CN101996633B - Method and device for embedding watermark in audio signal - Google Patents
Method and device for embedding watermark in audio signal Download PDFInfo
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- CN101996633B CN101996633B CN2009101659316A CN200910165931A CN101996633B CN 101996633 B CN101996633 B CN 101996633B CN 2009101659316 A CN2009101659316 A CN 2009101659316A CN 200910165931 A CN200910165931 A CN 200910165931A CN 101996633 B CN101996633 B CN 101996633B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for embedding a watermark in an audio signal. The method comprises the steps of: judging whether a current left channel audio frame and a current right channel audio frame are both steady-state audio frames; if so, comparing frequency spectrum data of a scaling factor band on a position in a harmony channel audio frame with frequency spectrum data of a scaling factor band on the position in a balance channel audio frame, wherein the harmony channel audio frame and the balance channel audio frame are generated by carrying out middle side stereophonic treatment on the left channel audio frame and the right channel audio frame; and if a comparison result meets a preset requirement, embedding the watermark into the scaling factor band of the position in the balance channel audio frame.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the signal process field, relate more specifically to a kind of for the method and apparatus at the sound signal embed watermark.
Background technology
Along with the increase of Digital Media number, ten hundreds of netizens can obtain various audio products like a cork.The development of Internet technology has also brought revolutionary change to information conversion.Yet problem of piracy and dispute over copyright have become a more and more serious social concern.In order to prevent that digital media information from being encroached right and illegally distorting, the copyright protection of digital media content becomes more and more important.As the effective ways of copyright protection of digital product, digital watermark technology has obtained studying widely and applying.So-called digital watermarking be forever be embedded in other data, there is identifiable digital signal or pattern, and do not affect the availability of host data.Because the human auditory system will the sensitivity to image change higher than the human visual system to the sensitivity of sound variation, thus in sound signal the embed watermark relative difficult.
Exist at present multiple in sound signal the method for embed watermark, the most simply wherein least significant bit (LSB) algorithm (Least Significant Bit, LSB), this watermarking algorithm can embed a large amount of watermark informations, but its watermark robustness is very poor, the noise of a little just can destroy watermark information.In addition, some watermarking algorithm is hidden in digital watermarking under masking threshold according to people's ear masking effect, but but can't resist common sensing audio compression algorithm, reason is that the sensing audio compression algorithm has abandoned people's ear and shelters the data under thresholding, thereby has also lost digital watermarking; Also have the quantized value after some watermarking algorithms quantize by change to carry out embed watermark, the embedded quantity of this its watermark of method is also very large, but has equally poor robustness.
Summary of the invention
One or more problems in view of the above, the invention provides a kind of for the method and apparatus at the sound signal embed watermark.
According to the method at the sound signal embed watermark of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise: judge whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are the stable state audio frame; If, to with the channel audio frame in the frequency spectrum data of scale factor band of a position and the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in poor channel audio frame compare, wherein, described and channel audio frame and described poor channel audio frame generate by edge-on body sonication during described L channel audio frame and described right audio channel frame are carried out; If, and comparative result reaches pre-provisioning request, watermark is embedded to the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
According to the device at the sound signal embed watermark of the embodiment of the present invention, comprise: judging unit is configured to judge whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are the stable state audio frame; Comparing unit, be configured in the situation that judgment result is that of judging unit is, to with the channel audio frame in the frequency spectrum data of scale factor band of a position and the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in poor channel audio frame compare, wherein, described and channel audio frame and described poor channel audio frame generate by edge-on body sonication during described L channel audio frame and described right audio channel frame are carried out; And embedded unit, be configured to, in the situation that the comparative result of comparing unit reaches pre-provisioning request, watermark be embedded to the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
The characteristics of sensing audio encoding algorithm have effectively been utilized according to the embodiment of the present invention for the method and apparatus at the sound signal embed watermark, and adopt the spectrum value positional information to carry out embed watermark, compare the method that existing watermarking algorithm directly changes time domain PCM value or frequency domain spectrum value, there is higher robustness.
The accompanying drawing explanation
From the description to the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention may be better understood, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the logic diagram for the device at the sound signal embed watermark according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram for the method at the sound signal embed watermark according to the embodiment of the present invention; And
Fig. 3 is according to another embodiment of the present invention for the logic diagram of the device at the sound signal embed watermark.
