CN101986313A - Knowledge-based container quay berth and shore bridge dispatching method - Google Patents
Knowledge-based container quay berth and shore bridge dispatching method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a knowledge-based container quay berth and shore bridge dispatching method, which solves the quay berth and shore bridge distribution problem by constructing quay berth and shore bridge distribution knowledge models comprising a knowledge acquisition model, a rule extraction model and a knowledge reasoning model and distributing the conventional knowledge by using quay berths and shore bridges. A quay berth and shore bridge distribution knowledge system is constructed based on the combination of a mathematical model and a knowledge model. Compared with the traditional quay berth and shore bridge distribution mode, the method has the following advantages that: a rolling plan modeling method is adopted, and information of port arriving ships in next few days is fully considered in the method, so the method is more systematic and more favorable for overall optimization; the method takes shore bridge loading and unloading energy consumption reduction as one of optimized targets, and accords with the national energy conservation and emission reduction policies; and the method constructs the knowledge models, implements the system, and makes full use of the conventional knowledge of quay berth and shore bridge distribution to effectively solve the quay berth and shore bridge distribution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge.
Background technology
Industry, agricultural, commercial distribution and service sector etc. all want modern logistics industry to support, and leave modern logistics industry, and economic development is not just known where to begin.The modern logistics industry development level has become the important overall target of a regional economic development degree of assessment, therefore, " national economy and social development 11th Five-Year Plan outline ", " National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-the year two thousand twenty) " all propose to greatly develop the national strategy of modern logistics.The harbour must change the single cargo handling transportation function of tradition as the important component part of modern logistics system, develops to the direction that the modern logistics service is provided.Therefore, rely on the port development modern logistics, become the grand strategy behave that the harbour is sought long term growth, enhanced the competitiveness.The container wharf has become the domestic and international research focus as the important component part at harbour.
State Council held standing meeting on November 25th, 2009, determined the year two thousand twenty China unit gross domestic product (GDP) CO2 emission to descend 40% ~ 45% than 2005.The container wharf Large-Scale Equipment is many, the handling technological process complexity, and energy consumption is big, and country and Ministry of Communications grab as a great job the container wharf is energy-conservation.Therefore, it is extremely urgent to pursue high-level efficiency, low energy consumption, low cost.In addition, the continuous reinforcement that improves constantly and equip maximization, digitizing, integrated degree along with harbour robotization, informationization, intelligent level, traditional production organization mode has been difficult to adapt to current production requirement, therefore, the container wharf changes production organization mode, and the intelligent optimization of strengthening its production scheduling is imperative.
Reduce the harbour energy consumption, improve the efficiency of loading and unloading, can be by improving bank bridge operating efficiency, a bridge operating efficiency, rationally arranging modes such as marshalling plan, rational management production line, reasonable distribution berth, rational management field bridge, reduction harbour traffic jam rate to realize.And berth and An Qiao be the container wharf most important space resources and handling machinery, the rationality of its plan and scheduling has bigger influence to the energy consumption and the efficient of harbour.Effectively berth and bank bridge divide pairing to shorten turnround of a ship, reduce the harbour energy consumption, improve harbour efficient and strengthen harbour service quality, have positive effect.
At present, it all is to be target to raise the efficiency that berth, most of container wharf and bank bridge distribute, and rarely have from the energy consumption angle and study, and the method that adopts mostly is mathematic programming methods, the knowledge of berth with the distribution of bank bridge is not fully utilized.In view of this, the present invention will be with the container wharf most important resource---and berth and bank bridge are research object, and utilization mathematic programming methods and architectionic theory from low energy consumption, high efficiency angle, are furtherd investigate its rational management.This research, will save energy and reduce the cost to the container wharf as goal in research with energy consumption and efficient, raise the efficiency and have facilitation; Adopt the method for knowledge system simultaneously, find the solution berth and bank bridge assignment problem, the method for Production Dispatching of Container Terminals optimization is had directive significance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is assigned as research object with berth, container wharf and An Qiao, is target to reduce the harbour energy consumption, to improve the efficient of loading and unloading ship, adopts mathematical program theory to make up berth and bank bridge allocation optimization model; Adopt the method for knowledge system to make up berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge model, remove to find the solution berth and bank bridge apportion model from the angle of knowledge, and then make up berth and bank bridge distribution system, thereby cut down the consumption of energy, raise the efficiency the method support is provided for harbour based on knowledge.
In order to arrive above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge comprise:
First, on the basis of systematic analysis berth and bank bridge assignment problem, make up berth and bank bridge and distribute the mathematics Optimization Model, influence factor, dispatching principle that berth that investigation is obtained according to harbour and bank bridge distribute, with cut down the consumption of energy, reduce shipping and delivery cost, the raising efficiency of loading and unloading is a target, set up berth and bank bridge and distribute mathematical model, target and the principle of considering in the scheduling process changed into mathematic(al) representation, to form objective function and the constraint condition in the mathematical model;
Second, adopt the knowledge system correlation theory, make up berth and bank bridge and distribute knowledge model, comprise knowledge acquirement model, Rule Extraction model and knowledge reasoning model, utilize existing harbour scheduling knowledge, removing to find the solution berth and bank bridge distributes, angle from knowledge engineering, based on the data of obtaining in the investigation of container wharf,, the knowledge and experience of berth and the distribution of bank bridge is analyzed by knowledge acquisition method (KSP knowledge classification method), and with these experiences or knowledge, mode with rule is represented, again by knowledge reasoning mechanism, these knowledge is used to find the solution berth and bank bridge distribution mathematical model;
The 3rd, on the basis of combined mathematical module and knowledge model, structure is based on the berth and the bank bridge distribution system of knowledge, structure, knowledge-base design by system framework, realize the exploitation of system at last, find the solution mathematical model with the knowledge model in this system, realize computer solving berth, container wharf and bank bridge assignment problem.
The present invention sets up the berth and the bank bridge distribution system of a cover container wharf on the basis of knowledge system, distribute knowledge model by making up berth and bank bridge, comprise knowledge acquirement model, Rule Extraction model and knowledge reasoning model, utilize port berth and bank bridge to distribute existing knowledge, go to find the solution berth and bank bridge assignment problem.Then, on the basis of combined mathematical module and knowledge model, make up berth and bank bridge and distribute knowledge system, compare with bank bridge allocation scheme with traditional berth, method of the present invention has following advantage:
1. the present invention has adopted a kind of modeling method of rolling plan, and this method synthesis has been considered will arrive the information of port boats and ships in following several days, so this method adding system more, and is more favourable for global optimization;
2. compare with bank bridge allocation scheme with traditional berth, the present invention will reduce bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption as one of optimization aim, meet the policy of national energy-saving and emission-reduction;
3. compare with bank bridge allocation scheme with traditional berth, the present invention has made up knowledge model, and system is realized, has made full use of port berth and bank bridge and has distributed existing knowledge to go to find the solution effectively berth and the distribution of bank bridge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is technology path figure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is berth and bank bridge apportion model frame diagram.
