CN101985670A - Top slag-free steel making method for converter - Google Patents
Top slag-free steel making method for converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101985670A CN101985670A CN2010105390621A CN201010539062A CN101985670A CN 101985670 A CN101985670 A CN 101985670A CN 2010105390621 A CN2010105390621 A CN 2010105390621A CN 201010539062 A CN201010539062 A CN 201010539062A CN 101985670 A CN101985670 A CN 101985670A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a top slag-free steel making method for a converter, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps of: when molten steel is smelted in the converter, blowing oxygen, limestone powder and dolomite powder into a smelting pool at the same time by using a bottom blowing device, and reclaiming the coal gas generated by smelting. The method can reduce oxygen consumption, eliminate splash of molten steel, improve the metal yield, reduce the limestone consumption and reduce the dolomite consumption, has high coal gas combustion value and good environmentally-friendly and energy-saving effects, and is particularly suitable for low-silicon low-phosphorus molten iron steel making.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, particularly a kind of converter does not have top slag method for making steel.
Background technology
Bottomblown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen in the present converter steeling technology is when steel-making, and oxygen is directly to blow into the molten bath from a plurality of oxygen nozzle dispersion of furnace bottom ground, so agitation condition is good, the contact area of Oxygen Flow and liquid metal is big, and chemical reaction rapidly and evenly; Carbon and oxygen that is to say near equilibrium state, compares with top-blown oxygen converter, and the lower and distribution uniform of molten bath oxygen level of end-blown converter steel-making, so blowing is steadily, splash is few; And because oxygen nozzle refrigerant has adopted the gas of cleavables such as Sweet natural gas, propane, reduced the temperature of high temperature reaction zone, the evaporation loss of iron is few, the iron of evaporation is through the filteration in molten bath, further reduced loss, therefore, the fume amount of bottom blowing oxygen steelmaking is about 1/3 of top-blown oxygen converter.For above-mentioned reasons, the recovery rate of iron of bottomblown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen is higher by about 2% than top-blown oxygen converter.
The main drawback of bottomblown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen is: because the high-temperature zone is in converter bottom, the life of bottom is lower than shaft and furnace crown; And when adopting hydrocarbon polymer to make oxygen rifle refrigerant, increased the complicacy of equipment, the hydrocarbon polymer Pintsch process produces hydrogen, and the molten bath hydrogen content is raise.Need carry out dehydrogenation and handle at the blowing rare gas element of jetting latter stage when smelting high-quality steel.The steel-making slagging is slow.Want omnidistance air blowing pressurize in the bottom blowing process in addition, otherwise infiltration of molten steel winding-up element causes security incident.For addressing this problem, also there is the investigator to pass through to spray the test of element winding-up unslaked lime at the bottom of the straight tubular, but still has problems such as infiltration of molten steel, obstruction.Therefore enter the eighties, DEVELOPMENT OF BOTTOM-BLOWN OXYGEN CONVERTERS is tending towards standstill state.
Bottomblown oxygen converter quiet basic oxygen is compared with top-blown oxygen converter, relative merits are respectively arranged, the former agitation condition is good, latter's slagging is fast, therefore people's imagination is got up both advantages, Here it is 20th century the mid-1970s top and bottom combined blown converter steelmaking technology of beginning to grow up, this technology becomes important development of oxygen converter steelmaking.The function but this technology is not dusted when bottom blowing, common bottom blowing nitrogen, top blast oxygen; Also need omnidistance air blowing pressurize in the bottom blowing process, otherwise easily cause security incidents such as bleed-out.Bath all is an oxidizing atmosphere in smelting process in addition, desulfuration efficient is poor, the also easily oxidized and loss of expensive alloying element, the coal-gas recovering quality is also relatively poor, thereby adopt the technology institute's steelmaking kind and the quality of top and bottom complex blowing just to be subjected to certain restriction, and converter current bottom blowing technology only actually nitrogen-blow.
