CN101993972A - Arc furnace steelmaking method - Google Patents

Arc furnace steelmaking method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101993972A
CN101993972A CN2010105299666A CN201010529966A CN101993972A CN 101993972 A CN101993972 A CN 101993972A CN 2010105299666 A CN2010105299666 A CN 2010105299666A CN 201010529966 A CN201010529966 A CN 201010529966A CN 101993972 A CN101993972 A CN 101993972A
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steel
arc furnace
steelmaking process
furnace
molten
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CN101993972B (en
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王广连
申景霞
孙永喜
马传庆
李猛
杨密平
赵冠夫
刘金玲
范夕荣
倪友来
张君平
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Jinan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Laiwu Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an arc furnace steelmaking method, comprising the following steps: preparing raw materials from 30-70% of molten iron, 5-20% of high quality scrap steel, 20-45% of cheap scrap steel and 4-5% of other auxiliary materials based on weight percentage; and refining the raw materials into molten steel by an arc furnace. By the steelmaking method of the invention, electric energy consumption can be reduced so as to lower the steelmaking cost.

Description

Arc furnace steelmaking process
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arc furnace steelmaking process, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of arc furnace steelmaking process that can reduce the smelting energy consumption.
Background technology
Along with the shortage day by day of world energy sources, resource, the recycle of Nonrenewable resources such as coal, ore more and more is subjected to the attention of metallurgy industry.Smelter belongs to highly energy-consuming type enterprise, and its energy consumption accounts for about 10% of national energy consumption, accounts for 15.25% of industrial sector energy consumption.Electric-arc furnace steelmaking is generally acknowledged by world's metallurgy industry as the metallurgical pattern of a kind of recycling economy of Sustainable development, has entered since the new millennium, and the electric-arc furnace steelmaking ratio of each developed country continues to rise year by year.As big steel country, China's electric arc furnace output of steel has reached 5,000 ten thousand tons/year.
Traditional arc furnace steeling process flow process is: full waste steel ingredient technology → electric arc furnace → LF stove (→ VD stove) → continuous casting (die casting) → rolling.Yet, the ton smelting steel cost height of this traditional process for making, rhythm of production is slow, and environmental pollution is serious.Adopt the energy consumption of electric-arc furnace steelmaking of this technology bigger, only the energy consumption of electric-arc furnace steelmaking industry just accounts for 20% of domestic metallurgical total energy consumption.
Therefore, need a kind of arc furnace steelmaking process that can reduce the smelting energy consumption of exploitation.This is to reducing electric arc furnace ton smelting steel cost, and faster production rhythm alleviates environmental pollution etc. and has important practical significance.
Summary of the invention
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of arc furnace steelmaking process, this method may further comprise the steps: preparation raw material, and by weight, described raw material comprises 30% to 70% molten iron, 5% to 20% high-quality steel scrap, 20% to 45% cheap steel scrap and other auxiliary material of 4% to 5%; Utilize electric arc furnace that raw material is refined into molten steel.
Method for making steel of the present invention also can be included in and refine into after the molten steel, utilizes LF stove and VD stove that molten steel is carried out refining, and wherein, LF stove smelting cycle is not less than 32 minutes/stove, and the compressed steel time between LF stove and the VD stove is no more than 15 minutes.
1/2 to 2/3 of the refining slag quantity of slag in the ladle is taken off the quantity of slag and is in the processing of also can skimming before molten steel enters the VD stove.
In the vacuum-treat process of VD stove, argon flow amount can be 150L/min to 280L/min, and argon pressure can be 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa.
After the vacuum-treat of VD stove, can add insulating covering agent, keep soft blow so that top of the slag fine motion.The time of soft blow can be 12 minutes to 30 minutes, then molten steel is carried out continuous casting.
The saturation steam supply VD stove that can utilize the fume afterheat in the electric arc furnace to produce is produced required thermal source.
