CN101986758A - Method for positioning wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Method for positioning wireless sensor network Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101986758A
CN101986758A CN2010105384866A CN201010538486A CN101986758A CN 101986758 A CN101986758 A CN 101986758A CN 2010105384866 A CN2010105384866 A CN 2010105384866A CN 201010538486 A CN201010538486 A CN 201010538486A CN 101986758 A CN101986758 A CN 101986758A
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node
mobile anchor
anchor node
wireless sensor
sensor network
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CN101986758B (en
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韩光洁
徐慧慧
朱川
沈文
江金芳
董玉慧
张娜
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Jiangsu Boyue Internet Of Things Technology Co ltd
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Changzhou Campus of Hohai University
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for positioning a wireless sensor network. The method comprises the following steps: an unknown node receives a message which is broadcast and transmitted by a mobile anchor node and contains position of the node; a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is established for the region of the wireless sensor network to determine a mobile path of the mobile anchor node; the mobile anchor node moves a certain distance every period T; a beacon signal is broadcast in a circle with a communication radius r by using the position of the mobile anchor node, wherein the beacon signal comprises the position message of the mobile anchor node at the moment and the time at the moment; the moving path of the mobile anchor node is a regular triangle, wherein the side length of the regular triangle is d, and d equals to r; the unknown node constantly monitors and receives the beacon messages, and receives three beacon messages broadcast by the mobile anchor node; and if positions of the three beacon messages form a regular triangle, and the unknown node is positioned in the regular triangle, the position message of the unknown node can be acquired by a trilateration survey method. The method has the advantages of high positioning accuracy and low networking cost, and is not easily influenced by environmental factors.

Description

Wireless sensor network locating method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of localization method of wireless communication field, relate in particular to a kind of wireless sensor network locating method.
Background technology
In recent years, development along with MEMS (micro electro mechanical system), radio communication and Digital Electronic Technique, wireless sensor network (wireless sensor networks, WSN) obtained using widely in Military Application and field such as civilian, it combines with the RFID technology, has also obtained application achievements preferably in fields such as logistics.
Positional information has great important to the application of WSN, and the position that incident takes place or the position of information source are the important component parts that sensor network transmits data, thereby the WSN location technology becomes a big focus of research.At present, scholars have proposed a lot of location algorithms about WSN, mainly be divided into two big classes: based on anchor node and non-WSN node locating algorithm based on anchor node, anchor node is exactly the node that can obtain self-position in advance, usually adopt gps system or artificial in advance the layout are installed on node, location algorithm based on anchor node remains node with the anchor node location, but not based on the relative position of the main computing node of node locating algorithm of anchor node, generate the relative position map of a WSN node, bring very big restriction for the application of WSN, but, in node locating algorithm based on anchor node, the use of GPS has increased the cost of WSN node, and the characteristics that this and WSN use are not inconsistent; In this case, can only on some transportable sensor nodes, equip GPS, this method has very high Practical significance: only equip GPS on some nodes, not only too much do not increase cost, and than the higher positioning accuracy of algorithm acquisition of not using anchor node, mobile node can use mobile robot platform, and energy is unrestricted, in order to improve positioning accuracy and location efficiency, the path planning of mobile anchor node becomes the basic problem of research.
When transducer is spread to sensitive zones (region of interest, ROI) after in, mobile anchor node begins to walk in them, simultaneously with certain transmitting power broadcast message packet, the coordinate that contains this anchor node in the information packet, the sensor node of (in the beacon signal transmission range) can receive the bootstrap information bag near the anchor node node, each node is all measured received signal intensity index (received signal strength indication when receiving bag, be called for short RSSI) and calculate the distance of anchor node, according to subsidiary beacon position in the distance value of anchor node and bootstrap information bag
Figure 44895DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Each node calculates the constraints of self-position, when obtaining 3 above bootstrap information bags, each node can calculate the coordinate of self by trilateration, carry out the sensor node location based on mobile anchor node and have some tangible advantages: at first, reduce the anchor node quantity that needs in a large number, thereby reduced cost; Secondly, because anchor node negligible amounts (ideally only needing 1 beacon), therefore, the user can control the mobile route of anchor node, the position (abbreviation transmitting site) of broadcasting anchor node packet, thereby improves location efficiency and improve locating effect.
