CN101986631A - Time- and frequency-domain unified single carrier modulation signal transmission method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a time- and frequency-domain unified single carrier modulation (TFU-SCM) signal transmission method, and belongs to the technical field of digital information transmission. The method comprises that: information generated by a sending end is subjected to source coding, channel coding and constellation mapping in turn to form mapped information; the mapped information is subjected to time- and frequency-domain unified single carrier modulation FU-SCM modulation, and a plurality of modulated symbols form a frame signal to be sent; the received frame signal is split into a TFU-SCM modulation symbols in a corresponding composition mode; and the modulation symbols are subjected to TFU-SCM demodulation to form serial data, and the serial data is subjected to constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding and source decoding in turn to form the original information. The method maintains the advantage of low complexity of the sending end of the single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) technology, the number of UW in the pilot frequency can be flexibly selected according to requirement on system performance, operation such as synchronization, channel estimation, balance and the like can be convenient to carry out at a receiving end by operating the pilot frequency in the frequency domain, the processing efficiency of the system is improved, and the method is more suitable for a broadband wireless mobile communication system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to digital information transmission technical field, relate in particular to the single-carrier modulated technology in the wideband wireless mobile communication system.
Background technology
In wideband wireless mobile communication system, transmit and tend in communication process to be subjected to that various objects in the environment causedly block, absorb, reflection, refraction and diffractive effect, form the mulitpath signal component and arrive receiver.The signal component in different paths has different propagation delays, phase place and amplitude, and additionally has interchannel noise, their stack can make composite signal cancel out each other or strengthen, and causes serious decline.This decline can make the received signal of receiver produce distortion, reduces the reliability of communication.In addition, if transmitter or receiver are in relative-movement state, because the existence of Doppler effect, received signal can produce even more serious distortion.Traditional time domain equalization can be eliminated intersymbol interference (the InterSymbol Interference that multipath brings, hereinafter to be referred as ISI), the waveform that the time waveform that it utilizes equalizer to produce goes direct correction to distort makes the impulse response of the whole system that comprises equalizer satisfy no intersymbol interference condition.Because the computation complexity and the maximum delay of time domain equalization are extended to proportional relation, the implementation complexity that this has increased the time domain equalization system has greatly limited its application in wideband wireless mobile communication.(expansion of so-called maximum delay just is meant the difference of maximum transmitted time delay and minimum transfer time delay, and promptly in fact the difference of last distinguishable delay time signal and first delay time signal time of advent is exactly the time of pulse stretching.)
The transport stream signal journey of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing is hereinafter to be referred as OFDM) system as shown in Figure 1.Information source obtains data flow through source encoding, the laggard planet seat mapping of chnnel coding, then data flow is converted to the multidiameter delay data block and data block is carried out inverse fast fourier transform (Inverse Fast FourierTransform, hereinafter to be referred as IFFT) data block is transformed into time domain, last Cyclic Prefix (Cyclic Prefix is hereinafter to be referred as CP) the back formation ofdm signal that inserts before each data block of time domain is launched; Ofdm signal arrives receiving terminal after by Channel Transmission, receiving terminal carries out fast fourier transform (Fast FourierTransform after removing CP to the received signal, hereinafter to be referred as FFT) change back frequency domain, recover raw information (stay of two nights) through the inverse mapping of the laggard planet seat of equilibrium, channel decoding, source decoding.
