CN101993716A - New process and equipment for dehydrating viscous oil - Google Patents
New process and equipment for dehydrating viscous oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101993716A CN101993716A CN2009101637853A CN200910163785A CN101993716A CN 101993716 A CN101993716 A CN 101993716A CN 2009101637853 A CN2009101637853 A CN 2009101637853A CN 200910163785 A CN200910163785 A CN 200910163785A CN 101993716 A CN101993716 A CN 101993716A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new process and new equipment for dehydrating viscous oil, which belong to the field of petroleum exploration and development. The detailed description of the process and the equipment for dehydrating the viscous oil is shown as a specification. The process and the equipment for dehydrating the viscous have the characteristics that: the process comprises the following steps of: performing thermochemical settling dehydration by using a two-section demulsifier (shown as the patent specification), so that most of crude oil is dehydrated to reach the standard of tank oil; performing secondary thermochemical settling dehydration on concomitant intermediate layer aging oil difficult to dehydrate and aging oil recovered through wastewater treatment by using the demulsifier; and allowing the aging oil to enter a high-speed centrifugation system (shown as the patent specification), so that the aging oil is processed to reach the standard and returns to a crude oil transporting system, the commercialization rate of the crude oil is increased to the maximum extent, and the aims of converting sump oil resources, protecting environments and saving energy, investment and operating cost are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel process and equipment of heavy oil dehydration, belong to oil exploration and development fields.Its technology, equipment characteristic are: use emulsion splitter (patent description is arranged in addition) heat chemistry settling, obtain most of crude oil up to standard.The slurry tank middle layer oil-water mixture, one section, the two sections sewage disposal refiltered oils (abbreviation ageing oil) that have a strong impact on dehydration are mixed, secondary carries out preliminary treatment with emulsion splitter (patent description is arranged in addition) heat chemistry settling technology, use specialized high-speed whizzer (patent description is arranged in addition) to handle again, crude oil water containing after the processing reaches the dewatering process requirement, can return and mix petroleum tank up to standard, make the finished product crude oil exporting.The invention solves the reluctant problem of " three high one is low " viscous crude association ageing oil, and whole heavy oil dehydration process optimization is simplified.
Technical background
Because Gong the utilization of conventional crude reduces day by day, heavy crude is exploited and has been applied to helpless selection.Although it is the reserves of whole world heavy crude (viscous crude) surpass 60,000,000,000,000 tons, how economical, develop, utilize this part resource to be still a difficult problem efficiently.The present invention needs in conjunction with producing, and has studied a kind of novel process and equipment of heavy oil dehydration.
The general viscosity height of viscous crude, density height, gum asphaltic content height, zero pour low (being commonly called as " three high is low "), extraction liquid is stable, is difficult to breaking emulsion and dewatering." Study on High Viscosity Heavy Oil Dehydration Technology " oil-gas field surface engineering 1997/01, " High Viscosity Heavy Oil Dehydration Technology new technological process " oil-gas field surface engineering 1998/02 etc. adopt two sections high temperature thermo-chemical setting dihydration+electro-dewatering technologies, plan crude oil water containing and drop to the separator oil standard, but electrical dehydrator is unstable all the time, can only throw aside, by mixing about 30% thin oil, keep production, but still about 300 tons/day ageing oil of association can't be handled.
" technical study of efficient thick-oil dewatering process and application " petroleum geology and engineering 2008/06,200520105637.3 " a kind of oil, gas, water and sand four-phase separator " etc. utilize the eddy flow principle to invent a kind of oil, gas, water and sand four-phase separator, part has solved the heavy blockage problem of sand in the heavy oil dehydration production, but the problem of " three high one is low " viscous crude association ageing oil is not related to.
200610000171.X " a kind of super viscous crude, heavy oil dehydration method " adopted 2 kinds of alkyl phenol ether type tensio-active agents (emulsion splitter) and MgCl
4, NH
4Cl, FeCl
3, AlCl4 kind inorganic salt, be mixed with uniform solution; After the solution for preparing entered interchanger, enter mixed-phase device with emulsion splitter, pre-dehydrating agent and mix, after the inorganic salt in the product are dissolved in the oil-water mixture, increased the polarity of water, make the milk sap in the oil-water mixture be easy to breakdown of emulsion; Simultaneously, strengthen the profit density difference, reached the purpose of accelerating oily water separation speed in the heat chemistry settling.But a large amount of inorganic salt use, and have increased the dehydrating of crude oil cost, and simultaneously, it also is a problem that saline sewage is handled.