Through existing literature search is found that pertinent literature is as follows:
1, the article " Path Planning for Mobile Anchor Node in Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks " on " Journal of Computer Research and Development " in 2009, delivered such as Hongjun Li, studied the path planning problem of mobile anchor node, graph theory has been incorporated into the wireless sensor network node navigation system.Wireless sensor network is regarded as the node non-directed graph of a connection, and path planning problem is converted into map generalization tree and traversal problem, has proposed breadth-first and has recalled the formula greedy algorithm.But the mobile route that this algorithmic rule is come out can not guarantee all unknown node and receive anchor node information, thereby the location coverage rate is not high.
2, in the article " Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Mobile Anchor Node " on " IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics " in 2008, delivered such as Zhen HU mobile node with spiral path movement, broadcast its positional information every one-period, after unknown node was received positional information more than 3, the mean value of getting these positions was the estimated position of unknown node.This algorithm efficiently solves the problem that node can't be located on same straight line, but this path can't cover sensitive zones efficiently, occurs the beacon coverage hole easily, thereby has reduced positioning accuracy.
3, in the article " Sensor Position Determination with Flying Anchors in Three-Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks " that ChaiHo Ou etc. delivers a kind of novel Range-Free localization method has been proposed on " IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing " in 2008, this method is based on " perpendicular bisector of string passes through the center of circle " this character in the elementary geometry, move and periodically broadcast its current location with the flight anchor node that has GPS at sensitive zones, unknown node is according to Rules of Geometry and its position of these information calculations.This algorithm forms two and intersects circle behind the anchor node that obtains more than 4, and the point that the center of circle of these two crossing circles of process and the round straight line that intersects vertically intersect is the estimated position of unknown node.The method has been made certain innovation and contribution in links such as the distance of measuring anchor node and unknown node, calculating unknown node coordinates, but does not all relate to mobile anchor node Path selection problem.
4, the article " Static path planning for mobile beacons to localize sensor networks " delivered on " IEEE PERCOMW " in 2007 such as Rui Huang proposes to make mobile anchor node according to S shape path movement, the information of the reception mobile node in the unknown node cycle of sensitive zones, thus its positional information calculated.Though the path of this algorithm mobile node is shorter, and saved the energy consumption of node accordingly, do not occurred owing to receiving the situation that enough information causes locating at the node at edge.
5, analyzed mobile node in the article " Path planning of mobile landmarks for localization in wireless sensor networks " that Koutsonilas D etc. delivers along path that change in coordinate axis direction moves on " Computer Communication " in 2007, its pluses and minuses have been compared, though wherein Scan method movable length is the shortest, it can cause information that unknown node receives on same straight line and can't locate it.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of positioning accuracy height is provided, is not subject to Effect of Environmental and the low wireless sensor network locating method of network cost.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of wireless sensor network locating method, and its innovative point is: its step comprises:
A, mobile anchor node broadcast transmission comprise the information of self-position;
B, unknown node receive the information that mobile anchor node sends;
C, two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system is set up in the wireless sensor network zone, one or several unknown node distribute in two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system, determine the mobile route of mobile anchor node, mobile anchor node moves a certain distance every period T, and with mobile anchor node this moment the position be the center of circle, communication radius is
Figure 659547DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Round broadcast beacon signals, comprise the positional information of this mobile anchor node of moment and the time in this moment in the beacon signal, the path that mobile anchor node moves is an equilateral triangle, the length of side of equilateral triangle is
Figure 97482DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, and
Figure 721361DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
D, unknown node are constantly monitored and are accepted beacon message, receive three beacon messages of mobile anchor node broadcasting, if equilateral triangle is formed in the position of these three beacon messages, and unknown node is positioned at equilateral triangle, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node by trilateration; If unknown node is positioned at the boundary in wireless sensor network zone, the set of locations that unknown node receives three beacon messages becomes obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or be all the other triangles, and unknown node is positioned at obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or for all the other triangles, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node with the mean value of three beacon message coordinates receiving position as unknown node.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, distance adopts the received signal intensity method to measure between described mobile anchor node and unknown node.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, the communication radius of described mobile anchor node Concrete establishing method be:
Set up target function and constraint function, and set communication radius
Figure 979484DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope,
The target function of setting up is ,
The constraint function of setting up is
Figure 66706DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be integer, and Round numbers,
The communication radius of setting
Figure 553499DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope be ,
Wherein: Be the length in wireless sensor network zone,
Be the width in wireless sensor network zone,
Be the power consumption of every transmission of emitter or the bit of recruiting unit,