Molten clear carbon content can be: soft steel 〉=0.30%; Medium carbon steel 〉=0.45%; High carbon steel 〉=0.60%.Endpoint carbon content can be: soft steel 〉=0.08%; Medium and high carbon steel 〉=0.15%.Tapping temperature can be: 1530 ℃ to 1580 ℃ in soft steel; 1520 ℃ to 1570 ℃ in medium carbon steel; 1510 ℃ to 1560 ℃ in high carbon steel.
According to method for making steel of the present invention,, so can reduce even interrupt supply of electric power fully because the heat that produces in the heat of the molten iron that adds itself and the oxygen blast process can be kept the temperature in the stove.Therefore, utilize, can greatly reduce current consumption, thereby can cut down the consumption of energy, save production cost according to smelting process of the present invention.
Description of drawings
By the description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to embodiment, above-mentioned and/or other purposes of the present invention and advantage will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is according to the schema of arc furnace steelmaking process of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schema according to the bootstrap system of arc furnace steelmaking process of the present invention.
Embodiment
Exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Embodiments of the invention shown in the drawings only are to be completely and completely in order to make the disclosure yet these embodiment are provided, rather than for restriction purpose of the present invention.The invention is not restricted to embodiment set forth herein, but intention covers various modifications and the change that comprises within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is according to the schema of arc furnace steelmaking process of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is the schema according to the bootstrap system of arc furnace steelmaking process of the present invention.With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described below.
Method of the present invention comprises: preparation raw material (101), and by weight, described raw material comprises 30% to 70% molten iron, 5% to 20% high-quality steel scrap, 20% to 45% cheap steel scrap and other auxiliary material of 4% to 5%; Utilize electric arc furnace that raw material is refined into molten steel (102).
Wherein, the high-quality steel scrap is the steel scrap that shape, size and composition and density all meet the electric arc furnace smelting requirement, because the type of furnace is different and stove varies in size, high-quality steel scrap standard difference, but characteristics such as the high-quality steel scrap has that harmful element is few, the rate of recovery is high, easy handling, smelting speed are fast.The non-limiting example of high-quality steel scrap comprises the inner steel toe that reclaims of steel mill, it is useless etc. to roll.Here, cheap steel scrap is meant and has different shortcomings, or harmful element content height or density is low or size exceeds standard or the like steel scrap.The non-limiting example of cheap steel scrap comprises slag steel, jar group, jar iron, magnesium iron and beans steel etc.Auxiliary material package is drawn together: lime, light dolomite or MAG block etc., be the electric-arc furnace steelmaking slag making materials, and be used for electric arc furnace dephosphorization, the degassing and submerged arc etc., light dolomite or MAG block increase content of magnesia in the slag, play a part the protection furnace lining.
Because the defective of cheap steel scrap, therefore need carry out reasonably combinedly with high-quality steel scrap and molten iron, and adopt rational technology, thereby can reduce the harm that this type of steel scrap brings as far as possible, realize the resource circulation utilization.For example: when molten iron surpasses 60%, can suitably add slag steel and beans steel, both guarantee rhythm, can prevent again that molten iron is superfluous and cause the waste of heat; When producing sulphur free-cutting steel, can cooperate the adding magnesium iron, though the magnesium iron sulfur-bearing is higher, concerning sulphur free-cutting steel, element sulphur is a beneficial element, has therefore reduced the adding of subsequent handling sulphur iron, sulphur line etc.; When producing little square billet, it is slower to smelt rhythm, can add part lumpiness, larger-size steel scrap; When molten iron is on the low side, can suitably allocate the higher jar group of carbon containing, jar iron or the like into.
For the ease of smelting, in the preparation raw material process, should accomplish following some: fine and close down, go up loose, middle high, low, stove gate does not have aniseed all around.By raw material is distributed like this, have that electrode is easy to " wearing well ", the furnace wall is not easy advantages such as bridging and easy handling.