Said method is a kind of modulation system efficiently, and this transmission method is widely applied to the every field of wideband wireless mobile communication owing to advantages such as having availability of frequency spectrum height, anti-frequency selective fading.But, OFDM also have peak-to-average power ratio (Peak to Average Power Ratio is hereinafter to be referred as PAPR) excessive, to deficiencies such as frequency deviation sensitivities.With respect to OFDM, method as another kind of effectively antagonism channel fading characteristic in the wideband wireless mobile communication, single carrier frequency domain equalization (SingleCarrier-Frequency Domain Equalization, hereinafter to be referred as SC-FDE) carried, the transport stream signal journey of its system comprises following step as shown in Figure 2;
(1) information that transmitting terminal will be sent is carried out source encoding, chnnel coding and constellation mapping successively, the information after obtaining shining upon;
(2), after adding CP formation SC-FDE symbol, launches every front end to after the block sort after the above-mentioned mapping;
(3) receiving terminal receives above-mentioned SC-FDE symbol from channel;
(4) to removing the CP in the SC-FDE symbol after the above-mentioned SC-FDE sign synchronization, obtain the data block in the SC-FDE symbol;
(5) above-mentioned data block is carried out the FFT operation, it is converted to frequency domain;
(6) channel information that utilizes channel estimating to come out carries out equilibrium to the above-mentioned data that are converted in the frequency domain, obtains the frequency domain data after the equilibrium;
(7) frequency domain data after the equilibrium is carried out the IFFT operation, convert it back to time domain;
(8) data that will change back in the time domain carry out recovering prime information (stay of two nights) after constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding and the source decoding.
Above-mentioned SC-FDE method is compared OFDM following advantage:
What (1) SC-FDE transmitted in channel is the signal of directly modulating on time domain, envelope is multi-system phase shift keying (Multiple Phase Shift Keying, hereinafter to be referred as MPSK) or M-ary orthogonal amplitude modulation(PAM) (Multiple QuadratureAmplitude Modulation, hereinafter to be referred as MQAM) signal, envelope is more constant, PAPR is low, and ofdm signal is piled up by a series of sub-carrier signal, can produce very high PAPR when its each sub-carrier phase is identical.Therefore, with respect to OFDM, SC-FDE has reduced the radio frequency cost.
(2) different with the ofdm system of non-self-adapting, SC-FDE can not adopt coding to come the contrary frequency selectivity.
(3) SC-FDE is insensitive to carrier wave frequency deviation, the cost of Frequency Synchronization when having reduced received signal.
Contrast by Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as seen, single carrier frequency domain equalization is by based on the OFDM of FFT development and come, it is the piecemeal that the data of serial transmitting-receiving is divided into identical size at receiving terminal, each piecemeal is carried out the FFT processing obtain frequency domain representation, with the result of the channel estimating channel gain divided by this frequency on each frequency, balanced back is handled with IFFT and is recovered time-domain signal and decipher at frequency domain.(so-called channel estimating, the model parameter estimation of certain channel model that from receive data, will the suppose process of coming out exactly.)
The SC-FDE frame structure as shown in Figure 3.The one piece of data at each data block end duplicated be placed on this data block front and make CP, to eliminate ISI.The CP of each data block and front end thereof forms a SC-FDE symbol.Operations such as CP carries out synchronously because the not intellectual of CP, SC-FDE method are difficult to utilize, channel estimating and equilibrium promptly allow to realize these functions, and its algorithm complex is also higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for overcoming the weak point of prior art, propose a kind of time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated signals transmission method that adopts.This method has not only kept the low advantage of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology transmitting terminal complexity, and makes receiving terminal more accurate to the estimation of channel response, is more suitable in wideband wireless mobile communication system.
The time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated signals transmission method of employing that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
(1) information that transmitting terminal will be sent is carried out source encoding, chnnel coding and constellation mapping successively, the information after obtaining shining upon;
(2) information after the above-mentioned mapping is carried out time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated, obtain time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol;
The concrete steps of described single-carrier modulated are as follows:
(a) be the multidiameter delay data block with the information translation after the above-mentioned mapping;
(b) choose Chu sequence or Frank-Zadoff sequence as the UW sequence, and be arranged in a UW or a plurality of UW and constitute pilot blocks together;
(c) inserting a UW in above-mentioned each channel parallel data piece rear end does to protect interval group to become fft block;
(d) insert above-mentioned pilot blocks at the fft block front end, form a time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol by pilot blocks and fft block;
(3) send after the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbols framing signals of Jiang Gelu;
(4) receiving terminal receives the frame signal that above-mentioned time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol is formed, and the frame signal that receives is split as the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol of multidiameter delay by corresponding composition mode;
(5) the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in each road is carried out time domain and frequency domain combined single carrier demodulation after, form serial data stream;
The concrete steps of described single carrier demodulation are as follows:
(a1) utilize the pilot tone in the TFU-SCM symbol that the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in above-mentioned each road that receives is carried out sign synchronization and carrier synchronization, separate the fft block that obtains separating with fft block according to the pilot blocks in the symbol synchronization information that the obtains single-carrier modulated symbol that each is time domain and frequency domain combined;
(b1) above-mentioned fft block is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency-region signal of time domain fft block correspondence;
The frequency domain gain of each frequency of channel when (c1) utilizing pilot blocks in the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in each road to estimate corresponding time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol by channel, utilize this gain that frequency-region signal corresponding in (b1) is carried out channel equalization, obtain the signal after the equilibrium;
(d1) frequency-region signal after the above-mentioned equilibrium is carried out the IFFT operation, remove the UW of each data block rear end, the multidiameter delay data block is merged into serial data stream;
(6) above-mentioned serial data stream is carried out constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding, source decoding successively, obtain raw information.
