 | As clear as crystal not stratified |
By this section experimental data as can be known:
Though the better performances of dissolving each other of ethanol and diesel oil, and certain appearance water-based is arranged.But higher alcohols solubility promoter (using or composite use with single agent no matter be) is to the raising effect of the hydrotropy performance of ethanol diesel fuel and capacity water performance and bad.For reaching comparatively ideal solubilization-aid effect and Rong Shui effect, the consumption of solubility promoter is very big usually, can cause cost to increase substantially when reality is used.
The national standard that does not now also have vehicle ethanol diesel oil, therefore, we can't judge that the moisture content of the vehicle ethanol diesel oil that may use in the future has much.But, consider that the external environment (water-absorbent) that vehicle-use alcohol gasoline and vehicle ethanol diesel oil face is more or less the same in storing and using, then with reference to the associated viscera of GB 18351-2004 " vehicle-use alcohol gasoline ", the water content that allows in the alcohol fuel should be less than 0.20%(m/m).
From the influence of water to vehicle ethanol diesel oil, ethanol intensive water-absorbent reaches co-solvent concerning the action effect of ethanol diesel fuel mutual solubility and stability: owing to will inevitably absorb water from environment (space of oil tank, pipeline etc.) on every side with vehicle ethanol diesel oil.According to the result of study of this paper,, can influence the mutual solubility and the stability of vehicle ethanol diesel oil in case vehicle ethanol diesel oil absorbs water; And the method for the interpolation co-solvent by routine solves the problem of mutual solubility and stability decreases, will cause cost to increase substantially, thereby, the large-scale application of restriction vehicle ethanol diesel oil.
At this time, ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether are because its outstanding appearance water-based can be used as the water-resisting agent use.The effect of water-resisting agent has two:
When (1) using, prevent the layering situation that causes owing to suction;
(2) can directly use industrial spirit to form, thereby reduce the production cost of ethanol diesel fuel significantly as the basis of ethanol diesel fuel.
The evaporation test of 2 ethanol diesel fuels
2.1 boiling range
Having measured respectively with 0# diesel oil according to GB/T6536-97 is that the ethanol diesel fuel of base oil preparation is a boiling range under the 97.8kPa at barometric point, the results are shown in Figure 1:
Can obviously find out by Fig. 1: after having added ethanol, compare ethanol diesel fuel with 0# basis diesel oil
(1) initial boiling point obviously is reduced near the alcoholic acid boiling point (78.3 ℃);
(2) recovered temperature before the volume 20% obviously reduces;
(3) the reduction amplitude of recovered temperature is relevant with the alcoholic acid addition after the volume 30%, and the ethanol addition is many more, and recovered temperature descends many more.
According to last diagram data, ethanol mainly can influence the initial boiling point and 10% recovered temperature of ethanol diesel fuel.In the follow-up test, only measuring with diesel product in the middle of each is the initial boiling point and 10% recovered temperature of the ethanol diesel fuel of base oil preparation, the results are shown in Table 6, table 7.
The initial boiling point of the different basic diesel alcohol diesel oil of table 6 (℃)
| E0 | E2 | E4 | |
| Normal two diesel oil | 171 | 75 | 74 |
| Normal three diesel oil | 190 | 76 | 74 |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | 182 | 74 | 75 |
| Cracked fuel oil | 164 | 77 | 74 |
10% recovered temperature of the different basic diesel alcohol diesel oil of table 7 (℃)
| E0 | E2 | E4 | |
| Normal two diesel oil | 226 | 214 | 182 |
| Normal three | 234 | 221 | 190 |
| | 230 | 217 | 187 |
| Cracked fuel oil | 214 | 200 | 175 |
By table 6～table 7 as can be known: after having added ethanol, ethanol diesel fuel
(1) initial boiling point reduces.May be that the initial boiling point of ethanol diesel fuel can be lower than the boiling point of dehydrated alcohol owing to generated azeotrope.
(2) 10% recovered temperatures descend, and along with the increase of ethanol addition, 10% recovered temperature decline degree of ethanol diesel fuel increases.