Fig. 3 is rolling plan mode figure.
Fig. 4 is berth and bank bridge knowledge classification tree.
Fig. 5 is the graph of a relation between berth and bank bridge each factor of distributing.
Fig. 6 is the system assumption diagram that berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute knowledge system.
Fig. 7 is that berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute the incidence relation figure between each composition table of knowledge base.
Embodiment
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach purpose and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in Figure 1 is technology path figure of the present invention, and berth, container wharf of the present invention and bank bridge dispatching method comprise: make up berth, container wharf and bank bridge and distribute mathematical model; Set up berth and bank bridge and distribute the knowledge classification model; Make up berth, container wharf and bank bridge and distribute three steps of knowledge system, respectively each step is described in detail below.
Make up berth, container wharf and bank bridge and distribute mathematical model:
Shown in Figure 2 is berth and bank bridge apportion model frame diagram, the decision objective that berth and bank bridge distribute is as follows: minimize all boats and ships actual alongside position in whole decision-making period with in advance between the alongside position depart from, this target can be used for reducing the horizontal transportation range of loading and unloading ship and the energy consumption of level transportation, the time of reducing the loading and unloading ship; Minimize the fine summation that all ship berthings stop over and departure from port stops in whole decision-making period, this target is used to reduce turnround of a ship, and the double influence of bank bridge that is distributed and alongside position; Minimize the bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption summation of all boats and ships in whole decision-making period.
Because the successional situation in berth, thus the model that the present invention set up also all based on continuous berth, thereby make model more near reality.It is a lasting process that berth and bank bridge distribute, be when current boats and ships distribute berth and bank bridge, also to consider follow-up influence to the port boats and ships, can not be for the position, berth of satisfying current boats and ships and bank bridge the best of distribution, and it is bigger to make that pre-alongside position is departed from the berth of follow-up boats and ships, causes it to increase at ETA estimated time of arrival.
For the scheme that berth and bank bridge are distributed reaches global optimization, the present invention has adopted a kind of tumbling-type decision-making mode, and this mode has been taken all factors into consideration following continuous several days boats and ships to port information.If that chooses decision-making period is too short, computing cost is with less, but the global optimization accuracy is just not high, otherwise that chooses decision-making period is oversize, and then computing cost will be bigger, and comprise more uncertain information.For the reliability consideration of the feasibility and the data of the complex nature of the problem, calculating, and harbour generally speaking, is divided into 2 classes every day, and per tour 12 hours will be so will be chosen to be 3 days decision-making period among the present invention, totally 6 periods, 12 hours each periods.The time period of every day is specially 9:00 ~ 21:00,21:00 ~ 9:00.In each zero hour period, calculate berth and the bank bridge plan of distribution of following 6 periods.But only there is the plan of the 1st period to be performed.In each finish time period, begin to prepare to calculate the plan of next 6 periods again, so move in circles, the rolling plan mode is as shown in Figure 3.
Before the modeling, it is as follows to make relevant hypothesis:
(1) the pre-alongside position of all boats and ships is its best alongside position, and actual alongside position is approaching more with pre-alongside position, and then horizontal transportation range will be short more, and the ship loading and unloading time also will be few more, and then shipping and delivery cost also will be low more;
(2) the interior truck that is used for level transportation is enough;
(3) boats and ships all arrive the port on schedule, are not subjected to the influence of typhoon and morning and evening tides to ETA estimated time of arrival.Because the boats and ships of container wharf service nearly all are boats,, just be the boat Estimated Time of Arrival so can establish the ETA estimated time of arrival that arrives of every boats and ships to the ETA estimated time of arrival basic fixed;
(4) efficiency of loading and unloading of every bank bridge all is consistent at any time;
(5) do not consider shifting berth, every ship once chance leans against on the berth, after the alongside, and can not the shift position;
(6) do not consider the influence of the depth of water, promptly the depth of water on all berths all is consistent, and can both satisfy the drinking water requirement of all boats and ships;
(7) all boats and ships can not surpass the required best bank bridge number of boats and ships according to its bank bridge number of distributing to boats and ships;
Safe distance when (8) boats and ships length has comprised its alongside, promptly the captain among the present invention is 1.2 times of actual captain.
It is as follows to make symbol definition:
DP: hop count during plan in decision-making period, DP among the present invention=6.Each period is represented with t;
Nt: plan the boats and ships quantity at port in the period t, every boats and ships are represented with i;
L: the water front length of harbour (unit: rice);
Lit: the length of the boats and ships i in the period t, this length comprised boats and ships itself length and with the safe distance of adjacent boats and ships;
ATit: the Estimated Time of Arrival of the boats and ships i in the period t;
DT It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iEstimated time of leaving;
NC It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe volume of goods loaded and unloaded (unit: TEU);
x It * : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iBest alongside position, this position and the transportation range of distributing between the case district of boats and ships are nearest;
PR It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iPriority, its value is more little, priority is high more;
W It Max : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iCargo handling process in the weight of loaded container;
q: the actual bank bridge number in the harbour, every bank bridge is used
kExpression;
Sp k : the bank bridge
kThe maximum load amount;
Qs k It : the bank bridge
k y It The residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded (unit: TEU) constantly;
η k : every bank bridge
kProduction efficiency, promptly finish 1 required time of loading and unloading (unit: second); .
Q It Max : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iAssignable maximum bank bridge number;
Q It Min : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iAssignable minimum bank bridge number;
C Ke w : every bank bridge
kEnergy consumption (unit: kilowatt hour) in unit interval;
C It d : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iDeparture from port delay cost;
g: many bank bridges load and unload the mutual interference coefficient of same ship time simultaneously,
g＜1;
The variable-definition of making decision is as follows:
x It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe alongside position;
y It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe alongside time;
Qn k It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iDistribute to the bank bridge
kThe volume of goods loaded and unloaded, if
Qn k It Be 0, then show the bank bridge
kUnallocated to the period
tInterior boats and ships
i
It is as follows to set up the simulated target function according to above-mentioned simulated target and above-mentioned definition:
In the formula
Be to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe Late Finish of bank bridge.
Wherein
Formula (1) is the 1st objective function, be used to minimize all boats and ships actual alongside position in whole decision-making period with in advance between the alongside position depart from.Formula (2) is the 2nd objective function, is used to minimize the fine summation of all boats and ships departure from port delays in whole decision-making period.Formula (3) is the 3rd objective function, is used to minimize the bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption summation of all boats and ships in whole decision-making period.
Formula (5) is based on the multiple objective function of formula (1), (2) and (3), wherein
ω 1,
ω 2With
ω 3It is respectively the weight of objective function (1), (2) and (3).