Steel-smelting technology adopts exceptionally invariably and makes top slag steel-making at present, and the top residue material mainly is to add block lime, rhombspar; Wherein lime is mainly used to dephosphorization as calcareous slagging constituent; Rhombspar is as magnesia slag former, in rising and acid slag, alleviates the erosion action of slag to furnace lining, improves lining life.In existing steel-smelting technology, because lime, rhombspar utilization ratio are very low, slag making materials consumption and metal loss are all very big, and more free calcium oxide occurs in the slag, bring a lot of problems for the efficient utilization of slag, environmental pollution problem also occurs.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at problems of the prior art, provide a kind of converter not have top slag method for making steel, by the gas permeable brick of bottom blowing device in bath, jet Wingdale and rhombspar, under the condition of not making the top slag, when smelting Finished Steel, reach the consumption that reduces oxygen depletion, reduces Wingdale and rhombspar, improve the rate of recovery of metal and coal gas, and the effect that improves the gas-fired value.
Method of the present invention is: during the converter smelting molten steel, by bottom blowing device jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates in bath.
The winding-up amount of oxygen is 35 ~ 45Nm in the aforesaid method
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder are 11 ~ 22 kg/t molten steel, and the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:3 ~ 4 by weight.
The dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit in the above-mentioned bottom blowing device is 0.15 ~ 0.25mm.
Granularity≤the 0.06mm of above-mentioned limestone powder, the granularity≤0.06mm of ground dolomite.
The winding-up time of oxygen is 29 ~ 42min in the aforesaid method, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 27 ~ 40min.
The coal-gas recovering amount of aforesaid method is 90 ~ 140 Nm
3/ t molten steel.
The volume percent of CO is 90 ~ 95% in the coal gas that aforesaid method obtains.
The composition of the molten iron raw material that aforesaid method is smelted contains C3.5 ~ 4.5% by weight percentage, and Si 0.13 ~ 0.60%, Mn0.20 ~ 0.85%, and P≤0.08%, S≤0.05%, surplus is Fe.
Molten steel component after aforesaid method is smelted contains C0.12 ~ 0.32% by weight percentage, Si≤0.30%, and Mn0.15 ~ 0.65%, P≤0.04%, S≤0.04%, surplus is Fe.
The present invention selects for use Wingdale powder and rhombspar powder as slag former, adopts steel making oxygen gas as reactant gases and carrier gas, winding-up limestone powder and ground dolomite, because particle is very thin, specific surface area is very big, has increased reaction interface, decompose soon, slagging is fast, the efficient height of dephosphorization.Because the mixing effect of bottom blowing own is good, limestone powder and ground dolomite high temperature decompose the carbonic acid gas and the carbon reaction volume in the molten iron that come out down in addition increases by 1 times of (reaction formula CO
2+ [C]=2CO), so whipping force is stronger, dynamic conditions is better, and is more favourable to dephosphorization etc.; The unslaked lime that limestone powder and ground dolomite decompose out is in floating-upward process, and the phosphorus reaction in easier and the molten metal need not be made the top slag; During the magnesium oxide that ground dolomite decomposes rises and acid slag, furnace lining is played certain protective role; Carbonic acid gas at high temperature is weak oxide, owing to spread out, and the carbon reaction in very fast and the molten iron, the erosion of refractory materials is not constituted influence substantially.Oxygen stirs, and as the carrier of carrying Wingdale, rhombspar, also participates in metallurgical reaction simultaneously.Bottom blowing oxygen is more conducive to convenient control metallurgical process; Wingdale, rhombspar owing to jet simultaneously, the gas of the cleavables such as Sweet natural gas, propane of need not jetting simultaneously.
Method of the present invention can be in carbon rejection process dephosphorization simultaneously; the decomposition course of Wingdale and rhombspar is thermo-negative reaction in addition; the cooling protection effect is arranged; the element that dusts there is cooling effect; make the converter bottom high-temperature zone not occur; there is not the peroxidation phenomenon in the molten metal page or leaf, and metal loss is less, and it is better to smelt the gas quality that produces.