In utilizing the process of electric-arc furnace steelmaking,, will melt clear carbon, end point carbon and tapping temperature and be controlled in the following described scope according to different steel grades.Molten clear carbon: soft steel 〉=0.30%, medium carbon steel 〉=0.45%, high carbon steel 〉=0.60%.End point carbon: soft steel 〉=0.08%, medium and high carbon steel 〉=0.15%.Tapping temperature: 1530 ℃~1580 ℃ in soft steel, 1520 ℃~1570 ℃ in medium carbon steel, 1510 ℃~1560 ℃ in high carbon steel.Through after the electric arc furnace smelting, the pre-deoxidation of molten steel is good, is speiss or yellowish-white slag to refining position slag, and this has shown low dissolved oxygen content.In addition, the content of the alloying element in the molten steel behind the electric arc furnace smelting is all controlled by composition requirement of the present invention, the equal conformance with standard requirement of residual element content.
In the process of electric-arc furnace steelmaking, adopt different working method according to different iron water amounts, oxygen pressure situation.Specifically:
(1) when the molten iron amount of being blended into for more than or equal to 30% and when being no more than 40%, the strict counterweight of carrying out first and second (even three times) material is avoided binder.Omnidistance to send electricity, late oxygen blast; Temperature before 1530 ℃, epoxy or hypoxemia oxygen supply, the oxygen total flux is not more than 1500m 3/ h suitably increases surplus steel amount and recrement amount, and the whole process smelting of dusting.
(2) oxygen pressure is more than or equal to 1.0MPa and be no more than 1.2MPa, and the molten iron amount of being blended into is greater than 40% and be no more than 50%, Yu Gangliang be controlled at single stove tap greater than 15% and be no more than 30%, help early slagging, oxygen blast early, improve electric arc furnace dephosphorization efficient and oxygen utilization rate.Promptly send electricity after reinforced, do suitable adjustment according to molten clear carbon situation in actual production process, molten clear carbon is higher, increases the oxygen supply amount, otherwise, reduce the oxygen supply amount, guarantee not peroxidation of molten steel.
(3) oxygen pressure is greater than 1.2MPa and be no more than 1.4MPa: and the molten iron amount of being blended into is greater than 50% and be no more than 60%, suitably power failure oxygen blast in early stage.
(4) oxygen pressure is greater than 1.4MPa, and the molten iron amount of being blended into is greater than 60% and be no more than 70%, and oxygen blast fully has a power failure.
From the aforesaid operations method, as can be seen,,, so can reduce even interrupt supply of electric power fully because the heat that produces in the heat of molten iron itself and the oxygen blast process can be kept the temperature in the stove along with the molten iron amount of being blended into increases and oxygen pressure when raising.Therefore, utilize, can greatly reduce current consumption, thereby can cut down the consumption of energy, save production cost according to smelting process of the present invention.
After smelting is finished, the molten steel that obtains is transferred in the ladle.Usually, the ladle freeboard is greater than 600mm~700mm.For newly watering order 1,2 stoves, also suitably reduce tap usually according to producing needs.Also can add an amount of pre-deoxidant during tapping, and, suitably adjust the pre-deoxidant add-on according to actual terminal point situation by processing requirement.Suitably adjust tapping temperature according to smelting steel grade, tap hole size, ladle situation, rhythm situation before the tapping.Those skilled in the art can determine the add-on and the tapping temperature of reductor according to the expertise of its grasp.
In order further to improve the quality of molten steel, also need molten steel is carried out refining treatment.Wherein, can comprise ladle refining (LF) stove refining (103) and vacuum outgas (VD) stove refining (104), wherein, LF stove smelting cycle is not less than 32 minutes/stove, and the compressed steel time between LF stove and the VD stove is no more than 15 minutes.
