CN101997279A - Method for investigating bird damages of high-tension transmission line - Google Patents
Method for investigating bird damages of high-tension transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN101997279A CN101997279A CN2010105066505A CN201010506650A CN101997279A CN 101997279 A CN101997279 A CN 101997279A CN 2010105066505 A CN2010105066505 A CN 2010105066505A CN 201010506650 A CN201010506650 A CN 201010506650A CN 101997279 A CN101997279 A CN 101997279A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for investigating bird damages of a high-tension transmission line. The method comprises the following steps of: observing and recording species, quantities, discovery sites, ceasing positions, habitats of birds existing in the range of a belt transect, and species, nest types, nest materials, sizes, positions and use conditions of nesting birds on a pole of the transmission line by taking the high-tension transmission line as the belt transect and taking the widths by 50m on both sides of the high-tension transmission line as the width of the belt transect; measuring the length of the belt transect; and completing the investigation within 4 hours after sunrise, wherein the investigation period at least comprises a first half part and a second half part of a spring breeding season, and a first half part and a second half part of an autumn migration season. By the method, observation and simple measurement are primary, various bird damages existing on the conventional high-tension transmission line are detailedly and completely investigated, species group distribution, life habits, activity rules and damage degrees are found out, the cause of formation of the bird damages is analyzed, and a scientific basis is provided for preventing and controlling the bird damages of the high-tension transmission line.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method.
Background technology:
Birds generally are divided into two kinds to the harm of ultra-high-tension power transmission line, and a kind of birds are being nested above the contiguous charged position on bar, the tower, and the material of nesting such as rattan shape thing falls, and the short circuit line insulator causes line tripping; Second kind is that birds droppings falls and the pollution insulator surface, and circuit external insulation level is reduced, and finally causes line tripping.To the ultra-high-tension power transmission line prerequisite that population distribution, quantity, life habit, the mechanics of birds carried out in detail and comprehensively investigation is control ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest that works the mischief, it is systematically investigated the origin cause of formation that can understand bird pest, for the anti-bird pest of ultra-high-tension power transmission line provides foundation, the present domestic method that does not also have system about the field investigation of ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method, utilize this method to carry out in detail and comprehensively investigation to the various bird pests that existing ultra-high-tension power transmission line exists, find out the kind and the degree of ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest, can understand the origin cause of formation that bird pest forms in view of the above, make precautionary measures then, prevent that birds from working the mischief to ultra-high-tension power transmission line.
Ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method of the present invention is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
With ultra-high-tension power transmission line as belt transect, the wide distance of each 50m of ultra-high-tension power transmission line both sides is as the belt transect width, observe and write down kind, quantity, location, rest position, the habitat of the bird that occurs in the belt transect scope and on the power transmission line column bar, the nest kind of bird, type, nest material, size, position and the operating position of nest, the length of the measuring and calculating belt transect of investigating at last, above-mentioned investigation is finished in 4 hours after the sunrise in the morning; Control time, section comprised first half and latter half, the first half of migrating season autumn and the latter half of mating period in spring at least.
By above-mentioned investigation method, obtain data result, then this data result is carried out following analysis:
1, transmission line birds kind is formed: analyze the kind number that records birds altogether, be under the jurisdiction of what section of what order; Carry out division, the residence type analysis of dominance, the residence type of birds can be divided into resident bird, summer resident, winter bird etc., and every kind of concrete residence type of bird can be consulted reference book Zheng Guang U.S. (2005) " birds in China classification and distribution register ".
2, the seasonal variety of birds kind and quantity: analyzing quantity calendar variation and the kind calendar variation of birds, is to occur in which season as birds quantity maximum, and which minimum is in season, causes specifically what reason is; Which birds has throughout the year, and which season which birds only appears at, and what kind of rule is the birds kind present with seasonal variations.
3, stop dropping on birds on the high voltage transmission line: record the how many kinds of birds altogether and stop dropping on the power transmission line, which kind analyzes specifically is, quantitatively how to distribute seasonal variation or the like.