Embodiment
Below will describe feature and the exemplary embodiment of various aspects of the present invention in detail.Many details have been contained in following description, in order to complete understanding of the present invention is provided.But, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention can in the situation that some details in not needing these details implement.To the description of embodiment, be below only in order by example of the present invention is shown, to provide the clearer understanding to the present invention.The present invention never is limited to following any concrete configuration and the algorithm proposed, but has covered under the premise of without departing from the spirit of the present invention any modification, replacement and the improvement of coherent element, parts and algorithm.
Difference according to the signal domain of carrying out watermark embedding method, can be divided into watermark embedding method following three classes: the watermark embedding method in time domain, the watermark embedding method in frequency domain and the watermark embedding method in compression domain.Belong to the third watermark embedding method according to the method at the sound signal embed watermark of the embodiment of the present invention.
According to the method and apparatus at the sound signal embed watermark of the embodiment of the present invention, be with the stereo basis that is treated to of middle side (Middle/Side, MS).Fig. 1 is the logic diagram for the device at the sound signal embed watermark according to the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, should comprise judging unit 102, comparing unit 104 and embedded unit 106 for the device 100 at the sound signal embed watermark.Wherein, judging unit 102 judges whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are the stable state audio frame; Comparing unit 104 in the situation that judgment result is that of judging unit be, to with the channel audio frame in the frequency spectrum data of scale factor band of a position and the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in poor channel audio frame compare, wherein, and channel audio frame and poor channel audio frame by edge-on body sonication during L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are carried out, generate; And embedded unit 106 embeds watermark on the scale factor band of the described position in poor channel audio frame in the situation that the comparative result of comparing unit reaches pre-provisioning request.Wherein, embedded unit 106 may further include energy distribution unit 1062 and data replacement unit 1064.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram for the method at the sound signal embed watermark according to the embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 2, should comprise for the method 200 at the sound signal embed watermark: S202 judges whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are stable state audio frame (for example, can complete by judging unit 102); S204, if, to with the channel audio frame in the frequency spectrum data of scale factor band of a position and the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in poor channel audio frame compare, wherein, generate (for example, can complete by comparing unit 104) with channel audio frame and poor channel audio frame by edge-on body sonication during L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are carried out; And S206, if comparative result reaches pre-provisioning request, watermark is embedded to the scale factor band (for example, can complete by embedded unit 106) of the described position in poor channel audio frame.In the situation that the method shown in Fig. 2 is used for to stereo song embed watermark, before stereo song finishes, the method circulation shown in Fig. 2 is carried out.Describe step S202～S206 in detail below in conjunction with concrete example.
In the example according to the embodiment of the present invention, Channel_A and Channel_B mean respectively L channel and the R channel after time domain arrives the frequency domain conversion.Channel_C mean after the stereo processing of MS and sound channel.Channel_D means the poor sound channel after the stereo processing of MS.SF_A means the scale factor band in Channel_C.SF_B means the scale factor band in Channel_D.
Suppose in the example according to the embodiment of the present invention, sample data is the frequency spectrum data (length of supposing this scale factor band is 8) of a scale factor band of L channel before the stereo processing of MS of the stereo song of Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) and R channel, as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| L channel | 58745 | 68238 | 98746 | 87452 | 65545 | 57485 | 45781 | 25847 |
| R channel | 56181 | 73659 | 95488 | 86001 | 70112 | 52234 | 43330 | 21260 |
| Poor sound channel | 2564 | -5421 | 3258 | 1451 | -4567 | 5251 | 2451 | 4587 |
In AAC, MS is stereo to finish dealing with down conversion:
Sum＝0.5*(left+right)
Diff＝0.5*(left-right)
Wherein, left means the frequency spectrum data in the L channel Channel_A after time domain converts to frequency domain, right means the frequency spectrum data in the R channel Channel_B after time domain converts to frequency domain, Sum mean by time domain is carried out to the stereo processing of MS draws to the L channel Channel_A after frequency domain conversion and the frequency spectrum data in R channel Channel_B with sound channel Channel_C in frequency spectrum data, Diff means by time domain is carried out to the frequency spectrum data in poor sound channel Channel_D that the stereo processing of MS draws to the L channel Channel_A after frequency domain conversion and the frequency spectrum data in R channel Channel_B.Table 2 shows frequency spectrum data that draw according to data shown in table 1 and scale factor band sound channel Channel_C and poor sound channel Channel_D.