Carrying out the berth and the bank bridge divides timing, the above-mentioned a plurality of targets of overall equilbrium, therefore can adopt the target method for normalizing,, returning 11 objective function above-mentioned multiple objective function.Because the dimension of above-mentioned multiple objective function is all different, should at first each objective function be changed into the dimensionless function:
Make objective function 1 normalization, establish the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe minimum and the maximum deviation of alongside best with it position, institute alongside position are respectively
d It Min With
d It Max , the formula after the normalization is as follows:
Wherein
d It Min =0,
d It Max =
Max(
L x It * l It / 2,
x It * l It / 2);
Make objective function 2 normalization, establish the period
tInterior boats and ships
iMinimum be respectively with maximum delay fine cost
p It Min With
p It Max Formula after the normalization is as follows:
Wherein
p It Min =0.p It Max It is the period
tInterior boats and ships
iImpose a fine cost in the maximum delay that this harbour once took place;
Make objective function 3 normalization, establish the period
tInterior boats and ships
iMinimum and maximum bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption be respectively
e It Min With
e It Max Formula after the normalization is as follows:
Wherein
（9）
（10）
gBe the mutual interference coefficient that many bank bridges load and unload same ship time simultaneously, its value should be less than 1.
Objective function after the normalization is
Wherein
ω 1,
ω 2With
ω 3Be made as 0.4,0.3 and 0.3 respectively.
The target of implementation model, also need model is retrained:
（12）
Formula (12) has guaranteed to work as the period
tInterior boats and ships
iWith boats and ships
jAlongside time when intersecting, the alongside position does not intersect.
（13）
Formula (13) has guaranteed to work as the period
tInterior boats and ships
iWith boats and ships
jAlongside position when intersecting, the alongside time does not intersect.Activity duration can be expressed as a line segment on time shaft, and any two line segment a, the Uncrossed condition of b are
Formula (14) has guaranteed the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe alongside time must be after the port at boats and ships.
Formula (15) has guaranteed to arrange to give the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe alongside position can not exceed the border of dock wall line.
Formula (16) has guaranteed that all boats and ships all will accept service behind the port.
When formula (17) has guaranteed that boats and ships are waited for alongside in the anchorage, the boats and ships elder generation alongside that priority is high.
（18）
Formula (18) has guaranteed to distribute in the bank bridge of boats and ships, and the maximum load amount that has a bank bridge is greater than the weight of the loaded container of boats and ships.
Formula (19) has guaranteed to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iBank bridge number be no more than the scope of minimum assignable bank bridge and the bank bridge numbers that distribute at most.
Formula (20) has guaranteed to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe bank bridge all be adjacent, thereby guarantee that these bank bridges can not intersect with the bank bridge of other boats and ships.
（21）
Formula (21) has guaranteed the period
tInterior boats and ships
iAll bank bridges distribute volume of goods loaded and unloaded sum consistent with the volume of goods loaded and unloaded of boats and ships.
（24）
Formula (22), (23), (24), (25) and (26) are the 0-1 constraint.
In the above-mentioned formula:
（27）
Because constraint condition (12) and (13) belong to the non-linear constrain condition, so it is Nonlinear programming Model that above-mentioned berth and bank bridge distribute mathematical model, and generally speaking, difficulty is found the solution in nonlinear programming, therefore is necessary nonlinear programming is changed into linear model.At first increase symbol definition:
f It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe loading and unloading deadline;
U It : the period
tInterior boats and ships
iRequired T.T. of loading and unloading;
Formula (12) linearization:
（31）
Formula (13) linearization:
（32）
In the formula:
（33）
Berth after linearity transforms and bank bridge distribute mathematical model as follows:
Objective function: formula (11);
Constraint condition: formula (31), (32) and (14) ~ (30).
Berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute knowledge model to make up:
Because the NP of berth, container wharf and bank bridge assignment problem has been difficult to a kind of effective algorithm and has obtained its optimum solution, therefore can only obtain its satisfactory solution as much as possible.The present invention will make full use of the knowledge that berth and bank bridge distribute the field from the angle of knowledge system, make up its knowledge model, be used to ask its approximate solution.Berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge model to comprise knowledge acquirement model, knowledge classification model, Rule Extraction model and knowledge reasoning model 4 parts, and its process is obtained the ABC of berth and bank bridge distribution at first from knowledge sources such as domain expert, Documentary Records; Then these knowledge of obtaining are carried out taxonomic revision, so that determine the mutual relationship between knowledge; From the knowledge of putting in order, extract the relevant scheduling rule that can be used for system implementation again; Design rational knowledge reasoning model at last, so that in scheduling process, efficiently, conveniently, reasonably adopt dependency rule.
) set up berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge acquirement model: the knowledge that is used for finding the solution the specialized field problem is extracted from the knowledge source that has these knowledge, and be converted to specific computer representation.Berth and bank bridge distribute the task of knowledge acquisition as follows:
(1) knowledge of knowledge sources such as harbour scheduling domain expert or pertinent literature is understood, is familiar with, selects, extracts, compiles, is classified and organizes;
(2) from existing knowledge and example, produce new knowledge, comprise from external world's study new knowledge;
(3) consistance and the integrality of knowledge obtained in inspection and assurance;
(4) as far as possible guarantee to have obtained the nonredundancy of knowledge.
The task of the knowledge acquisition that berth and bank bridge distribute is a circulation process repeatedly, deepens the understanding of problem gradually and finds the solution the opinion of this problem, in the hope of knowledge acquisition more comprehensively and effectively.This process then is knowledge interpretation and analysis from knowledge acquisition, is the method that design knowledge is collected at last.Concrete berth and bank bridge distribute the cyclic process of knowledge acquisition to comprise:
(1) collect: collection is meant from berth and bank bridge and distributes expert, experience personnel, historical data, pertinent literature etc. to obtain the task of knowledge.It needs effective interpersonal communication skill, and with expert and experience personnel's hand-in-glove, talk repeatedly and discuss.To obtain basic comprehension in the time of incipient, collect information specific subsequently length by length problem;
(2) explain: explain that this step relates to the commentary of the information collected with to the identification of berth with bank bridge distribution all critical learning.At first, under berth and bank bridge distribution expert and experience personnel's help, set up target, constraint and the scope of problem according to the commentary of information; Subsequently, use formal method to explain the scheduling knowledge that is disclosed in this task;
(3) analyze: distribute all critical learning by explaining berth and bank bridge, for the formation of knowledge classification and problem solving strategy is offered suggestions.In this task, analyze the key concept that berth and bank bridge distribute, the relation between the notion, and how the dispatcher utilizes these relations;
(4) design: finish after collection, explanation and the analysis task, just produce the new ideas and the problem solving strategy that need further research, the new technology that all these information are collected additional knowledge for design provides guide.
) set up berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge classification model: generally speaking, the knowledge of obtaining from harbour scheduling expert and historical record is all disorderly unordered, and in large scale.Therefore, be necessary between the knowledge extraction and the representation of knowledge, to add a knowledge classification process.The knowledge classification process helps to extract effective berth and bank bridge allocation rule from knowledge source.Berth and bank bridge distribute the knowledge classification process mainly to comprise following 2 steps:
(1), creates berth and bank bridge and distribute classification tree by general sorting technique;
(2) berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge organization.
