CN102011771B - Fluid resistance reduction composition - Google Patents
Fluid resistance reduction composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN102011771B CN102011771B CN2009101702161A CN200910170216A CN102011771B CN 102011771 B CN102011771 B CN 102011771B CN 2009101702161 A CN2009101702161 A CN 2009101702161A CN 200910170216 A CN200910170216 A CN 200910170216A CN 102011771 B CN102011771 B CN 102011771B
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Abstract
Provided is a fluid resistance reduction composition comprising: a nitrite, an interfacial agent, a corresponding ionic compound, an electrolyte and an aqueous phase medium. Therefore, the fluid resistance reduction composition provided in the present invention is capable of effectively reducing fluid resistance and lowering energy consumption, thereby indirectly reducing carbon emission.
Description
Technical field
The present invention refers to a kind of friction-reducing additive that is applied to the FLUID TRANSPORTATION field especially about a kind of fluid drag-reduction composition.
Background technique
Carbon reduction is present various countries in response to the exhausted day by day slogan that is proposed of the energy, and various researchs are carried out, in the hope of reaching the target of saving energy consumption and reducing the carbon emission amount; And in industrial processs such as air-conditioning equipment, heating pipeline, petroleum pipeline, chemical industry equipment, power system, mortar conveying, the pump power consume has accounted for the major component of whole system power consumption.Therefore, how can reduce the pump power consume to greatest extent is the main means that these systems reduce energy consumption, increase conveying capacity, also is the major issue of puzzlement enterprise.
The surface friction drag of fluid (frictional drag) has limited fluid flowing in conveyance conduit; Cause pipeline run to reduce and the energy consumption increase; And the notion that reduces fluid resistance just proposed as far back as the 1940's, and the fire fighter of USA New York once used water soluble polymer to increase the flow of fire-extinguisher water hose.In discovering of FLUID TRANSPORTATION aspect, some polymeric compound is added in the fluid when the FLUID TRANSPORTATION, have the effect that reduces fluid flow resistance, can improve fluid flow and reduce energy consumption.In 1948; Toms delivers in first international rheology meeting and point out for the first time; A spot of polymeric compound adding is had in the Newtonian fluid (Newtonian fluid) of turbulent flow (turbulentflow); Can effectively reduce the surface friction drag of fluid, and the additive that is used to reduce fluid flow resistance is commonly referred to as friction-reducing additive (drag reducing agent), is called for short DRA.Afterwards; Polymeric compound is used to reduce fluid flow resistance, receives many researchs and pay attention to, for example; U. S. Patent 3023760,3562226 and 3572354; Use water-soluble, straight chain and high molecular weight polymers, like poly styrene sulfonate (polystyrene sulfonate) or polyacrylic amide (polyacrylamide), as the friction-reducing additive of water fluid.
The molecule of friction-reducing additive molecule and fluid is not had an effect, and does not influence its chemical property yet, and is only closely related with its flow characteristic, is a pure physical action.In turbulent flow, fluid particles'motions speed change at random, and forms big and small vortex (eddy), and the large scale vortex absorbs from fluid that energy deforms, fragmentation, and then changes into the small size vortex; The small scale vortex is claimed the dissipativeness vortex again, under the viscous force effect, is weakened, calms down, and its entrained portion of energy is converted into heat energy and dissipates.In nearly tube wall boundary layer, because the effect of wall shear stress and viscous force, this conversion is even more serious.
After friction-reducing additive joins pipeline; Friction-reducing additive is continuous phase and is dispersed in the fluid; Lean on distinctive viscoelasticity (viscoelasticity) itself, the following current of molecule long-chain is column (rod-like) to extending naturally, directly influences the motion of fluid on the microcosmic; Radial effect masterpiece from fluid molecule is used on the friction-reducing additive molecule, makes that it is distorted, rotational deformation.The intermolecular gravitation of friction-reducing additive is resisted above-mentioned active force and is reacted on fluid molecule; Change the action direction and the size of fluid molecule; Make a part of radial force be converted into following current to axial force, thereby reduce the consumption of power, promptly reach the effect of the resistance of reducing friction on the macroscopic view.
In laminar flow (laminar flow), fluid receives the viscous force effect, and the vortex as turbulent flow does not dissipate; The effect that adds friction-reducing additive is limited; Get into turbulent flow along with reynolds' number (Reynold number) increases, friction-reducing additive just manifests the drag reduction effect, and the big more drag-reduction effect of reynolds' number is obvious more.When reynolds' number quite big, when fluid shear stress is enough to destroy the molecular chain structure of friction-reducing additive, friction-reducing additive degraded, drag-reduction effect descends on the contrary, even loses the drag reduction effect fully.It forms the thickness of elasticity bottom the interpolation concentration affects of friction-reducing additive in pipeline, concentration is big more, and the elasticity bottom is thick more, and drag-reduction effect is good more.In theory, when the elasticity bottom reached the pipeline axle center, drag reduction reached capacity, promptly maximum drag reduction.Drag-reduction effect is also relevant with factors such as fluid viscosity, pipe diameter, duct cleanings.