In FL stove refining process, can add an amount of reductor and aluminum steel, guarantee LF stokehold phase deoxidation, can add slag making materials simultaneously and carry out slag making.After thin slag is made, constituent contents such as sampling analysis C, Mn, Si, S, P immediately, and add the reduction carbon dust.In whole smelting process, remain bell, oven door sealing is good, form fast to guarantee white slag.According to aluminium content, suitably adjust the silicon-calcium wire feed quantity before the tapping, carry out inclusion modification and handle.
1/2 to 2/3 of the refining slag quantity of slag in the ladle is taken off the quantity of slag and is in the processing of also can skimming before molten steel enters the VD stove.For different steel grades, can formulate different VD stove vacuum-treat and molten steel temperature in tundish control requirement according to the requirement in the technical manual.In VD stove vacuum-treat process, utilize argon gas that molten steel is carried out soft blow, wherein argon flow amount is 150L/min to 280L/min, argon pressure is 0.2MPa to 0.3Mpa, stirs phenomenon thereby guarantee not have big argon gas.After the vacuum-treat of VD stove, in molten steel, add insulating covering agent, and keep soft blow so that top of the slag fine motion, the time that soft blow keeps is 12 minutes to 30 minutes, then molten steel is carried out continuous casting.
In order further to improve efficiency of energy utilization, also can utilize the 4th hole dedusting pre-heating system to reclaim fume afterheat, enough improving the electric arc furnace dust removing effects, thereby realize that waste heat utilizes again.
The main purpose of bootstrap system is to make full use of fume afterheat, produces saturation steam, supplies with that the VD stove is produced or as other thermal source, thereby can reclaim electric arc furnace complementary energy substantially.
1200 ℃ of left and right sides high-temperature flue gas that electric arc furnace 201 produces are by mobile water-cooled flue, vertical gas pass, horizontal flue, enter combustion settling chamber 202, combustiblematerialss such as CO carry out secondary combustion in combustion settling chamber 202, and make after the macrobead sedimentation, and temperature is reduced to about 800 ℃; Flue gas enters heat pipe waste heat boiler 203 by high-temperature flue, and after heat exchange, flue-gas temperature drops to about 150 ℃, enters fly-ash separator 204 by pipeline then and carries out purifying and dedusting, enters atmosphere by blower fan 205 at last.In heat pipe waste heat boiler 203, soft water is heated to (wherein soft water enters waste heat boiler 203 by soft water station 210 through deoxygenator 211) about 200 ℃, produce saturation steam.The saturation steam that produces is sent into thermophore 206, is fed to VD stove 208 or is used as other thermal source 209 by sub-cylinder 207 then.
By above-mentioned bootstrap system, when the production of VD stove needs steam, can use the saturation steam of supplying with by thermophore 206, the steam that also holder 206 can be supplied with is as other thermal source simultaneously.Recycle a large amount of electric arc furnace waste heats on the one hand, another side also can solve the problem of flue gas ash removal.
After the vacuum-treat of VD stove, can carry out continuous casting to the molten steel of gained and handle (105), produce various steel strand is rolled (106).In order to produce the zero defect strand; actively push forward high-efficient continuous casting technology, also can in casting process, adopt ladle long nozzle and tundish submerged nozzle protection casting technique, large vol tundish technology, mold liquid level and secondary cooling water system automatic control technology, electromagnetic agitating technology, multi-point straightening technology, high frequency, little amplitude and non-sinusoidal Oscillation Technique of Mould, roller to be listed as reasonable fine and closely wovenization and many fulcrums metamerism roller technology etc.Real high yield, high quality, high reliability and the high benefit that realizes continuous caster.
Enforcement by a series of measures, make continuous caster stable state pouring technology obtain tangible result, through constantly research improvement, the stable state pouring technology that continuous caster is operating as the basis with " three perseverances " (permanent pulling rate, stationary temperature, constant level) has improved the cooperation consciousness of each operation of making steel, guaranteed the stable smooth operation of producing, guarantee strand hot-loading and hot-conveying rate, improved slab quality effectively, reduce ton steel production cost.