Distribute in the knowledge classification process at berth and bank bridge, at first adopt taxonomic mode to come the knowledge of particular problem is classified item by item and organize, on the basis of the classification tree of generation, carry out a series of act of categorization and come organization knowledge then.Relate to the relation that influences between factor that berth and bank bridge distribute and the relation between the attribute, the factor and the relation of independent variable and correlated variables in this process.
Berth and bank bridge distribute the knowledge classification tree to produce by 3 continuous activities, are respectively:
(1) obtains with berth and the relevant notion of bank bridge assignment problem.In order to obtain the knowledge that relevant berth and bank bridge distribute, by with domain expert's talk, and consult relevant documents and materials etc., and can distribute relevant basic noun with the bank bridge from obtaining the berth, obtained a series of berths at last and distributed relevant notion with the bank bridge;
(2) by certain standard, these notions are classified.The related notion that the first step obtains is generally sorted out, then with its segmentation, till can not further classifying again.Distribute these notions to separate or the reason or the standard of combination are following attribute or feature to berth and bank bridge:
Boats and ships are to ETA estimated time of arrival;
The pre-alongside of boats and ships position;
The ship loading and unloading amount;
Maximum weight in the ship loading and unloading container;
Boats and ships priority;
Water front length;
Existing vessel's position on the berth;
The expectation of existing boats and ships is from ETB expected time of berthing on the berth;
Bank bridge numbering for existing boats and ships service on the berth;
The current state of bank bridge;
The current residual task amount of bank bridge;
The maximum load of bank bridge;
The efficiency of loading and unloading of bank bridge;
The energy consumption of loading and unloading ship;
The efficient that integral installation is unloaded a ship;
Turnround of a ship;
(3) produce berth and bank bridge knowledge classification tree.General classification and attribute list according to berth and the distribution of bank bridge produce its classification tree as shown in Figure 4.
Behind general sorting technique generation classification tree, need be reference with it, distribute the knowledge of obtaining to organize to berth and bank bridge, the knowledge that logicality is stronger will make the extraction of rule convenient and effective.In some cases, direct extracting rule from classification tree, but distribute this problem for berth and bank bridge, logical relation more complicated between the various piece, can not be easily direct extracting rule from classification tree, therefore need one more to have the mode of systematicness and logic to come knowledge is organized.In order to extract berth and bank bridge allocation rule easily, the present invention will adopt the KSP method to organize relevant knowledge.Its process mainly comprises following 3 steps:
Step 1: determine that berth and bank bridge distribute the relation between factor and the attribute.At first, should determine factor and the attribute that berth and bank bridge distribute.Factor is meant influences the fundamental that berth and bank bridge distribute, as boats and ships to ETA estimated time of arrival, ship specification, in advance alongside position, the berth depth of water, the alongside position of boats and ships on the berth, the state of bank bridge, bank bridge location put, bank bridge performance parameter etc.Attribute is meant with the berth and distributes the relevant key element of net result with the bank bridge, as the actual alongside time of boats and ships, the actual alongside position of boats and ships, the bank bridge of service boats and ships, the task amount of distributing to the bank bridge, bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption, level transportation energy consumption, turnround of a ship, the bank bridge efficiency of loading and unloading etc.Influence each other between factor and the attribute, in order clearly to express the relation between factor and the attribute, the present invention will adopt the mode of form to list its relation.With the title of each factor as row, each attribute is as the title of row, and marks relation between them, and is as shown in table 1.In the table 1, filled circles is represented the factor affecting attribute, open circles representation attribute influence factor, as: the pre-actual alongside of alongside position influence position, and the efficiency of loading and unloading of distributing the number affects bank bridge of bank bridge.
Table 1
Step 2: determine the relation between each factor that berth and bank bridge distribute.The factor here is identical with factor in the first step, and the relation between each factor that berth and bank bridge are distributed classifies out, is illustrated in the leg-of-mutton relation table as shown in table 2.For example: the pre-alongside position of the alongside position of boats and ships on the berth and boats and ships, to ETA estimated time of arrival with absorb water dark etc. relevant.Simultaneously, for more imagery, relation between the factor also can be depicted graphic form as shown in Figure 5 as, as can be seen from Figure 5, label is that 2 and 13 factor (the bank bridge that pre-alongside position and boats and ships on the berth distribute) has more mutual relationship than other factors, that is to say that factor 2 and factor 13 can influence more factors, to them more consideration will be arranged, the mutual relationship between these factors has also obtained harbour scheduling expert's confirmation.
Table 2
Step 3: determine that berth and bank bridge distribute the relation between independent variable and the correlated variables.At first should determine independent variable and correlated variables that relevant berth and bank bridge distribute.Correlated variables is meant that those are used for estimating the key element of berth and bank bridge distribution effects, comprises that turnround of a ship, ship berthing stand-by period, boats and ships departure from port delay, the bank bridge always loads and unloads energy consumption, level is transported energy consumption, horizontal transportation range, the bank bridge efficiency of loading and unloading etc.; Independent variable is meant that then those will influence the key element of berth and bank bridge distribution effects, and they comprise ship loading and unloading amount, ship berthing time, ship berthing position, serve the single cycle efficient of the task amount of the bank bridge number of boats and ships, each bank bridge distribution, bank bridge, bank bridge unit consumption of energy, the remaining task amount of bank bridge etc.Then the relation between independent variable and the correlated variables is classified, in table 3, independent variable is as the title of row, and correlated variables is as the title of row.Independent variable can influence correlated variables, and when the value of independent variable changed, the value of correlated variables also can change thereupon.For example, ship berthing position influence turnround of a ship, level transportation energy consumption, boats and ships departure from port delay etc.In the table, the quantity of round dot has been represented the compactedness of contact, and round dot is many more, illustrates that then the independent variable of berth and bank bridge distribution is big more to the correlated variables influence degree.
Table 3
3) after finishing berth and bank bridge and distributing knowledge classification, therefrom extract dependency rule: in the Rule Extraction, the related symbol that relates to all with berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribution mathematics model construction in consistent, extracting rule is as follows:
(1) berth allocation rule, berth allocation rule comprise that again the berth assignment constraints satisfies rule and berth Distribution Calculation rule:
The berth assignment constraints satisfies rule and mainly is meant when distributing the berth into boats and ships, should guarantee that some condition must be satisfied, and when intersecting as the alongside time, the alongside position can not intersect etc., comprises
Rule 1:
I f
Then?
This rule is that then the alongside position can not intersect if the alongside time of boats and ships intersects.
Rule 2:
If 
Then?
This rule is that then the alongside time can not intersect if the alongside position of boats and ships intersects.
Rule 3:
If 
Or
Then?
?is?ineffective.
This rule is the border that the alongside position of boats and ships can not exceed the bulkhead wall line.
Rule 4:
If 
Then?
?is?ineffective.
This rule is that the alongside time of boats and ships will be at boats and ships after the port.
Rule 5:
If 
And 
And
Then
This rule is the high boats and ships elder generation alongside of priority.