It should be noted that: when addition was 10%, 10% recovered temperature of ethanol diesel fuel illustrated that ethanol distills separately early than diesel oil in the distillatory process near the alcoholic acid boiling point.In use, this specific character of ethanol diesel fuel may influence the works better of engine.Reason is:
In the startup and warm of engine, because engine temperature is low, have only those light components just might under lower temperature, vaporize, and and air formation inflammable mixture.And a kind of 10% recovered temperature of oil product is what a index of reflection oil product light component content, and generally, 10% recovered temperature is low more, and engine starting and preheating are easy more during then actual the use.But for ethanol diesel fuel,, then, contain a large amount of ethanol in the light component that may cause vaporizing under the low temperature because ethanol can be evaporated separately early than diesel oil.Again because the compression ignite performance of ethanol own is worse than diesel oil, may occur starting during the result causes using difficulty and warm up time adverse consequences such as lengthening.
2.2 reid method saturation vapour pressure
Having measured with 0# diesel oil according to GB/T8017-87 is the reid method saturation vapour pressure of the ethanol diesel fuel of base oil, and test-results is seen Fig. 2.
As seen from Figure 2:
(1) mixed ethanol after, the reid method saturation vapour pressure of ethanol diesel fuel increases;
(2) to appear at the ethanol addition content be moment of 8% to the flex point of reid method saturation vapour pressure growth curve: at addition content is 10% o'clock, and the reid method saturation vapour pressure of ethanol diesel fuel increases to be accelerated.
The reid method saturation vapour pressure mainly reflects in the oil product volatility of light component, in diesel oil, added lower boiling ethanol after, the saturation vapour pressure of ethanol diesel fuel raises rapidly.It should be noted that the result of study according to ethanol petrol, when the alcoholic acid addition was 10%, the saturation vapour pressure of ethanol petrol can rise about 5kPa
［ 81 ］According to the reid method saturation vapour pressure result of this experiment, ethanol to the influence of the vapo(u)rability of diesel oil with to the influence of gasoline vapo(u)rability by comparison, consequently similar.
By the boiling range of ethanol diesel fuel and saturation vapour pressure result as can be known: after having added ethanol, the ethanol diesel fuel easily evaporation that becomes.From the angle of using, the disadvantageous effect that the vapo(u)rability of fuel is good excessively mainly contains three aspects: the ignition hazard that causes vapour lock, increase fuel in the time of the vaporization losses during increase stores, driving.From the angle of diesel oil because the vapo(u)rability of diesel oil itself is worse than gasoline far away, and ethanol to diesel oil saturation vapour pressure and boiling range influence absolute value and little, therefore, add ethanol after, can ignore the influence of the diesel oil vaporization losses and the vapour lock of driving a vehicle.Then, alcoholic acid adds, and mainly can influence diesel-fuel ignition danger.
2.3 the evaporation improving agent is to the influence of ethanol diesel fuel saturation vapour pressure
Investigated the reid method saturation vapour pressure of ethanol diesel fuel behind the evaporation improving agent of two types of addings.The results are shown in Table 8.Wherein, improving agent A compares with B, and its molecular weight is lower.
Reid method saturation vapour pressure/the kPa of ethanol diesel fuel behind the table 8 interpolation evaporation improving agent
| 0# diesel oil | E2 | E4 | |
| Do not add agent | 6.865 | 7.845 | 8.336 |
| Ethanol diesel fuel+solubility promoter A | － | 6.865 | 7.356 |
| Ethanol diesel fuel+solubility promoter B | － | 7.356 | 7.845 |
As shown in Table 8: the evaporation improving agent can reduce the saturation vapour pressure of ethanol diesel fuel; For low ratio ethanol diesel fuel (E2), add the level that saturated vapo(u)r that the evaporation improving agent can reduce ethanol diesel fuel is depressed into 0# diesel oil; The effect of two kinds of evaporation improving agents compares, and the effect of lower molecular weight improving agent is better than the high molecular improving agent.
The evaporation improving agent is the organic compound of macromolecule, low volatility, join in the ethanol diesel fuel after, form the higher azeotrope of boiling point with ethanol, thereby reduce the alcoholic acid volatility, reach the purpose of the saturation vapour pressure that reduces ethanol diesel fuel.The volatility quality of evaporation improving agent and the size of molecular weight, can influence its result of use: molecular weight is too small, and then volatility is big, might generate more lower boiling azeotrope, thereby causes the vapo(u)rability of mixed system further to become big; And molecular weight is when excessive, and the degree of stability of azeotrope reduces, thereby makes deleterious.So according to this result of experiment, the molecular weight of evaporation improving agent should be suitable.
The cold performance test of 3 ethanol diesel fuels
3.1 condensation point
Measure the condensation point of different basic diesel oil and ethanol diesel fuel thereof by GB/T510-91, the results are shown in Table 9.