200510046330.5 " a kind of technological process of thermochemistry dehydrating for ultra thick oil " adopted the static deposition dehydrating of thermochemistry and adopted thermal oil is thermal barrier indirect heating mode and node tubular type heat-exchanger rig, to surpass during dehydration and add certain density LH-2 or the molten emulsion splitter of RS-2 oil in the viscous crude, and make the crude oil water content after the dehydration sedimentation reach 3~5% standards.But take off back crude oil and fail to reach the separator oil standard.
The present invention uses two sections emulsion splitter thermo-chemical setting dihydrations earlier, make most of dehydrating of crude oil reach the tank oil standard, with the middle layer ageing oil of the association of difficulty dehydration and sewage disposal reclaim ageing oil through secondary emulsion splitter thermo-chemical setting dihydration after, enter the high speed centrifugation system, ageing oil is also handled up to standard the most at last, return and mix the crude oil exporting system, improve crude oil commercialization rate to greatest extent.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to invent a kind of novel process and equipment of heavy oil dehydration, make the heavy oil dehydration Processes and apparatus simplify more, optimize; Make the dehydrating of crude oil compliance rate higher, it is better that profit is handled benefit; Make that dewatering unit is simpler, floor space is littler, facility investment is lower, processing cost is lower, will mix living sump oil resource utilization and transform, reduce safety, the environmental protection pressure in oil field, and significantly improve the economic benefit in oil field.
The present invention realizes goal of the invention by following measure:
1, processing parameter (mass ratio):
One section thermo-chemical setting dihydration processing parameter:
Come liquid temp: 55-65 ℃
Treatment process temperature: 80-85 ℃
The residence time: 24h
Emulsion splitter adds dose: 100ppm
Two sections thermo-chemical setting dihydration processing parameters:
Come liquid temp: 75-85 ℃
Treatment process temperature: 80-85 ℃
The residence time: 48h
Emulsion splitter adds dose: 100ppm
Ageing oil treatment process parameter:
Come liquid temp: 75-85 ℃
Treatment process temperature: 80-85 ℃
The surge tank residence time: 8-10h
Emulsion splitter adds dose: 200ppm
Centrifuge speed: 3000 change Min
2, production method
Viscous crude crude oil extraction liquid (about 60 ℃) through static mixer, adds emulsion splitter, and dosage 100ppm advances one section well heater to 80-85 ℃, and heating mixes, and advances one section heat chemistry settling jar again, stops deposition dehydrating about 24 hours.The medium crude oil (moisture 2.0-20%) of deviating from portion water is by the top overflow port, through second-heating, add emulsion splitter, advances two sections slurry tanks; The one section sewage in bottom advances the sewage surge tank; About 200-500 side middle layer ageing oil is evacuated to aging oil tank.
Medium crude oil (moisture 10-30%) at two sections heat chemistry settling jars, stopped deposition dehydrating about 48 hours after heating, adding the emulsion splitter mixing.Crude oil up to standard after the dehydration (moisture 0.5-1.5%) has entered oil tank by the top overflow port; The two sections sewage in bottom advance the sewage surge tank; The two sections middle layer ageing oils in about 200-500 side are evacuated to aging oil tank.
The sewage surge tank comes liquid after static mixer adds the emulsion splitter mixing, advances jar sedimentation and divides oil, and bottom water advances advanced treatment of wastewater, and top oil is received extremely aging oil tank.
Mix ageing oil (about 800 side/skies, moisture 50%) and be heated to 80-85 ℃, and add emulsion splitter by static mixer, dosage 200ppm, heating mixes, advance the ageing oil slurry tank, stop dehydration about 10-24 hour at the ageing oil slurry tank, top oil spill stream is delivered to the centrifuge dehydration unit, and bottom water advances the sewage surge tank.
At centrifugal unit, ageing oil is divided into three-phase under the booster action of high speed centrifugation power, and oil (moisture 0.5-3.0%) has advanced oil tank, mixes outer defeated; Water advances the sewage surge tank; Mud reclaims, harmless treatment.