Berth Distribution Calculation rule is expressed as follows:
Step 1: upgrade current decision-making period
DP, establish
t=1;
Step 2: if
t≤
DP, enter step 3; Otherwise, finish to calculate;
Step 3: obtain the period
tIn all boats and ships, and with it by to the port rank order.
N t Be the quantity of these boats and ships,
iRepresent each bar ship, establish
i=1;
Step 4: if
i≤
N t , enter step 5; Otherwise order
t=
t+ 1, enter step 2 again;
Step 5: the position in computation-free berth;
Step 6: rule 1 and rule 3 during employing berth assignment constraints satisfies, calculation interval
tInterior boats and ships
iBe fit to the position of alongside, enter step 7 then; Otherwise boats and ships enter the anchorage and wait in line;
Step 7: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iBe assigned to the nearest berth of its best alongside position.Solution formula is:
, and then enter step 9;
Step 8: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iRandom assignment alongside position
x It , enter step 9 again;
Step 9: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe stochastic scheduling alongside time, the alongside time must greater than
AT It (
AT It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iEstimated Time of Arrival), adopt rule 2 and rule 4 simultaneously, when the alongside position of boats and ships was intersected, its alongside time can not intersect.
Berth allocation rule for the boats and ships of waiting in line on the anchorage is as follows:
Step 1: certain the bar ship on the berth is from pool;
Step 2: calculate this ship behind pool, the position in idle berth;
Step 3: rule 1 and rule 3 during employing berth assignment constraints satisfies, calculate the boats and ships that are fit to come to this free time berth on the anchorage;
Step 4: the boats and ships that are fit to are carried out priority sort from high to low;
Step 5: the rule 5 during employing berth assignment constraints satisfies is calculated the highest alongside time of boats and ships medium priority that is fit to alongside;
Step 6: for boats and ships are assigned to its nearest berth, best alongside position, solution formula is
(2) bank bridge allocation rule comprises that bank bridge assignment constraints satisfies rule and bank bridge Distribution Calculation rule.
Bank bridge assignment constraints satisfies rule and mainly is meant when distributing the bank bridge into boats and ships, should guarantee that some condition must be satisfied, and does not intersect as bank bridge job position etc.
Rule 1:
ForAll quay crane allocated for ship
iIn period
t
If
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees to distribute in the bank bridge of boats and ships, and the maximum load amount that has a bank bridge at least is greater than the weight of the loaded container of boats and ships.
Rule 2:
If Or
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe bank bridge all be adjacent, thereby guarantee that these bank bridges can not intersect with the bank bridge of other boats and ships.
Rule 3:
If 
Or 
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees the period
tInterior boats and ships
iAll bank bridges distribute volume of goods loaded and unloaded sum consistent with the volume of goods loaded and unloaded of boats and ships.
Bank bridge Distribution Calculation rule is expressed as follows:
Step 1: calculate big multiple amount and (use
Expression), doubly be meant greatly 2 little times combine doubly, be used to load 40 feet container;
Step 2: calculate maximum way,
Step 3: calculate minimum way,
Step 4: calculation interval
tInterior boats and ships
iRequired bank bridge number
q It , computing formula is as follows:
Step 5: the residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded of calculating every bank bridge earlier
Qs k It , wherein
Qs k It Be
y It Moment bank bridge
kThe residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded, be the period then
tInterior boats and ships
iDistribute
q It Platform bank bridge.When distributing the bank bridge, call the rule 1,2 and 3 of bank bridge assignment constraints in satisfying.These bank bridges can not intersect with the bank bridge of other boats and ships, and the residue task amount of these bank bridges is less than those and does not intersect and be not arranged to boats and ships
iThe residue workload of bank bridge.If bank bridge
kIt is selected,
A k It =1; Otherwise
A k It =0;
Step 6: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe bank bridge
kDistribute the volume of goods loaded and unloaded, computing formula is as follows:
(3) comprehensive evaluation rule, the comprehensive evaluation rule is meant some rules that are used to estimate berth and bank bridge allocative decision validity, as the actual alongside position deviation of boats and ships computation rule, turnround of a ship computation rule, ship loading and unloading energy consumption calculation rule, the boats and ships departure from port computation rule etc. that delays.
The rule 1: the actual alongside position deviation of boats and ships computation rule, comprise each bar boats and ships depart from and all boats and ships depart from, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 2: the turnround of a ship computation rule, comprise each bar boats and ships ETA estimated time of arrival and all boats and ships in the ETA estimated time of arrival summation, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 3: ship loading and unloading energy consumption calculation rule, comprise the loading and unloading energy consumption of each bar boats and ships and the loading and unloading energy consumption summation of all boats and ships, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 4: the boats and ships departures from port computation rule that delays, the departure from port that comprises each the bar boats and ships departure from port of computation rule and all boats and ships computation rule summation that delays that delays, computing formula is respectively:
4) after finishing the extraction of berth and bank bridge allocation rule, these rules are input in the knowledge base, so that in assigning process, these rules are carried out knowledge reasoning.
Reasoning is the thought process of releasing new true or other judgement according to certain principle from known true or judgement, and the fact of wherein reasoning institute foundation is called prerequisite (or condition), and the new fact of being released by prerequisite is called conclusion.Setting up berth, container wharf and bank bridge distributes the final purpose of knowledge system to provide to effective berth of user and bank bridge allocative decision.The mode that makes knowledge system can imitate the human expert is carried out work, and it is not enough only having relevant knowledge, must use certain inference method and strategy to carry out reasoning.In knowledge system, reasoning is a kind of knowledge-based inference based on the knowledge in the knowledge base, and the computer realization of knowledge-based inference has just constituted inference machine.The performance of inference machine is generally relevant with the mode of the expression way of knowledge and tissue with structure, but irrelevant with the content of knowledge, this helps guaranteeing the relatively independent of inference machine and knowledge base, when the knowledge of knowledge base changes, need not revise inference machine.Reasoning process is a thought process, promptly finds the solution the process of problem.The quality of problem solving and efficient not only depend on method for solving, and depend on the strategy of finding the solution, i.e. the reasoning control strategy.
It mainly is the reasoning that comes up on the basis of the rule of extracting from the knowledge that obtains that berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute, and the reasoning of rule-based expression includes two kinds of basic modes: forward reasoning and backward reasoning.
The basic thought of forward reasoning is: from existing information (fact), seek available knowledge, select to enable knowledge, carry out and enable knowledge, state is found the solution in change, progressively finds the solution until problem to solve.In general, realize the inference machine that forward reasoning should possess a database (Database) of depositing current state and a knowledge base of depositing knowledge (Knowledge base) and carry out reasoning.Its working routine is: the user deposits the information (fact) relevant with the problem of finding the solution in database, inference machine is according to these information, from knowledge base, select suitable knowledge, the information that must make new advances is deposited in the database, select knowledge for use according to current state again, so repeatedly, until giving separating of ging wrong.Forward reasoning generally has two kinds of termination conditions: once being to obtain one qualifiedly to separate end; The 2nd, just end is all obtained in all separating.