The condensation point of table 9 ethanol diesel fuel/℃
| Base oil | | E2 | E4 | |
| 0# diesel oil | -10 | -12 | -12 | |
| Normal two diesel oil | -9.0 | -9.0 | -9.1 | |
| Normal three diesel oil | 18.4 | 18.1 | 18.0 | |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | 10.2 | 10.1 | 9.9 | |
| Cracked fuel oil | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.6 |
As known from Table 9: ethanol has certain influence to the condensation point of diesel oil, and ethanol content is big more, and condensation point is low more.
Condensation point is the important service index of diesel oil, is directly connected to the minimum temperature that vehicle uses diesel oil.By table 9 as can be seen, added ethanol after, the condensation point of ethanol diesel fuel slightly reduces.The reduction of ethanol diesel fuel condensation point helps using ethanol diesel fuel under lower envrionment temperature.But, consider that alcoholic acid adds the reduction to condensation point, the effect of playing is not very remarkable, so can think like this: alcoholic acid adds, and can not cause the deteriorated low temperature performance of ethanol diesel fuel at least, that is, ethanol diesel fuel can use at low temperatures.
3.2 cold filter clogging temperature
Measure the condensation point of different basic diesel oil and ethanol diesel fuel thereof by SH/T 0248-92, the results are shown in Table 10.
The cold filter clogging temperature of table 10 ethanol diesel fuel/℃
| Base oil | E0 | E2 | E4 |
| Normal two diesel oil | -9.9 | -9.8 | -10.5 |
| Normal three diesel oil | >20 | 17.5 | 14.5 |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | 11.5 | 11.2 | 11.1 |
| Cracked fuel oil | 5.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
From table 10 and table 9 as can be seen:
After adding ethanol, the cold filter clogging temperature of ethanol diesel fuel reduces; And with the increase of addition, the degree that cold filter clogging temperature descends increases.
It should be noted that: with respect to condensation point, ethanol is more obvious for the reduction effect of cold filter clogging temperature.From the angle of using, to compare with condensation point, cold filter clogging temperature more can be represented the minimum use temperature of diesel oil, therefore, in GB 19147, just cold filter clogging temperature has been brought in the standard of derv fuel oil.And ethanol can illustrate for the good reduction effect of cold filter clogging temperature: alcoholic acid adds, and can improve the low-temperature performance of derv fuel oil in a way.
4 ignition hazard tests
4.1 flash-point
Measure the flash-point of different basic diesel oil and ethanol diesel fuel thereof by GB/T 261-1983, the results are shown in Table 11.
The flash-point of table 11 ethanol diesel fuel/℃
| Base oil | | E2 | E4 | |
| 0# diesel oil | 56 | <20 | <20 | |
| Normal two diesel oil | 46 | <20 | <20 | |
| Normal three diesel oil | 84 | <20 | <20 | |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | 74 | <20 | <20 | |
| Cracked fuel oil | 52 | <20 | <20 |
By the data of table 11 as can be seen:
(1) behind the adding ethanol, the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel is reduced to rapidly near the alcoholic acid flash-point (12 ℃);
(2) what of ethanol addition, not remarkable to the influence of flash-point variable quantity, as long as the adding of small amount of ethanol, just can significantly reduce the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel.
Cause the reason of this situation to be: the performance of light component in the flash-point reflection oil product, even if alcoholic acid ratio very low (2%) in the ethanol diesel fuel, in test, these ethanol will be evaporated rapidly, cause scintillation.
Flash-point is relevant with the ignition hazard of fuel, the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel reduces explanation: in storing and transporting, ethanol diesel fuel is evaporated in the space of storage tank and pipeline easier, thereby reaches the limits of explosion of fuel, causes the generation of scintillation, explosion hazard etc.
4.2 the evaporation improving agent is to the influence of flash-point
As the evaporation improving agent, reduce the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel with 2.3 described two kinds of evaporations improving agents and a kind of inorganic salt by the way that reduces the ethanol diesel fuel vapo(u)rability.Tested 0# diesel oil and be the flash-point of the ethanol diesel fuel of base oil, the results are shown in Table 12 with 0# diesel oil.
Table 12 evaporation improving agent is to the influence of flash-point
| E2 | E4 | |
| Do not add agent | <20℃ | <20℃ |
| Evaporation improving | 20 | 20℃ |
| Evaporation improving agent B | 23℃ | 21℃ |
| | 20 | 20℃ |
As can be seen from Table 12, though the evaporation improving agent can reduce the vapo(u)rability of ethanol diesel fuel, can increase the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel after the interpolation by a small margin.But generally speaking, the evaporation improving agent is little to the influence of the flash-point of ethanol diesel fuel, adds the prescribed value (being not less than 45 ℃) that flash-point after the agent does not still reach the vehicle ethanol diesel oil standard far away.