Method of the present invention adopts Wingdale, does not need to be prepared into lime through calcining, has avoided the problem of past because of unslaked lime moisture absorption deterioration gas delivery, has also solved the problems such as discharging great amount of carbon dioxide that Wingdale, dolomite calcination bring in the traditional way; Need not resemble that liquid level adds unslaked lime the conventional steel-making, rhombspar is made the low problem of utilization ratio that the top slag causes, and avoids liquid level to bring with slag former and has free calcium oxide in the slag, causes follow-up converter slag difficult treatment.
The present invention is by the slit gas permeable brick that dusts, and melting security and reliability is one, has avoided obstruction or molten metal phenomenon of osmosis, is convenient to reactor safety in production and handling simultaneously, avoids over to spray omnidistance pressurize the end of with and prevent the molten steel leakage problem; The slit gas permeable brick that dusts can make oxygen more disperse, and utilization ratio is higher, and no splash phenomenon is guaranteed security.
Method of the present invention can reduce oxygen consumption about 10 ~ 25%, eliminate the molten steel splash, recovery rate of iron improves 2 ~ 3%, lime (conversion) consumption decline 35 ~ 45kg/t steel, the rhombspar consumption reduces by 8 ~ 12kg/t steel, gas-fired value height, environmental protection and energy saving are effective, ferrophosphorus water steel-making at the bottom of the especially suitable low silicon.
Embodiment
Limestone powder that adopts in following examples of the present invention and ground dolomite are the general industry product, the granularity≤0.06mm of limestone powder, the granularity≤0.06mm of ground dolomite;
Bulk purity 〉=99.6% of the oxygen that adopts;
The slit that the adopts gas permeable brick that dusts is the narrow annular channel formula gas permeable brick (the slit crack is the circumference symmetric arrangement) that dusts;
The powder spraying pot that adopts is the PDF powder spraying pot that has the speed change worm conveyor;
The CaO content 51 ~ 53wt% of Wingdale burns and loses composition 41 ~ 43 wt%, and surplus is an impurity;
The MgO content 21 ~ 24wt% of rhombspar, CaO31 ~ 35wt% burns and loses composition 41 ~ 43 wt%, and surplus is an impurity;
The CaO content 90 ~ 93wt% of lime, surplus is an impurity, the alkali content≤5wt% that burns, granularity 5 ~ 40mm, activity degree 〉=350(4mol/me, 40 ± 1 ℃, 10min);
The volume percent of CO is 90 ~ 95% in the coal gas that obtains, CO
2Volume percent be 4 ~ 6.5%, surplus is N
2, H
2With inevitable impurity;
The winding-up time of oxygen is 29 ~ 42min, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 27 ~ 40min.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the 30t converter steelmaking, the composition of molten iron raw material contains C3.7% by weight percentage, and Si 0.13%, Mn0.25%, and P0.06%, S0.05%, surplus is Fe;
The bottom blowing device of converter comprises powder spraying pot and the slit gas permeable brick that dusts; During the converter smelting molten steel, as carrier gas,, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates by bottom blowing device in bath, jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite with oxygen; The molten steel component that obtains after smelting is finished contains C0.18% by weight percentage, Si0.06%, and Mn0.15%, P0.03%, S0.04%, surplus is Fe;
The winding-up amount of oxygen is 35Nm
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder is the 11kg/t molten steel, the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:3 by weight;
The dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit is 0.16mm;
The winding-up time of oxygen is 29min, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 27min;
The coal-gas recovering amount is 90Nm
3/ t molten steel; The volume percent of CO is 90.28% in the coal gas, CO
2Volume percent be 6.31%;
Adopt aforesaid device and raw material to make the top slag melting by traditional way, the winding-up amount of oxygen is 45Nm
3It is 50 kg/t molten steel that/t molten steel, converter top add block amount of lime, and being converted to Wingdale is 90kg/ t molten steel, and it is 15 kg/ t molten steel that the top adds the rhombspar amount, and the coal-gas recovering amount is 70 Nm