4, stop dropping on birds on the power transmission tower: record the how many kinds of birds altogether and stop dropping on the power transmission tower, which kind analyzes specifically is, quantitatively how to distribute seasonal variation or the like.
5, Bird's Nest condition survey on the tower bar: in the nest biological nature introduction of kind, quantity, seasonal variety and main kind of bird of tower bar.Which nest is at the position distribution of tower bar, main nest material, predicts contingent harm, how to take the concrete precautionary measures according to the habit of kind.
According to above-mentioned analysis, can find out the birds diversity situation that ultra-high-tension power transmission line is along the line, find out it specifically is which kind works the mischief to ultra-high-tension power transmission line; The kind that harm is arranged is specifically observed, analyze the reason that works the mischief, make precautionary measures then, prevent that birds from working the mischief to ultra-high-tension power transmission line.
The control time selection of section is to arrange according to the mechanics of birds, select to comprise at least that the first half of mating period in spring and latter half, the first half of migrating season autumn and latter half investigate, be because can guarantee to breed in early reproduction bird and late period bird like this, migrate and migrate bird in bird and late period and all be counted in early days, help to understand the seasonal variety of birds interior.
It is because this period that investigation is finished in 4 hours after the sunrise in the morning, and birds are relatively active, are easy to observe and record.
Described in the belt transect scope, the observation and record, preferably the investigator at the uniform velocity advances with the leg speed of 2km per hour, observes kind, quantity, location, rest position, habitat and nest on the power transmission line column bar kind of bird, type, nest material, size, position and the operating position of nest of the bird that occurs in the record belt transect scope also.
Described rest position is meant whether bird is resting on the transmission line or on shaft tower during the process of the investigation, and rests concrete position at transmission facility.
Described habitat is meant according to simple and easy forest, scondary forest, shrubbery, farmland, pond, wetland, meadow, the barren hill etc. divided into of surrounding environment.
The type of described nest:, can be divided into tabular nest (as the nest of ringdove), ware shape nest (as the nest of heron), spherical nest (as the nest of magpie), ampuliform nest (as the nest of penduline tit) according to shape and design feature.
Described nest material is meant the material of nest: simply be divided into branch, bark, metal wire, grass blade, earth, hair etc.
The operating position of described nest can be divided into:
A) build: close bird is holding in the mouth the nest material and is building nest.
B) hatching bird ovum: have close bird to be sitting in the nest and hatch.
C) nurture birdling: birdling hatches, close bird feeding.
D) discarded nest: birdling is from nest, the vacant no bird of nest.
Ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method of the present invention is mainly to observe and to be measured as easily the master, utilization this method can be carried out detailed and comprehensive field investigation to all kinds of bird pests that existing ultra-high-tension power transmission line exists, find out population distribution, life habit, mechanics and the extent of injury of bird pest, analyze the origin cause of formation that bird pest forms, prevent and treat bird pest for ultra-high-tension power transmission line scientific basis is provided.
Embodiment:
Below be to further specify to of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Control time according to the birds mechanics with the first half of mating period in spring and latter half, the first half of migrating season autumn and latter half as main control time section, this can guarantee to breed in early reproduction bird and late period bird, migrate and migrate bird in bird and late period and all be counted interior in early days, also helps to understand the seasonal variety of birds.Control time is selected in after the sunrise in morning and finishes in 4 hours, and this period birds activity is relatively active, is easy to observed and recorded.