3, device dewatering
Install one section dewatering and see Table 1, the overflow medium crude oil is moisture to be about 2.3%.
Install two sections dewaterings and see Table 2, overflow the finished product crude oil water containing and be about 0.25%.
Heat chemistry settling+centrifugal treating ageing oil the results are shown in Table 3, handles back ageing oil moisture average 0.78%.
Finally a cold separator oil is moisture is lower than 0.5%.
4, industrial application
The present invention is in conjunction with certain oil field cold one existing technology and equipment, and external two cover heat chemistry settling+centrifugal treating ageing oil systems carry out industrial experiment, and wherein the performance of a cover sees Table 3.
Description of drawings (with technical process description of drawings heavy oil dehydration novel process and equipment)
1, one section breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydration
Crude oil Produced Liquid (about 60 ℃, moisture about 50%) advances one section oil-water process system through header, before advancing tank, by static mixer, add demulsifier (about 100ppm) earlier, arrive 80-85 ℃ by the heat exchanger heat exchange, enter again one section Crude Oil Settling Dehydration tank (being called for short one section settling tank), one section settling tank on average stopped 24 hours, the medium crude oil of preliminary treatment, moisture about 2-20%, by the top overfall, enter two sections dehydrations; Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding demulsifier; Intermediate layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) enters the ageing oil tank through header, static mixer, after adding demulsifier.
2, two sections breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydrations
(about 75-80 ℃ of the medium crude oil of one section overflow, moisture about 2-20%) passes through static mixer, add demulsifier (about 100ppm), to 80-85 ℃, enter again two sections Crude Oil Settling Dehydration tanks (being called for short two sections settling tanks) by the heat exchanger heat exchange, on average stopped 48 hours at two sections settling tanks, crude oil after the processing, moisture about 0.2-1.5% by the top overfall, has entered oil tank (commodity oil tank); Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding demulsifier; Intermediate layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) enters the ageing oil tank through header, static mixer, after adding demulsifier.
3, one section sewage disposal
One section settling tank sewage, two sections settling tank sewage, aging oil tank bottom water, centrifugation sewage become reconciled oil tank bottom water through static mixer, add demulsifier, advance the sewage surge tank, stopped 10-24 hour at sewage surge tank (one section sewage treatment pot), upper strata oil slick and two sections sewage disposal skimmings converge, and squeeze into aging oil tank. Bottom sewage advances two sections sewage disposal systems.
4, heat chemistry settling+centrifugal treating ageing oil
One section settling tank comes ageing oil, two sections settling tanks to come ageing oil, one section, two sections sewage disposal recovered oils, and header mixes, is heated to 80-85 ℃, add demulsifier after, advance aging oil tank. Stopped 10-24 hour at aging oil tank, breakdown of emulsion and separating part water, bottom water is advanced the sewage surge tank; Top oil pumps into supercentrifuge through overfall; At centrifuge, ageing oil is divided into oil, water, mud three-phase, after oil reaches technological standards, has squeezed into oil tank, and it is defeated outward to make commodity; Water advances the sewage surge tank; The mud outward transport, harmless treatment.
Embodiment
Enumerate an industrial implementation example below, be illustrated (embodiment explains the present invention, is not construed as limiting the invention, unless this is explained in addition):
Embodiment 1
1, one section breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydration
The oily company in certain oil field crude oil extraction liquid (about 60 ℃, moisture about 70%) advances one section profit treatment system through header, before advancing jar, by static mixer, add emulsion splitter (about 100ppm) earlier, arrive 80-85 ℃ by the interchanger heat exchange, enter one section crude oil deposition dehydrating jar (being called for short one section slurry tank) again, one section slurry tank on average stopped 24 hours, the medium crude oil of preliminary treatment, moisture about 2-10%, by the top overflow port, enter two sections dehydrations; Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter; Middle layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) (300-400 side/day, moisture about 56%) enters the ageing oil jar through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter.
2, two sections breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydrations
(about 75-80 ℃ of the medium crude oil of one section overflow, moisture about 2-10%) passes through static mixer, add emulsion splitter (about 100ppm), to 80-85 ℃, enter two sections crude oil deposition dehydrating jars (being called for short two sections slurry tanks) by the interchanger heat exchange again, on average stopped 48 hours at two sections slurry tanks, crude oil after the processing, moisture about 0.25%, by the top overflow port, entered oil tank (commodity oil tank); Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter; Middle layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) (300-400 side/day, moisture about 50%) enters the ageing oil jar through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter.