3/ t molten steel, the volume percent of CO is 59.96% in the coal gas of acquisition, CO
2Volume percent be 14.31%;
Compare with original technology, behind employing bottom blowing Wingdale and the rhombspar, the consumption of Wingdale and rhombspar significantly reduces, and the coal-gas recovering rate is greatly improved, gas-fired value height, and recovery rate of iron improves 2wt%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the 45t converter steelmaking, the composition of molten iron raw material contains C3.8% by weight percentage, and Si 0.15%, Mn0.35%, and P0.05%, S0.05%, surplus is Fe;
The bottom blowing device of converter comprises powder spraying pot and the slit gas permeable brick that dusts; During the converter smelting molten steel, as carrier gas,, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates by bottom blowing device in bath, jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite with oxygen; Molten steel component after the smelting contains C0.28% by weight percentage, Si0.08%, and Mn0.25%, P0.02%, S0.04%, surplus is Fe;
The winding-up amount of oxygen is 38Nm
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder is the 15kg/t molten steel, the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:4 by weight;
The dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit is 0.18mm;
The winding-up time of oxygen is 32min, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 27min;
The coal-gas recovering amount is 105Nm
3/ t molten steel; The volume percent of CO is 90.52% in the coal gas, CO
2Volume percent be 6.21%;
Adopt aforesaid device and raw material to make the top slag melting by traditional way, the winding-up amount of oxygen is 47Nm
3/ t molten steel, it is the 52kg/t molten steel that the converter top adds block amount of lime, and being converted to Wingdale is 94kg/ t molten steel, and it is 16 kg/ t molten steel that the top adds the rhombspar amount, and the coal-gas recovering amount is 78Nm
3/ t molten steel, the volume percent of CO is 58.95% in the coal gas of acquisition, CO
2Volume percent be 13.30%;
Compare with original technology, behind employing bottom blowing Wingdale and the rhombspar, the consumption of Wingdale and rhombspar significantly reduces, and the coal-gas recovering rate is greatly improved, gas-fired value height, and recovery rate of iron improves 2.5wt%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the 60t converter steelmaking, the composition of molten iron raw material contains C4.0% by weight percentage, and Si 0.35%, and Mn 0.50%, and P 0.04%, and S 0.05%, and surplus is Fe;
The bottom blowing device of converter comprises powder spraying pot and the slit gas permeable brick that dusts; During the converter smelting molten steel, as carrier gas,, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates by bottom blowing device in bath, jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite with oxygen; Molten steel component after the smelting contains C0.30% by weight percentage, Si0.21%, and Mn0.30%, P0.02%, S0.04%, surplus is Fe;
The winding-up amount of oxygen is 40Nm
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder are 18 kg/t molten steel, and the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:3.4 by weight;
The dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit is 0.21mm;
The winding-up time of oxygen is 35min, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 31min;
The coal-gas recovering amount is 135 Nm
3/ t molten steel; The volume percent of CO is 91.14% in the coal gas, CO
2Volume percent be 5.32%;
Adopt aforesaid device and raw material to make the top slag melting by traditional way, the winding-up amount of oxygen is 50Nm
3/ t molten steel, it is the 51kg/t molten steel that the converter top adds block amount of lime, and being converted to Wingdale is 92kg/ t molten steel, and it is 15 kg/ t molten steel that the top adds the rhombspar amount, and the coal-gas recovering amount is 90Nm
3/ t molten steel, the volume percent of CO is 56.96% in the coal gas of acquisition, CO
2Volume percent be 14.31%;
Compare with original technology, behind employing bottom blowing Wingdale and the rhombspar, the consumption of Wingdale and rhombspar significantly reduces, and the coal gas yield is greatly improved, gas-fired value height, and recovery rate of iron improves 2.8wt%.