Table 2
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| And sound channel | 57463 | 70949 | 97117 | 86727 | 67829 | 53860 | 44556 | 23554 |
| Poor sound channel | 1282 | -2711 | 1629 | 726 | -2284 | 2626 | 1226 | 2294 |
Because the watermark be embedded in the stable state audio frame can have higher robustness, so need in step S202, judge whether the current audio frame in Channel_A and Channel_B is stable state audio frame (this can realize by the transient response that detects current audio frame).After current audio frame in judgment result displays Channel_A and Channel_B is the stable state audio frame, in step S204 to the frequency spectrum data in Channel_C (, with the frequency spectrum data in the channel audio frame) and Channel_D in frequency spectrum data (that is, differing from the frequency spectrum data in the channel audio frame) compare.
In the ordinary course of things, Channel_A is more similar with the frequency spectrum data in Channel_B, and the sense of hearing that in the scale factor band in Channel_D, embed watermark brings changes fewer.According to the stereo processing of MS, the frequency spectrum data similarity between Channel_A and Channel_B relatively is equivalent to frequency spectrum data in Channel_C and the diversity ratio between the frequency spectrum data in Channel_D.That is to say, two sound channel Channel_C that only need relatively to draw by the stereo processing of MS and the difference between the frequency spectrum data in Channel_D, just can know the similarity relation between the frequency spectrum data in Channel_A and Channel_B.In actual applications, the frequency spectrum data in Channel_C and Channel_D can be divided in a plurality of SF_A and SF_B.Scale factor band SF_A and SF_B are the basic processing units for the method and apparatus at the sound signal embed watermark of realizing according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Particularly, for example can by relatively in Channel_C and Channel_D the SF_A in same position and the energy in SF_B realize that frequency spectrum data similarity between Channel_A and Channel_B relatively.For example, for example, when the ratio of the length SF_A that is N and the energy between SF_B (surpasses predetermined threshold, surpass 500) or (for example fall into predetermined threshold range, between 500 and 1000) time, the watermark that is N to the SF_B insert length in SF_A and SF_B to this (that is, the watermark bit of N bit).
In addition, the amplitude envelope similarity of frequency spectrum data that can be by the corresponding proportion factor band in relatively Channel_A and Channel_B judges the frequency spectrum data similarity between Channel_A and Channel_B, or can whether approach by the ratio of the energy between the scale factor band that judges the same position in Channel_A and Channel_B the 1 frequency spectrum data similarity judged between Channel_A and Channel_B.
As can be seen from Table 2, the frequency spectrum data in Channel_C, much larger than the frequency spectrum data in Channel_D, that is to say that the frequency spectrum data in Channel_A and Channel_B is closely similar.This means that can carry out watermark embeds processing.Frequency spectrum data in SF_B is corresponding one by one with the watermark bit in watermark.
Below describe the processing (that is, step S206) that watermark is embedded to SF_B in detail.At first, before watermark is embedded to SF_B, calculate the energy of SF_B.Then, in watermark is embedded to the process of SF_B, the symbol that keeps each frequency spectrum data in SF_B, calculating is by the number of the watermark bit " 1 " that is embedded into, the energy of SF_B is averagely allocated to watermark bit " 1 " by the frequency spectrum data position in the SF_B be embedded into (this processing for example can be completed by energy distribution unit 1062), replace watermark bit " 1 " by the frequency spectrum data of the position that is embedded into distributed energy value, and replace watermark bit " 0 " by the frequency spectrum data (this processing for example can be completed by data replacement unit 1064) of the position of embedding by watermark bit " 0 ".Scale factor band with N frequency spectrum data can insert N watermark bit.SF_B after embed watermark will only have minimum value " 0 " and the frequency spectrum data of watermark bit " 1 " position that calculates from the energy of SF_B.
For example, for a scale factor band in the poor sound channel Channel_D shown in table 2, its energy is:
Total_energy＝1282*1282+(-2711)*(-2711)+1629*1629+726*726+(-2284)*(-2284)+2626*2626+1226*1226+2294*2294＝31051806
Suppose that the watermark that current preparation embeds is 01011011, altogether comprise 5 " 1 " bits.So the maximum spectrum data of the scale factor band after embed watermark will be
Table 3 shows the situation after embed watermark in a scale factor band of the poor sound channel shown in table 2.
Table 3
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| And sound channel | 57463 | 70949 | 97117 | 86727 | 67829 | 53860 | 44556 | 23554 |
| Poor sound channel after embed watermark | 0 | -2492 | 0 | 2492 | -2492 | 0 | 2492 | -2492 |
General data in psychologic acoustics audio coding algorithm is compressed in the quantification treatment stage and completes.According to the psychologic acoustics encryption algorithm, lower than the mass data of people's ear masking threshold M, be dropped.This means for any spectrum value amplitude lower than M in Channel_A and Channel_B and change and can not affect the human auditory of current scale factor band.So any value that can get lower than M is quantized the frequency spectrum data in Channel_A and Channel_B as quantization threshold.