Because the very strong vapo(u)rability of ethanol itself, the problem difficulty that solve the ethanol diesel fuel flash-point is very big.Can only in accumulating, strengthen management, treat ethanol diesel fuel, prevent from when accumulating, to take place security incident according to storage, the keeping mode of motor spirit.
Other performance tests of 5 ethanol diesel fuels
5.1 metal protection
Measure the copper corrosion of ethanol diesel fuel by GB/T5096-85, the results are shown in Table 13.
The copper corrosion of table 13 ethanol diesel fuel
| Base oil | | E2 | E4 | |
| 0# diesel oil | 1a | 1a | 1a | |
| Normal two diesel oil | 1a | 1a | 1a | |
| Normal three diesel oil | 1a | 1a | 1a | |
| Hydrogenated diesel oil | 1a | 1a | 1a | |
| Cracked fuel oil | 1a | 1a | 1a |
As shown in Table 13:
(1) corrodibility of the increase diesel oil that ethanol can be by a small margin;
(2) when alcoholic acid content not high (＜8%), the copper corrosion of ethanol diesel fuel can be up to state standards, and satisfies the service requirements of ethanol diesel fuel.
5.2 seal compatibility assessment of indices
With 0# diesel oil is that base oil has been prepared ethanol diesel fuel, and the rubber corrosiveness by SH/T0305-93 has measured ethanol diesel fuel the results are shown in Table 14.
The seal compatibility index of table 14 ethanol diesel fuel
| 0# diesel oil | E2 | E4 | |
| Diameter D1/mm before the test | 25.050 | 25.05 | 25.050 |
| Test back diameter D2/mm | 26.075 | 26.100 | 26.125 |
| Diameter expansion percentage ratio SD1/% | 4.092 | 4.192 | 4.291 |
| Volumetric expansion percentage ratio SV1/% | 8.351 | 8.549 | 8.767 |
As shown in Table 14, along with the increase of ethanol content, the seal compatibility index of ethanol diesel fuel is ascendant trend linearly.
The seal compatibility index is relevant with the consistency of rubber in the automobile oil circuit, the seal compatibility exponential rises, illustrating that alcoholic acid adds makes the sealing property variation of oil product, make the possibility of General Purpose Rubber swelling, contraction, sclerosis, be full of cracks become big, and have directly, significantly concern with the alcoholic acid add-on.If use ethanol diesel fuel as motor spirit, so just should select the sealing member of specialty elastomer (as silicon rubber, viton) as far as possible as engine.
6 ethanol diesel fuels are to the influence of engine power performance
6.1 test materials and method
(1) fuel
Contrast fuel: commercially available 0# solar oil;
E2: with commercially available 0# solar oil and dehydrated alcohol is raw material, according to volume percent, and the propellant combination that contains 2% dehydrated alcohol of preparation.
E4: with commercially available 0# solar oil and dehydrated alcohol is raw material, according to volume percent, and the propellant combination that contains 4% dehydrated alcohol of preparation.
(2) engine
The dimension bavin WD615 diesel engine that adopts a large amount of equipments of army is as development engine.
(3) test method
Adopt load-characteristic test and total power test portion among the GB T 18297-2001 " motor car engine method for testing performance ".
6.2 test-results and discussion
6.2.1 external characteristics
Fig. 3～4 have provided external characteristics result's (among each figure, solid line is that 0# diesel oil result, dotted line are the external characteristics result) of 0# diesel oil and E2, E4 ethanol diesel fuel.
By Fig. 3～4 as can be seen: along with the raising of ethanol addition, the specific fuel consumption of ethanol diesel fuel increases, moment of torsion reduces, power reduces.And the variable quantity of ethanol diesel fuel dynamic property and alcoholic acid addition are almost linear.
6.2.2 800rpm part throttle characteristics
Fig. 5,6 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 800rpm.
By Fig. 5,6 as can be seen:
Under 800rpm, when ethanol content was lower, the change in torque of ethanol diesel fuel was little;
Along with the increase of ethanol content, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changes little.
6.2.3 1000rpm part throttle characteristics
Fig. 7,8 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 1000rpm.