Effectively polymer drag reducing agent mainly has several characteristics: molecular weight is high, dissolubility is high, the long linear structure of the good and unprotected side chain of shear resistant etc.Polymer drag reducing agent has been widely used in every field at present, obtains good effect.For example, in fire-extinguisher water hose, add PEO (polyethylene oxide) after, still can keep the flow unchanged of water with the less water band of diameter, be convenient to the fire personnel and carry; After in field irrigation, adding friction-reducing additive, can increase irrigation efficiency, bring more land under irrigation; In water delivery and fuel transfer system, add friction-reducing additive and can save energy consumption; In the flood discharge pipeline, when flood peak occurring, also can improve flood discharge efficient with friction-reducing additive; Aspect the oil well probing, add polymer drag reducing agent at injection water and can improve charge velocity greatly.Yet, use macromolecule as the shortcoming of friction-reducing additive be more expensive, the not anti-shearing force of price, be easy to degraded, repeatedly use or during long distances drag reduction efficiency can reduce.
The research of friction-reducing additive in the past mainly concentrates on the polymeric compound; In comparison; Interfacial agent (surfactant) has favorable mechanical, chemistry, light, hot equistability, and its generation that is used in the fluid drag-reduction effect is reversible with disappearing, thereby the concern of being studied day by day.Research shows, in fluid, adds an amount of interfacial agent drag reducing additive and can significantly reduce flow resistance, and is of far-reaching significance for the power consumption that reduces the conveying of long-distance pipe liquid.For example, U. S. Patent 3361213 discloses, and a fatty acid alkali metal soap like enuatrol (sodium oleate), adds strong electrolyte (electrolyte), can reduce the frictional loss of water fluid; It discloses equally; One fatty acid ammonium soap adds weak electrolyte or does not contain electrolytical monobasic fatty acid ammonium soap; Also can reduce the frictional loss of water fluid, this fatty acid is the carboxylic acid of 12 to 18 carbon alkyl, and this substituted fatty acid ammonium soap comprises amine soap and alkanolamine soap.Other interfacial agents combine beta naphthal (2-naphthol) like softex kw (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), also the effective friction-reducing additive for discovering.In addition, U. S. Patent 4615825 discloses, and uses cetyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate and organic bath (like 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium), can reach good drag-reduction effect.
Summary of the invention
A purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of fluid drag-reduction composition, to solve the technical problem that exists in the above-mentioned background technology.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention, it comprises: a nitrite, an interfacial agent, a corresponding ionic compound, an electrolyte and aqueous media.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein the weight percentage of each constituent is: this nitrite is 8% to 26%; This interfacial agent is 7% to 21%; This correspondence ionic compound is 18% to 35%; This electrolyte is 0.5% to 5%; This aqueous media is 15% to 66.5%.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this nitrite is a nitrite alkali slaine.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this interfacial agent is a cation interfacial active agent, and should the correspondence ionic compound be an anionic compound.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this interfacial agent is a teepol, and should the correspondence ionic compound be a cationic compound.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this electrolyte is wherein one or its combination of inorganic electrolyte, an organic bath.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this nitrite alkali gold salt is selected from wherein one or its combination of natrium nitrosum, potassium nitrite.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this cation interfacial active agent is selected from wherein one or its combination of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, OTAC, softex kw, octadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate, oil base trimethyl acid amides.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this anionic compound is selected from benzoate, hydroxy benzoate, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid salt, 2, wherein one or its combination of 6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid salt.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this inorganic electrolyte is selected from wherein one or its combination of sodium hydroxide, caustic potoash.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this organic bath is selected from wherein one or its combination of 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid potassium.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein this aqueous medium is a water.
Above-mentioned composition, wherein to make an addition to the weight percentage in the fluid be 0.01% to 1.0% to this fluid drag-reduction composition.
Fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention has advantage during enforcement:
1. temperature limit is wide, in-20 to 90 ℃ scope, all has quite excellent drag-reduction effect.
2. the flow rates that is suitable for is big, all can use in less than the pipeline of 5.0m/s at flow velocity.
3. environmental hazard is low, and compared to polymer drag reducing agent, the present invention uses interfacial agent as friction-reducing additive, and is lower for environmental hazard.