For emission amplifier with the every bit unit of transfer square metre energy that is consumed,
Figure 644263DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Be the size of packets of information,
Figure 680352DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Be constant,
Be the energy of the whenever mobile 1m consumption of mobile anchor node,
Figure 244188DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Be the gross energy of mobile anchor node consumption,
Figure 297552DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
,
Figure 667353DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Be communication radius
Figure 761211DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope,
Then, calculate the communication radius that satisfies above-mentioned condition by computer
Figure 558266DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Value.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, described mobile anchor node has the GPS positioner, reference node as the location unknown node, the unknown node broadcasting of mobile anchor node around it comprises the beacon message packet of its positional information and self ID, and the communication range of mobile anchor node is a radius
Figure 104785DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Circle.
Compared with prior art, the good effect that the present invention had is:
(1) do not need extra communication overhead in the position fixing process, only can finish the location by received signal intensity, and mobile anchor node is according to the equilateral triangle path movement, the running fix precision is the highest;
(2) to the node density of network without limits, no matter be,, thereby favorable expansibility arranged, be difficult for affected by environment not influence of positioning accuracy at dense network or in sparse network;
(3) the present invention only needs a mobile anchor node, can know the positional information of all unknown node in the wireless sensor network zone, has reduced the cost of network.
The communication range of mobile anchor node is circular, tallies with the actual situation, be easy in actual environment, implement, and the positioning accuracy height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of wireless sensor network locating method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 calculates the schematic diagram of unknown node for the equilateral triangle localization method;
Fig. 3 is unknown node random distribution figure;
Fig. 4 is a mobile anchor node location schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of mobile anchor node mobile route and emission packets of information position.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4,5, a kind of wireless sensor network locating method, its step comprises:
A, mobile anchor node broadcast transmission comprise the information of self-position;
B, unknown node receive the information that mobile anchor node sends;
C, two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system is set up in the wireless sensor network zone, one or several unknown node distribute in two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system, determine the mobile route of mobile anchor node, mobile anchor node moves a certain distance every period T, and with mobile anchor node this moment the position be the center of circle, communication radius is
Figure 12698DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Round broadcast beacon signals, comprise the positional information of this mobile anchor node of moment and the time in this moment in the beacon signal, the path that mobile anchor node moves is an equilateral triangle, the length of side of equilateral triangle is
Figure 961063DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
, and
Figure 866702DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
D, unknown node are constantly monitored and are accepted beacon message, receive three beacon messages of mobile anchor node broadcasting, if equilateral triangle is formed in the position of these three beacon messages, and unknown node is positioned at equilateral triangle, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node by trilateration; If unknown node is positioned at the boundary in wireless sensor network zone, the set of locations that unknown node receives three beacon messages becomes obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or be all the other triangles, and unknown node is positioned at obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or for all the other triangles, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node with the mean value of three beacon message coordinates receiving position as unknown node.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, distance adopts the received signal intensity method to measure between described mobile anchor node and unknown node.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, the communication radius of described mobile anchor node
Figure 962834DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Concrete establishing method be:
Set up target function and constraint function, and set communication radius
Figure 612121DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope,
The target function of setting up is
Figure 742888DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
,
The constraint function of setting up is
Figure 819428DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be integer, and
Figure 137277DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Round numbers,
The communication radius of setting
Figure 590255DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope be
Figure 450895DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
,
Wherein: Be the length in wireless sensor network zone,
Figure 503482DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Be the width in wireless sensor network zone,
Figure 556888DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Be the power consumption of every transmission of emitter or the bit of recruiting unit,
Figure 334351DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
For emission amplifier with the every bit unit of transfer square metre energy that is consumed,
Figure 752694DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Be the size of packets of information,
Figure 310715DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Be constant,
Be the energy of the whenever mobile 1m consumption of mobile anchor node,
Figure 839916DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Be the gross energy of mobile anchor node consumption,
Figure 799782DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
,
Figure 389026DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Be communication radius
Figure 106447DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Scope,
Then, calculate the communication radius that satisfies above-mentioned condition by computer
Figure 501656DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Value.