The advantage of the single-carrier modulated signals transmission method that the employing that the present invention proposes is time domain and frequency domain combined is: the number that can select UW in the pilot tone according to the requirement of systematic function neatly, by to the operation of pilot tone at frequency domain, operations such as channel estimating and equilibrium can be carried out synchronously at receiving terminal easily.So not only kept the low advantage of single-carrier wave frequency domain equalization technology transmitting terminal complexity, and made receiving terminal more accurate the estimation of channel response.Under the channel condition of frequency selective fading or time selective fading, still has very good performance.Compare existing method for transmitting signals, the inventive method is more suitable in wideband wireless mobile communication system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of system of existing OFDM technology.
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of system of existing SC-FDE technology.
Fig. 3 is the symbolic construction block diagram in the existing SC-FDE technology.
Fig. 4 is the TFU-SCM symbolic construction block diagram in the method for transmitting signals that proposes of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) that signal sends in the method for transmitting signals that proposes of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the FB(flow block) that signal receives in the method for transmitting signals that proposes of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind ofly adopts time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated signals transmission method to reach embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to be described in detail as follows:
The present invention has adopted in time domain and has added pilot tone, but utilize at frequency domain that pilot tone is carried out synchronously, the single-carrier modulated technology of operation such as channel estimating and equilibrium resists in the wideband wireless mobile communication by multipath transmisstion, and the problems such as channel fading brought such as Doppler frequency deviation, the present invention claims that this technology is time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated (Time domain and Frequencydomain United-Single Carrier Modulation is hereinafter to be referred as TFU-SCM) technology.TFU-SCM is with special word (Unique Word; hereinafter to be referred as UW) cyclic suffix formed do protection at interval, the special training sequence formed with one or more UW makes pilot tone (can select the number of UW in the pilot tone according to the requirement of systematic function neatly) and constitutes the TFU-SCM symbol; by to the operation of pilot tone at frequency domain; operations such as channel estimating and equilibrium can be carried out synchronously at receiving terminal easily.The structure of TFU-SCM symbol as shown in Figure 4, as seen from Figure 4, the symbol of a TFU-SCM comprises two parts: the pilot blocks that a part is made up of one or more UW, another part is by a fft block that UW forms of data block and back thereof.
The present invention proposes a kind ofly adopts time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated signals transmission method and embodiment, may further comprise the steps:
(1) information that transmitting terminal will be sent is carried out source encoding, chnnel coding and constellation mapping successively, and the information after obtaining shining upon is shown in before the empty frame of Fig. 5.The mode of source encoding wherein can be selected flexibly according to the information that information source produces, as huffman coding, and Fano coding, Shannon coding etc.The mode of chnnel coding wherein can for convolution code (ConvolutionalCode, CC), low density parity check code (Low Density Parity Check, LDPC), Reed Solomon code (ReedSolomon, RS) or the like.
Information after the chnnel coding is carried out constellation mapping, its mapping mode can advance phase shift keying (Binary PhaseShift Keying for two, hereinafter to be referred as BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying, hereinafter to be referred as QPSK), 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, hereinafter to be referred as 16QAM), 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (64-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, hereinafter to be referred as 64QAM) and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation (256-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation is hereinafter to be referred as 256QAM) etc.