The basic thought of backward reasoning is: suppose a target earlier, in knowledge base, find out the knowledge collection that those its conclusion parts can cause this target then, reexamine knowledge and concentrate the condition part of every knowledge, if the condition entry that is contained in the condition of certain bar knowledge all can be met by user conversation, perhaps can be mated by the content of current database, then the conclusion of this knowledge (being target) is added in the current database, thereby this target is proved to be; Otherwise the condition entry of this knowledge as new sub-goal, recurrence is carried out said process, until each " with " sub-goal of relation all or " or " specific item of relation indicates one and appears in the database, target is found the solution, perhaps can not further decompose and database can not realize above-mentioned coupling the time until sub-goal, this hypothetical target is false.System proposes new hypothetical target again.
Berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute from boats and ships basic parameter, ship loading and unloading amount, berth basic parameter, position, idle berth, this parameter of bank abutment, bank bridge state, bank bridge location put, data parameters such as bank bridge residue workload goes out to send to carry out reasoning, need constantly to monitor the variation of the real-time status of controlled target parameter, make relative control output according to the situation of parameter then, therefore, this is the category that belongs to data-driven.Berth and bank bridge distribute and belong to np hard problem simultaneously, and its solution space is bigger, and therefore, berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute knowledge system to adopt the forward reasoning strategy.
5) set up berth, following container wharf and bank bridge at last and distribute reasoning algorithm:
Step 1: scanning berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge base, judge whether to exist current available knowledge collection, if having, then produce this knowledge collection; Otherwise rescan knowledge base;
Step 2: if separating of berth and bank bridge assignment problem all used or obtained to all knowledge that knowledge is concentrated, then algorithm stops; Otherwise enter next step;
Step 3: select and carry out the knowledge of relevant berth and the distribution of bank bridge, upgrade its current result of calculation simultaneously;
Step 4: turn back to step 1, search new available berth and bank bridge and distribute the knowledge collection.
Make up berth, container wharf and bank bridge and distribute knowledge system:
On the basis of aforementioned content, make up berth, a container wharf and bank bridge and distribute knowledge system, to realize knowledge model finding the solution to problem.Berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge system to realize, comprise structure, the knowledge-base design of system framework, at last this system development are realized.For the knowledge system that makes foundation is complete and effective, knowledge and rule in the knowledge base of design accurately and each other do not produce the contradiction, will make also that contact closely has very strong logical relation between the knowledge system various piece.
) structure of system framework:
In order to make berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute setting up more convenient, orderly property and intercommunity being arranged of knowledge system, more convenient and effective when the safeguarding of knowledge system, the present invention adopts four layer architectures to set up the berth and the bank bridge distributes knowledge system.Because distributing, berth and bank bridge relate to workflow, operating rule, constraint condition, evaluation criterion and evaluation requirement, so when this system of exploitation, these service logics need be separated from application system, form independent can self-defining Business Logic.Four layer architectures of system comprise as shown in Figure 6: user interface layer, application system level, Business Logic and knowledge base server layer.
User interface layer: i.e. client tier, it be convenient to the user more directly perceived, use berth and bank bridge to distribute knowledge system intelligibly, the modification and the suggestion feedback that participate in berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge system for the user provide man-machine interface, make the mutual and collaborative convenient of user and knowledge system developer, make berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge system to improve more with approaching actual.
Application system level: promptly carry out the environment layer that berth and An Qiao share out the work, it distributes the instrument support is provided for the user of user interface layer carries out berth and bank bridge, comprises that demand obtains instrument, appellative function crossover tool etc.It mainly handles the services request of client browser, according to operational approach, control program and the knowledge reasoning machine of the request call Business Logic of browser layer, and the Business Logic result is fed back to user interface layer.
Business Logic: i.e. field layer, it distributes this field relevant with berth, container wharf and bank bridge, mainly concentrates on aspects such as workflow, operating rule, constraint condition, knowledge reasoning machine, evaluation index.The design of Business Logic supports extendible system architecture particularly crucial for one, because it is playing the part of two different roles simultaneously in the system: for the knowledge base server layer, it is a caller; For application system level, it but is a callee.And the knowledge system developer can not once just all carefully think out for these operating rules, constraint condition etc., enroll in the system, thus need make extendible framework situation, so that replenish.
The knowledge base server layer: it has stored the required static or dynamic user's request knowledge of user interface layer, application system level and Business Logic, the contents such as intermediate data the when berth distributes domain knowledge and system to move with the bank bridge, and calling with management for the knowledge of the information management of application system level and Business Logic provides technical support.
) knowledge-base design:
Berth, container wharf and bank bridge assigning process can be regarded the reasoning process of knowledge base knowledge as, and net result is the The reasoning results of knowledge base knowledge.Well behaved knowledge system needs one and designs preferably that knowledge base supports, and this knowledge base should guarantee the mutual independence of knowledge base and inference machine, makes the change of knowledge base content can not cause the change of knowledge processing mechanism.In addition, the tissue of knowledge base knowledge will make things convenient for the enforcement of selected inference strategy, and knowledge base will possess good extensibility.Berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute knowledge base by forming to port boats and ships parameter list, boats and ships table on the berth, bank bridge table, allocation rule storehouse, berth master meter, allocation rule storehouse, berth condition table, allocation rule storehouse, berth conclusion table, berth assigning process table, berth and bank bridge distribution function function table, bank bridge allocation rule storehouse master meter, bank bridge allocation rule storehouse condition table, bank bridge allocation rule storehouse conclusion table, bank bridge assigning process table, berth and bank bridge allocation result table etc., and the incidence relation between table and the table as shown in Figure 7.
) the system development realization:
Berth, container wharf and bank bridge distribute knowledge system to comprise that demand obtains subsystem, berth assignment subsystem, bank bridge assignment subsystem, comprehensive evaluation subsystem, information management subsystem, data base management subsystem.
(1) demand is obtained subsystem
Demand obtains that subsystem is used to manage that the official number that expects the port boats and ships in certain period, boats and ships length, drinking water are dark, the weight of the volume of goods loaded and unloaded, pre-alongside position, loaded container, to data such as ETA estimated time of arrival, these data have embodied the demand of boats and ships to alongside position and required bank bridge.
(2) berth assignment subsystem
The berth assignment subsystem is used for expecting the boats and ships decision-making alongside position and the alongside time at port in certain period, this system passes through inference machine, scanning berth and bank bridge distribute related function and the rule in the knowledge base, and mate, and then draw rational alongside position and alongside time with the basic parameter of boats and ships.For example, at first according to the idle berth computing function in berth and the bank bridge partition function storehouse, obtain the idle berth on the bulkhead wall line, then the length of boats and ships and the length in idle berth are mated, find out the berth that is fit to ship berthing,, calculate optimum ship berthing position again by the optimum position computing function, scan the position non-crossing rule in the allocation rule storehouse, berth at last, judge whether the berth of distributing is finally feasible.