In above-mentioned wireless sensor network locating method, described mobile anchor node has the GPS positioner, reference node as the location unknown node, the unknown node broadcasting of mobile anchor node around it comprises the beacon message packet of its positional information and self ID, and the communication range of mobile anchor node is a radius
Figure 247852DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Circle.
All unknown node are random distribution (as shown in Figure 3) in the wireless sensor network zone in the present embodiment, and mobile anchor node carries out initialization to wireless sensor network and moves anchor node and begin to move (as shown in Figure 4) from the origin of coordinates.
The concrete course of work of wireless sensor network locating method of the present invention is:
As shown in Figure 1, the mobile anchor node information that comprises self-position according to the path movement and the broadcast transmission of equilateral triangle;
By calculate mobile anchor node as can be known position error be:
Figure 275031DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, when
Figure 473931DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The time, the error band of location
Figure 80493DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
Reaching minimum is
Figure 73856DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
, promptly three packets of information consist of equilateral triangle, wherein
Figure 765869DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Be the range measurement error,
Figure 643826DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
,
Figure 167211DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
Figure 269160DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Angle between the length of side, thus the mobile route of mobile anchor node is defined as equilateral triangle as can be known; Owing to be when the position of three beacon messages of mobile anchor node emission constitutes the length of side Equilateral triangle, sensor network does not have the region area maximum that leak covers, so mobile anchor node is according to the equilateral triangle path movement of predesignating among the present invention, and the equilateral triangle length of side of formation is
Figure 989171DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Wherein, the communication radius of mobile anchor node
Figure 304746DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Be predefined value, the length in assumed wireless sensor network zone
Figure 843175DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
For
Figure 244200DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, width For
Figure 758675DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
, then the area in wireless sensor network zone is
Figure 468005DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
, the scope of setting communication radius
Figure 356327DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
For
Figure 176515DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
And constraints Be integer, and
Figure 409230DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Round numbers,
Figure 778989DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, ,
Figure 609858DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
,
Figure 660991DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
,
Figure 523905DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
,
Then make
Figure 685896DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
,
Figure 12972DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
The value minimum, can calculate the communication radius of mobile anchor node
Figure 969427DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Be 40m.
As shown in Figure 1, unknown node receives the information that mobile anchor node sends, and wherein, mobile anchor node moves a certain distance every period T, and with mobile anchor node this moment the position be the center of circle, communication radius is
Figure 319637DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Round broadcast beacon signals, comprise the positional information of this mobile anchor node of moment and the time in this moment in the beacon signal; As shown in Figure 5, mobile anchor node whenever moves
Figure 347636DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Distance promptly launch a packets of information, wherein
Figure 466901DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
It is the communication radius of mobile anchor node.
As shown in Figure 1, the continuous monitoring reception beacon message of unknown node, receive three beacon messages after, these three beacon messages should be equilateral triangle, calculating receives the distance of each anchor node to unknown node, according to trilateration, obtains the positional information of unknown node.
