CN101990935B - Method for preventing pericarp of post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning - Google Patents
Method for preventing pericarp of post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning Download PDFInfo
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- CN101990935B CN101990935B CN201010579630A CN201010579630A CN101990935B CN 101990935 B CN101990935 B CN 101990935B CN 201010579630 A CN201010579630 A CN 201010579630A CN 201010579630 A CN201010579630 A CN 201010579630A CN 101990935 B CN101990935 B CN 101990935B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing pericarp of post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting freshly picked Huangguan pears and putting into a sealed container which can bear higher pressure at the temperature of between 15 and 35 DEG C; vacuumizing the container so as to ensure that the vacuum degree is 0.001 to 0.06MPa, and treating the pears for 3 to 240 minutes; releasing the vacuum state; and directly reducing the temperature, delaying to reduce the temperature or slowly reducing the temperature to a low temperature under normal pressure. The method can well inhibit the pericarp of the post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning, has the fresh-keeping effect obviously superior to that of the conventional slow temperature-reducing method in production, and has the characteristics of safety and no toxicity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fresh-keeping field of postharvest fruit and vegetable, particularly a kind of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears that prevent are adopted the method for back pericarp browning.
Background technology
Yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears quality is superior, liked by consumers in general, is one of main breed of China's pears.Yet the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are in mature period and storage early stage, and fruit surface is prone to the pericarp foxiness takes place, and is irregularly shaped, like shank, so name " shank disease ".Sick fruit exterior quality extreme difference, commodity value reduces greatly, often orchard worker and fresh-keeping enterprise is caused very large economy loss.
In order to keep the quality of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears, need be cooled to as early as possible about 0 ℃ after adopting.Yet adopting back rapid cooling can obviously increase the weight of to occur again pericarp browning is that shank is sick.
The method of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest the operatic circle skin brown stain mainly is slow cooling in preventing to preserve in the commodity production at present; This method has suppressed the brown stain of pericarp more effectively, but its operation bothers, and cooling needs 15～20 days; Because cooling is slow; The pears quality obviously reduces, and storage later stage or outbound shelf stage rotting rate, the withered rate of carpopodium are all higher, and the fruit taste is also bad.
In the document at home and abroad, less about the information that suppresses the brown stain of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears postharvest storage mesocarp, the method that alleviates pericarp browning also has precooling, controlled atmosphere, soaks calcium, 1-MCP handles etc., and having single method to handle also has complex method to handle.Precooling treatment is the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears to be put in be higher than under the reserve temperature condition, for example 8 ℃, behind 5～10d, reduce to low temperature again, and the method is similar to slow cooling, also is to alleviate brown stain through alleviating thermal stimulus.This method also has cooling slow, and the problem of complex operation also can influence the quality of pears.Forefathers use too high CO in test
2Exudative type PE preservative film, common PE preservative film, modified form PVC fresh-preserving film, functional low-density polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride preservative film carry out controlled atmosphere to be handled, and controlled atmosphere is handled the brown stain that has alleviated yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest the operatic circle skin to a certain extent.The controlled atmosphere method requires high to packaging material, packing method, effect is limited.Calcium ability delayed fruit is old and feeble, reduces physiological disease, suppresses the inner brown stain of fruit.One Chinese patent application CN200910227838.3 has reported that soaking calcium handles and can alleviate the brown stain of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest the operatic circle skin, apple after the harvesting discovered, pears is arranged with 500～1000nLL
-1Stifling 18～24 hours of 1-MCP, and then with 3～6% CaCl
2Aqueous solution soaking 3～5 minutes, pull drying out after, by conventional method refrigeration, this composite methods has kept good storage quality, but prevents that the pericarp browning effect is limited, and more loaded down with trivial details.
Adopt a kind of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest the operatic circle skin generation brown stain but also simple to operate and can to keep the method for good storage quality be very necessary that not only can prevent.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that suppresses the brown stain of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest the operatic circle skin, this method safety, convenience can control effectively to the brown stain of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears storage mesocarp and keep good storage quality.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
In order to reach this purpose, we have carried out a large amount of experiments, comprise selection and the use or the like of time and antistaling agent of speed, the Preservation Treatment of temperature, humidity, the cooling of storage.The discovery that we are taken aback through application of vacuum, can be controlled the brown stain of storage mesocarp with the operatic circle effectively.The selection of vacuum and vacuum processing time are most important to the effect of invention, and we have carried out a large amount of experiments and have just found appropriate condition.