3, one section sewage disposal
At the bottom of one section slurry tank sewage, two sections slurry tank sewage, the aging oil tank water, centrifugation sewage become reconciled at the bottom of the oil tank water through static mixer, add emulsion splitter, advance the sewage surge tank, stopped 10-24 hour at sewage surge tank (one section sewage treatment pot), upper strata oil slick and two sections sewage disposal skimmings converge (about 280-300 side/day, moisture about 70%), squeezes into aging oil tank.Bottom sewage advances two sections Sewage treatment systemss.
4, heat chemistry settling+centrifugal treating ageing oil
One section slurry tank comes ageing oil, two sections slurry tanks to come ageing oil, one section, two sections sewage disposal refiltered oils, and header mixes, is heated to 80-85 ℃, add emulsion splitter after, advance aging oil tank.Stopped 10-24 hour at aging oil tank, breakdown of emulsion and separate part water, bottom water is advanced the sewage surge tank; Top oil (moisture 36-40%) pumps into the high-speed dish piece whizzer through overflow port; At whizzer, ageing oil is divided into oil, water, mud three-phase, and oil has been squeezed into oil tank after reaching technological standards (moisture≤3%), mixes with two sections dehydrated oils, and it is defeated outward to make commodity; Water advances the sewage surge tank; The mud outward transport, harmless treatment.
Table 1, the moisture cartogram of viscous crude thermo-chemical setting dihydration jar (a section)
Jar position (m) | A certain |
14 | 2.2 |
13 | 2.3 |
12 | 2.4 |
11 | 3.0 |
10 | 3.4 |
9 | 10 |
8 | 15 |
7 | 100 |
6 | 100 |
5 | 100 |
4 | 100 |
3 | 100 |
2 | 100 |
1 | 100 |
Position, middle layer (m) | 7.3 |
Intermediate layer thickness (m) | 0.4 |
Middle layer amount (m 3) | 204 |
Middle layer moisture (%) | 50 |
Table 2, the moisture cartogram of viscous crude heat chemistry settling jar (two sections)
Jar position (m) | A certain |
14 | 0.2 |
13 | 0.2 |
12 | 0.25 |
11 | 0.25 |
10 | 0.3 |
9 | 0.5 |
8 | 1.2 |
7 | 2.0 |
6 | 3.0 |
5 | 4.0 |
4 | 5.0 |
3 | 8.0 |
2 | 20 |
1 | 100 |
Position, middle layer (m) | 1.25 |
Intermediate layer thickness (m) | 0.5 |
Middle layer amount (m 3) | 345 |
Middle layer moisture (%) | 50 |
Table 3, a certain ageing oil dehydration field test data table
Trial sheet people: Zhu on June 23rd, 2009
Processing parameter: oil phase pressure 0 water pressure 0.05mpa
Time | Treatment capacity (m 3/h) | Add dose (PPM) | Feeding temperature (℃) | Viscous crude moisture (%) | Handle back crude oil water containing (%) | Sewage with oil (mg/L) |
10:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.9666 | 582 |
11:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.9865 | 439 |
12:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.5865 | 460 |
13:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.80 | |
14:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.75 | 453 |
15:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.60 | |
16:00 | 2.0 | 200 | 80 | 51 | 0.48 | 440 |
Claims (5)
1. the novel process of a heavy oil dehydration and equipment.This Processes and apparatus makes the heavy oil dehydration Processes and apparatus simplify more, optimize; Make the dehydrating of crude oil compliance rate higher, it is better that profit is handled benefit; Make that dewatering unit is simpler, floor space is littler, facility investment is littler, processing cost is lower, will mix living sump oil resource utilization and transform, reduce safety, the environmental protection pressure in oil field, and significantly improve the economic benefit in oil field.