4. adding quantity is little, only needs to add weight percentage 0.01% to 1.0% and can obtain 40 to 80% drag-reduction effect.
5. can be applicable to the industrial processs such as sealed mode ice water heating system and open type cooling water system, heat exchanger, petroleum pipeline, chemical industry equipment, power system, mortar conveying of central air-conditioning system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the graphical illustration of the fluid flow assessment system of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals
The 1-swelling water tank; 2-6.5m 3/4 inch hard tube; The 1/2 inch flexible pipe of 3-20m; The 4-pump; The 5-watt meter; 6-frequency conversion meter; The 7-pressure meter; The 8-flowmeter.
Embodiment
For the auditor being known understand content of the present invention, sincerely, please consult with the description specific embodiment of arranging in pairs or groups.
The so-called fluid of the present invention mainly refers to comprise the liquid of water, can further comprise the liquid that can dissolve each other with water, like methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, propylene glycol etc., and can further comprise the additive that does not influence fluid mobility matter, like the inorganic metal salt etc.
The so-called fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention can reduce fluid flowing friction resistance, and its weight percentage that makes an addition in the fluid is 0.01% to 1.0%.
The so-called fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention, wherein the weight percentage of each constituent is: this nitrite is 8% to 26%; This interfacial agent is 7% to 21%; This correspondence ionic compound is 18% to 35%; This electrolyte is 0.5% to 5%; This aqueous media is 15% to 66.5%.
The so-called nitrite of the present invention is a nitrite alkali slaine, is preferably to be selected from wherein one or its combination of natrium nitrosum, potassium nitrite.
The so-called interfacial agent of the present invention can be a cation interfacial active agent, a teepol or one or two property interfacial agents, and this interfacial agent is preferably the cation interfacial active agent with long linear molecule.Generally speaking, the interfacial agent with long linear molecule is that a hydrophobic group key is tied to a hydrophilic radical, and this hydrophoby machine group is generally the alkyl of 10 to 24 carbon, is preferably the alkyl of 12 to 22 carbon, and the best is the alkyl of 16 to 18 carbon.This hydrophilic radical is generally one (onium) ion; For example level Four ammonium group, three grades of ammonium groups, three grades of (sulfonium) groups; Form with monochloride, bromide, hydroxide or organic acidulants exists, and is preferably the substituted level Four ammonium of the alkyl halide with 1 to 3 carbon.The preferable cation interfacial active agent of the present invention is selected from wherein one or its combination of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, OTAC, softex kw, octadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate, oil base trimethyl acid amides.
The so-called corresponding ionic compound of the present invention needs the ionic of the corresponding interfacial agent that uses, and when using a cation interfacial active agent, should the correspondence ionic compound be an anionic compound then; When using a teepol, should the correspondence ionic compound be a cationic compound then.Owing to use cation interfacial active agent usually; And should be generally benzoate (benzoate), naphthalenedicarboxylic acid salt (naphthalate), carboxylate (carboxylate) or sulfonate (sulfonate) by the correspondence ionic compound, and further has the substitutional group of one or more hydroxyl or alkyl.The preferable corresponding ionic compound of the present invention is selected from benzoate, hydroxy benzoate, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid salt, 2, wherein one or its combination of 6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid salt.Wherein this salt is preferably alkaline metal salt, as: Sodium Benzoate, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium, Potassium Benzoate, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid potassium etc.
The present invention so-called electrolyte can be wherein one or its combination of an inorganic electrolyte, organic bath, and preferable inorganic electrolyte is like sodium hydroxide, caustic potoash; Preferable organic bath such as 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid potassium.
The so-called aqueous medium of the present invention mainly refers to comprise the liquid of water, can further comprise the liquid that can dissolve each other with water, like methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, propylene glycol etc., and can further comprise additive such as inorganic metal salt etc.
The present invention will further specify through following concrete embodiment, but these embodiments are used for limiting the claim of being asked.
Embodiment: friction-reducing additive drag reduction experiment
The present invention utilizes a homemade fluidic circuit system, reduces fluid resistance and reduces the assessment that pump power consumes as fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention, and the graphical illustration of this system sees also Fig. 1.