Owing to quantizing to go through very much evil for the alligatoring of frequency spectrum data, in stereo AAC code stream such as common 96kbps, the value quantized out concentrates between 0 to 15 mostly, and each scale factor band has different quantization thresholds, so, for the range value of Channel_C in the Channel_A in table 1, Channel_B and table 2, quantization threshold will be up to thousands of even tens thousand of.In this example, for convenience of calculation, suppose to be 6000 for the quantization threshold of the frequency spectrum data of Channel_A, Channel_B and Channel_C.In addition, for Channel_D in table 2, if having nonzero value in certain scale factor band, the frequency spectrum data of the amplitude maximum in this scale factor band is generally can not be quantized into 0 value so, so the mask threshold value (that is, quantization threshold) for Channel_D can not surpass 2711.In this example, similar 6000, can suppose that equally the quantization threshold for Channel_D is 1500.
Frequency spectrum data in his-and-hers watches 1～3 is quantized, and can draw table 4～6:
Table 4
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| L channel after quantification | 10 | 11 | 16 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 4 |
| R channel after quantification | 9 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 9 | 7 | 4 |
Table 5
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| After quantification and sound channel | 10 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 4 |
| Poor sound channel after quantification | 1 | -2 | 1 | 0 | -2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Table 6
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
| After quantification and sound channel | 10 | 12 | 16 | 14 | 11 | 9 | 7 | 4 |
| Poor sound channel after embed watermark after quantification | 0 | -2 | 0 | 2 | -2 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
According to people's ear masking characteristics, any numerical value change lower than masking threshold can not cause that the auditory perception of people's ear changes.Upper example assumes left and right acoustic channels masking threshold (that is, quantization threshold) be 6000, mean that carrying out any numerical value of 6000 of being less than for left and right acoustic channels changes and can not cause that the human auditory system impression changes.Maximum data changing value for poor sound channel after embed watermark is less than 3000, after will becoming left and right acoustic channels again with poor sound channel, the data value to the original left R channel that this 3000 changing value causes changes the masking threshold 6000 that will be less than left and right acoustic channels, so can be in effective embed watermark according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the not sentience of underwriter's ear.
In the example shown in table 1～6, the frequency spectrum data in a scale factor band of the poor sound channel of re-quantization will be 0 ,-3000,0,3000 ,-3000,0,3000,3000.Although 3000 are different from 2492 very much, due to the interior location that has kept maximum data and minimum data, so watermark can correctly be recovered.In addition, can before watermark is embedded to SF_B, watermark be encoded, after avoiding inserting watermark, produced the spectrum value that some changes the audio coding characteristic, or increased the robustness according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention by strengthening redundancy.
Fig. 3 is according to another embodiment of the present invention for the logic diagram of the device at the sound signal embed watermark.Except judging unit 102, comparing unit 104 and embedded unit 106, should also comprise watermark encoder unit 108 for the device at the sound signal embed watermark, for watermark bit is encoded to increase redundancy, the characteristic that to utilize embedded unit 106 to embed the watermark bit of SF_B is analyzed, and will be kept at wherein through coding and the watermark bit be not used.Wherein, Channel_C and the Channel_D of comparing unit 104 from the stereo processing module of the MS in outside is obtained the stereo processing of MS.
Below with reference to specific embodiments of the invention, the present invention has been described, but those skilled in the art all understand, can carry out various modifications, combination and change to these specific embodiments, and can not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention that limited by claims or its equivalent.
Can perform step with hardware or software as required.Note, without departing from the scope of the invention, can add step, therefrom remove step or revise step wherein to the process flow diagram provided in this instructions.In general, process flow diagram just is used to refer to a kind of possible sequence for the basic operation of practical function.
Embodiments of the invention can utilize programming universal digital computer, utilize special IC, programmable logic device (PLD), field programmable gate array, light, chemistry, biological, system quantum or nanometer engineering, assembly and mechanism to realize.In general, function of the present invention can be realized by any means known in the art.Can use distributed or networked system, assembly and circuit.The communication of data or to transmit can be wired, wireless or by any other means.