Embodiment 4
Adopt the 80t converter steelmaking, the composition of molten iron raw material contains C3.9% by weight percentage, Si0.45%, and Mn0.40%, P0.05%, S0.04%, surplus is Fe;
The bottom blowing device of converter comprises powder spraying pot and the slit gas permeable brick that dusts; During the converter smelting molten steel, as carrier gas,, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates by bottom blowing device in bath, jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite with oxygen; Molten steel component after the smelting contains C0.21% by weight percentage, Si≤0.19%, and Mn0.25%, P0.03%, S0.03%, surplus is Fe;
The winding-up amount of oxygen is 45Nm
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder are 22 kg/t molten steel, and the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:4 by weight;
The dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit is 0.24mm;
The winding-up time of oxygen is 42min, and the winding-up time of limestone powder and ground dolomite is 40min;
The coal-gas recovering amount is 140 Nm
3/ t molten steel; The volume percent of CO is 92.21% in the coal gas, CO
2Volume percent be 4.01%;
Adopt aforesaid device and raw material to make the top slag melting by traditional way, the winding-up amount of oxygen is 55Nm
3/ t molten steel, it is the 53kg/t molten steel that the converter top adds block amount of lime, and being converted to Wingdale is 95kg/ t molten steel, and it is 13 kg/ t molten steel that the top adds the rhombspar amount, and the coal-gas recovering amount is 95Nm
3/ t molten steel, the volume percent of CO is 58.73% in the coal gas of acquisition, CO
2Volume percent be 13.22%;
Compare with original technology, behind employing bottom blowing lime stone and the dolomite, the consumption of lime stone and dolomite significantly reduces, and the coal gas yield is greatly improved, gas-fired value height, and recovery rate of iron improves 3wt%.
Claims (4)
1. a converter does not have top slag method for making steel, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: during the converter smelting molten steel, by bottom blowing device jet simultaneously oxygen, limestone powder and ground dolomite, smelt the coal-gas recovering that generates in bath.
2. a kind of converter according to claim 1 does not have top slag method for making steel, and the winding-up amount that it is characterized in that oxygen is 35 ~ 45Nm
3/ t molten steel, the winding-up amount of limestone powder are 11 ~ 22 kg/t molten steel, and the winding-up amount of ground dolomite is ground dolomite: limestone powder=1:3 ~ 4 by weight.
3. a kind of converter according to claim 1 does not have top slag method for making steel, it is characterized in that the dust slit width of gas permeable brick of slit in the described bottom blowing device is 0.15 ~ 0.25mm.
4. a kind of converter according to claim 1 does not have top slag method for making steel, it is characterized in that the granularity≤0.06mm of described limestone powder, the granularity≤0.06mm of ground dolomite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105390621A CN101985670A (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-11-11 | Top slag-free steel making method for converter |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105390621A CN101985670A (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2010-11-11 | Top slag-free steel making method for converter |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102766724A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-07 | 东北大学 | Method adopting oxygen lance to jet granulated powder limestone to make slag and steel in combined blown converter |
| CN109852762A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-07 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | A kind of compound top and bottom combined blown converter bottom spray lime stone smelting process |
| CN110129510A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A method of bottom blowing is improved with oxygen spray powder service life of lance |
| CN110760639A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | System and method for steelmaking by spraying limestone powder to bottom of converter |
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| CN1789437A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2006-06-21 | 东北大学 | Slit type ladle bottom blowing powder injection process and apparatus |
| CN201380284Y (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-01-13 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Double-layered slit permeable brick for bottom-blowing, powder-injecting and dephosphorizing |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1789437A (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2006-06-21 | 东北大学 | Slit type ladle bottom blowing powder injection process and apparatus |
| CN201380284Y (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2010-01-13 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Double-layered slit permeable brick for bottom-blowing, powder-injecting and dephosphorizing |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102766724A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-11-07 | 东北大学 | Method adopting oxygen lance to jet granulated powder limestone to make slag and steel in combined blown converter |
| CN109852762A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-06-07 | 山东钢铁集团日照有限公司 | A kind of compound top and bottom combined blown converter bottom spray lime stone smelting process |
| CN110129510A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-08-16 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A method of bottom blowing is improved with oxygen spray powder service life of lance |
| CN110760639A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-02-07 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | System and method for steelmaking by spraying limestone powder to bottom of converter |
| CN110760639B (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-09-28 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | System and method for steelmaking by spraying limestone powder to bottom of converter |
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Application publication date: 20110316 |