2. the invention is characterized in earlier with two sections emulsion splitters (patent description is arranged in addition) thermo-chemical setting dihydration, make most of dehydrating of crude oil reach the tank oil standard, with the middle layer ageing oil of the association of difficulty dehydration and sewage disposal reclaim ageing oil through secondary emulsion splitter thermo-chemical setting dihydration after, enter high speed centrifugation system (patent description is arranged in addition), ageing oil is also handled up to standard the most at last, go back to the crude oil exporting system of mixing, improve crude oil commercialization rate to greatest extent, reach the conversion of sump oil resource utilization, environmental protection, energy-conservation, reduce investment outlay and the purpose of running cost.
3. according to the novel process and the equipment of right 1 described heavy oil dehydration, it is characterized in that heavy oil dehydration earlier with sophisticated two sections emulsion splitter thermo-chemical setting dihydration technologies, makes most of heavy oil dehydration reach the tank oil standard.Only will be difficult to dewater, can not return the middle layer ageing oil of the system of mixing and sewage disposal and reclaim ageing oil and advance centrifugation systems and further handle up to standardly, can reduce investment outlay, running cost, and the association sump oil will be converted into the separator oil of high value.
4. according to the novel process and the equipment of right 1 described heavy oil dehydration, it is characterized in that using a kind of ageing oil emulsion splitter (patent description is arranged in addition), can make ageing oil at the abundant breakdown of emulsion of ageing oil surge tank.
5. according to the novel process and the equipment of right 1 described heavy oil dehydration, it is characterized in that using a kind of three-phase supercentrifuge (patent description is arranged in addition), be used for the separation of oil, water, mud.Whizzer can be horizontal screw centrifuge, disk plate centrifuge or other whizzer.
According to the novel process and the equipment of right 1 described heavy oil dehydration, it is characterized in that dewatering process is as follows:
1), one section breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydration
Crude oil extraction liquid (about 60 ℃, moisture about 50%) advances one section profit treatment system through header, before advancing jar, by static mixer, add emulsion splitter (about 100ppm) earlier, arrive 80-85 ℃ by the interchanger heat exchange, enter one section crude oil deposition dehydrating jar (being called for short one section slurry tank) again, one section slurry tank on average stopped 24 hours, the medium crude oil of preliminary treatment, moisture about 5-20%, by the top overflow port, enter two sections dehydrations; Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter; Middle layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) enters the ageing oil jar through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter.
2), two sections breakdown of emulsion thermo-chemical setting dihydrations
(about 75-80 ℃ of the medium crude oil of one section overflow, moisture about 5-20%) passes through static mixer, add emulsion splitter (about 100ppm), to 80-85 ℃, enter two sections crude oil deposition dehydrating jars (being called for short two sections slurry tanks) by the interchanger heat exchange again, on average stopped 48 hours at two sections slurry tanks, crude oil after the processing, moisture about 0.2-1.5% by the top overflow port, has entered oil tank (commodity oil tank); Bottom sewage enters the sewage surge tank through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter; Middle layer highly aqueous (abbreviation ageing oil) enters the ageing oil jar through header, static mixer, after adding emulsion splitter.
3), one section sewage disposal
At the bottom of one section slurry tank sewage, two sections slurry tank sewage, the aging oil tank water, centrifugation sewage become reconciled at the bottom of the oil tank water through static mixer, add emulsion splitter, advance the sewage surge tank, stopped 10-24 hour at sewage surge tank (one section sewage treatment pot), upper strata oil slick and two sections sewage disposal skimmings converge, and squeeze into aging oil tank.Bottom sewage advances two sections Sewage treatment systemss.
4), heat chemistry settling+centrifugal treating ageing oil
One section slurry tank comes ageing oil, two sections slurry tanks to come ageing oil, one section, two sections sewage disposal refiltered oils, and header mixes, is heated to 80-85 ℃, add emulsion splitter after, advance aging oil tank.Stopped 10-24 hour at aging oil tank, breakdown of emulsion and separate part water, bottom water is advanced the sewage surge tank; Top oil pumps into supercentrifuge through overflow port; At whizzer, ageing oil is divided into oil, water, mud three-phase, after oil reaches technological standards, has squeezed into oil tank, and it is defeated outward to make commodity; Water advances the sewage surge tank; The mud outward transport, harmless treatment.
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CN116333779A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Thickened oil dehydration method and dehydration system |
CN115838606A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-24 | 天津市正方科技发展有限公司 | Treatment method of viscous aging oil |
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C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
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Application publication date: 20110330 |