Investigation method is used belt transect method, on-the-spot with ultra-high-tension power transmission line as belt transect, the wide distance of each 50m of ultra-high-tension power transmission line both sides is as the belt transect width, and the investigator at the uniform velocity advances with the leg speed of 2km per hour, uses the telescope of 8 * 42 multiples to observe birds and the identification kind that occurs in the belt transect scope." the open-air handbook of birds in China is carried out the evaluation of kind to the use of identification reference book.Investigation finishes the length of the back measuring and calculating belt transect of investigating.Kind, quantity, location, rest position, the habitat of observing and writing down the bird that occurs in the belt transect scope in the investigation way reach the nest kind of bird, type, nest material, size, position and the operating position of nest on the power transmission line column bar, these observed results are recorded in table 1 and the table 2, in order to follow-up statistical analysis.In the process only record do not keep a record for the birds sudden from the place ahead and the right and left birds of witnessing from the rear, can avoid the duplicate record of birds like this.Use following charting content during investigation.Every belt transect repeats 2 times or repeatedly investigation, can increase the chance of record all kinds.
The density of birds kind adopts formula D=KN/2LW to calculate, wherein D be population density (only/km
2), L is belt transect length (km), and W is one-sided width, and N is an observed number of individuals (only) in the belt transect, and K is a conversion coefficient, the result only is converted into/km
2The birds individuality adds up to the repeatedly summation of investigation, and belt transect length is definite with GPS, one-sided width is decided to be 50m.
To meet individual amount and account for and meet the birds of sum more than 10% and be decided to be sociales, account for common kind of being decided to be of total 1%-10%.
Table 1: life list form
Date: _ _ _ _ year _ _ _ _ month _ _ _ _ day, weather conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the investigation place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,
Line name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the time started _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the concluding time _ _ _ _,
Belt transect length _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the investigator _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
| Bird kind title | Latin name | Quantity | Writing time | The location | Rest position | The habitat | Remarks |
Table 2: Bird's Nest record form
Date: _ _ _ _ year _ _ _ _ month _ _ _ _ day, weather conditions _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the investigation place _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _,
Line name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the time started _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the concluding time _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, the investigator _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
| The bird kind of nesting | Latin name | The type of nest | The material of nest | The position of nest | The size of nest | Operating position |
Embodiment 1:
1, control time method
Since year April in June, 2009 to 2010, affiliated Shan cloud line, cloud ground wire, cloud ew line, 4 the different ultra-high-tension power transmission lines of cotton general line of Guangdong Power Grid Jieyang power supply administration have been chosen, article four, the landform of circuit is the Plain, and the habitat type is farmland, orchard, fish pond and village substantially.With above-mentioned ultra-high-tension power transmission line as belt transect, the wide distance of each 50m of ultra-high-tension power transmission line both sides is as the belt transect width, the investigator at the uniform velocity advances with the leg speed of 2km per hour, the kind of the bird that actual observation is arrived in every circuit belt transect of telescope observed and recorded scope of use 8 * 42 multiples, quantity, the location, rest position, the kind of the habitat and the bird of on the power transmission line column bar, nesting, the type of nest, the nest material, size, position and operating position, and record in above-mentioned table 1 and the table 2, control time begins to finish in 4 hours from sunrise, has carried out 5 investigation in four seasons.
2, result:
2.1, Jieyang grid power transmission circuit birds kind forms
Record 70 kinds of birds altogether, be subordinate to 12 orders, 30 sections.Wherein sociales are house swallow, golden waist swallow, and the quantity of 2 kinds of advantage birds accounts for record bird total individual number amount 27.07%; Common kind is 13 kinds of pycnonotus sinensis, sparrow, Xiao Bai waist swift, pond heron, dark green silvereye, Spice finch, Lanius schach Linnaeus, little egret, the red stern bulbul of diphtheria, magpie robin, black-collar starling, yellow abdomen mountain wren warbler, starlings etc., and the individual amount of common kind accounts for 55.93% of record birds total individual number amount.Sociales and common kind amount to 15 kinds, account for 83% of sum.Form from the kinds of birds, 43 kinds of resident birds, account for 61.43% of birds kind number; 22 kinds of winter birds, account for 31.43% of birds kind number, 4 kinds of summer residents account for 5.71% of birds kind number; Pass by a kind of bird, promptly Xiao Bai waist swift accounts for 1.43% of bird kind.Take temperature from the birds number of individuals that records, resident bird accounts for 70.43%, winter bird accounts for 5.83%, summer resident accounts for 17.55%, the bird that passes by accounts for 6.19%.