A kind of yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears that prevent are adopted the method for back pericarp browning, it is characterized in that, the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are adopted the first application of vacuum 3～240min in back, under condition of normal pressure, directly lower the temperature, postpone cooling or slowly be cooled to low temperature again.
In the present technique scheme, described application of vacuum, its condition is: vacuum is absolute pressure 0.001～0.06MPa, and vacuum processing time is 3～240min, and treatment temperature is 15～35 ℃.Vacuum and vacuum processing time are relevant with the pears maturity, and maturity is low, and vacuum must be high, and promptly absolute pressure is lower, or the processing time is longer; Maturity is high, and vacuum is lower or the processing time is shorter.
In the present technique scheme, described direct cooling is meant directly reduces to pears-2～+ 2 ℃.Directly cooling is suitable for the pears of medium or high maturity.The pears of low-maturity after the high vacuum of 0.001～0.006MPa, can directly be lowered the temperature, and through 0.006MPa＜absolute pressure≤0.06MPa application of vacuum, need to postpone cooling or slowly cooling;
In the present technique scheme, described delay cooling be the pears of low-maturity, through 0.006MPa＜absolute pressure≤0.06MPa application of vacuum, under 15～35 ℃ of the normal temperature, behind placement 12～72h, reduces to-2～+ 2 ℃ again;
In the present technique scheme, described slow cooling is the pears of low-maturity, and after 0.006MPa＜absolute pressure≤0.06MPa application of vacuum, slow cooling during since 5～10 ℃ is reduced to-2～+ 2 ℃ gradually through 5～10d;
In the present technique scheme, used the operatic circle should be no pericarp foxiness, do not have machinery hinder, do not have rot, fresh the operatic circle that no wilting dehydration, harvesting are no more than 48h.
In the present technique scheme, be used to keep the equipment of vacuum state, should bear the negative pressure of 1 kg/cm, material therefor should meet food safety requirements.
In the present technique scheme, after the operatic circle application of vacuum finishes, pack again, storage or transportation and sale.
Principle of the present invention is based on our for many years theoretical study results in the past, and promptly to adopt the epidermis brown stain (shank is sick) that the back fast cooling causes be to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the physiological disease that adverse environmental factor causes to the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears, and a kind ofly coerces processing and possibly suppress the generation that another kind is coerced.Infer in view of the above; Handle with this adverse environmental factor of application of vacuum (the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears grow in condition of normal pressure); Might offset damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature that fast cooling causes and coerce, can fast cooling after making the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears adopt or shorten the slowly time of cooling, solve in the past the quality that slowly cooling causes and reduce problem.Through overtesting, this deduction has obtained confirmation, and has obtained ideal effect.
Because the beneficial effect that has adopted said method, the present invention to obtain is:
The one, suppress the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears well and adopted the back pericarp browning; The 2nd, good refreshing effect, the operatic circle edible quality obviously are superior to producing at present the slow cool-down method of going up use; The 3rd,, this method is a physical method, safety non-toxic.
The specific embodiment:
The following example is to further specify of the present invention, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Embodiment 1:
1. pre-treatment: (be applied to crosscut fruit face with 0.05～0.1mol/L iodine liquid, the dyeing fruit accounts for total fruit number fruit rate 0～20% that promptly dyes, hardness 3.9～4.15Kgcm to high maturity
-2) the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears pluck after, select size evenly, no pericarp foxiness does not have machinery wounds, no disease and pest, the lopsided the operatic circle of nothing.1～2 layer of tin foil of single fruit packing, the cover net.
2. application of vacuum: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, under the normal pressure, the operatic circle is put into withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, the open vacuum pump makes that absolute pressure reaches 0.001MPa in withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, keeps 3min.
3. packing: after application of vacuum finished, vacuum state was removed in the slow air inlet of container, takes out the operatic circle then, and the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are packed in the carton of liner PE freshness protection package, and the operatic circle is separated with partition, folding fresh-keeping sack, carton seals.
4. storage: rapidly the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears of vanning are put into the freezer storage, temperature of ice house is controlled at-1 ℃～0 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60～70%.
The yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears that adopt this method to handle were preserved to 8 months, no pericarp brown stain, and taste of fruit is dense; Do not have and rot, and control group 1 (fruit is directly reduced to-1 ℃～0 ℃ without vacuum) pericarp browning rate reaches 23%; (fruit is without vacuum for control group 2; Put into 8-9 ℃ of storehouse, fell 1 ℃ in per two days) no brown stain, but rotting rate reaches 32%.
Embodiment 2: (be applied to crosscut fruit face with 0.05～0.1mol/L iodine liquid, the dyeing fruit accounts for total fruit number fruit rate 0-20% that promptly dyes, hardness 3.9-4.15Kgcm to high maturity
-2) the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears pluck after, application of vacuum condition: absolute pressure 0.01MPa, handling duration 6 minutes.Other operations are identical with embodiment 1.The pears storage reached the fresh-keeping effect of embodiment 1 in 8 months.
Embodiment 3: (be applied to crosscut fruit face with 0.05～0.1mol/L iodine liquid, the dyeing fruit accounts for total fruit number fruit rate 0-20% that promptly dyes, hardness 4.13Kgcm to high maturity
-2) the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears pluck after, application of vacuum condition: absolute pressure 0.05MPa, handling duration 60 minutes.Other operations are identical with embodiment 1.The pears storage reached the fresh-keeping effect of embodiment 1 in 8 months.
Embodiment 4: application of vacuum condition: absolute pressure 0.03MPa, and handling duration 35 minutes, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 1, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 1 in 8 months.
Embodiment 5:
1. pre-treatment: (be applied to crosscut fruit face with 0.05～0.1mol/L iodine liquid, the dyeing fruit accounts for total fruit number fruit rate 30～80% that promptly dyes, hardness 4.2～5.2Kgcm to moderate maturity
-2) the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears pluck after, select size evenly, no pericarp foxiness does not have machinery wounds, no disease and pest, the lopsided the operatic circle of nothing, overlaps net.
2. application of vacuum: 24～26 ℃ of temperature, under the normal pressure, the operatic circle is put into withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, the open vacuum pump makes that absolute pressure reaches 0.01MPa in withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, keeps 10min.
3. packing: after application of vacuum finished, vacuum state was removed in the slow air inlet of container, takes out the operatic circle then, and the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are packed in the carton of liner PE freshness protection package, and the operatic circle is separated with partition, folding fresh-keeping sack, carton seals.
4. storage: rapidly the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears of vanning are put into the freezer storage, temperature of ice house is controlled at-1 ℃～0 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60～70%.
The yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears that adopt this method to handle were preserved to 8 months, no pericarp brown stain, and taste of fruit is dense; Do not have and rot, and control group 1 (fruit is directly reduced to-1 ℃～0 ℃ without vacuum) pericarp browning rate reaches 45%; (fruit is without vacuum for control group 2; Put into 8-9 ℃ of storehouse, fell 1 ℃ in per two days) no brown stain, but rotting rate reaches 25%.
Embodiment 6, application of vacuum condition: absolute pressure 0.001MPa, and handling duration 35 minutes, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 4, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 4 in 8 months.
Embodiment 7, application of vacuum condition: absolute pressure 0.06MPa, and handling duration 240 minutes, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 4, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 4 in 8 months.
Embodiment 8
1. pre-treatment: (be applied to crosscut fruit face with 0.05～0.1mol/L iodine liquid, the dyeing fruit accounts for total fruit number fruit rate 81～100% that promptly dyes, hardness 5.3～5.6Kgcm to low-maturity
-2) the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears pluck after, select size evenly, no pericarp foxiness does not have machinery wounds, no disease and pest, the lopsided the operatic circle of nothing.1 layer of tin foil of single fruit packing.
2. application of vacuum: 28～34 ℃ of temperature, under the normal pressure, the operatic circle is put into withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, the open vacuum pump makes that absolute pressure reaches 0.001MPa in withstand voltage vacuum tank or other pressure vessels, keeps 10 minutes.
3. packing: after application of vacuum finished, vacuum state was removed in the slow air inlet of container, takes out the operatic circle then, and the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are packed in the carton of lined with PVC freshness protection package, and the operatic circle is separated with partition, folding fresh-keeping sack, carton seals.