(2) information after the above-mentioned modulation is carried out the TFU-SCM modulation, as shown in Fig. 5 frame of broken lines, modulation step is as follows:
(a) be parallel data block with the information translation after the above-mentioned modulation;
(b) generate the UW sequence, and (systematic function requires higher to constitute pilot blocks with one or more UW, UW number in the pilot blocks the more, but the number of UW is no more than 4), UW chooses Chu sequence (being proposed by DavidC.Chu) or Frank-Zadoff sequence (uniting proposition by R.L.Frank and S.A Zadoff) as the UW sequence in the present embodiment, its length is 2 positive integer time power, and the length maximum is no more than 256.When UW was used as the protection interval, the UW sequence length was not less than the length of channel maximum delay.For example, when system bandwidth was 10MHz, UW length can get 64, comprised 4 UW in the pilot blocks.
Length is that homophase (In-phase is hereinafter to be referred as the I) road and quadrature (Quadrature is hereinafter to be referred as Q) the road signal of the UW sequence of U (U is a positive integer) can be produced by following formula respectively:
I[n]＝cos(θ[n])
Q[n]＝sin(θ[n])
Wherein n is 0 arbitrary integer in the U-1 scope.
Wherein phase theta [n] can have two kinds of selections, when producing the Frank-Zadoff sequence, gets θ [n]=θ
Frank[n], when producing the Chu sequence, θ [n]=θ
Chu[n].
θ
FrankThe expression formula of [n] is:
R=1 wherein, 3 or with
Coprime integer.
θ
ChuThe expression formula of [n] is:
n＝0，1，...，U-1
(c) insert a UW in above-mentioned each channel parallel data piece rear end and do protection at interval, form fft block;
(d) insert above-mentioned pilot blocks at the fft block front end, forming a TFU-SCM symbol by pilot blocks and fft block, as shown in Figure 4;
(3) will send after each road TFU-SCM symbols framing signals;
(4) receiving terminal receives the frame signal that above-mentioned TFU-SCM symbol is formed, and the frame signal that receives is split as the TFU-SCM symbol of multidiameter delay by corresponding composition mode;
(5) each road TFU-SCM symbol is carried out time domain and frequency domain combined single carrier demodulation after, form serial data stream; Described single carrier demodulation is as shown in Fig. 6 frame of broken lines, and its step is as described below:
(a1) utilize the pilot tone of TFU-SCM symbol that above-mentioned each road TFU-SCM symbol that receives is carried out sign synchronization and carrier synchronization, according to the symbol synchronization information that obtains the pilot blocks in each TFU-SCM symbol is separated the fft block that obtains separating with the fft block that comprises data block and UW;
(b1) above-mentioned fft block piece is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency-region signal corresponding with the time domain fft block;
The frequency domain gain of each frequency of channel when (c1) utilizing pilot blocks in each road TFU-SCM symbol to estimate corresponding TFU-SCM symbol by channel utilizes this gain that frequency-region signal of correspondence in (b1) is carried out channel equalization, obtains the signal after the equilibrium.Wherein, the algorithm of channel estimating and channel equalization can be selected flexibly, for example, channel estimating can adopt based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) (Discrete Fourier Transform, hereinafter to be referred as DFT) channel estimation method, and channel equalization can adopt ZF (Zero Forcing is hereinafter to be referred as ZF) equalization algorithm.
Present embodiment is as follows based on the channel estimation method of DFT:
The frequency response of supposing channel when sending each symbol is constant, and the length of the UW in the pilot blocks is L (L is 2 positive integer time power, and maximum is no more than 256), with { x
m(wherein, x represents the signal in the time domain; M is 0 arbitrary integer in the L-1 scope) expression, the UW in the pilot tone that receives is with { y
m(wherein, y represents the signal in the time domain; M is 0 arbitrary integer in the L-1 scope) expression.At first, respectively to x
mAnd y
mCarry out L point FFT computing, obtain sequence { X
k(wherein, X represents the signal in the frequency domain; K is 0 arbitrary integer in the L-1 scope) and { Y
k(wherein, X represents the signal in the frequency domain; K is 0 arbitrary integer in the L-1 scope), the frequency response estimated value H of each subchannel
k(wherein, k is the arbitrary integer in 0 to the L-1 scope) can be obtained by following formula:
Adopt the frequency domain interpolation to obtain the Frequency Response of the individual subchannel of M (M is a positive integer, and its value equals the length of fft block).To { H
kCarry out L point IFFT computing, and be that the tail of sequence of L adds 0 to length M in the length that obtains, carry out M point FFT computing then, just obtain the frequency response estimated value of M subchannel
(wherein, i is 0 arbitrary integer in the M-1 scope).