As shown in Figure 5, if unknown node
Figure 859836DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The triangle that three beacon messages that receive are formed is an equilateral triangle, and the position of three beacon messages be (
Figure 431763DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
), unknown node then
Figure 997874DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Can calculate the position of this unknown node according to these three beacon messages that receive by trilateration, promptly pass through formula
Figure 237225DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
, the coordinate of acquisition unknown node
Figure 863379DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
If unknown node
Figure 922602DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Be fringe node, the position of three beacon messages that receive for ( ), unknown node then
Figure 323944DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Go out the position of this unknown node according to the coordinate mean value calculation of these three beacon messages that receive, promptly according to formula
Figure 58682DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
, obtain the coordinate of this unknown node
Figure 667518DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
The present invention has advantage simple and reliable and that positioning accuracy is high, only use a location that the mobile anchor node has just been realized the sensor unknown node, reduced the requirement to hardware, saved network cost, according to the optimization of region strategy, can be optimized irregular area, make the positioning accuracy optimum, extensibility is strong, the mobile anchor node adopts the mobile route of positive triangle, mobile route is short, so that unknown node positioning accuracy height is with a wide range of applications.

Claims (4)

1. wireless sensor network locating method, it is characterized in that: its step comprises:
A, mobile anchor node broadcast transmission comprise the information of self-position;
B, unknown node receive the information that mobile anchor node sends;
C, two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system is set up in the wireless sensor network zone, one or several unknown node distribute in two-dimentional rectangular coordinate system, determine the mobile route of mobile anchor node, mobile anchor node moves a certain distance every period T, and with mobile anchor node this moment the position be the center of circle, communication radius is Round broadcast beacon signals, comprise the positional information of this mobile anchor node of moment and the time in this moment in the beacon signal, the path that mobile anchor node moves is an equilateral triangle, the length of side of equilateral triangle is
Figure 946952DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
, and
Figure 914908DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
D, unknown node are constantly monitored and are accepted beacon message, receive three beacon messages of mobile anchor node broadcasting, if equilateral triangle is formed in the position of these three beacon messages, and unknown node is positioned at equilateral triangle, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node by trilateration; If unknown node is positioned at the boundary in wireless sensor network zone, the set of locations that unknown node receives three beacon messages becomes obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or be all the other triangles, and unknown node is positioned at obtuse triangle or for right-angled triangle or for all the other triangles, then, obtain the positional information of unknown node with the mean value of three beacon message coordinates receiving position as unknown node.
2. wireless sensor network locating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: distance adopts the received signal intensity method to measure between described mobile anchor node and unknown node.
3. wireless sensor network locating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the communication radius of described mobile anchor node Concrete establishing method be:
Set up target function and constraint function, and set communication radius Scope,
The target function of setting up is ,
The constraint function of setting up is
Figure 539739DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Be integer, and
Figure 998533DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Round numbers,
The communication radius of setting Scope be
Figure 108888DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Wherein:
Figure 418647DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Be the length in wireless sensor network zone,
Figure 427054DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Be the width in wireless sensor network zone,
Be the power consumption of every transmission of emitter or the bit of recruiting unit,
For emission amplifier with the every bit unit of transfer square metre energy that is consumed,
Figure 738584DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Be the size of packets of information,
Figure 228428DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Be constant,
Be the energy of the whenever mobile 1m consumption of mobile anchor node,
Figure 757629DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Be the gross energy of mobile anchor node consumption,
Figure 451916DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
,
Figure 306739DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Be communication radius
Figure 86477DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Scope,
Then, calculate the communication radius that satisfies above-mentioned condition by computer Value.
4. wireless sensor network locating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mobile anchor node has the GPS positioner, reference node as the location unknown node, the unknown node broadcasting of mobile anchor node around it comprises the beacon message packet of its positional information and self ID, and the communication range of mobile anchor node is a radius
Figure 233741DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Circle.
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