Described exemplary embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, yet those skilled in the art should understand that, under the situation that does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can carry out various modifications and change to embodiment, scope of the present invention limits in claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (10)

1. arc furnace steelmaking process, this method may further comprise the steps:
Preparation raw material, by weight, described raw material comprises 30% to 70% molten iron, 5% to 20% high-quality steel scrap, 20% to 45% cheap steel scrap and other auxiliary material of 4% to 5%;
Utilize electric arc furnace that raw material is refined into molten steel.
2. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 1, also be included in and refine into after the molten steel, utilize ladle refining furnace and vacuum degassing furnace that molten steel is carried out refining, wherein, the ladle refining furnace smelting cycle is not less than 32 minutes/stove, and the compressed steel time between ladle refining furnace and the vacuum degassing furnace is no more than 15 minutes.
3. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the processing of before molten steel enters vacuum degassing furnace, skimming, taking off the quantity of slag is 1/2 to 2/3 of the interior refining slag quantity of slag of ladle.
4. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 2, wherein, in the vacuum-treat process of vacuum degassing furnace, argon flow amount is 150L/min to 280L/min, argon pressure is 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa.
5. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 2 wherein, after the vacuum degassing furnace vacuum-treat, adds insulating covering agent, keeps soft blow so that top of the slag fine motion.
6. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the time of soft blow is 12 minutes to 30 minutes, then molten steel is carried out continuous casting.
7. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the saturation steam supply vacuum degassing furnace that utilizes the fume afterheat in the electric arc furnace to produce is produced required thermal source.
8. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, molten clear carbon content is: soft steel 〉=0.30%; Medium carbon steel 〉=0.45%; High carbon steel 〉=0.60%.
9. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, endpoint carbon content is: soft steel 〉=0.08%; Medium and high carbon steel 〉=0.15%.
10. arc furnace steelmaking process as claimed in claim 1, wherein, tapping temperature is: 1530 ℃ to 1580 ℃ in soft steel; 1520 ℃ to 1570 ℃ in medium carbon steel; 1510 ℃ to 1560 ℃ in high carbon steel.
CN2010105299666A 2010-11-03 2010-11-03 Arc furnace steelmaking method Expired - Fee Related CN101993972B (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103834861A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 320MPa low-temperature resistant hot-rolled H-shaped steel and preparation method thereof
CN103834860A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 235MPa-level low temperature resisting hot-rolled H-shaped steel and preparation method thereof
CN104004881A (en) * 2014-06-13 2014-08-27 常州东大中天钢铁研究院有限公司 Method for controlling nitrogen content in process of producing aluminium deoxidation high-carbon steel
CN115106497A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-09-27 河钢乐亭钢铁有限公司 Method for controlling vibration mark defect of continuous casting slab

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CN101545066A (en) * 2009-05-12 2009-09-30 攀钢集团成都钢铁有限责任公司 Method for smelting H2S corrosion resistant petroleum casing pipe steel 110S
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CN101451175A (en) * 2007-12-03 2009-06-10 舞阳钢铁有限责任公司 Smelting method of high level detecting steel
CN101545066A (en) * 2009-05-12 2009-09-30 攀钢集团成都钢铁有限责任公司 Method for smelting H2S corrosion resistant petroleum casing pipe steel 110S
CN101660019A (en) * 2009-09-28 2010-03-03 莱芜钢铁股份有限公司 Electric furnace burden process with high efficiency and low cost

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103834861A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 320MPa low-temperature resistant hot-rolled H-shaped steel and preparation method thereof
CN103834860A (en) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 235MPa-level low temperature resisting hot-rolled H-shaped steel and preparation method thereof
CN104004881A (en) * 2014-06-13 2014-08-27 常州东大中天钢铁研究院有限公司 Method for controlling nitrogen content in process of producing aluminium deoxidation high-carbon steel
CN115106497A (en) * 2022-06-14 2022-09-27 河钢乐亭钢铁有限公司 Method for controlling vibration mark defect of continuous casting slab

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