2.2, the seasonal variations of the total kind of birds and quantity
The influence of characteristic such as be subjected to food, breed, migrate, all there are seasonal variations in kind of birds and quantity.The area, Jieyang, with the birds kind of winter (in December, 2009) record and individual amount at most (50 kinds) and summer (in July, 2009) record birds kind minimum number (34 kinds, 38 kinds), the birds kind number in spring, autumn is between winter and summer.And that the quantity calendar variation of birds and kind calendar variation have is a little different, though still maximum with the birds number of individuals that records winter, the number of individuals that records spring is minimum.Causing the many and few reason of kind in summer of birds kind in winter mainly to be migrated bird influences, because survive the winter in Guangdong Jieyang area the part birds of the north breeding winter, has increased the kind quantity of birds.And record spring less birds individuality be because spring most of birds breeding, less out movable, ND cause.
2.3 stop dropping on the birds on the high voltage transmission line
Stop dropping on the high voltage transmission line recording 21 kinds of birds altogether, wherein sparrow is maximum, accounts for 50%, secondly is golden waist swallow, black larynx stone
, black-collar starling, the red stern bulbul of diphtheria, black tail hawfinch, Lanius schach Linnaeus, pycnonotus sinensis, Bai Wagtail Wagtail, they account for 17.81%, 6.20%, 6.07%, 4.62%, 3.96%, 3.43%, 1.98% and 1.72% of the birds total quantity stopping dropping on the high voltage transmission line respectively.Except that not doing the record of this aspect in June, 2009, record Lanius schach Linnaeus, the red stern bulbul of diphtheria, black 3 kinds of birds of the end of reel in July, 2009 and stop dropping on electric wire and record 11 kinds of birds on October, last 2009 and stop dropping on the electric wire, wherein maximum with sparrow and golden waist swallow quantity; Record 11 kinds of birds altogether and be parked on the electric wire in December, 2009, wherein with sparrow, golden waist swallow, black-collar starling, black larynx stone
Quantity also records 10 kinds of birds bigger in April, 2010 to be stopped dropping on the electric wire, and wherein the red stern bulbul of diphtheria, pycnonotus sinensis and Lanius schach Linnaeus quantity are maximum.At most, secondly 2009 10 write down the birds quantity that is parked on the electric wire is in December, 2009 and in April, 2010, with the birds minimum number that records in July, 2007.In a word, on power transmission line, the birds kind that spring, autumn and winter record birds many, that record summer are few; Take temperature from the birds absolute number that records, be parked in that birds quantity on the electric wire is maximum, summer is minimum autumn.
2.4, stop dropping on the birds on the transmission tower
Record 14 kinds of birds altogether and stop dropping on the power transmission line shaft tower, wherein the black-collar starling has comparative advantage, accounts for and stop dropping on 57.54% of birds total quantity on the shaft tower, surpasses half; Other a fairly large number of birds also have kestrel, Lanius schach Linnaeus, the red arm bulbul of diphtheria, little egret, the black end of reel, pond heron, magpie robin, starling and black larynx stone
, they account for respectively and are parked in 9.43%, 6.60%, 5.66%, 4.72%, 3.77%, 2.83%, 1.89%, 1.89% and 1.89% of birds total quantity on the shaft tower.Record 6 kinds of birds in June, 2009 and stop dropping on the shaft tower, the black-collar starling has comparative advantage; Recording black-collar starling and 2 kinds of birds of Lanius schach Linnaeus in July, 2009, also is that the black-collar starling has comparative advantage; Record 4 kinds of birds in October, 2009 and stop dropping on the shaft tower, kestrel is preponderated; Record 4 kinds of birds altogether and be parked in shaft tower in December, 2009, but quantity is all less; Also record 6 kinds of birds in April, 2010 and stop dropping on the shaft tower, black-collar starling have comparative advantage (nearly 60%).In a word, though in the birds kind quantity that records on the shaft tower mostly between the 4-6 kind, the birds individual amount that records is maximum with spring, winter is less.The black-collar starling all had comparative advantage in each time investigation except that winter, and the quantity of kestrel is abundanter relatively in the winter time.