4. storage: rapidly the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears of vanning are put into-2 ℃～-1 ℃ storage, humidity is controlled at 60～70%.
The yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears that adopt this method to handle were preserved to 8 months, no pericarp brown stain, and taste of fruit is dense; Do not have to rot, and control group 1 (fruit is directly reduced to 0 ℃～1 ℃ without vacuum; Other operations are with the application of vacuum group) the pericarp browning rate reaches 100%, and (fruit is put into 8～9 ℃ of storehouses without vacuum to control group 2; Fell 1 ℃ in per two days, other are operated with the application of vacuum group) browning rate 40%, rotting rate reaches 27%.
Embodiment 9, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.003MPa, keeps 60 minutes, and the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 10, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.006MPa, keeps 240 minutes, and the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 11, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.01MPa; Kept 10 minutes, and put into 8-9 ℃ of storehouse after the application of vacuum, fall 1 ℃ every day; Reduced to-2 ℃～-1 ℃ through 5 days, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 12, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.03MPa, keeps 50 minutes; After the application of vacuum, pears are put in 5 ℃～6 ℃ storehouses, fell 1 ℃ in per 1 day; Reduce to-1～-2 ℃ after 7 days, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 13, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.04MPa, keeps 90 minutes; After the application of vacuum, pears are put in 9 ℃～10 ℃ storehouses, fell 1 ℃ in per 1 day; Reduce to 1～2 ℃ after 8 days, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 14, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.06MPa, keeps 240 minutes, and the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 15, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.06MPa; Kept 240 minutes, after the application of vacuum, 15 ℃ of normal temperature held 72h; Directly reduce to 0 ℃～1 ℃ again, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 16, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.06MPa; Kept 240 minutes, after the application of vacuum, 25 ℃ of normal temperature held 12h; Directly reduce to 0 ℃～1 ℃ again, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Embodiment 17, the application of vacuum condition, and absolute pressure reaches 0.06MPa; Kept 240 minutes, after the application of vacuum, 35 ℃ of normal temperature held 24h; Directly reduce to 0 ℃～1 ℃ again, the maturity of pears and other operations are with embodiment 8, and the pears storage reached the effect of embodiment 8 in 8 months.
Claims (1)
1. one kind prevents that the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears from adopting the method for back pericarp browning, it is characterized in that the yellow hat worn by a Taoist priest pears are adopted the first application of vacuum certain hour in back, under condition of normal pressure, directly lower the temperature, postpone to lower the temperature or slowly be cooled to low temperature again; The application of vacuum condition does, vacuum is absolute pressure 0.001～0.06MPa, and treatment temperature is 15～35 ℃, time 3～240min; Described direct cooling is meant the pears of medium or high maturity, after the application of vacuum, directly reduces to-2-+2 ℃; Or the pears of low-maturity, after 0.001～0.006MPa high vacuum, directly be cooled to-2-+2 ℃; Described delay cooling is meant the pears of low-maturity, after 0.006MPa＜absolute pressure≤0.06MPa application of vacuum, under normal temperature 15-35 ℃, place 12～72h after, reduce to again-2-+2 ℃; Described slow cooling is meant the pears of low-maturity, after 0.006MPa＜absolute pressure≤0.06MPa application of vacuum, since 5～10 ℃ of slowly coolings, reduces to-2～+ 2 ℃ gradually through 5～10d.
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| CN201010579630A CN101990935B (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for preventing pericarp of post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning |
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| CN201010579630A CN101990935B (en) | 2010-12-09 | 2010-12-09 | Method for preventing pericarp of post-harvest Huangguan pears from browning |
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| CN101990935B true CN101990935B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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| CN102845514A (en) * | 2012-09-22 | 2013-01-02 | 山东营养源食品科技有限公司 | Method for inhibiting Huangguan pear pericarp browning |
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| CN1784988A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2006-06-14 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for storage and preservation of pear |
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Patent Citations (3)
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| CN1784988A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2006-06-14 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for storage and preservation of pear |
| CN1810130A (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2006-08-02 | 王学密 | Nangu pear preserving and browning preventing technology |
| CN101310604A (en) * | 2008-07-09 | 2008-11-26 | 河北省农林科学院遗传生理研究所 | Keeping-freshness storage method suitable for bagging pear |
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