Also will recognize, according to the needs of application-specific, one or more in the key element shown in accompanying drawing can be by more separating or more integrated mode realizes, or be removed even in some cases or be deactivated.Program or code that realization can be stored in machine readable media are carried out above-mentioned any method with the permission computing machine, also within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
In addition, it is only exemplary that any signal arrows in accompanying drawing should be considered to, rather than restrictive, unless concrete indication separately arranged.When term is also contemplated as, make to separate or the ability of combination while not knowing, the combination of assembly or step also will be considered to put down in writing.
Claims (6)
1. one kind for the method at the sound signal embed watermark, comprising:
Judge whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are the stable state audio frame;
If, by the scale factor band of a position in calculating and channel audio frame and the ratio of the energy of the scale factor band that differs from the described position in the channel audio frame, frequency spectrum data to the scale factor band of the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in described and channel audio frame and the described position in described poor channel audio frame compares, wherein, described and channel audio frame and described poor channel audio frame generate by edge-on body sonication during described L channel audio frame and described right audio channel frame are carried out; And
If the ratio of described energy surpasses predetermined threshold or falls into predetermined threshold range, watermark is embedded to the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
2. according to claim 1ly for the method at the sound signal embed watermark, it is characterized in that, the processing that described watermark is embedded to the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame comprises:
The energy mean allocation of the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame will be embedded in to the frequency spectrum data place in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame to the non-zero watermark bit comprised in described watermark; And
The symbol that retains each frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame, the combination that utilizes the zero watermark bit that comprises in described watermark and be assigned to the corresponding frequency spectrum data of energy at the frequency spectrum data place in the scale factor band that the non-zero watermark bit comprised in described watermark will be embedded in the described position in described poor channel audio frame replaces each frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame, and the number of the watermark bit that wherein said watermark comprises equals the number of the frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
3. according to claim 1ly for the method at the sound signal embed watermark, it is characterized in that, before described watermark is embedded to described poor channel audio frame, described watermark is encoded.
4. one kind for the device at the sound signal embed watermark, comprising:
Judging unit, be configured to judge whether current L channel audio frame and right audio channel frame are the stable state audio frame;
Comparing unit, be configured in the situation that judgment result is that of described judging unit is, by the scale factor band of a position in calculating and channel audio frame and the ratio of the energy of the scale factor band that differs from the described position in the channel audio frame, frequency spectrum data to the scale factor band of the frequency spectrum data of the scale factor band of the described position in described and channel audio frame and the described position in described poor channel audio frame compares, wherein, described and channel audio frame and described poor channel audio frame generate by edge-on body sonication during described L channel audio frame and described right audio channel frame are carried out, and
Embedded unit, be configured to, in the situation that the ratio of described energy surpasses predetermined threshold or falls into predetermined threshold range, watermark be embedded to the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
5. according to claim 4ly for the device at the sound signal embed watermark, it is characterized in that, described embedded unit comprises:
The energy distribution unit, be configured to the energy mean allocation of the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame will be embedded in to the non-zero watermark bit comprised in described watermark the frequency spectrum data place in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame; And
The data replacement unit, be configured to retain the symbol of each frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame, the combination that utilizes the zero watermark bit that comprises in described watermark and be assigned to the corresponding frequency spectrum data of energy at the frequency spectrum data place in the scale factor band that the non-zero watermark bit comprised in described watermark will be embedded in the described position in described poor channel audio frame substitutes each frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame, wherein
The number of the watermark bit that described watermark comprises equals the number of the frequency spectrum data in the scale factor band of the described position in described poor channel audio frame.
6. according to claim 4 for the device at the sound signal embed watermark, it is characterized in that, also comprise coding unit, this coding unit is configured to, before by described embedded unit, described watermark being embedded to described poor channel audio frame, described watermark be encoded.
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| CN103000180A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-27 | 上海中科高等研究院 | Surround array coding and decoding system and achieving method thereof |
| JP6574551B2 (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2019-09-11 | 培雄 唐沢 | Arbitrary signal transmission method using sound |
| CN105244033B (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2019-07-16 | 意法半导体亚太私人有限公司 | System and method for digital watermarking |
| CN109151157B (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2021-07-30 | 成都宇飞信息工程有限责任公司 | Multimedia digital watermark evidence obtaining mobile phone |
| CN108766449B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学技术大学 | Reversible watermark realization method for audio signal |
| CN108962268B (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-11-03 | 广州酷狗计算机科技有限公司 | Method and apparatus for determining monophonic audio |
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