The composition weight percentage of the friction-reducing additive that embodiment uses is: water 41.5%, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium 24%, Sodium Benzoate 6%, natrium nitrosum 14%, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride 10%, oil base trimethyl acid amides 2%, OTAC 2% and sodium hydroxide 0.5%.This friction-reducing additive adds in the moisture swelling water tank 1 and is 0.1% to 0.5% with respect to the adding quantity of water, parameter such as the visual water quality of this adding quantity, water temperature, caliber, pipe range, lift and adjusting.System comprises the 3/4 inch hard tube 2 of 6.5m and the 1/2 inch flexible pipe 3 of 20m, and utilizes a pump 4 to provide power to carry; The operating parameter of this pump 4: 1/2hp, three-phase 220V, peak rate of flow is 2.5m3/h, and lift is 19m, and electric current is 2.6A.This system utilizes a watt meter 5 and frequency variator 6, measures and adjust the parameter of this pump 4; Utilize a pressure meter 7 to measure the pressure difference of water flows, and utilize the flow of a flowmeter survey water.Parameter that embodiment is measured and data following table are represented.
| Flow (LPM) | Cycle (Hz) | Electric current (A) | Pressure reduction (psi) | Power consumption (kW) | |
| Before friction-reducing additive adds | 28 | 60 | 6 | 30 | 277 |
| After friction-reducing additive adds | 40 | 60 | 6 | 28 | 277 |
| Recall to friction-reducing additive and add preceding flow | 28 | 45 | 3.5 | 16 | 100 |
Experimental result by last table gained can be found; After adding friction-reducing additive of the present invention; Flow in the system increases by 42%, and when flow was adjusted to the same traffic before friction-reducing additive adds, the power consumption of pump reduced 64%; Can confirm that friction-reducing additive of the present invention can effectively be reached reduces fluid resistance and saves energy consumption, and lowers the carbon emission amount indirectly.
As stated, fluid drag-reduction composition of the present invention will have advantage when implementing:
1. temperature limit is wide, in-20 to 90 ℃ scope, all has quite excellent drag-reduction effect.
2. the flow rates that is suitable for is big, all can use in less than the pipeline of 5.0m/s at flow velocity.
3. environmental hazard is low, and compared to polymer drag reducing agent, the present invention uses interfacial agent as friction-reducing additive, and is lower for environmental hazard.
4. adding quantity is little, only needs to add weight percentage 0.01% to 1.0% and can obtain 40 to 80% drag-reduction effect.
5. can be applicable to the industrial processs such as sealed mode ice water heating system and open type cooling water system, heat exchanger, petroleum pipeline, chemical industry equipment, power system, mortar conveying of central air-conditioning system.
The above description of this invention is illustrative, and nonrestrictive, and those skilled in the art is understood, and within spirit that claim limits and scope, can carry out many modifications, variation or equivalence to it, but they will fall in protection scope of the present invention all.
Claims (8)
1. fluid drag-reduction composition; It is characterized in that; Comprise: a nitrite, an interfacial agent, a pair of corresponding ionic compound, an electrolyte and aqueous media that should interfacial agent; When this interfacial agent was a cation interfacial active agent, this correspondence ionic compound was an anionic compound; When this interfacial agent was a teepol, this correspondence ionic compound was a cationic compound.
2. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the weight percentage of each constituent is: this nitrite is 8% to 26%; This interfacial agent is 7% to 21%; This correspondence ionic compound is 18% to 35%; This electrolyte is 0.5% to 5%; This aqueous media is 15% to 66.5%.
3. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this nitrite is a nitrite alkali slaine.
4. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this electrolyte is wherein one or its combination of inorganic electrolyte and an organic bath.
5. composition as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that this cation interfacial active agent is selected from wherein one or its combination of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, OTAC, softex kw, octadecyl trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium salicylate and oil base trimethyl acid amides.
6. composition as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this anionic compound is selected from benzoate, hydroxy benzoate, 2 hydroxybenzoic acid salt and 2, wherein one or its combination of 6-dihydroxy-benzoic acid salt.
7. composition as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, this organic bath is selected from wherein one or its combination of 2 hydroxybenzoic acid sodium and 2 hydroxybenzoic acid potassium.
8. like each described composition among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that the weight percentage that this fluid drag-reduction composition makes an addition in the fluid is 0.01% to 1.0%.
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| CN103032253A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-04-10 | 李宏江 | Novel method for saving energy and improving power generation efficiency of circulating water pumping power plant and device thereof |
| CN103047485A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-04-17 | 李宏江 | Manufacturing method and application scheme for super drain pipes capable of reducing hydraulic resistance |
| CN106145214A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-11-23 | 倪永刚 | A kind of closed circle water system drag reducer |
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| CN101391183A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2009-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of copper oxide drag-reduction nano fluid |
| CN101398275A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Method and device for enhancing heat transfer characteristic drag reduction flow of surfactant |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101391183A (en) * | 2008-10-23 | 2009-03-25 | 上海交通大学 | Preparation method of copper oxide drag-reduction nano fluid |
| CN101398275A (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2009-04-01 | 西安交通大学 | Method and device for enhancing heat transfer characteristic drag reduction flow of surfactant |
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