By Fig. 7,8 as can be seen:
Under 1000rpm, when ethanol content lower (2%) time, the change in torque of ethanol diesel fuel is little;
Along with the increase of ethanol content, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel descends;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.4 1200rpm part throttle characteristics
By Fig. 9,10 as can be seen:
Under 1200rpm, when ethanol content was low, the change in torque of ethanol diesel fuel was little;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.5 1400rpm part throttle characteristics
Figure 11,12 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 1400rpm.
By Figure 11,12 as can be seen:
Under 1400rpm, when ethanol content was lower, the change in torque of ethanol diesel fuel was little;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.6 1600rpm part throttle characteristics
Figure 13,14 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 1600rpm.
By Figure 13,14 as can be seen:
Under 1600rpm, when ethanol content was lower, the change in torque of ethanol diesel fuel was little;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.7 1800rpm part throttle characteristics
Figure 15,16 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 1800rpm.
By Figure 15,16 as can be seen:
Under 1800rpm, along with the increase of ethanol content, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel descends;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.8 2000rpm part throttle characteristics
Figure 17,18 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 2000rpm.
By Figure 17,18 as can be seen:
Under 2000rpm, along with the increase of ethanol content, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel descends;
When ethanol content was low, the specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel changed little;
6.2.9 2200rpm part throttle characteristics
Figure 19,20 has provided moment of torsion and the specific fuel consumption of engine for combusting 0# diesel oil and different ratios ethanol diesel fuel under the 2200rpm.
By Figure 19,20 as can be seen:
Under 2200rpm, along with the increase of ethanol content, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel descends;
The specific fuel oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel just changes not quite;
6.2.10 discuss
Compare with basic diesel oil, contain oxygen in the alcoholic acid molecule.The existence of oxygen, can cause following two kinds of diametrically opposite influences to the work of engine: on the one hand, the existence of oxygen can cause combustibleconstituents (C, the H) content in the ethanol diesel fuel of identical weight to reduce, and the moment of torsion of engine and power descend, specific fuel consumption increases thereby make; On the other hand, the existence of oxygen can cause in the engine burning of fuel more abundant, thereby improves the burning of engine, makes that engine torque and power increase, specific fuel consumption reduces.
From test-results, can see this two kinds of interactive results of otherwise impact:
(1) moment of torsion and power
The aperture of throttle is identical, and the volume of fuel that then enters into engine in the unit time is identical.Test-results shows that under the different load of each rotating speed, total trend is: when accelerator open degree was identical, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel and power was less than diesel oil, and along with the increase of ethanol content, moment of torsion and power drop amount increase.
It should be noted that below medium speed (1600rpm) when ethanol content very low (2%) time, the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel and power and diesel oil are suitable.Illustrate that at this time the short combustion effect of oxygen has been offset fuel content and reduced the negative impact that brings.
(2) oil consumption
The situation of specific fuel oil consumption and moment of torsion, power are had any different: under bigger motor speed, load and ethanol content situation, although considerable change has taken place in the moment of torsion of ethanol diesel fuel and power, but the specific fuel consumption of engine changes not quite.Though its reason may be that the expendable weight of fuel has reduced simultaneously because moment of torsion has descended.
In addition, no matter be in the slow speed of revolution, still at high rotating speed, alcoholic acid optimal volume per-cent of total existence, under this optimized percentage, the specific fuel consumption and the base oil of ethanol diesel fuel are suitable, though promptly contain aphlogistic oxygen in the ethanol of identical weight, but because the short combustion effect of oxygen, the oil consumption and the diesel oil of ethanol diesel fuel are suitable; When oxygen level greater than after to a certain degree, the short combustion effect of oxygen can not be offset because fuel content reduces the negative impact that brings, the oil consumption of ethanol diesel fuel as a result increases.
The short combustion of oxygen effect also is subjected to the influence of engine load, and under each rotating speed, along with the increase of load, the oil consumption difference of ethanol diesel fuel and diesel oil reduces.Its reason may be because under big loading condiction, oxygen increases the combustion effect and improves relatively.