For improving systematic function, can make pilot signal comprise a plurality of UW, channel is repeatedly estimated, average then as the Frequency Response of subchannel, carry out the frequency response that the frequency domain interpolation obtains whole subchannels at last.Sending the individual UW of N (N is a positive integer) continuously at transmitting terminal averages to N estimated value as pilot blocks:
Wherein, n is the arbitrary integer between 0 to N-1.
The ZF equalization algorithm is as follows:
The basic thought of ZF is that transmitting terminal sends a training sequence, a desirable acceptance value just should be arranged so accordingly, the signal that this training sequence is subjected to obtaining at receiving terminal after the interference of ISI channel is different from this ideal value certainly, then this ideal value is just compared with disturbed value and can be obtained filter coefficient, exactly the frequency response of disturbed signal is multiplied by a frequency response function (frequency response of sef-adapting filter) from frequency domain, makes it to equal the frequency response of desirable received signal.
The equalizing coefficient of ZF algorithm:
Wherein, H
lFrequency response estimated value for each subchannel; L is a nonnegative integer.
(d1) frequency-region signal after the above-mentioned equilibrium is carried out FFT, remove the UW of each data block rear end, the multidiameter delay data block is merged into serial data;
(6) serial data of above-mentioned reception is carried out constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding, source decoding successively, obtain raw information.Wherein constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding, source decoding are according to carrying out (specific implementation is known technology) with the corresponding constellation mapping of transmitting terminal, chnnel coding, source encoding mode.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is adopted time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated signals transmission method, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) information that transmitting terminal is produced is carried out source encoding, chnnel coding and constellation mapping, the information after obtaining shining upon successively;
(2) information after the above-mentioned mapping is carried out time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated, obtain time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol;
The concrete steps of described single-carrier modulated are as follows:
(a) be the multidiameter delay data block with the information translation after the above-mentioned mapping;
(b) choose Chu sequence or Frank-Zadoff sequence as the UW sequence, and be arranged in a UW or a plurality of UW and constitute pilot blocks together;
(c) inserting a UW in above-mentioned each channel parallel data piece rear end does to protect interval group to become fft block;
(d) insert above-mentioned pilot blocks at the fft block front end, form a time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol by pilot blocks and fft block;
(3) send after the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbols framing signals of Jiang Gelu;
(4) receiving terminal receives the frame signal that above-mentioned time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol is formed, and the frame signal that receives is split as the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol of multidiameter delay by corresponding composition mode;
(5) the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in each road is carried out time domain and frequency domain combined single carrier demodulation after, form serial data stream;
The concrete steps of described single carrier demodulation are as follows:
(a1) utilize the pilot tone in the TFU-SCM symbol that the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in above-mentioned each road that receives is carried out sign synchronization and carrier synchronization, separate the fft block that obtains separating with fft block according to the pilot blocks in the symbol synchronization information that the obtains single-carrier modulated symbol that each is time domain and frequency domain combined;
(b1) above-mentioned fft block is carried out Fourier transform, obtain the frequency-region signal of time domain fft block correspondence;
The frequency domain gain of each frequency of channel when (c1) utilizing pilot blocks in the time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol in each road to estimate corresponding time domain and frequency domain combined single-carrier modulated symbol by channel, utilize this gain that frequency-region signal corresponding in (b1) is carried out channel equalization, obtain the signal after the equilibrium;
(d1) frequency-region signal after the above-mentioned equilibrium is carried out the IFFT operation, remove the UW of each data block rear end, the multidiameter delay data block is merged into serial data stream;
(6) above-mentioned serial data stream is carried out constellation inverse mapping, channel decoding, source decoding successively, obtain raw information.
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