(3) bank bridge assignment subsystem
Bank bridge assignment subsystem is used for the boats and ships that expect the port in certain period are distributed the task amount of bank bridge and each bank bridge, this system passes through inference machine, scanning berth and bank bridge distribute related function and the rule in the knowledge base, and mate, and then draw the task amount of rational An Qiao and bank bridge with the basic parameter of boats and ships.For example at first according to the number computing function of should opening a way in berth and the bank bridge partition function storehouse, calculate the bank bridge number that boats and ships should distribute, then the load of loaded container of boats and ships and bank bridge is mated, find out suitable bank bridge scope, mate with bank bridge non-crossing rule again, the bank bridge that intersects is picked out, by bank bridge task amount computing function, obtained the task amount that each bank bridge should distribute at last.
(4) comprehensive evaluation subsystem
Berth and bank bridge distributive judgement subsystem are taken into account the individual event evaluation and the comprehensive evaluation of the various indexs in the assigning process, thereby obtain comprehensive more excellent allocative decision.Specifically comprise turnround of a ship, alongside position offset, bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption, boats and ships Departure airport delay, boats and ships departure from port delay fine, and normalized multiple objective function content in the formula (11).
(5) information management subsystem
The knowledge management module major function is the definition knowledge base structure, typing, modification and the deletion of managerial knowledge storehouse knowledge; Definition knowledge base knowledge reasoning machine and other need be according to the dynamic self-defining knowledge of different designs object.Comprise that specifically Custom Knowledge Base, knowledge base knowledge retrieval, knowledge base information management, self-defined knowledge reasoning machine, self-defined berth allocation rule, self-defined bank bridge allocation rule, self-defined berth and bank bridge distribution function function, self-defined berth distribution solution procedure, self-defined bank bridge distribute solution procedure, self-defined berth and bank bridge distributive judgement function etc.
(6) data base management subsystem
Berth and bank bridge allocation database ADMINISTRATION SUBSYSTEM are mainly used in berth master data, bank abutment notebook data, distribute data such as intermediate data, berth and bank bridge allocation result in the solution procedure at port boats and ships master data, berth and bank bridge, import, store, export.
At berth, container wharf and bank bridge assignment problem, to count minimum be target because turnround of a ship exceeds fine that preset range bears with the energy consumption of the departure degree of ship berthing position and optimal location, bank bridge loading and unloading boats and ships and harbour in the present invention, set up berth and bank bridge distribution mathematical model; Adopt architectionic theory, made up berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge model, comprise knowledge acquirement model, Rule Extraction model and knowledge reasoning model, make full use of port berth and the bank bridge distributes existing knowledge, go to find the solution berth and bank bridge assignment problem; Then, on the basis of combined mathematical module and knowledge model, the present invention has made up the berth and the bank bridge distributes knowledge system, and knowledge model is used to find the solution mathematical model, has realized purpose of the present invention.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in the foregoing description and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (15)
1. based on the berth, container wharf and the bank bridge dispatching method of knowledge, comprising:
First, on the basis of systematic analysis berth and bank bridge assignment problem, make up berth and bank bridge and distribute the mathematics Optimization Model, influence factor, dispatching principle that berth that investigation is obtained according to harbour and bank bridge distribute, with cut down the consumption of energy, reduce shipping and delivery cost, the raising efficiency of loading and unloading is a target, set up berth and bank bridge and distribute mathematical model, target and the principle of considering in the scheduling process changed into mathematic(al) representation, to form objective function and the constraint condition in the mathematical model;
Second, adopt the knowledge system correlation theory, make up berth and bank bridge and distribute knowledge model, comprise knowledge acquirement model, Rule Extraction model and knowledge reasoning model, utilize existing harbour scheduling knowledge, removing to find the solution berth and bank bridge distributes, angle from knowledge engineering, based on the data of obtaining in the investigation of container wharf,, the knowledge and experience of berth and the distribution of bank bridge is analyzed by knowledge acquisition method (KSP knowledge classification method), and with these experiences or knowledge, mode with rule is represented, again by knowledge reasoning mechanism, these knowledge is used to find the solution berth and bank bridge distribution mathematical model;
The 3rd, on the basis of combined mathematical module and knowledge model, structure is based on the berth and the bank bridge distribution system of knowledge, structure, knowledge-base design by system framework, realize the exploitation of system at last, find the solution mathematical model with the knowledge model in this system, realize computer solving berth, container wharf and bank bridge assignment problem.
2. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, make up the berth and distribute mathematical model with the bank bridge, comprise set up be used to minimize all boats and ships actual alongside position in whole decision-making period and in advance between the alongside position depart from; Be used to minimize the fine summation of all boats and ships departure from port delays in whole decision-making period; Be used to minimize all boats and ships in whole decision-making period bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption summation objective function and based on the multiple objective function of above-mentioned objective function, the berth of being set up is as follows with bank bridge distribution mathematical model:
Objective function:
Constraint condition: formula (31), (32) and (14) ~ (30).
3. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described be used to minimize all boats and ships actual alongside position in whole decision-making period and in advance between the alongside position depart from and objective function be:
In the formula, DP: hop count during plan in decision-making period, Nt is the boats and ships quantity of planning the port in the period t,
x It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe alongside position,
x It * Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iBest alongside position.
4. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described objective function that is used to minimize the fine summation of all boats and ships departure from port delays in whole decision-making period is:
In the formula,
Be to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe Late Finish of bank bridge,
DPHop count during for the plan in decision-making period, each period is used
tExpression;
N t Be the period
tIn plan the boats and ships quantity at port, every boats and ships are used
iExpression;
LWater front length for harbour;
LitBe the period
tInterior boats and ships
iLength, this length comprised boats and ships itself length and with the safe distance of adjacent boats and ships;
AT It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iEstimated Time of Arrival;
DT It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iEstimated time of leaving;
NC It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe volume of goods loaded and unloaded;
qBe the actual bank bridge number in the harbour, every bank bridge is used
kExpression;
Sp k Be the bank bridge
kThe maximum load amount;
Qs k It Be the bank bridge
k y It The residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded constantly;
η k Be every bank bridge
kProduction efficiency;
C It d Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iDeparture from port delay cost;
Qn k It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iDistribute to the bank bridge
kThe volume of goods loaded and unloaded, if
Qn k It For
0, then show the bank bridge
kUnallocated to the period
tInterior boats and ships
i,
5. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the described objective function that is used to minimize the bank bridge loading and unloading energy consumption summation of all boats and ships in whole decision-making period is:
In the formula,
,
DPHop count during for the plan in decision-making period, each period is used
tExpression;
N t Be the period
tIn plan the boats and ships quantity at port, every boats and ships are used
iExpression;
qBe the actual bank bridge number in the harbour, every bank bridge is used
kExpression;
gFor many bank bridges load and unload the mutual interference coefficient of same ship time simultaneously,
g＜1;
η k Be every bank bridge
kProduction efficiency;
C Ke w Be every bank bridge
kEnergy consumption in unit interval;
Qn k It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iDistribute to the bank bridge
kThe volume of goods loaded and unloaded, if
Qn k It Be 0, then show the bank bridge
kUnallocated to the period
tInterior boats and ships
i,
6. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 2 is characterized in that described multiple objective function is:
Wherein
ω 1,
ω 2With
ω 3It is respectively objective function
f 1,
f 2With
f 3Weight.
7. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described structure berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge model to comprise:
1) sets up berth and bank bridge and distribute knowledge acquirement model, the knowledge that is used for finding the solution the specialized field problem is extracted from the knowledge source that has these knowledge, and be converted to specific computer representation;
2) set up berth and bank bridge and distribute the knowledge classification model, to dispatch the disorderly unordered and knowledge of obtaining expert and the historical record in large scale from harbour by general sorting technique classifies, creating berth and bank bridge and distribute classification tree, serves as to distribute knowledge organization with reference to carrying out berth and bank bridge with berth and the bank bridge distribution classification tree of being created again;
3) after finishing berth and bank bridge distribution knowledge classification, therefrom extract the berth allocation rule, bank bridge allocation rule and comprehensive evaluation rule;
4) after finishing the extraction of berth and bank bridge allocation rule, these rules are input in the knowledge base, so that in assigning process, these rules are carried out knowledge reasoning;
5) set up berth, container wharf and bank bridge at last and distribute reasoning algorithm.
8. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described berth allocation rule comprises: the berth assignment constraints satisfies rule, the berth allocation rule of berth Distribution Calculation rule and the boats and ships waited in line on the anchorage.
9. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 8 is characterized in that described berth assignment constraints satisfies rule and comprises:
Rule 1:
I f 
Then?
This rule is that then the alongside position can not intersect if the alongside time of boats and ships intersects;
Rule 2:
If 
Then?
This rule is that then the alongside time can not intersect if the alongside position of boats and ships intersects;
Rule 3:
If 
Or
Then?
?is?ineffective.
This rule is the border that the alongside position of boats and ships can not exceed the bulkhead wall line;
Rule 4:
If 
Then?
?is?ineffective.
This rule is that the alongside time of boats and ships will be at boats and ships after the port;
Rule 5:
If 
And 
And 
Then
This rule is the high boats and ships elder generation alongside of priority.
10. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 8 is characterized in that described berth Distribution Calculation rule list is shown:
Step 1: upgrade current decision-making period
DP, establish
t=1;
Step 2: if
t≤
DP, enter step 3; Otherwise, finish to calculate;
Step 3: obtain the period
tIn all boats and ships, and with it by to the port rank order,
N t Be the quantity of these boats and ships,
iRepresent each bar ship, establish
i=1;
Step 4: if
i≤
N t , enter step 5; Otherwise order
t=
t+ 1, enter step 2 again;
Step 5: the position in computation-free berth;
Step 6: rule 1 and rule 3 during employing berth assignment constraints satisfies, calculation interval
tInterior boats and ships
iBe fit to the position of alongside, enter step 7 then; Otherwise boats and ships enter the anchorage and wait in line;
Step 7: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iBe assigned to the nearest berth of its best alongside position, solution formula is:
, and then enter step 9;
Step 8: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iRandom assignment alongside position
x It , enter step 9 again;
Step 9: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe stochastic scheduling alongside time, the alongside time must greater than
AT It (
AT It Be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iEstimated Time of Arrival), adopt rule 2 and rule 4 simultaneously, when the alongside position of boats and ships was intersected, its alongside time can not intersect.
11. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described bank bridge allocation rule comprises that bank bridge assignment constraints satisfies rule and bank bridge Distribution Calculation rule.
12. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 11 is characterized in that described bank bridge assignment constraints satisfies rule and comprises:
Rule 1:
ForAll quay crane allocated for ship
iIn period
t
If
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees to distribute in the bank bridge of boats and ships, and the maximum load amount that has a bank bridge at least is greater than the weight of the loaded container of boats and ships;
Rule 2:
If 
Or 
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees to distribute to the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe bank bridge all be adjacent, thereby guarantee that these bank bridges can not intersect with the bank bridge of other boats and ships;
Rule 3:
If 
Or 
Then?quay?crane?scheduling?is?unfeasible
This rule guarantees the period
tInterior boats and ships
iAll bank bridges distribute volume of goods loaded and unloaded sum consistent with the volume of goods loaded and unloaded of boats and ships.
13. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described bank bridge Distribution Calculation rule list is shown:
Step 1: calculate big multiple amount and (use
Expression), doubly be meant greatly 2 little times combine doubly, be used to load 40 feet container;
Step 2: calculate maximum way,
Step 3: calculate minimum way,
Step 4: calculation interval
tInterior boats and ships
iRequired bank bridge number
q It , computing formula is as follows:
Step 5: the residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded of calculating every bank bridge earlier
Qs k It , wherein
Qs k It Be
y It Moment bank bridge
kThe residue volume of goods loaded and unloaded, be the period then
tInterior boats and ships
iDistribute
q It Platform bank bridge when distributing the bank bridge, call the rule 1,2 and 3 of bank bridge assignment constraints in satisfying, and these bank bridges can not intersect with the bank bridge of other boats and ships, and the residue task amount of these bank bridges is less than those and does not intersect and be not arranged to boats and ships
iThe residue workload of bank bridge, if the bank bridge
kIt is selected,
A k It =1; Otherwise
A k It =0;
Step 6: be the period
tInterior boats and ships
iThe bank bridge
kDistribute the volume of goods loaded and unloaded, computing formula is as follows:
14. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 7 is characterized in that described comprehensive evaluation rule comprises:
The rule 1: the actual alongside position deviation of boats and ships computation rule, comprise each bar boats and ships depart from and all boats and ships depart from, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 2: the turnround of a ship computation rule, comprise each bar boats and ships ETA estimated time of arrival and all boats and ships in the ETA estimated time of arrival summation, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 3: ship loading and unloading energy consumption calculation rule, comprise the loading and unloading energy consumption of each bar boats and ships and the loading and unloading energy consumption summation of all boats and ships, computing formula is respectively:
Rule 4: the boats and ships departures from port computation rule that delays, the departure from port that comprises each the bar boats and ships departure from port of computation rule and all boats and ships computation rule summation that delays that delays, computing formula is respectively:
15. berth, container wharf and bank bridge dispatching method based on knowledge according to claim 7 is characterized in that, berth, described container wharf and bank bridge distribute reasoning algorithm to be expressed as:
Step 1: scanning berth and bank bridge distribute knowledge base, judge whether to exist current available knowledge collection, if having, then produce this knowledge collection; Otherwise rescan knowledge base;
Step 2: if separating of berth and bank bridge assignment problem all used or obtained to all knowledge that knowledge is concentrated, then algorithm stops; Otherwise enter next step;
Step 3: select and carry out the knowledge of relevant berth and the distribution of bank bridge, upgrade its current result of calculation simultaneously;
Step 4: turn back to step 1, search new available berth and bank bridge and distribute the knowledge collection.
Priority Applications (1)
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