So add the vapo(u)rability that butanols, octanol or KCl about 1% can reduce propellant combination, greatly reduce the evaporation of fuel, be difficult for catching fire or exploding, improved greatly in transit with use in safety.This is a very important factor in fact in use, and a lot of ethanol diesel fuels is not all considered this problem.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) quality requirements to basic diesel oil is low, is applicable to all diesel oil basically;
(2) compare with basic diesel oil, the dynamic property of engine is not exerted an influence basically;
(3) reduced the vapo(u)rability of propellant combination, the security that has improved transportation and used;
(4) improve and optimized diesel oil and alcoholic acid compatibility, molten water-based.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the boiling range figure of ethanol diesel fuel;
Fig. 2 is the reid method saturation vapour pressure figure of different ratios ethanol diesel fuel;
Fig. 3 is the external characteristics figure of 0# diesel oil and E2 ethanol diesel fuel;
Fig. 4 is the external characteristics figure of 0# diesel oil and E4 ethanol diesel fuel;
Fig. 5 is the moment of torsion-throttle graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 800rpm;
Fig. 6 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 800rpm;
Fig. 7 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 800rpm;
Fig. 8 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1000rpm;
Fig. 9 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1200rpm;
Figure 10 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1200rpm;
Figure 11 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1400rpm;
Figure 12 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1400rpm;
Figure 13 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1600rpm;
Figure 14 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1600rpm;
Figure 15 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1800rpm;
Figure 16 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under the 1800rpm;
Figure 17 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under 2000 rpm;
Figure 18 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under 2000 rpm;
Figure 19 is the moment of torsion-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under 2200 rpm;
Figure 20 is the specific fuel oil consumption-accelerator open degree graph of a relation of ethanol diesel fuel under 2200 rpm.
Embodiment
Further the present invention is illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
| Embodiment 1 | | Embodiment 3 | | Embodiment 5 | | Embodiment 7 | |
| Dehydrated alcohol | 4 L | 4L | 4L | ||||
| Finished diesel fuel | 96 L | 56L | 36 L | 26L | |||
| Straight-run diesel oil | 30 L | 40L | 70L | 96 L | |||
| Secondary processing diesel oil | 10 L | 60 L | 56L | 96 L | |||
| Propyl carbinol | 1L | 1.1L | 1.2L | 1L | 1.1L | 1L | 1.2L |
| Primary isoamyl alcohol | 0.3L | 0.3L | 0.4L | 0.35L | 0.35L | 0.3L | 0.4L |
| Propyl carbinol | 5L | 4L | |||||
| Isooctyl alcohol | 5L | 4L | 6L | ||||
| Primary isoamyl alcohol | 5L | 6L | |||||
| Butanols | 0.8L | 1.2L | |||||
| Octanol | 1L | 0.8L | 1.2L | ||||
| KCl | 0.8kg | 1.2kg | |||||
| Ethylene glycol ethyl ether | 0.1L | 0.3L | 0.2L | ||||
| Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether | 0.2L | 0.2L | 0.3L | 0.1L | |||
| Industrial spirit | 4L | 4 L | 4 L | 4 L |
Claims (5)
1. E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel, the mixed raw material that comprises following volume parts gets:
4 parts of ethanol
96 parts of diesel oil
0.1 ~ 0.3 part of ethylene glycol ethyl ether or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
Described ethanol is dehydrated alcohol or industrial spirit; Described diesel oil is one or more the mixture in finished diesel fuel, straight-run diesel oil, the secondary processing diesel oil.
2. E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the butanols or the octanol that also add volume parts in the described E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be 0.8～1.2 part.
3. E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the KCl that also adds 0.8～1.2kg in the described 100LE4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuels, it is characterized in that: also add volume parts in the described E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be the solubility promoter that the primary isoamyl alcohol of 1～1.2 part propyl carbinol and 0.3～0.4 part is formed.
5. E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the propyl carbinol, isopropylcarbinol, isooctyl alcohol or the primary isoamyl alcohol that also add volume parts in the described E4 ethanol-diesel mixed fuel and be 4～6 parts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105509378A CN102021050A (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | E4 ethanol and diesel mixed fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105509378A CN102021050A (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-11-19 | E4 ethanol and diesel mixed fuel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102021050A true CN102021050A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| Country | Link |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0641854A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-08 | ARCO Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| CN1818037A (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2006-08-16 | 路俊杰 | Synthetic environmental-protective methanol fuel |
| CN101434875A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Ethanol-diesel mixed fuel formula |
-
2010
- 2010-11-19 CN CN2010105509378A patent/CN102021050A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0641854A1 (en) * | 1993-08-31 | 1995-03-08 | ARCO Chemical Technology, L.P. | Diesel fuel |
| CN1818037A (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2006-08-16 | 路俊杰 | Synthetic environmental-protective methanol fuel |
| CN101434875A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2009-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Ethanol-diesel mixed fuel formula |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘晓等: "乙醇柴油性能研究", 《石油炼制与化工》, vol. 41, no. 5, 12 May 2010 (2010-05-12), pages 71 - 75 * |
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