3, conclusion:
The main bird kind and the bird pest analysis of shaft tower
Find by field observation, the birds that nest is built on Jieyang power supply administration ultra-high-tension power transmission line mainly are the black-collar starlings, because the black-collar starling is liked building near the local nest of insulator at the cross bar of iron tower, easy and the insulator string short circuit of branch that hangs down from the Bird's Nest edge and iron wire, and first to the 3rd insulator of insulator string since the voltage that bears far above remaining insulator sheet, so as easy as rolling off a log generation flashover.And, also increased insulator because the probability of " pollution flashover " that birds droppings caused because this kind bird is movable above insulator.Except that the black-collar starling was liked nesting on shaft tower, ardeidae birds of Ciconiiformes such as pond heron, little egret were also liked spiraling above shaft tower, circuit, have a rest on shaft tower and electric wire.And describe according to the electric power maintenance personnel, summer, the ardeidae birds were liked stopping on iron tower, discharged feces above insulator, were the birds of causing Jieyang supply line flashover phenomenon really.
Explanation thus, realization of the present invention is for ultra-high-tension power transmission line is prevented and treated the foundation that bird pest provides science.
Claims (2)
1. a ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
With ultra-high-tension power transmission line as belt transect, the wide distance of each 50m of ultra-high-tension power transmission line both sides is as the belt transect width, observe and write down kind, quantity, location, rest position, the habitat of the bird that occurs in the belt transect scope and on the power transmission line column bar, the nest kind of bird, type, nest material, size, position and the operating position of nest, the length of the measuring and calculating belt transect of investigating at last, above-mentioned investigation is finished in 4 hours after the sunrise in the morning; Control time, section comprised first half and latter half, the first half of migrating season autumn and the latter half of mating period in spring at least.
2. ultra-high-tension power transmission line bird pest investigation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in the belt transect scope, observe and record to be the investigator at the uniform velocity advance with the leg speed of 2km per hour, observe kind, quantity, location, rest position, habitat and on the power transmission line column bar, the nest kind of bird, type, nest material, size, position and the operating position of nest of the bird that occurs in the record belt transect scope also.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102393879A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-03-28 | 广东电网公司佛山供电局 | Method and device for drawing bird damage distribution graph of power grid |
| CN105335898A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-17 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Bird-caused damage risk distribution map drawing system |
| CN105389555A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-09 | 天津航天中为数据系统科技有限公司 | Hidden danger target analysis method and system based on aerial image |
| CN110020779A (en) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-07-16 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Bird species damage grade classification method for bird-involved fault of power transmission line |
| CN113743778A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | Transformer substation bird damage grading management and control system and management and control method |
-
2010
- 2010-10-13 CN CN2010105066505A patent/CN101997279A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102393879A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2012-03-28 | 广东电网公司佛山供电局 | Method and device for drawing bird damage distribution graph of power grid |
| CN102393879B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2015-03-18 | 广东电网公司佛山供电局 | Method and device for drawing bird damage distribution graph of power grid |
| CN105389555A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-03-09 | 天津航天中为数据系统科技有限公司 | Hidden danger target analysis method and system based on aerial image |
| CN105335898A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-02-17 | 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Bird-caused damage risk distribution map drawing system |
| CN110020779A (en) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-07-16 | 国网江西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Bird species damage grade classification method for bird-involved fault of power transmission line |
| CN113743778A (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2021-12-03 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司宁波供电公司 | Transformer substation bird damage grading management and control system and management and control method |
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Application publication date: 20110330 |